Energy policy of Romania
Encyclopedia
Romania
is the 38th largest energy consumer in the world and the largest in South Eastern Europe as well as an important producer of natural gas
, oil
and coal
in Europe.
The total energy consumption of Romania was in 2005 40.5 million toe structured as follows:
Romania has the largest oil reserves in Central
and Eastern Europe (except Russia) and the second largest natural gas reserves (except Russia) behind Ukraine
but twice as large than Poland but it has the smallest reserves of coal in the region.
Romania's oil production in 2007 was around 120,000 bbl/d while the consumption of oil was around 230,000 bbl/d.
Romania had the largest oil production in the year 1976 when the total quantity extracted was close to 14.7 million tonnes. Since then the oil production increased and decreased regularly but in the last 10 years the production had a descending path.
Almost all the coal extracted in the country is used for electricity generation, bituminous coal
having a 7.2 % contribution in all electricity produced in Romania and lignite
having a 32.2 % stake.
Evolution of bituminous coal
production:
Evolution of lignite
production:
with 6.3 billion m3 and Romgaz
with 6 billion m3.
The natural gas consumption in 2007 was 17.4 billion m3 with the local producers providing around 70 % and imports of 5.1 billion m3 supplying the rest.
of electricity having an installed capacity of 17,360 MW in thermal
, hydro
and nuclear
power plants.
The power
generation was structured as follows:
.
In 2007, Romania produced 19.8 TW of hydropower
. Romania co-ownes the Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station on the Danube River located on the border between Romania and Serbia
, which is one of the largest hydroelectric power plants in Europe with an installed generation capacity of 2,216 MW by 6 generating units of 175 MW each on the Serbian side and 6 generating units of 194.4 MW on the Romanian side.
The two countries also jointly operate the Iron Gate II Hydroelectric Power Station with an installed generation capacity of 537 MW by 8 generating units of 27 MW on the Serbia
n side and 10 generating units of 32 MW on the Romanian side.
The largest hydropower plant on the inner rivers of Romania is the Lotru-Ciunget Hydroelectric Power Station with an installed generation capacity of 510 MW but this power plant will be surpassed by the Tarniţa – Lăpuşteşti Hydroelectric Power Station which at completion in 2014 will have an installed generation capacity of 1,000 MW.
Romania currently has 1.400 MW of nuclear power
capacity by means of one active nuclear power plant
with 2 reactors, which makes up to around 18 % of the national power generation capacity of the country. This makes Romania the 23rd largest user of nuclear power in the world
.
The Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant
is the only nuclear power plant
in Romania. It uses CANDU reactor
technology from AECL
, using heavy water
produced at Drobeta-Turnu Severin
as its neutron moderator
and water from the Danube
for cooling.
There are also plans for the construction of a second nuclear power plant
in Transylvania
that will either have 2 reactors of 1.200 MW each or 4 reactors of 600 MW each with an electricity generating capacity of 2.400 MW and will be constructed after 2020
Romania has a high wind power potential of around 14,000 MW and a power generating capacity of 23 TWh
, but until 2007 there were no significant wind farms in operation.
s in a sustained manner. The country uses rapeseed
as a source of biodiesel
. In 2007 Romania had a total cultivated area of 430,000 ha
with Rapeseed
and had a production of 750,000 tonnes.
In 2007 Romania produced 400,000 tonnes of biodiesel
mainly from rapeseed
and sunflower
seeds.
The German company MAN Ferrostaal invested US$ 200 million in the construction of a biodiesel
refinery in Sibiu County
that produces around 142,000 tonnes of biodiesel
per year.
There are other companies that are interested in investing in biodiesel
in Romania like the Martifer Group
in Portugal that will build a biodiesel
refinery in Călăraşi County
where it will invest US$ 120 million.
When this refinery will be at full capacity, Romania will be in the top ten biodiesel
producing countries in the world.
Romania
Romania is a country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeastern Europe, on the Lower Danube, within and outside the Carpathian arch, bordering on the Black Sea...
is the 38th largest energy consumer in the world and the largest in South Eastern Europe as well as an important producer of natural gas
Natural gas
Natural gas is a naturally occurring gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, typically with 0–20% higher hydrocarbons . It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.Most natural...
