Elections in the Philippines
Encyclopedia
The Philippines
elects on national level
a head of state
(the President
) and a legislature
. The president is elected for a six-year term by the people. The vice-president is elected at the same time on a separate ballot. The Philippines elects on a local level governors, vice governors, board members, mayors up to the barangay
officials and the Sangguniang Kabataan
or youth council members which is mandated in the current Constitution of the Philippines
and the Local Government Code of 1991.
The Congress
or Kongreso has two chambers
. The House of Representatives
or Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan has currently 240 seats elected for three-year terms, of which 212 seats are contested in single seat constituencies and, 23 are allotted to party-lists according to a formula, which are only accessible to marginalized and under-represented groups and parties. The Philippine constitution prohibits the House of Representatives to have more than 250 members. The Senate
or Senado has 24 members who are elected for six-year terms at-large and do not represent any geographical district. Half of the Senate is renewed every three years.
The Philippines has a multi-party system, with numerous parties
in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties
must work with each other to form a coalition government
. The Commission on Elections
(COMELEC) is responsible for running the elections.
Under the Constitution, general elections for the President, Vice President, Congress and local officials occurs after the President and Vice President finishes their terms. While the Congressional elections occurs on mid-term of the incumbent President. Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections are now done at the same time after the Congressional elections.
People aged 15 to 18 may vote in Sangguniang Kabataan
elections. Same with their adult counterparts, the COMELEC has a registration period a few months prior to the election.
Prior to the 2010 elections
, voters have to write the names of the candidates next to the positions in which they are running. COMELEC-approved nicknames maybe used by the voters in writing the names. After the polling period ends, the Board of Election Inspectors (or the teachers manning the polling precinct) counts the ballots by hand. Once all the ballots are counted, they'd accomplish he election returns that will be sent to the city or municipal Board of Canvassers, political parties and other groups. For the 2010 election, the voters shaded the oval before their chosen candidate's name, and a voting machine
automatically counts each ballot as it is fed into it. The results will then be printed as the election return and sent electronically to the city or municipal Board of Canvassers as stated below.
The city or municipal Board of Canvassers canvasses the votes from all polling precincts within their jurisdiction and prepares two documents: a Statement of Votes (SOV) in which all votes from all candidates in all positions per precinct is listed; and a Certificate of Canvass (COC), a document showing the vote totals of all candidates within the Board of Canvassers' jurisdiction.
If the city or municipal Board of Canvassers' jurisdiction is an independent city with its own congressional district, they will send their SOV and COC to the national Board of Canvassers (the COMELEC for senate and party-list elections, Congress
for presidential and vice presidential elections). If it is otherwise, they will send their SOV and COC to the provincial Board of Canvassers where the votes as stated from the city or municipal COC will be canvassed. The provincial Board of Canvassers sends their SOV and COC to the national Board of Canvassers once canvassing is done. The national Board of Canvassers then canvasses all COCs and declares the winners for national positions.
officials are not elected are called "midterm election
s"; Election Days in which the president and vice president are elected are called "presidential elections." Barangay-level officials, although are currently elected in the same year as the other officials, are elected separately the succeeding months (see below).
From 1949 to 1971, election days are held every second Tuesday of November of every odd-numbered year with the presidential and vice presidential election held the every fourth year starting from 1951.
Barangay
-level elections, starting from 2007, are to be held every three years during the last Monday of October, although these elections are frequently postponed (and incumbents' terms are extended) as a cost-saving measure. Elections for the positions in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
(ARMM), starting from 2005, are to be held every three years during the second Monday of August.
Plebiscites (such as the creation of cities and provinces) are scheduled after an organic act
is signed by the president, same for referendum
s.
For recall election
s, only elected local government officials can be recalled. A recall election is held after a passage of resolution by the preparatory recall assembly in each local government unit, or by a petition of at least 25% of registered voters in each local government unit as certified by the local election registrar. The commission will schedule a recall election once either a resolution has been filed or a petition has been certified. A recall election can only be held a year after an election and a year before the next scheduled election.
In a presidential election year, a voter may vote for as much as 34 names and a party-list organization. In ARMM elections, a voter may vote for five names, and in barangay elections, a voter may vote for eight names. A voter for the Sangguniang Kabataan
(SK, youth council) may vote for eight names; currently, SK voters are aged 15 to 18 years old with only the SK voters aged 18 years old may vote for other barangay officials.
the position; there is no run-off election, and the president and vice president may come from different parties.
in every election. The voter may not complete the twelve votes for the Senate, but s/he must not surpass the twelve votes or else his/her ballot for that position will be nullified. With the entire country as one at-large
district, the twelve candidates with the most number of votes
are elected. This is often not proportional
to the results.
From 1951 to 1971, instead of 12 senators elected every three years, the electorate voted for eight senators every two years in the same format. From 1941 to 1949, all elections to the senate were by block voting: the voters may write a name for every seat contested, or they can write the name of the party, which would then give all of the voters' votes
to that party's ticket. Compounded with the Nacionalista Party
's dominance, this caused a sweep of 24 seats for them in 1941
. From 1916 to 1934, voting was via senatorial districts
; voters vote for one candidate every three years, except for the first election in 1916 where they'd vote for two candidates; the second-placed candidate would only serve for three years.
.
A voter may elect a representative from the congressional district
of residence. The candidate with the highest number of votes in a district wins that district's seat.
A voter may also elect a party-list organization. The voter votes for the party, not for the candidate
, and the voter is restricted to one vote. All votes are tallied in an at-large
basis, and parties with at least 2% of the vote wins at least one seat in the House. A further two more seats will be granted if there are still spare seats (the party-list representatives comprise 20% of the House), and if there are still unfilled seats, the parties with less than 2% of the vote will get one seat each in descending order until all seats are filled. A party-list organization is limited to represented marginalized sectors in the society such as the youth, laborers, women, and the like.
Previously, the calculation for the winners in the party-list election was different: the winning parties should have 2% of the national vote and are awarded one seat; any additional 2% is given an additional seat until the maximum of three seats per party is filled up. Since only several parties surpassed the 2% election threshold
, the number of party-list representatives was always less than 20% of the House's membership.
The party-list system was first used in 1998; from 1987 to 1995, the president with the concurrence of the Commission on Appointments, appointed the sectoral representatives. Sectoral representatives were first elected during 1978
.
If the city the voter is residing in a highly urbanized city, the voter can not vote for any of the provincial-level positions.
The Sangguniang Panlalawigan
(provincial board), Sangguniang Panlungsod
(city council) and Sangguniang Bayan
(municipal council)'s manner of election is identical with that of the Senate. In some cities and provinces, they are split into districts (not necessarily the same as the congressional district) in which separate board members/council members are elected.
