Electronic Diesel Control is a diesel engine

Diesel engine

A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber...

 fuel injection

Fuel injection

Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in automotive petrol engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....

 control system for the precise metering and delivery of fuel into the combustion chamber

Combustion chamber

A combustion chamber is the part of an engine in which fuel is burned.-Internal combustion engine:The hot gases produced by the combustion occupy a far greater volume than the original fuel, thus creating an increase in pressure within the limited volume of the chamber...

 of modern diesel engines used in truck

Truck

A truck or lorry is a motor vehicle designed to transport cargo. Trucks vary greatly in size, power, and configuration, with the smallest being mechanically similar to an automobile...

s and cars

Automobile

An automobile, autocar, motor car or car is a wheeled motor vehicle used for transporting passengers, which also carries its own engine or motor...

.

Introduction

The mechanical

Machine

A machine manages power to accomplish a task, examples include, a mechanical system, a computing system, an electronic system, and a molecular machine. In common usage, the meaning is that of a device having parts that perform or assist in performing any type of work...

 fly-weight governors of inline and distributor

Distributor

A distributor is a device in the ignition system of an internal combustion engine that routes high voltage from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order. The first reliable battery operated ignition was developed by Dayton Engineering Laboratories Co. and introduced in the...

 diesel

Diesel engine

A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber...

 fuel injection

Fuel injection

Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in automotive petrol engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....

 pumps used to control fuel delivery under a variety of engine loads and conditions could no longer deal with the ever increasing demands for efficiency, emission control, power and fuel consumption.
These demands are now primarily fulfilled by the Electronic Diesel Control EDC, the system which provides greater ability for precise measuring, data processing , operating environment flexibility and analysis to ensure efficient diesel engine

Diesel engine

A diesel engine is an internal combustion engine that uses the heat of compression to initiate ignition to burn the fuel, which is injected into the combustion chamber...

 operation. The EDC replaces the mechanical control governor with an electro-magnetic control device.

System overview

The EDC is divided into these main groups of components.

• Electronic
  Electronics
  Electronics is the branch of science, engineering and technology that deals with electrical circuits involving active electrical components such as vacuum tubes, transistors, diodes and integrated circuits, and associated passive interconnection technologies...
  
   sensors for registering operating conditions and changes. A wide array of physical
  Physical property
  A physical property is any property that is measurable whose value describes a physical system's state. The changes in the physical properties of a system can be used to describe its transformations ....
  
   inputs is converted into electrical signal outputs.
• Actuators or solenoids which convert the control unit's electrical output signal into mechanical control movement.
• ECM
  Engine Control Unit
  An engine control unit is a type of electronic control unit that determines the amount of fuel, ignition timing and other parameters an internal combustion engine needs to keep running...
  
   (Electronic Control Module ) or Engine ECU
  Engine Control Unit
  An engine control unit is a type of electronic control unit that determines the amount of fuel, ignition timing and other parameters an internal combustion engine needs to keep running...
  
   (Electronic Control Unit) with microprocessors which process information from various sensors in accordance with programmed software and outputs required electrical signals into actuators and solenoids.

Components

Sensors

• Injection pump speed sensor - monitors pump rotational speed
• Fuel rack position sensor - monitors pump fuel rack position
• Charge air pressure sensor - measures pressure side of the turbocharger
• Fuel pressure sensor
• Air cleaner vacuum
  Vacuum
  In everyday usage, vacuum is a volume of space that is essentially empty of matter, such that its gaseous pressure is much less than atmospheric pressure. The word comes from the Latin term for "empty". A perfect vacuum would be one with no particles in it at all, which is impossible to achieve in...
  
   pressure sensor
• Engine position sensor
• Temperature sensors - measure various operating temperature
  Operating temperature
  An operating temperature is the temperature at which an electrical or mechanical device operates. The device will operate effectively within a specified temperature range which varies based on the device function and application context, and ranges from the minimum operating temperature to the...
  
  s
  • Intake temperature
  • Charge air temperature
  • Coolant temperature
  • Fuel temperature
  • Exhaust
    Exhaust gas
    Exhaust gas or flue gas is emitted as a result of the combustion of fuels such as natural gas, gasoline/petrol, diesel fuel, fuel oil or coal. According to the type of engine, it is discharged into the atmosphere through an exhaust pipe, flue gas stack or propelling nozzle.It often disperses...
    
     temperature
    Temperature
    Temperature is a physical property of matter that quantitatively expresses the common notions of hot and cold. Objects of low temperature are cold, while various degrees of higher temperatures are referred to as warm or hot...
    
     (Pyrometer
    Pyrometer
    A pyrometer is a non-contacting device that intercepts and measures thermal radiation, a process known as pyrometry.This device can be used to determine the temperature of an object's surface....
    
    )
  • Ambient temperature
• Vehicle speed sensor - monitors vehicle speed
• Brake pedal sensor - operates with cruise control, exhaust brake, idle control
• Clutch pedal sensor - operates with cruise control, exhaust brake, idle control
• Accelerator pedal sensor
• Driver input switches - cruise control
  Cruise control
  Cruise control is a system that automatically controls the speed of a motor vehicle. The system takes over the throttle of the car to maintain a steady speed as set by the driver.-History:...
  
  , idle
  Idle
  Idle is a term which generally refers to a lack of motion and/or energy.- Uses :In describing a person or machine, idle means the act of nothing or no work...
  
   increase /decrease, engine/exhaust brake
• Injector needle movement sensor - monitors the actual injection time and feeds the information to the ECU (as used on VM Motori
  VM Motori
  VM Motori S.p.A. is a diesel engine manufacturing company in Cento, Italy, in Emilia-Romagna, an Italian region which is also home to Ferrari, Lamborghini, Maserati and Ducati.- History :...
  