, oil
Oil
An oil is any substance that is liquid at ambient temperatures and does not mix with water but may mix with other oils and organic solvents. This general definition includes vegetable oils, volatile essential oils, petrochemical oils, and synthetic oils....
and coal
Coal
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
in Europe.
The total energy consumption of Romania was in 2005 40.5 million toe structured as follows:
- 36.4 % - natural gasNatural gasNatural gas is a naturally occurring gas mixture consisting primarily of methane, typically with 0–20% higher hydrocarbons . It is found associated with other hydrocarbon fuel, in coal beds, as methane clathrates, and is an important fuel source and a major feedstock for fertilizers.Most natural...
- 25.1 % - oilOilAn oil is any substance that is liquid at ambient temperatures and does not mix with water but may mix with other oils and organic solvents. This general definition includes vegetable oils, volatile essential oils, petrochemical oils, and synthetic oils....
and derivates - 22.4 % - coalCoalCoal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds or coal seams. The harder forms, such as anthracite coal, can be regarded as metamorphic rock because of later exposure to elevated temperature and pressure...
and cokeCoke (fuel)Coke is the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes from coal are grey, hard, and porous. While coke can be formed naturally, the commonly used form is man-made.- History :... - 16.1 % - hydroHydroelectricityHydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy...
and others
Reserves
Romania's natural resources in the year 2007 were structured as follows:- Oil: 550 million tonnes.
- Natural gas: 185 billion m3
- Bituminous coalBituminous coalBituminous coal or black coal is a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than Anthracite...
: 755 million tonnes - LigniteLigniteLignite, often referred to as brown coal, or Rosebud coal by Northern Pacific Railroad,is a soft brown fuel with characteristics that put it somewhere between coal and peat...
: 1.49 billion tonnes
Romania has the largest oil reserves in Central
Central Europe
Central Europe or alternatively Middle Europe is a region of the European continent lying between the variously defined areas of Eastern and Western Europe...
and Eastern Europe (except Russia) and the second largest natural gas reserves (except Russia) behind Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
but twice as large than Poland but it has the smallest reserves of coal in the region.
Oil
Romania had the largest oil production in the year 1976 when the total quantity extracted was close to 14.7 million tonnes. Since then the oil production increased and decreased regularly but in the last 10 years the production had a descending path.
| Year | | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | | 2001 | | 2000 | | 1999 | | 1998 | | 1997 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thousand tonnes | 5.000 | 5.200 | 5.541 | 5.650 | 5.702 | 5.810 | 6.029 | 6132 | 6.300 | 6.501 |
Coal
In 2006 the total coal production of Romania was 34.1 million tonnes of which:- Bituminous coalBituminous coalBituminous coal or black coal is a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than Anthracite...
: 2.9 million tonnes - LigniteLigniteLignite, often referred to as brown coal, or Rosebud coal by Northern Pacific Railroad,is a soft brown fuel with characteristics that put it somewhere between coal and peat...
: 31.2 million tonnes
Almost all the coal extracted in the country is used for electricity generation, bituminous coal
Bituminous coal
Bituminous coal or black coal is a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than Anthracite...
having a 7.2 % contribution in all electricity produced in Romania and lignite
Lignite
Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, or Rosebud coal by Northern Pacific Railroad,is a soft brown fuel with characteristics that put it somewhere between coal and peat...
having a 32.2 % stake.
Evolution of bituminous coal
Bituminous coal
Bituminous coal or black coal is a relatively soft coal containing a tarlike substance called bitumen. It is of higher quality than lignite coal but of poorer quality than Anthracite...
production:
| Year | | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | | 2001 | | 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Million tonnes | 2,9 | 2,7 | 3,1 | 3 | 3,7 | 3,5 | 3 |
Evolution of lignite
Lignite
Lignite, often referred to as brown coal, or Rosebud coal by Northern Pacific Railroad,is a soft brown fuel with characteristics that put it somewhere between coal and peat...
production:
| Year | | 2006 | | 2005 | | 2004 | | 2003 | | 2002 | | 2001 | | 2000 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Million tonnes | 31,2 | 27,2 | 29,1 | 30 | 29,3 | 29,7 | 26 |
Natural gas
In 2007 Romania produced a total of 12.3 billion m3 of natural gas the most important producers being PetromPetrom
Petrom is a Romanian oil company, the largest corporation in Romania and the largest gas and oil producer in Eastern Europe operating in several countries:*Romania - largest company;*Moldova - 2nd largest company, 31% market share;...
with 6.3 billion m3 and Romgaz
Romgaz
Societatea Națională de Gaze Naturale Romgaz SA Mediaș or simply Romgaz is the largest natural gas producer in Romania and one of the largest in Eastern Europe. The company is responsible for producing around 40% of the total natural gas consumption in Romania...
with 6 billion m3.