Barangay elections are held every three years, although usually not in the same time as elections for other positions. Terms of incumbent barangay officials are often extended when Congress suspend the barangay elections as a cost-saving measure. The barangay-level positions are:
The manner of election of the Sangguniang Kabataan in the barangay is identical to the one used in the Senate. Each barangay is entitled to one SK. The barangay SK chairpersons in a city or municipality elect amongst themselves a president that will sit as an ex-officio member of the city or municipal council. The city (if applicable) and municipal SK presidents then elect amongst themselves a president that will sit in the provincial board as an ex-officio member. Finally, provincial and city (which are not under the jurisdiction of a province) chairpersons elect amongst themselves the SK national federation president that will sit as an ex-officio member of the National Youth Commission.
The manner of representation of the different barangay chairmen in the municipal, city and provincial legislatures as ex-officio members is identical with the way how the SK chairpersons are represented; the provincial and city (which are not under the jurisdiction of a province) chairpersons elect amongst themselves the president of the National League of the Barangays (Liga ng mga Barangay
).
s do not exist in the Philippines. The leaders of the various political parties select the candidates themselves, and party membership is liquid. In some cases, if a politician is not chosen to be a candidate, he can join another party (such as Ferdinand Marcos
, a Liberal, jumped ship to the Nacionalistas in 1965 when the Liberals picked incumbent Diosdado Macapagal
as their presidential candidate), or create their own party (such as Fidel Ramos, when he created the Lakas ng Tao (now Lakas Kampi CMD) after the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
chose Ramon Mitra
as their presidential candidate in 1992).
`
Philippines
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines , is a country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam...
elects on national level
Election Process in the Philippines
The Philippines is a functioning democracy, though popular protests have forced out two presidents in almost more than 20 years: first, Ferdinand Marcos in 1986 for alleged electoral manipulation and second, Joseph Estrada in 2001 for allegedly plundering the economy.The country’s politics have...
a head of state
Head of State
A head of state is the individual that serves as the chief public representative of a monarchy, republic, federation, commonwealth or other kind of state. His or her role generally includes legitimizing the state and exercising the political powers, functions, and duties granted to the head of...
(the President
President of the Philippines
The President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
) and a legislature
Legislature
A legislature is a kind of deliberative assembly with the power to pass, amend, and repeal laws. The law created by a legislature is called legislation or statutory law. In addition to enacting laws, legislatures usually have exclusive authority to raise or lower taxes and adopt the budget and...
. The president is elected for a six-year term by the people. The vice-president is elected at the same time on a separate ballot. The Philippines elects on a local level governors, vice governors, board members, mayors up to the barangay
Barangay
A barangay is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward...
officials and the Sangguniang Kabataan
Sangguniang Kabataan
The Sangguniang Kabataan is the governing body in every chapter of the Katipunan ng Kabataan . Each barangay in the Philippines is mandated by law to have its own chapter of the Katipunan ng Kabataan, aging from 15 to 18 years old who resides in their respective barangays for at least 6months...
or youth council members which is mandated in the current Constitution of the Philippines
Constitution of the Philippines
The Constitution of the Philippines is the supreme law of the Philippines.The Constitution currently in effect was enacted in 1987, during the administration of President Corazon Aquino, and is popularly known as the "1987 Constitution"...
and the Local Government Code of 1991.
The Congress
Congress of the Philippines
The Congress of the Philippines is the national legislature of the Republic of the Philippines. It is a bicameral body consisting of the Senate , and the House of Representatives although commonly in the Philippines the term congress refers to the latter.The Senate is composed of 24 senators half...
or Kongreso has two chambers
Bicameralism
In the government, bicameralism is the practice of having two legislative or parliamentary chambers. Thus, a bicameral parliament or bicameral legislature is a legislature which consists of two chambers or houses....
. The House of Representatives
House of Representatives of the Philippines
The House of Representatives of the Philippines is the lower chamber of the...
or Kapulungan ng mga Kinatawan has currently 240 seats elected for three-year terms, of which 212 seats are contested in single seat constituencies and, 23 are allotted to party-lists according to a formula, which are only accessible to marginalized and under-represented groups and parties. The Philippine constitution prohibits the House of Representatives to have more than 250 members. The Senate
Senate of the Philippines
The Senate of the Philippines is the upper chamber of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, the Congress of the Philippines...
or Senado has 24 members who are elected for six-year terms at-large and do not represent any geographical district. Half of the Senate is renewed every three years.
The Philippines has a multi-party system, with numerous parties
Political party
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
in which no one party often has a chance of gaining power alone, and parties
Political Parties
Political Parties: A Sociological Study of the Oligarchical Tendencies of Modern Democracy is a book by sociologist Robert Michels, published in 1911 , and first introducing the concept of iron law of oligarchy...
must work with each other to form a coalition government
Coalition government
A coalition government is a cabinet of a parliamentary government in which several political parties cooperate. The usual reason given for this arrangement is that no party on its own can achieve a majority in the parliament...
. The Commission on Elections
Commission on Elections (Philippines)
The Commission on Elections, or COMELEC, is one of the three constitutional commissions of the Philippines. Its principal role is to enforce all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of elections, initiatives, referendums, and recalls....
(COMELEC) is responsible for running the elections.
Under the Constitution, general elections for the President, Vice President, Congress and local officials occurs after the President and Vice President finishes their terms. While the Congressional elections occurs on mid-term of the incumbent President. Barangay and Sangguniang Kabataan elections are now done at the same time after the Congressional elections.
Qualification
Every citizen above the age of 18 on Election Day may vote. In order to actually vote, a citizen may have to register. The COMELEC has a registration period a few months prior to the election. Those who are not registered will not appear on the voters' list and is ineligible to vote despite being qualified to do so.People aged 15 to 18 may vote in Sangguniang Kabataan
Sangguniang Kabataan
The Sangguniang Kabataan is the governing body in every chapter of the Katipunan ng Kabataan . Each barangay in the Philippines is mandated by law to have its own chapter of the Katipunan ng Kabataan, aging from 15 to 18 years old who resides in their respective barangays for at least 6months...
elections. Same with their adult counterparts, the COMELEC has a registration period a few months prior to the election.
Absentee voters
Absentee voters are divided into two types: local and overseas absentee voters. Local absentee voters include people who are working during Election Day per se, such as soldiers, policemen, government employees and the like. Overseas absentee voters refer to Filipinos residing abroad. They are eligible to vote on national positions only (president, vice president, senators and the party-list representative). Overseas absentee voters may vote in Philippine embassies and consulates, and voting begins as early as a few months prior to the election.Process
Once a registered voter finds his name in the voters' list and locates the correct precinct, he may queue in line for the distribution of the ballot.Prior to the 2010 elections
Philippine general election, 2010
Elections for all positions in the Philippines above the barangay were held on Monday, May 10, 2010. The elected president will become the 15th President of the Philippines, succeeding President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who is barred from seeking re-election due to term restrictions...