   2.5 and 3.1 engines)

Electronic Control Unit

Electronic control unit

In automotive electronics, electronic control unit is a generic term for any embedded system that controls one or more of the electrical systems or subsystems in a motor vehicle....

The ECU

Engine control unit

An engine control unit is a type of electronic control unit that determines the amount of fuel, ignition timing and other parameters an internal combustion engine needs to keep running...

 collects and processes signals from various on-board sensors. An ECU

Engine control unit

An engine control unit is a type of electronic control unit that determines the amount of fuel, ignition timing and other parameters an internal combustion engine needs to keep running...

 electronic module contains microprocessors, memory units, analog to digital converters and output interface units. Depending upon the parameters, a number of different maps can be stored in the onboard memory. This allows the ECU to be tailored to the specific engine and vehicle requirements, depending on the application. The operating software of the ECU

Engine control unit

An engine control unit is a type of electronic control unit that determines the amount of fuel, ignition timing and other parameters an internal combustion engine needs to keep running...

 can be adapted for a wide variety of engines and vehicles without the necessity of hardware modification. The ECU is usually located in the cab or in certain cases, in a suitable position in the engine

Engine

An engine or motor is a machine designed to convert energy into useful mechanical motion. Heat engines, including internal combustion engines and external combustion engines burn a fuel to create heat which is then used to create motion...

 bay where additional environmental conditions might require cooling of the ECU as well as a requirement for better dust

Dust

Dust consists of particles in the atmosphere that arise from various sources such as soil dust lifted up by wind , volcanic eruptions, and pollution...

, heat

Heat

In physics and thermodynamics, heat is energy transferred from one body, region, or thermodynamic system to another due to thermal contact or thermal radiation when the systems are at different temperatures. It is often described as one of the fundamental processes of energy transfer between...

 and vibrations insulation .

Actuators and Solenoids
Electro-magnetic actuators are usually located on the fuel pump to transfer electrical signals into mechanical action in this case fuel rack actuator and or fuel stop solenoid which means that depending on requests from control unit full fuel or no fuel quantity.

• Injectors
• Boost-pressure actuator
• Intake-duct switchoff
• Throttle-valve actuator
• Exhaust-gas recirculation actuator
• Auxiliary heating
• A/C compressor
• Radiator fan
• Electronic shutoff valve
• Rail-pressure control valve
• Diagnosis lamp

Operation

The injection of fuel or the quantity of injected fuel has a decisive influence on engine starting, idling, power and emissions. The engine ECU

Engine control unit

An engine control unit is a type of electronic control unit that determines the amount of fuel, ignition timing and other parameters an internal combustion engine needs to keep running...

 is programmed ("mapped") with relevant data to where the fuel rack position has an equivalent signal for the amount of fuel being injected. The driver requests the torque or engine speed requirements via accelerator pedal potentiometer thereby sending a signal to the engine ECU which then, depending on its mapping and data collected from various sensors, calculates in real time the quantity of injected fuel required, thus altering the fuel rack to the required position.
The driver can also input additional commands such as idle speed increase to compensate e.g. for PTO

Power take-off

A power take-off or power takeoff is a splined driveshaft, usually on a tractor or truck, that can be used to provide power to an attachment or separate machine. It is designed to be easily connected and disconnected...

  operation which can be either variably set or has a preset speed which can be recalled. The road speed function can be used to evaluate vehicle speed and possibly activate a speed limiter (Heavy Vehicles), or maintain or restore a set speed (cruise control

Cruise control

Cruise control is a system that automatically controls the speed of a motor vehicle. The system takes over the throttle of the car to maintain a steady speed as set by the driver.-History:...

). Further functions can include exhaust brake

Exhaust brake

An exhaust brake is a means of slowing a diesel engine by closing off the exhaust path from the engine, causing the exhaust gases to be compressed in the exhaust manifold, and in the cylinder. Since the exhaust is being compressed, and there is no fuel being applied, the engine works backwards,...

 operation which, when activated, will result in the fuel pump rack position being set to zero delivery or idle. The engine ECU can also interface with various other vehicle systems e.g. traction control

Traction control system

A traction control system , also known as anti-slip regulation , is typically a secondary function of the anti-lock braking system on production motor vehicles, designed to prevent loss of traction of driven road wheels...

 and carries out self monitoring duties and self diagnostic functions to keep the system working at an optimal level. To ensure the safe operation in case of failure, the limp home mode functions are also integrated into the system, for e.g. should the pump speed sensor fail the ECU can use an alternator speed signal function for engine RPMs

Revolutions per minute

Revolutions per minute is a measure of the frequency of a rotation. It annotates the number of full rotations completed in one minute around a fixed axis...

 counter

Tachometer

A tachometer is an instrument measuring the rotation speed of a shaft or disk, as in a motor or other machine. The device usually displays the revolutions per minute on a calibrated analogue dial, but digital displays are increasingly common...

 as a backup signal.

Additional Functions

• Engine protection, cold start - when starting cold , engine rpms are limited.
  • Engine protection, overheating - when overheating, to avoid damage the engine power output is limited.
• Remote engine shutdown - when auxiliary equipment is in use e.g. crane in case of rollover.
• Constant engine speed - the engine maintains set revs irrespective of load e.g. PTO
  PTO
  PTO is an abbreviation for:* United States Patent and Trademark Office or any other Patent and Trademark Office * Parent Teacher Organization - organization that consists of parents, teachers and school staff...
  
  operation