Edmundston, New Brunswick
Encyclopedia
Edmundston ˈɛdmʌndstən is a Canadian
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

 city in Madawaska County
Madawaska County, New Brunswick
Madawaska County , also known as the "New Brunswick Panhandle", is located in northwestern New Brunswick, Canada. Over 90% of the county's population speaks French...

, New Brunswick
New Brunswick
New Brunswick is one of Canada's three Maritime provinces and is the only province in the federation that is constitutionally bilingual . The provincial capital is Fredericton and Saint John is the most populous city. Greater Moncton is the largest Census Metropolitan Area...

.

History

During the early colonial period, the area was an important meeting place and hunting/fishing spot of the Maliseet (Wolastoqiyik) nation. A considerable sized village was located there around the turn of the 19th century. Formerly, the settlement was located around the falls at the confluence of the Madawaska-St. John Rivers; currently there is a federal reserve a few kilometres from Edmundston (St. Basile 10/Madawaska Maliseet First Nation). Originally named Petit-Sault (Little Falls) in reference to the waterfalls located where the Madawaska River merges into the Saint John River, the settlement was renamed Edmundston in 1851 after Sir Edmund Walker Head
Edmund Walker Head
Sir Edmund Walker Head, 8th Baronet, KCB was British colonial administrator.He was born at Wiarton Place, near Maidstone, Kent, the son of Reverend Sir John Head, 7th Bt. and Jane Head. He was educated at Winchester College and Oriel College, Oxford. He succeeded to his father's title in 1838...

, who was Lieutenant-Governor of New Brunswick from 1848 to 1854 and Governor-General of Canada from 1854 to 1861. Originally a small logging
Logging
Logging is the cutting, skidding, on-site processing, and loading of trees or logs onto trucks.In forestry, the term logging is sometimes used in a narrow sense concerning the logistics of moving wood from the stump to somewhere outside the forest, usually a sawmill or a lumber yard...

 settlement, Edmundston's growth is mostly attributed to the city's strategic location.
The area was at the centre of the Aroostook War
Aroostook War
The Aroostook War was an undeclared nonviolent confrontation in 1838/1839 between the United States and Great Britain over the international boundary between British North America and Maine. The compromise resolution win a mutually accepted border between the state of Maine and the provinces of...

 over the boundary line between the U.S.A.
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

 and what was then British North America
British North America
British North America is a historical term. It consisted of the colonies and territories of the British Empire in continental North America after the end of the American Revolutionary War and the recognition of American independence in 1783.At the start of the Revolutionary War in 1775 the British...

. In the wake of this international conflict, a small fortification
Fortification
Fortifications are military constructions and buildings designed for defence in warfare and military bases. Humans have constructed defensive works for many thousands of years, in a variety of increasingly complex designs...

 (Fortin du Petit-Sault) was built in anticipation of a possible attack by the Americans. It was because of the boundary disputes in this area that the francophone Brayon
Brayon
Brayons are a francophone people inhabiting the area in and around Edmundston, New Brunswick, Canada. In French, they are called or feminine , and both terms are also used as adjectives, as in Brayon culture, or .) Given their location in New Brunswick, a Canadian Maritime province, they are...

 residents on both the Canadian and American sides took to referring to the region as the Republic of Madawaska
Republic of Madawaska
The Republic of Madawaska was a small, unrecognized state in the northwest corner of Madawaska County, New Brunswick and adjacent areas of Aroostook County in the American state of Maine and of Quebec. The word "Madawaska" comes from the Mi'kmaq words madawas and kak...

. The tradition is carried on to this day, with each mayor of Edmundston being given the title of "President of the Republic of Madawaska". In 1998, Edmundston, Saint-Basile, Saint-Jacques and Verret merged to form the City of Edmundston.

Geography

Edmundston is located at the edge of the New Brunswick "panhandle
Panhandle
A panhandle is an informal geographic term for an elongated arm-like protrusion of a geo-political entity, such as a subnational entity or a sovereign state.-Term:...