, voters have to write the names of the candidates next to the positions in which they are running. COMELEC-approved nicknames maybe used by the voters in writing the names. After the polling period ends, the Board of Election Inspectors (or the teachers manning the polling precinct) counts the ballots by hand. Once all the ballots are counted, they'd accomplish he election returns that will be sent to the city or municipal Board of Canvassers, political parties and other groups. For the 2010 election, the voters shaded the oval before their chosen candidate's name, and a voting machine
Voting machine
Voting machines are the total combination of mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic equipment , that is used to define ballots; to cast and count votes; to report or display election results; and to maintain and produce any audit trail information...
automatically counts each ballot as it is fed into it. The results will then be printed as the election return and sent electronically to the city or municipal Board of Canvassers as stated below.
The city or municipal Board of Canvassers canvasses the votes from all polling precincts within their jurisdiction and prepares two documents: a Statement of Votes (SOV) in which all votes from all candidates in all positions per precinct is listed; and a Certificate of Canvass (COC), a document showing the vote totals of all candidates within the Board of Canvassers' jurisdiction.
If the city or municipal Board of Canvassers' jurisdiction is an independent city with its own congressional district, they will send their SOV and COC to the national Board of Canvassers (the COMELEC for senate and party-list elections, Congress
Congress of the Philippines
The Congress of the Philippines is the national legislature of the Republic of the Philippines. It is a bicameral body consisting of the Senate , and the House of Representatives although commonly in the Philippines the term congress refers to the latter.The Senate is composed of 24 senators half...
for presidential and vice presidential elections). If it is otherwise, they will send their SOV and COC to the provincial Board of Canvassers where the votes as stated from the city or municipal COC will be canvassed. The provincial Board of Canvassers sends their SOV and COC to the national Board of Canvassers once canvassing is done. The national Board of Canvassers then canvasses all COCs and declares the winners for national positions.
Fixed-term elections
National and local elections are held every on the second Monday of May every third year starting 1992. The presidential and vice presidential elections are held every six years. Election Days in which the president and vice president and barangayBarangay
A barangay is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward...
officials are not elected are called "midterm election
Midterm election
Midterm elections in the United States refer to general elections in the United States that are held two years after the quadrennial elections for the President of the United States...
s"; Election Days in which the president and vice president are elected are called "presidential elections." Barangay-level officials, although are currently elected in the same year as the other officials, are elected separately the succeeding months (see below).
From 1949 to 1971, election days are held every second Tuesday of November of every odd-numbered year with the presidential and vice presidential election held the every fourth year starting from 1951.
Barangay
Barangay
A barangay is the smallest administrative division in the Philippines and is the native Filipino term for a village, district or ward...
-level elections, starting from 2007, are to be held every three years during the last Monday of October, although these elections are frequently postponed (and incumbents' terms are extended) as a cost-saving measure. Elections for the positions in the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao
The Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao is the region, located in the Mindanao island group of the Philippines, that is composed of predominantly Muslim provinces, namely: Basilan , Lanao del Sur, Maguindanao, Sulu and Tawi-Tawi. It is the only region that has its own government...
(ARMM), starting from 2005, are to be held every three years during the second Monday of August.
| Position | 2007 | 2008 | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | Midterm (May) Barangay (October) |
ARMM | None | Presidential (May) Barangay (October) |
ARMM | None | Midterm (May) Barangay (October) |
| President and vice president |
No | President and vice president | None | ||||
| Senate | Seats contested during odd-numbered years (12 seats) | None | Seats contested during even-numbered years (12 seats) | None | Seats contested during odd-numbered years (12 seats) | ||
| House | All seats | None | All seats | None | All seats | ||
| ARMM | No | All positions | None | All positions | None | ||
| Provinces, cities and municipalities | All positions | None | All positions | None | All positions | ||
| Barangays | All positions | None | All positions | None | All positions | ||
Other elections
Special elections are of two types: elections which are rescheduled after a failure of election held in regular days (ranging from a day up to a few months after the regularly scheduled election), and those which are scheduled to fill up a vacancy in an elective office, usually on a variable weekday.Plebiscites (such as the creation of cities and provinces) are scheduled after an organic act
Organic Act
An Organic Act, in United States law, is an Act of the United States Congress that establishes a territory of the United States or an agency to manage certain federal lands. The first such act was the Northwest Ordinance, enacted by the Congress of the Confederation in 1787 in order to create the...
is signed by the president, same for referendum
Referendum
A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy. It is a form of...
s.
For recall election
Recall election
A recall election is a procedure by which voters can remove an elected official from office through a direct vote before his or her term has ended...
s, only elected local government officials can be recalled. A recall election is held after a passage of resolution by the preparatory recall assembly in each local government unit, or by a petition of at least 25% of registered voters in each local government unit as certified by the local election registrar. The commission will schedule a recall election once either a resolution has been filed or a petition has been certified. A recall election can only be held a year after an election and a year before the next scheduled election.
Elective positions
| Position | Number |
|---|---|
| President | 1 |
| Vice president | 1 |
| Senators | 12 |
| House of Representatives (district) | 1 |
| House of Representatives (party-list) | 1 |
| Governor | 1* |
| Vice governor | 1* |
| Board members | 1 to 7* |
| Mayor | 1 |
| Vice mayor | 1 |
| Councilors | 4 to 12 |
| Total presidential | 22 to 39 |
| Total midterm | 20 to 37 |
| Regional governor | 1 |
| Regional vice governor | 1 |
| Regional assemblymen | 3 |
| Total ARMM | 5 |
| Barangay captain | 1 |
| Barangay councilor (kagawad) | 7 |
| Total barangay | 8 |
| SK chairman | 1 |
| SK councilor (kagawad) | 7 |
| Total SK | 8 |
| *Some cities do not elect provincial officials. | |
In a presidential election year, a voter may vote for as much as 34 names and a party-list organization. In ARMM elections, a voter may vote for five names, and in barangay elections, a voter may vote for eight names. A voter for the Sangguniang Kabataan
Sangguniang Kabataan
The Sangguniang Kabataan is the governing body in every chapter of the Katipunan ng Kabataan . Each barangay in the Philippines is mandated by law to have its own chapter of the Katipunan ng Kabataan, aging from 15 to 18 years old who resides in their respective barangays for at least 6months...
(SK, youth council) may vote for eight names; currently, SK voters are aged 15 to 18 years old with only the SK voters aged 18 years old may vote for other barangay officials.