The natural gas consumption in 2007 was 17.4 billion m3 with the local producers providing around 70 % and imports of 5.1 billion m3 supplying the rest.
Electricity
In 2006 Romania produced a total of 62 TWhTWH
TWH or twh could refer to:*Tennessee Walking Horse, a breed of horse* Toronto Western Hospital, a hospital in Toronto, Canada* TWH Bus & Coach, a bus company in Romford, England* Terrawatt-hour, measure of electrical energy, 1012 watt-hours...
of electricity having an installed capacity of 17,360 MW in thermal
Thermal
A thermal column is a column of rising air in the lower altitudes of the Earth's atmosphere. Thermals are created by the uneven heating of the Earth's surface from solar radiation, and are an example of convection. The sun warms the ground, which in turn warms the air directly above it...
, hydro
Hydroelectricity
Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy...
and nuclear
Nuclear power
Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity...
power plants.
The power
Electric power
Electric power is the rate at which electric energy is transferred by an electric circuit. The SI unit of power is the watt.-Circuits:Electric power, like mechanical power, is represented by the letter P in electrical equations...
generation was structured as follows:
| Fuel | | Percentage 2006 | | Percentage 2005 | | Percentage 2004 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coal | 39,57 % | 35,80 % | 37,55 % |
| Natural gas | 16,69 % | 14,07 % | 16,01 % |
| Coke Coke (fuel) Coke is the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes from coal are grey, hard, and porous. While coke can be formed naturally, the commonly used form is man-made.- History :... |
1,83 % | 2,68 % | 3,26 % |
| Nuclear Nuclear power Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity... |
9,20 % | 9,59 % | 10,07 % |
| Hydro Hydroelectricity Hydroelectricity is the term referring to electricity generated by hydropower; the production of electrical power through the use of the gravitational force of falling or flowing water. It is the most widely used form of renewable energy... |
32,02 % | 37,11 % | 31,61 % |
| Other conventional sources Fuel Fuel is any material that stores energy that can later be extracted to perform mechanical work in a controlled manner. Most fuels used by humans undergo combustion, a redox reaction in which a combustible substance releases energy after it ignites and reacts with the oxygen in the air... |
0,68 % | 0,75 % | 1,50 % |
| Wind | 0,00 % | 0,00 % | 0,00 % |
| Solar Solar power Solar energy, radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. Solar radiation, along with secondary solar-powered resources such as wind and wave power, hydroelectricity and biomass, account for most of the available... |
0,00 % | 0,00 % | 0,00 % |
| Biomass Biomass Biomass, as a renewable energy source, is biological material from living, or recently living organisms. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly, or converted into other energy products such as biofuel.... |
0,00 % | 0,00 % | 0,00 % |
Hydropower
Romania has an estimated total usable hydropower of 36,000 GW per year. In 2007 the total installed capacity of hydropower plants in Romania was 6,400 MW all of which were owned by HidroelectricaHidroelectrica
Hidroelectrica is a state-owned company, its shares being held by the Ministry of Economy, Commerce and Business Environment which has as main objective power generation and services by using hydropower resources in Romania....
.
In 2007, Romania produced 19.8 TW of hydropower
Hydropower
Hydropower, hydraulic power, hydrokinetic power or water power is power that is derived from the force or energy of falling water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes. Since ancient times, hydropower has been used for irrigation and the operation of various mechanical devices, such as...
. Romania co-ownes the Iron Gate I Hydroelectric Power Station on the Danube River located on the border between Romania and Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
, which is one of the largest hydroelectric power plants in Europe with an installed generation capacity of 2,216 MW by 6 generating units of 175 MW each on the Serbian side and 6 generating units of 194.4 MW on the Romanian side.