," nestled in the northeastern section of the Appalachian Mountains
Appalachian Mountains
The Appalachian Mountains #Whether the stressed vowel is or ,#Whether the "ch" is pronounced as a fricative or an affricate , and#Whether the final vowel is the monophthong or the diphthong .), often called the Appalachians, are a system of mountains in eastern North America. The Appalachians...

 at the junction of the Saint John and Madawaska River
Madawaska River (Saint John)
The Madawaska River flows from Lake Témiscouata in Quebec to join the Saint John River at Edmundston, New Brunswick.The river's name comes from the Algonquian word "Madoueskak", which means "land of the porcupine"....

s in the northwestern part of the province.

Edmundston is strategically situated only a few kilometres from the border with Quebec
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....

 and on the border with the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

, opposite the town of Madawaska
Madawaska, Maine
Madawaska is a town in Aroostook County, Maine, United States. The population was 4,035 at the 2010 census. Madawaska is opposite Edmundston in Madawaska County in New Brunswick, Canada, to which it is connected by the Edmundston-Madawaska Bridge. Today many of its residents speak French; 83.4% of...

, Maine
Maine
Maine is a state in the New England region of the northeastern United States, bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the east and south, New Hampshire to the west, and the Canadian provinces of Quebec to the northwest and New Brunswick to the northeast. Maine is both the northernmost and easternmost...

, to which it is connected by the Edmundston-Madawaska Bridge
Edmundston-Madawaska Bridge
The Edmundston–Madawaska Bridge is an international bridge which connects the cities of Edmundston, New Brunswick in Canada and Madawaska, Maine in the United States, across the Saint John River...

.

Demographics

Population trend
Census Population Change (%)
2006 16,643 4.2%
2001 17,373 2.8%
1996Adj 17,876 38.3%
1996 11,033 1.8%
1991 10,835 N/A


Mother tongue language (2006)
Language Population Pct (%)
French only 15,215 93.46%
English only 750 4.61%
Other languages 215 1.32%
Both English and French 100 0.61%


Census Population
1871 400
1911 1,821
1921 4,035
1931 6,430
1941 7,028
1951 10,753
1961 12,791
1971 12,365
1981 12,044
1991 10,835
2001 17,373
2006 16,643

Edmundston had a population of 16,643 people in 2006, which was a decrease of 4.2% from the 2001 census count (the first post-merger). The median household income in 2005 for Edmundston was $42,551, which is below the New Brunswick provincial average of $45,194.

The city is 95 per cent francophone, the highest of all cities in the province. Edmundston is the third-largest majority-francophone city in North America outside Quebec and Haiti, behind Clarence-Rockland
Clarence-Rockland, Ontario
Clarence-Rockland is a city in Eastern Ontario, Canada, in the United Counties of Prescott and Russell on the Ottawa River. Clarence-Rockland is located immediately to the east of Ottawa and is considered part of Canada's National Capital Region in the census....

, Ontario
Ontario
Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....

, which has a population exceeding 20,000 and is 68 per cent francophone, and Dieppe
Dieppe, New Brunswick
Dieppe is a Canadian city in Westmorland County, New Brunswick.-Geography:Dieppe is located on the Petitcodiac River east of the adjacent city of Moncton...

, which has a population of 18,565 (2006 Census) and is roughly 80 percent francophone. There are higher numbers of francophones in other Canadian cities outside the Province of Quebec such as Ottawa
Ottawa
Ottawa is the capital of Canada, the second largest city in the Province of Ontario, and the fourth largest city in the country. The city is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario...

 (122,665), Sudbury (45,420), Toronto
Toronto
Toronto is the provincial capital of Ontario and the largest city in Canada. It is located in Southern Ontario on the northwestern shore of Lake Ontario. A relatively modern city, Toronto's history dates back to the late-18th century, when its land was first purchased by the British monarchy from...

 (34,900), Winnipeg
Winnipeg
Winnipeg is the capital and largest city of Manitoba, Canada, and is the primary municipality of the Winnipeg Capital Region, with more than half of Manitoba's population. It is located near the longitudinal centre of North America, at the confluence of the Red and Assiniboine Rivers .The name...