President and vice president
Each voter is entitled to one vote each for the duration of the election. The voter may split their ticket. The candidate with the most votes winsFirst-past-the-post
First-past-the-post voting refers to an election won by the candidate with the most votes. The winning potato candidate does not necessarily receive an absolute majority of all votes cast.-Overview:...
the position; there is no run-off election, and the president and vice president may come from different parties.
Senators
The Senate has 24 members, and 12 members are elected every election; hence, each voter is entitled to twelve votes for the SenateSenate of the Philippines
The Senate of the Philippines is the upper chamber of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, the Congress of the Philippines...
in every election. The voter may not complete the twelve votes for the Senate, but s/he must not surpass the twelve votes or else his/her ballot for that position will be nullified. With the entire country as one at-large
At-Large
At-large is a designation for representative members of a governing body who are elected or appointed to represent the whole membership of the body , rather than a subset of that membership...
district, the twelve candidates with the most number of votes
Plurality-at-large voting
Plurality-at-large voting is a non-proportional voting system for electing several representatives from a single multimember electoral district using a series of check boxes and tallying votes similar to a plurality election...
are elected. This is often not proportional
Proportional representation
Proportional representation is a concept in voting systems used to elect an assembly or council. PR means that the number of seats won by a party or group of candidates is proportionate to the number of votes received. For example, under a PR voting system if 30% of voters support a particular...
to the results.
From 1951 to 1971, instead of 12 senators elected every three years, the electorate voted for eight senators every two years in the same format. From 1941 to 1949, all elections to the senate were by block voting: the voters may write a name for every seat contested, or they can write the name of the party, which would then give all of the voters' votes
General ticket
General ticket representation is a term used to describe a particular method of electing members of a multi-member state delegation to the United States House of Representatives...
to that party's ticket. Compounded with the Nacionalista Party
Nacionalista Party
The Nacionalista Party is the oldest political party in the Philippines today and was responsible for leading the country throughout the majority of the 20th century since its founding in 1907...
's dominance, this caused a sweep of 24 seats for them in 1941
Philippine Senate election, 1941
Election to the Senate were held on November 11, 1941 in the Philippines. The Senate was re-instituted after amendments to the constitution restored the bicameral legislature last used in 1935....
. From 1916 to 1934, voting was via senatorial districts
Senatorial districts of the Philippines
The Senatorial districts of the Philippines were the representations of the provinces of the Philippines in the Philippine Senate from 1916 to 1935.-History:...
; voters vote for one candidate every three years, except for the first election in 1916 where they'd vote for two candidates; the second-placed candidate would only serve for three years.
House of Representatives
Each voter has two votes in the House of RepresentativesHouse of Representatives of the Philippines
The House of Representatives of the Philippines is the lower chamber of the...
.
A voter may elect a representative from the congressional district
Legislative districts of the Philippines
The Legislative districts of the Philippines are the division are the representations of the Philippines' provinces and cities in the House of Representatives. The first composition of legislative districts were enshrined in the Ordinance appended to the Constitution...
of residence. The candidate with the highest number of votes in a district wins that district's seat.
A voter may also elect a party-list organization. The voter votes for the party, not for the candidate
Closed list
Closed list describes the variant of party-list proportional representation where voters can only vote for political parties as a whole and thus have no influence on the party-supplied order in which party candidates are elected...
, and the voter is restricted to one vote. All votes are tallied in an at-large
At-Large
At-large is a designation for representative members of a governing body who are elected or appointed to represent the whole membership of the body , rather than a subset of that membership...
basis, and parties with at least 2% of the vote wins at least one seat in the House. A further two more seats will be granted if there are still spare seats (the party-list representatives comprise 20% of the House), and if there are still unfilled seats, the parties with less than 2% of the vote will get one seat each in descending order until all seats are filled. A party-list organization is limited to represented marginalized sectors in the society such as the youth, laborers, women, and the like.
Previously, the calculation for the winners in the party-list election was different: the winning parties should have 2% of the national vote and are awarded one seat; any additional 2% is given an additional seat until the maximum of three seats per party is filled up. Since only several parties surpassed the 2% election threshold
Election threshold
In party-list proportional representation systems, an election threshold is a clause that stipulates that a party must receive a minimum percentage of votes, either nationally or within a particular district, to obtain any seats in the parliament...
, the number of party-list representatives was always less than 20% of the House's membership.
The party-list system was first used in 1998; from 1987 to 1995, the president with the concurrence of the Commission on Appointments, appointed the sectoral representatives. Sectoral representatives were first elected during 1978
Philippine parliamentary sectoral election, 1978
-Further reading:* Philippine Commission on Elections — Records and Statistics Division*Philippine House of Representatives Congressional Library...
.
Local positions
Synchronized with the national elections are the local elections. The voter may vote for any of the following:- Provincial-level:
- One governor
- One vice governor
- One to seven Sangguniang PanlalawiganSangguniang PanlalawiganThe Sangguniang Panlalawigan is the legislature of all provinces in the Philippines. It passes ordinances and resolutions for the effective administration of the province...
members (provincial board)
- City- or municipal-level:
- One mayor
- One vice mayor
- Four to twelve Sangguniang PanlungsodSangguniang PanlungsodThe Sangguniang Panlungsod is the local legislative branch of city governments in the Philippines. The term is coined from the Tagalog words "sanggunian" and "lungsod" which means "city council". It passes ordinances and resolutions for the administration of the city. Its powers are defined by the...
/Sangguniang BayanSangguniang BayanThe Sangguniang Bayan is the legislature of municipal governments in the Philippines. It passes ordinances and resolutions for the effective administration of the municipality...
members (city or municipal council, respectively)
If the city the voter is residing in a highly urbanized city, the voter can not vote for any of the provincial-level positions.
The Sangguniang Panlalawigan
Sangguniang Panlalawigan
The Sangguniang Panlalawigan is the legislature of all provinces in the Philippines. It passes ordinances and resolutions for the effective administration of the province...
(provincial board), Sangguniang Panlungsod
Sangguniang Panlungsod
The Sangguniang Panlungsod is the local legislative branch of city governments in the Philippines. The term is coined from the Tagalog words "sanggunian" and "lungsod" which means "city council". It passes ordinances and resolutions for the administration of the city. Its powers are defined by the...
(city council) and Sangguniang Bayan
Sangguniang Bayan
The Sangguniang Bayan is the legislature of municipal governments in the Philippines. It passes ordinances and resolutions for the effective administration of the municipality...
(municipal council)'s manner of election is identical with that of the Senate. In some cities and provinces, they are split into districts (not necessarily the same as the congressional district) in which separate board members/council members are elected.