 (26,855), Moncton (20,425), Timmins
Timmins
Timmins is a city in northeastern Ontario, Canada on the Mattagami River. At the time of the Canada 2006 Census, Timmins' population was 42,997...

 (17,390) and Edmonton
Edmonton
Edmonton is the capital of the Canadian province of Alberta and is the province's second-largest city. Edmonton is located on the North Saskatchewan River and is the centre of the Edmonton Capital Region, which is surrounded by the central region of the province.The city and its census...

 (15,715), but francophones are a minority group in those cities. Unlike most other francophones living in the Maritimes, most people living in the Edmundston area do not consider themselves Acadians other than for statistical purposes. Most of them descend from French-Canadians who originally came from Lower Canada
Lower Canada
The Province of Lower Canada was a British colony on the lower Saint Lawrence River and the shores of the Gulf of Saint Lawrence...

 (now Quebec
Quebec
Quebec or is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking population and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level....

) along with a few Irish immigrants to settle the area in the century between 1820 and 1920, and absorbed the small group of Acadians who had arrived earlier. Nor do they consider themselves Québécois despite their heritage, mainly due to the politicization of Quebec-specific issues they do not feel concerned with. The local accent (colloquially called "l'accent brayon") is quite unique.

Religion

Christianity
Christianity
Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...

 is the dominant religion of the city's inhabitants, with most residents being Roman Catholics. Moreover, Edmundston gives its name to the episcopal see
Diocese
A diocese is the district or see under the supervision of a bishop. It is divided into parishes.An archdiocese is more significant than a diocese. An archdiocese is presided over by an archbishop whose see may have or had importance due to size or historical significance...

 of the region
Roman Catholic Diocese of Edmundston
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Edmundston, Canada, is a suffragan of the Archdiocese of Moncton.-Ordinaries:*Marie-Antoine Roy, O.F.M. *Joseph-Roméo Gagnon *Fernand Lacroix, C.I.M....

. Edmundston covers four Catholic parishes
Parish
A parish is a territorial unit historically under the pastoral care and clerical jurisdiction of one parish priest, who might be assisted in his pastoral duties by a curate or curates - also priests but not the parish priest - from a more or less central parish church with its associated organization...

. Protestant
Protestantism
Protestantism is one of the three major groupings within Christianity. It is a movement that began in Germany in the early 16th century as a reaction against medieval Roman Catholic doctrines and practices, especially in regards to salvation, justification, and ecclesiology.The doctrines of the...

 denominations established in city include the Anglican Church of Canada
Anglican Church of Canada
The Anglican Church of Canada is the Province of the Anglican Communion in Canada. The official French name is l'Église Anglicane du Canada. The ACC is the third largest church in Canada after the Roman Catholic Church and the United Church of Canada, consisting of 800,000 registered members...

, the United Church of Canada
United Church of Canada
The United Church of Canada is a Protestant Christian denomination in Canada. It is the largest Protestant church and, after the Roman Catholic Church, the second-largest Christian church in Canada...

, the United Pentecostal Church International
United Pentecostal Church International
The United Pentecostal Church International is a Pentecostal Christian denomination, headquartered in the St. Louis suburb of Hazelwood, Missouri. It is a part of the Oneness or "Apostolic" portion of the Pentecostal Movement, and was formed in 1945 by a merger of the former Pentecostal Church,...

 and a French Christian Church called Église de l'Espoir d'Edmundston. A relatively small number (±100) of Muslim immigrants and converts
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...

 live in Edmundston and the surrounding area, practicing in their own community centre or mosque
Mosque
A mosque is a place of worship for followers of Islam. The word is likely to have entered the English language through French , from Portuguese , from Spanish , and from Berber , ultimately originating in — . The Arabic word masjid literally means a place of prostration...

.