Barangay elections are held every three years, although usually not in the same time as elections for other positions. Terms of incumbent barangay officials are often extended when Congress suspend the barangay elections as a cost-saving measure. The barangay-level positions are:
- One barangay captain
- Seven barangay kagawads (councilors)
- One Sangguniang KabataanSangguniang KabataanThe Sangguniang Kabataan is the governing body in every chapter of the Katipunan ng Kabataan . Each barangay in the Philippines is mandated by law to have its own chapter of the Katipunan ng Kabataan, aging from 15 to 18 years old who resides in their respective barangays for at least 6months...
(SK) chairperson (youth council chairperson) - Seven SK kagawads (councilors)
The manner of election of the Sangguniang Kabataan in the barangay is identical to the one used in the Senate. Each barangay is entitled to one SK. The barangay SK chairpersons in a city or municipality elect amongst themselves a president that will sit as an ex-officio member of the city or municipal council. The city (if applicable) and municipal SK presidents then elect amongst themselves a president that will sit in the provincial board as an ex-officio member. Finally, provincial and city (which are not under the jurisdiction of a province) chairpersons elect amongst themselves the SK national federation president that will sit as an ex-officio member of the National Youth Commission.
The manner of representation of the different barangay chairmen in the municipal, city and provincial legislatures as ex-officio members is identical with the way how the SK chairpersons are represented; the provincial and city (which are not under the jurisdiction of a province) chairpersons elect amongst themselves the president of the National League of the Barangays (Liga ng mga Barangay
Liga ng mga Barangay
The Liga ng mga Barangay sa Pilipinas is a formal organization of all the barangays in the Philippines...
).
Primary elections
Primary electionPrimary election
A primary election is an election in which party members or voters select candidates for a subsequent election. Primary elections are one means by which a political party nominates candidates for the next general election....
s do not exist in the Philippines. The leaders of the various political parties select the candidates themselves, and party membership is liquid. In some cases, if a politician is not chosen to be a candidate, he can join another party (such as Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Marcos
Ferdinand Emmanuel Edralin Marcos, Sr. was a Filipino leader and an authoritarian President of the Philippines from 1965 to 1986. He was a lawyer, member of the Philippine House of Representatives and a member of the Philippine Senate...
, a Liberal, jumped ship to the Nacionalistas in 1965 when the Liberals picked incumbent Diosdado Macapagal
Diosdado Macapagal
Diosdado Pangan Macapagal was the ninth President of the Philippines, serving from 1961 to 1965, and the sixth Vice President, serving from 1957 to 1961. He also served as a member of the House of Representatives, and headed the Constitutional Convention of 1970...
as their presidential candidate), or create their own party (such as Fidel Ramos, when he created the Lakas ng Tao (now Lakas Kampi CMD) after the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino
The Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino is a political party in the Philippines founded in 1988.There are no results available of the last elections for the House of Representatives, but according to the website of the House, the party holds 7 out of 235 seats . The party is divided into two factions...
chose Ramon Mitra
Ramon Mitra
Ramon Mitra III is the son of The Late former speaker Ramon Mitra, Jr.-Early life:Born Ramon "Mon-Mon" Blanco-Mitra III on October 28, 1964 in Puerto Princesa City, he is the son of The Late Ramon Mitra, Jr. and Cecilia Blanco...
as their presidential candidate in 1992).
List
Only elections national in scope are included.| Year | General | Presidential | Senate | House of Representatives | Local | Other | Referendum |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1895 | 1895 municipal | ||||||
| 1897 | Tejeros Convention Tejeros Convention The Tejeros Convention was the meeting held between the Magdiwang and Magdalo factions of the Katipunan at San Francisco de Malabon, Cavite on March 22, 1897... |
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| 1898 | 1898 Congress | ||||||
| 1899 | 1899 local Philippine local elections, 1899 Local elections were held for provincial and municipal posts throughout the Philippine Archipelago from May 7, 1899. The first local elections under the American occupation were held in Baliuag, Bulacan, supervised by US General Henry W. Lawton.... |
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| 1905 | 1905 local Philippine local elections, 1905 Local elections were held for provincial and municipal posts throughout the Philippine Archipelago on January 15, 1905.Famous lawyers and doctors including the rich and the wealthy, political families were elected. Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña Sr. were elected as the first Filipino provincial... |
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| 1907 | 1907 Philippine Assembly | ||||||
| 1909 | 1909 Philippine Assembly | 1909 local | |||||
| 1912 | 1912 Philippine Assembly | 1912 local | |||||
| 1916 | 1916 legislative | 1916 Senate | 1916 House of Representatives | 1916 local | |||
| 1919 | 1919 legislative Philippine legislative election, 1919 Elections for the Philippine Legislature were held on June 3, 1919, pursuant to the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 which prescribed elections for every three years. Voters elected all 90 members of the House of Representatives in the Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1919; and all 22... |
1919 Senate | 1919 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1919 The Elections for the Members of the House of Representatives were held on June 3, 1919 pursuant to the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 which prescribed elections for every three years... |
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| 1922 | 1922 legislative Philippine legislative election, 1922 Senatorial elections happened on June 6, 1922 in the Philippines under the Jones Law provisions. It was controversial when Senate President Manuel L... |
1922 Senate | 1922 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1922 The Elections for the Members of the House of Representatives were held on June 6, 1922 pursuant to the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 which prescribed elections for every three years. The ruling Nacionalista Party was split into Consolidato and Pro-Independencia blocs, although both blocs formed... |
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| 1925 | 1925 legislative Philippine legislative election, 1925 Senatorial elections happened on June 2, 1925 in the Philippines under the Jones Law provisions.-Philippine Senate Results:-See also:*Commission on Elections*Politics of the Philippines*Philippine elections-External links:*... |
1925 Senate | 1925 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1925 The Elections for the Members of the House of Representatives were held on June 2, 1925 pursuant to the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 which prescribed elections for every three years... |
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| 1928 | 1928 legislative Philippine legislative election, 1928 Legislative elections happened on June 5, 1928 in the Philippines under the Jones Law provisions.-Philippine Senate Results:-See also:*Commission on Elections*Politics of the Philippines*Philippine elections-External links:*... |
1928 Senate | 1928 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1928 The Elections for the Members of the House of Representatives were held on June 5, 1928 pursuant to the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 which prescribed elections for every three years... |
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| 1931 | 1931 legislative Philippine legislative election, 1931 Legislative elections happened on June 2, 1931 in the Philippines under the Jones Law provisions.-Philippine Senate Results:-See also:*Commission on Elections*Politics of the Philippines*Philippine elections-External links:*... |
1931 Senate | 1931 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1931 The Elections for the Members of the House of Representatives were held on June 2, 1931 pursuant to the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 which prescribed elections for every three years... |