Economy

Forestry is one of the city's major industries, with several sawmills and paper plants in the vicinity, the largest being the Twin Rivers pulp mill, formerly owned by Fraser Papers
Fraser Papers
Fraser Papers Inc. is a Toronto, Ontario, Canada-based manufacturer of specialized printing, publishing, and converting papers, with customers in Canada and the US. It manages more than two million acres of forest, operates a tree nursery, and sawmills. It was spun off as a public company in 2004...

. The Edmundston pulp mill is paired with a Fraser paper mill directly across the Saint John River in Madawaska, Maine, through which liquified pulp slurry is piped - the only such installation anywhere along the Canada-United States border.

An illuminated sign and plastics manufacture owned by Pattison Sign
Jim Pattison Group
The Jim Pattison Group is Canada’s third largest privately held company and, in a recent survey by the Financial Post, The Jim Pattison Group was ranked as Canada’s 62nd largest company. Jim Pattison, a Vancouver-based entrepreneur is the Chairman, President, CEO, and sole owner of the Jim Pattison...

 is also important to the city's economy.

Arts and culture

Every June, Edmundston plays host to the Festival Jazz et Blues d'Edmundston (the Edmundston Jazz and Blues Festival).

Every year in August, there is a large cultural festival in Edmundston called the Foire Brayonne
Foire Brayonne
The Foire Brayonne is a music and cultural festival held each summer in Edmundston, New Brunswick since 1979. The Foire is often considered the biggest French festival held in Canada outside the province of Quebec. Next year's festival will be held at the end of July of 2011-History:The first...

. The festival is one of the biggest French themed festivals held in Canada east of the province of Quebec.

Attractions

Edmundston hosts two provincial historial sites:
  1. Cathedral of Immaculate Conception: Built in 1924, the cathedral
    Cathedral
    A cathedral is a Christian church that contains the seat of a bishop...

    's architectural is said to be a synthesis of Roman and Gothic styles. Its granite facade
    Facade
    A facade or façade is generally one exterior side of a building, usually, but not always, the front. The word comes from the French language, literally meaning "frontage" or "face"....

     has been recently restored
    Building restoration
    Building restoration describes a particular treatment approach and philosophy within the field of architectural conservation. According the U.S...

    , and can accommodate more than 1200 people.
  2. Fortin du Petit-Sault: Erected at the culmination of the boundary disputes between the United States of America and British North America (an international conflict known as Aroostook War
    Aroostook War
    The Aroostook War was an undeclared nonviolent confrontation in 1838/1839 between the United States and Great Britain over the international boundary between British North America and Maine. The compromise resolution win a mutually accepted border between the state of Maine and the provinces of...

    ) in 1841 prior to the signing of the Webster-Ashburton Treaty
    Webster-Ashburton Treaty
    The Webster–Ashburton Treaty, signed August 9, 1842, was a treaty resolving several border issues between the United States and the British North American colonies...

    . This small fort was rebuilt in 2000.


Other tourist attractions include Les Jardins de la République, an 18-hole golf
Golf
Golf is a precision club and ball sport, in which competing players use many types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a golf course using the fewest number of strokes....

 course, a pedestrian downtown with a number of retail stores, restaurants, Bed and Breakfasts and a hotel. There is also a convention centre in downtown, the Museum of The Automobile and Madawaska Historic Museum.
The New Brunswick Botanical Garden
New Brunswick Botanical Garden
The New Brunswick Botanical Garden is a provincial park located in suburban Saint-Jacques near Edmundston, New Brunswick. Situated on next to the Madawaska River, it has more than 80,000 plants, making it the largest arboretum east of Montreal. The Botanical Garden opens in early May and is open...

is in suburban Saint-Jacques, on seven hectares with over 80,000 plants, making it the largest arboretum
Arboretum
An arboretum in a narrow sense is a collection of trees only. Related collections include a fruticetum , and a viticetum, a collection of vines. More commonly, today, an arboretum is a botanical garden containing living collections of woody plants intended at least partly for scientific study...

 east of Montreal
Montreal
Montreal is a city in Canada. It is the largest city in the province of Quebec, the second-largest city in Canada and the seventh largest in North America...