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| 1934 | 1934 legislative Philippine legislative election, 1934 Legislative elections were held on June 5, 1934 in the Philippines. Manuel L. Quezon and Sergio Osmeña were re-elected in the Philippine Senate and still arch-rivals since the Nacionalista Party broke up in 1922.... |
1934 Senate | 1934 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1934 The Elections for the Members of the House of Representatives were held on June 2, 1931 pursuant to the Philippine Organic Act of 1902 which prescribed elections for every three years. The ruling Nacionalista Party was split anew into two factions: the Pro-Independencias who were in favor of the... |
1934 constitutional convention Philippine Constitutional Convention election, 1934 In accordance to the Tydings-McDuffie Law, election of delegates to the 1934 Constitutional Convention was held on July 10, 1934.-Results:-See also:*Commission on Elections*Politics of the Philippines*Philippine elections*Philippine Constitution... |
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| 1935 | 1935 general | 1935 presidential Philippine presidential election, 1935 Presidential elections, National Assembly elections and local elections were held on September 15, 1935 in the Philippines. This was the first election since the enactment of the Tydings-McDuffie Act that paved the way for a transitory government. Senate President Manuel Luis Quezon won against... |
1935 legislative Philippine legislative election, 1935 The Elections for the Members of the National Assembly were held on September 15, 1935 pursuant to the Tydings-McDuffie Act which established the Commonwealth of the Philippines The leaders of the ruling Nacionalista Party, Manuel Quezon and Sergio Osmeña reconciled and became running mates in the... |
constitutional Philippine constitutional plebiscite, 1935 This article on elections in the Philippines gives information on elections and election results in the Philippines. The 1935 Constitution was written in 1934, approved and adopted by the Commonwealth of the Philippines and later used by the Third Republic of the Philippines... |
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| 1937 | 1937 local | women's suffrage Philippine women suffrage plebiscite, 1937 The issue concerning women's suffrage in the Philippines was settled in a special plebiscite held on April 30, 1937, in which only men could vote. Ninety percent of voters were in favor of the measure... |
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| 1938 | 1938 legislative | ||||||
| 1940 | constitutional Philippine constitutional plebiscite, 1940 A plebiscite on June 18, 1940 to ratify the following amendments to the Constitution: tenure of the President and the Vice-President was four years with reelection for another term; establishment of a bicameral Congress of the Philippines, with the Senate as the upper house and the House of... |
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| 1941 | 1941 presidential Philippine presidential election, 1941 Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 11, 1941 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Manuel Luis Quezon won an unprecedented second partial term as President of the Philippines via a landslide. His running mate, Vice President Sergio Osmeña also won via landslide... |
1941 Senate Philippine Senate election, 1941 Election to the Senate were held on November 11, 1941 in the Philippines. The Senate was re-instituted after amendments to the constitution restored the bicameral legislature last used in 1935.... |
1941 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1941 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on November 2, 1941, with the ruling Nacionalista Party retaining a majority of the seats. Still, the party was prevented a clean sweep when three independents were elected. The elected congressmen were supposed to serve... |
1941 local | |||
| 1943 | 1943 legislative | 1943 local | |||||
| 1946 | 1946 general Philippine general election, 1946 The Elections for the members of the Senate held on April 23, 1946 .-Background:Soon after the reconstitution of the Commonwealth Government in 1945 Senators Manuel Roxas, Elpidio Quirino and their allies called for the holding on an early national election to choose the president and vice... |
1946 presidential Philippine presidential election, 1946 The Elections for the President, Vice-President, Members of the Senate, Members of the House of Representatives and Local Positions held on April 23, 1946 The Elections for the President, Vice-President, Members of the Senate, Members of the House of Representatives and Local Positions held on... |
1946 Senate | 1946 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1946 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on April 23, 1946. Held on the same day as the presidential election, it was held after the Nacionalista Party had split permanently into two factions: the "Conservative" faction headed by president Sergio Osmeña and the... |
1946 local | ||
| 1947 | 1947 Senate | parity rights Philippine Parity Rights plebiscite, 1947 A plebiscite on the amendment to the Constitution pursuant to resolution of Congress dated September 18, 1946, granting United States Citizens right to the disposition and utilization of Philippine natural resources or the Parity Rights. This occurred on March 11, 1947.-Results:A number of... |
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| 1949 | 1949 general Philippine general election, 1949 Elections for the members of the Senate were held on November 8, 1949 in the Philippines. While President Elpidio Quirino won a full term as President of the Philippines after the death of President Manuel Roxas in 1948, and his running mate, Senator Fernando Lopez won as Vice President, their... |
1949 presidential Philippine presidential election, 1949 Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 8, 1949 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Elpidio Quirino won a full term as President of the Philippines after the death of President Manuel Roxas in 1948. His running mate, Senator Fernando Lopez won as Vice President... |
1949 Senate | 1949 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1949 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on April 23, 1946. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Elpidio Quirino's Liberal Party, won majority of the seats in the House of Representatives, This will be the first... |
1949 local | ||
| 1951 | 1951 Senate | ||||||
| 1953 | 1953 general Philippine general election, 1953 Elections for the members of the Senate were held on November 10, 1953 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Elpidio Quirino of the Liberal Party lost his opportunity to get a second full term as President of the Philippines to former Defense Secretary Ramon Magsaysay of the Nacionalista Party.... |
1953 presidential Philippine presidential election, 1953 Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 10, 1953 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Elpidio Quirino lost his opportunity to get a second full term as President of the Philippines to former Defense Secretary Ramon Magsaysay. His running mate, Senator Jose Yulo lost... |
1953 Senate | 1953 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1953 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on November 10, 1953. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Elpidio Quirino's Liberal Party, won majority of the seats in the House of Representatives... |
1953 local | ||
| 1955 | 1955 Senate | ||||||
| 1957 | 1957 general Philippine general election, 1957 Senatorial elections were held on November 12, 1957 in the Philippines. The Nacionalista Party, despite losing two seats to the Liberal Party still held the Senate with twenty seats. The Liberals who won were actor Rogelio de la Rosa and former basketball player Ambrosio Padilla.-See... |
1957 presidential Philippine presidential election, 1957 Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 12, 1957 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Carlos P. Garcia won his opportunity to get a full term as President of the Philippines after the death of President Ramon Magsaysay in a plane crash in March 1957. His running mate,... |
1957 Senate | 1957 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1957 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on November 12, 1957. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Carlos P. Garcia's Nacionalista Party, won majority of the seats in the House of Representatives.The elected... |
1957 local | ||
| 1959 | 1959 Senate | ||||||
| 1961 | 1961 general Philippine general election, 1961 A senatorial election was held on November 14, 1961 in the Philippines. The two candidates of the Progressive Party, guest candidates of the Liberal Party, topped the election, while the Liberals themselves won four seats cutting the Nacionalista Party's majority to 13 seats in the 24-seat... |
1961 presidential Philippine presidential election, 1961 Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 14, 1961 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Carlos P. Garcia lost his opportunity for a second full term as President of the Philippines to Vice President President Diosdado Macapagal. His running mate, Senator Sergio Osmeña,... |
1961 Senate | 1961 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1961 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on November 14, 1961. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Carlos P. Garcia's Nacionalista Party, won majority of the seats in the House of Representatives... |
1961 local | ||
| 1963 | 1963 Senate | ||||||
| 1965 | 1965 general Philippine general election, 1965 A senatorial election was held on November 19, 1965 in the Philippines. The Nacionalista Party wrestled back control of the Senate; originally a Liberal, Senate President Ferdinand Marcos defected to the Nacionalistas, became their presidential candidate and won this year's election... |
1965 presidential Philippine presidential election, 1965 Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 19, 1965 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Diosdado Macapagal lost his opportunity to get a second full term as President of the Philippines to Senate President Ferdinand Marcos. His running mate, Senator Gerardo Roxas lost... |
1965 Senate | 1965 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1965 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on November 19, 1965. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Diosdado Macapagal's Liberal Party, won majority of the seats in the House of Representatives... |
1965 local | ||
| 1967 | 1967 Senate | ||||||
| 1969 | 1969 general Philippine general election, 1969 A senatorial election was held on November 11, 1969 in the Philippines. While incumbent President Ferdinand Marcos won an unprecedented second full term as President of the Philippines, and his running mate, incumbent Vice President Fernando Lopez was also elected to a third full term as Vice... |
1969 presidential Philippine presidential election, 1969 Presidential, legislative and local elections were held on November 11, 1969 in the Philippines. Incumbent President Ferdinand Marcos won an unprecedented second full term as President of the Philippines. Marcos was the last president in the entire electoral history who ran and won for a second term... |
1969 Senate | 1969 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1969 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on November 11, 1969. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Ferdinand Marcos's Nacionalista Party, won majority of the seats in the House of Representatives.The elected... |
1969 local | ||
| 1970 | 1970 constitutional convention Philippine Constitutional Convention election, 1970 The Constitutional Convention of 1970 was called to change the existing Philippine Constitution which was made during the Commonwealth of the Philippines. Special elections for the CON-CON Delegates who will represent the various provinces of the country on November 10, 1970... |
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| 1971 | 1971 Senate | ||||||
| 1973 | constitutional Philippine constitutional plebiscite, 1973 The Constitutional Convention of 1971 minus 11 CON-CON delegates who were arrested during the proclamation of martial law, re-convenened and with nothing to do but to do what President Ferdinand Marcos wanted to be put to the proposed constitution. The regime tasked a plebiscite for the... martial law Philippine Martial Law referendum, 1973 National referendum in which the Citizen's Assemblies voted for:*The ratification of the 1973 Constitution*The suspension of the convening of the Interim National Assembly provided for the Transitory provinsions of the 1973 Constitution... |
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| 1975 | executive and legislative powers Philippine executive and legislative powers referendum, 1975 A national referendum was called for February 27–28, 1973 where the majority of the barangays voted approved the following:*The use by the President of his power to restructure the local governments in Greater Manila into an integrated system like a manager- commission for under such terms and... |
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| 1976 | constitutional | ||||||
| 1977 | constitutional Philippine constitutional referendum, 1977 National referendum was called on December 16 - December 17, 1977 where the majority of the voters voted that President Ferdinand E. Marcos should continue in office as incumbent President and Prime Minister after the organization of the Interim Batasang Pambansa.-See also:*Commission on... |
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| 1978 | 1978 parliamentary Philippine parliamentary election, 1978 A general election was held in the Philippines on April 7, 1978 for the election of the 166 regional representatives to the Interim Batasang Pambansa... |
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| 1980 | 1980 local | ||||||
| 1981 | 1981 presidential | constitutional barangay institutionalization |
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| 1984 | 1984 parliamentary Philippine parliamentary election, 1984 Parliamentary elections were held on May 14, 1984 in the Philippines. Like any other elections, charges of bribery, protests and complaints on irregularity of the elections. But supported the campaign of boycotting the elections like Former Publisher of the Manila Times Chino Roces and Former... |
constitutional Philippine constitutional plebiscite, 1984 National plebiscite and local plebiscites for the approval of the proposed constitutional amendments and local bills made by the Interim Batasang Pambansa was held January 27, 1984 in the Philippines.-Constitutional Amendments:... |
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| 1986 | 1986 presidential Philippine presidential election, 1986 The Presidential and Vice-Presidential snap elections were held on February 7, 1986 in the Philippines.-Background:President Ferdinand E... |
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| 1987 | 1987 legislative Philippine legislative election, 1987 The election for the Members of the Senate was held in the Philippines on May 11, 1987. The Philippine Senate was re-instituted following the approval of a new constitution in 1987 restoring the bicameral Congress of the Philippines; earlier, a constitution was approved in 1973 that created a... |
1987 Senate | 1987 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1987 Elections for members of the House of Representatives in the Philippines were held on May 11, 1987. This was the first legislative election since 1984, the first House of Representatives elections since 1969, and the first election since the People Power Revolution that overthrew president... |
constitutional Philippine constitutional plebiscite, 1987 The constitutional plebiscite was held in the Philippines on 2 February 1987.The plebiscite is pursuant to Presidential Proclamation No. 3 which was issued on 25 March 1986. by the President Corazon Aquino which abolished the Office of the Prime Minister and the Regular Batasang Pambansa... |
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| 1988 | 1988 local | ||||||
| 1992 | 1992 general Philippine general election, 1992 The senatorial election was held in the Philippines on May 11, 1992. This was the first general election under the 1987 Philippine Constitution. An estimated 80,000 candidates ran for 17,000 posts from the presidency down to municipal councilors... |
1992 presidential Philippine presidential election, 1992 Presidential elections, legislative elections and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 11, 1992. This was the first general elections under the 1987 Philippine Constitution. An estimated 80,000 candidates ran for 17,000 posts from the presidency down to municipal councilors... |