.

Government

The offices of the Member of Parliament
Parliament of Canada
The Parliament of Canada is the federal legislative branch of Canada, seated at Parliament Hill in the national capital, Ottawa. Formally, the body consists of the Canadian monarch—represented by her governor general—the Senate, and the House of Commons, each element having its own officers and...

 for the federal riding of Madawaska—Restigouche
Madawaska—Restigouche
Madawaska—Restigouche is a federal electoral district in New Brunswick, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 1997...

 (Bernard Valcourt
Bernard Valcourt
Bernard Valcourt, PC is a Canadian politician and lawyer.-Entrance to politics:Valcourt was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons as a Progressive Conservative candidate in the 1984 election that brought Brian Mulroney to power. He was appointed to the Canadian Cabinet in 1986 as a...

), and the Member of the Legislative Assembly
Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick
The Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick is located in Fredericton. It was established de jure when the colony was created in 1784, but only came in to session in 1786 following the first elections in late 1785. Until 1891, it was the lower house in a bicameral legislature when its upper house...

 for the provincial riding of Edmundston-Saint Basile
Edmundston-Saint Basile
Edmundston-Saint Basile is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick, Canada.It was created as Edmundston in 1967 and was unchanged in the 1973 and 1994...

 (Madeleine Dubé
Madeleine Dubé
Madeleine "Mado" Dubé, is a New Brunswick social worker and politician.Dubé has a bachelor degree in social work from l'Université de Moncton and worked for the New Brunswick government as a social worker prior to starting her own business focussing on human development...

) is located in downtown Edmundston.

Education

The city has two francophone K-8 schools, an anglophone K-12 school, a francophone high school
Cité des Jeunes A.-M.-Sormany
La Cité des Jeunes A.-M.-Sormany is a Francophone high school in Edmundston, New Brunswick, Canada.It was named after Dr. Albert M. Sormany.-Vision, Mission and Values:Vision:...

, a community college campus affiliated with the New Brunswick Community College
New Brunswick Community College
The New Brunswick Community College is a community college. The enabling legislation is the New Brunswick Community Colleges Act ..-Campus:There are campuses in:#Miramichi,#Moncton,#Saint John,#St...

, and a university campus affiliated with the University of Moncton
Université de Moncton
The Université de Moncton is a French language university located in Moncton, New Brunswick serving the Acadian community of Atlantic Canada...

.

Media

Edmundston is served by five newspapers: Le Madawaska, L'Étoile - Édition La République, L'Acadie Nouvelle
L'Acadie Nouvelle
L'Acadie Nouvelle is an independent French newspaper published in Caraquet, New Brunswick, Canada since June 6, 1984. It is published from Monday through Saturday and is the only francophone newspaper published in New Brunswick.- History :...

, The Telegraph Journal and Info Weekend), two local radio stations (CJEM-FM
CJEM-FM
CJEM-FM is a Canadian radio station in Edmundston, New Brunswick, broadcasting on 92.7 FM with a power of 40,750 watts. The station plays an adult contemporary format. CJEM also has a repeat transmitter, CKMV, located in Grand Falls broadcasting at 95.1 MHz.The station is owned by Radio...

, CFAI-FM
CFAI-FM
CFAI-FM is a Canadian radio station in Edmundston, New Brunswick broadcasting on 101.1 FM. The station plays an active rock format and is branded as CFAI 101.1 / 105.1...

) and a regional bureau of Radio-Canada
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation
The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, commonly known as CBC and officially as CBC/Radio-Canada, is a Canadian crown corporation that serves as the national public radio and television broadcaster...

.

The area also receives the French Canadian newspapers Le Journal de Québec
Le Journal de Québec
Le Journal de Québec is a French-language daily newspaper in Quebec City, Quebec . The newspaper is printed in tabloid format and has a the highest circulation for a Quebec City newspaper, with its closest competitor being Le Soleil....

 and Le Soleil
Le Soleil
Le Soleil is a French-language daily newspaper in Quebec City, Quebec. It was founded on December 28, 1896 and is published in compact format since April 2006...

 which will cover notable events in the region.