1992 Senate | 1992 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1992 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on May 11, 1992. Held on the same day as the presidential election, since incumbent president Corazon Aquino, did not contest the election, the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino served as the de facto administration party;... |
1992 local | ||
| 1995 | 1995 general Philippine general election, 1995 The senatorial election was held in the Philippines on May 8, 1995. Filipinos protected the ballot boxes with their lives and campaigned against traditional politicians who used bribery, flying voters, violence, election rigging, stealing of ballot boxes and etc... |
1995 Senate | 1995 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1995 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on May 8, 1995. Being the first midterm election since 1938, the party of the incumbent president, Fidel V. Ramos's Lakas-NUCD-UMDP, won a plurality of the seats in the House of Representatives.The elected representatives... |
1995 local | |||
| 1998 | 1998 general Philippine general election, 1998 The senatorial election was held in the Philippines on May 11, 1998. The two main competing coalitions in the senatorial election were the Lakas-NUCD-UMDP and the Laban ng Makabayang Masang Pilipino -led coalition composed of the Laban ng Demokratikong Pilipino , Pwersa ng Masang Pilipino , the... |
1998 presidential Philippine presidential election, 1998 Presidential elections, legislative elections and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 11, 1998. In the presidential election, Vice President Joseph Estrada won a six-year term as President by a landslide victory. In the vice-presidential race, Senator Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo won a... |
1998 Senate | 1998 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 1998 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on May 11, 1998. Held on the same day as the presidential election, the party of the incumbent president, Fidel V. Ramos' Lakas-NUCD-UMDP, won majority of the seats in the House of Representatives... |
1998 local | ||
| 2001 | 2001 general Philippine general election, 2001 The senatorial election was held in the Philippines on May 14, 2001. Independent candidate Noli de Castro, a former television anchor of TV Patrol of ABS-CBN was announced as the topnotcher... |
2001 Senate | 2001 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 2001 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on May 14, 2001. This was the next election succeeding the events of the 2001 EDSA Revolution that deposed Joseph Estrada from the presidency; his vice president, Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo became president, and her party,... |
2001 local | |||
| 2004 | 2004 general Philippine general election, 2004 The senatorial election was held in the Philippines on May 10, 2004. The major coalitions that participated are the Koalisyon ng Katapatan at Karanasan sa Kinabukasan composed of parties that support the candidacy of president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, and the Koalisyon ng Nagkakaisang Pilipino ,... |
2004 presidential Philippine presidential election, 2004 The Philippine presidential and vice presidential elections of 2004 was held on Monday, May 10, 2004. In the presidential election, incumbent president Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo successfully won a full six-year term as President, with a margin of just over one million votes over her leading opponent,... |
2004 Senate | 2004 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 2004 The Elections for the House of Representatives of the Philippines were held on May 10, 2004. Being held together with presidential election, the party of the incumbent president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, Lakas-Christian Muslim Democrats, and by extension the administration-led coalition, the... |
2004 local | ||
| 2007 | 2007 general Philippine general election, 2007 Legislative and local elections were held in the Philippines on May 14, 2007. Positions contested included half the seats in the Senate, which are elected for six-year terms, and all the seats in the House of Representatives, who were elected for three-year terms... |
2007 Senate Philippine Senate election, 2007 Election to the Senate of the Philippines was held on Monday, May 14, 2007. This is to elect 12 of the 24 seats in the Senate. Together with those elected in 2004, they will comprise the 14th Congress via plurality-at-large voting. The senators elected in 2004 will serve until June 30, 2010, while... |
2007 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 2007 The 2007 Philippine House of Representatives elections were held on May 14, 2007, to elect members to the House of Representatives of the Philippines to serve in the 14th Congress of the Philippines from June 30, 2007, until June 30, 2010... |
2007 local | |||
| 2010 | 2010 general Philippine general election, 2010 Elections for all positions in the Philippines above the barangay were held on Monday, May 10, 2010. The elected president will become the 15th President of the Philippines, succeeding President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo, who is barred from seeking re-election due to term restrictions... |
2010 presidential Philippine presidential election, 2010 -Timeline:The COMELEC-mandated election period for this election was from January 10 to June 9, 2010.-2008:*August 26 - Then Metro Manila Development Authority Chairman Bayani Fernando announces bid for presidency.... |
2010 Senate Philippine Senate election, 2010 Election to the Senate of the Philippines was held on Monday, May 10, 2010. This is to elect 12 of the 24 seats in the Senate. Together with those elected in 2007, they will comprise the 15th Congress. The senators elected in 2007 will serve until June 30, 2013, while the senators elected in this... |
2010 House of Representatives Philippine House of Representatives elections, 2010 The 2010 Philippine House of Representatives elections were held on May 10, 2010 to elect members to the House of Representatives of the Philippines to serve in the 15th Congress of the Philippines from June 30, 2010 to June 30, 2013... |
2010 local | ||
President
Senate
| 15th Congress, Senate | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Party | |Won | |Seats | |% | ||||||
| 1 | 5 | 20.8% | |||||||
| 2 | 4 | 16.7% | |||||||
| 3 | 4 | 16.7% | |||||||
| 2 | 4 | 16.7% | |||||||
| 1 | 2 | 8.3% | |||||||
| 2 | 2 | 8.3% | |||||||
| 1 | 1 | 4.2% | |||||||
| 0 | 1 | 4.2% | |||||||
| Totals | 12 | 23 | 95.8% | ||||||
House of Representatives
See also
- Timeline of Philippine electionsTimeline of Philippine electionsThis is a timeline of Philippine elections, in which the parties of the President, Vice President, Senate President and House Speaker at the time of the elections are displayed....
- Electoral calendar
- Electoral system
- President of the PhilippinesPresident of the PhilippinesThe President of the Philippines is the head of state and head of government of the Philippines. The president leads the executive branch of the Philippine government and is the commander-in-chief of the Armed Forces of the Philippines...
- Vice President of the PhilippinesVice President of the Philippines-Description:The Vice-President is the first in the Philippine line of succession, assuming the Presidency upon the death, resignation, or removal by impeachment and subsequent conviction of the incumbent. The position was abolished by Martial Law in 1972, and was not included in the original text...
- Congress of the PhilippinesCongress of the PhilippinesThe Congress of the Philippines is the national legislature of the Republic of the Philippines. It is a bicameral body consisting of the Senate , and the House of Representatives although commonly in the Philippines the term congress refers to the latter.The Senate is composed of 24 senators half...
- Senate of the PhilippinesSenate of the PhilippinesThe Senate of the Philippines is the upper chamber of the bicameral legislature of the Philippines, the Congress of the Philippines...
- House of Representatives of the PhilippinesHouse of Representatives of the PhilippinesThe House of Representatives of the Philippines is the lower chamber of the...
- Commission on ElectionsCommission on Elections (Philippines)The Commission on Elections, or COMELEC, is one of the three constitutional commissions of the Philippines. Its principal role is to enforce all laws and regulations relative to the conduct of elections, initiatives, referendums, and recalls....
External links
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