Notable people from Edmundston

  • Maurice Bolyer
    Maurice Bolyer
    Maurice Bolyer , born Maurice Beaulieu, was a composer and musician known as “Canada's King of the Banjo”.Bolyer was born in Edmundston, New Brunswick, Canada...

     (born Beaulieu), banjo player who appeared on The Tommy Hunter Show
    Tommy Hunter
    Thomas James "Tommy" Hunter, CM, O.Ont is a Canadian country music performer, known as "Canada's Country Gentleman".-Career:...

    .
  • Cédrick Desjardins
    Cédrick Desjardins
    Cédrick Desjardins is a Canadian professional ice hockey goaltender currently with the Colorado Avalanche organization of the National Hockey League.-Playing career:...

    , hockey goaltender, plays for the Tampa Bay Lightning
    Tampa Bay Lightning
    The Tampa Bay Lightning are a professional ice hockey team based in Tampa, Florida. They are members of the Southeast Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League . They have one Stanley Cup championship in their history, in 2003–04. They are often referred to as the...

     affiliate in the AHL
    American Hockey League
    The American Hockey League is a 30-team professional ice hockey league based in the United States and Canada that serves as the primary developmental circuit for the National Hockey League...

    .
  • Dave Hilton, Sr.
    Dave Hilton, Sr.
    Dave Hilton, Sr. was a professional boxer who won a Canadian championship in three different weight divisions....

    , professional boxer who won a Canadian championship in three different weight divisions.
  • Ty LaForest
    Ty LaForest
    Byron Joseph "Ty" LaForest was a Canadian professional baseball player. He was born in Edmundston, New Brunswick.LaForest is one of many ballplayers who only appeared in the major leagues during World War II....

    , Major League Baseball player who played with the Boston Red Sox
    Boston Red Sox
    The Boston Red Sox are a professional baseball team based in Boston, Massachusetts, and a member of Major League Baseball’s American League Eastern Division. Founded in as one of the American League's eight charter franchises, the Red Sox's home ballpark has been Fenway Park since . The "Red Sox"...

    .
  • Maryse Ouellet
    Maryse Ouellet
    Maryse Ouellet is a Professional Glamour Model and a former professional wrestler, better known simply as Maryse. She most recently worked for WWE...

    , professional wrestler and former 2 time WWE Divas Champion
    WWE Divas Championship
    The WWE Diva's Championship is a unified professional wrestling championship in WWE. It is competed for by WWE Divas. The championship was created by WWE in 2008, and was introduced in storyline by then-SmackDown General Manager Vickie Guerrero as an alternative to Raw's Women's Championship...

    .
  • Natasha St-Pier
    Natasha St-Pier
    Natasha St Pier is a Canadian pop singer.-Career:Natasha St Pier released her first album, Émergence, in 1996, produced by composer/producer Steve Barakatt...

    , singer, better known in France.
  • Shawn Sawyer
    Shawn Sawyer
    Shawn Sawyer is a Canadian figure skater. He is the 2011 Canadian national silver medalist and a three-time Canadian national bronze medalist. He represented Canada in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy finishing 12th overall...

    , figure skater, finished 12th overall at the XXth Winter Olympics held in Turin, Italy.
  • Bernard Valcourt
    Bernard Valcourt
    Bernard Valcourt, PC is a Canadian politician and lawyer.-Entrance to politics:Valcourt was first elected to the Canadian House of Commons as a Progressive Conservative candidate in the 1984 election that brought Brian Mulroney to power. He was appointed to the Canadian Cabinet in 1986 as a...

    , federal politician.
  • Roch Voisine
    Roch Voisine
    Joseph Armand Roch Voisine, OC better known as Roch Voisine, is a Canadian Acadian singer-songwriter, actor, and radio and television host...

    , singer, actor (born and raised in St-Basile).

External links






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