The two countries also jointly operate the Iron Gate II Hydroelectric Power Station with an installed generation capacity of 537 MW by 8 generating units of 27 MW on the Serbia
Serbia
Serbia , officially the Republic of Serbia , is a landlocked country located at the crossroads of Central and Southeast Europe, covering the southern part of the Carpathian basin and the central part of the Balkans...
n side and 10 generating units of 32 MW on the Romanian side.
The largest hydropower plant on the inner rivers of Romania is the Lotru-Ciunget Hydroelectric Power Station with an installed generation capacity of 510 MW but this power plant will be surpassed by the Tarniţa – Lăpuşteşti Hydroelectric Power Station which at completion in 2014 will have an installed generation capacity of 1,000 MW.
Nuclear energy
Nuclear power
Nuclear power is the use of sustained nuclear fission to generate heat and electricity. Nuclear power plants provide about 6% of the world's energy and 13–14% of the world's electricity, with the U.S., France, and Japan together accounting for about 50% of nuclear generated electricity...
capacity by means of one active nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is one or more nuclear reactors. As in a conventional thermal power station the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity.Nuclear power plants are usually...
with 2 reactors, which makes up to around 18 % of the national power generation capacity of the country. This makes Romania the 23rd largest user of nuclear power in the world
Nuclear power by country
Thirty countries operate nuclear power stations, and there are a considerable number of new reactors being built in China, South Korea, India, Pakistan, and Russia...
.
The Cernavodă Nuclear Power Plant
Cernavoda Nuclear Power Plant
The Nuclear Power Plant in Cernavodă is the only nuclear power plant in Romania. It produces around 20% of the country's electricity. It uses CANDU reactor technology from AECL, using heavy water produced at Drobeta-Turnu Severin as its neutron moderator and water from the Danube – Black Sea Canal...
is the only nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is one or more nuclear reactors. As in a conventional thermal power station the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity.Nuclear power plants are usually...
in Romania. It uses CANDU reactor
CANDU reactor
The CANDU reactor is a Canadian-invented, pressurized heavy water reactor. The acronym refers to its deuterium-oxide moderator and its use of uranium fuel...
technology from AECL
AECL
AECL is an acronym that can stand for:*Advanced Electronics Company Limited*Atomic Energy of Canada Limited*Australian Egg Corporation Limited...
, using heavy water
Heavy water
Heavy water is water highly enriched in the hydrogen isotope deuterium; e.g., heavy water used in CANDU reactors is 99.75% enriched by hydrogen atom-fraction...
produced at Drobeta-Turnu Severin
Drobeta-Turnu Severin
Drobeta-Turnu Severin is a city in Mehedinţi County, Oltenia, Romania, on the left bank of the Danube, below the Iron Gates.The city administers three villages: Dudaşu Schelei, Gura Văii, and Schela Cladovei...
as its neutron moderator
Neutron moderator
In nuclear engineering, a neutron moderator is a medium that reduces the speed of fast neutrons, thereby turning them into thermal neutrons capable of sustaining a nuclear chain reaction involving uranium-235....
and water from the Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
for cooling.
There are also plans for the construction of a second nuclear power plant
Nuclear power plant
A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is one or more nuclear reactors. As in a conventional thermal power station the heat is used to generate steam which drives a steam turbine connected to a generator which produces electricity.Nuclear power plants are usually...
in Transylvania
Transylvania
Transylvania is a historical region in the central part of Romania. Bounded on the east and south by the Carpathian mountain range, historical Transylvania extended in the west to the Apuseni Mountains; however, the term sometimes encompasses not only Transylvania proper, but also the historical...
that will either have 2 reactors of 1.200 MW each or 4 reactors of 600 MW each with an electricity generating capacity of 2.400 MW and will be constructed after 2020
Wind power
, Wind power in Romania has an installed capacity of 10 MW, up from the 3 MW installed capacity in 2006.Romania has a high wind power potential of around 14,000 MW and a power generating capacity of 23 TWh
TWH
TWH or twh could refer to:*Tennessee Walking Horse, a breed of horse* Toronto Western Hospital, a hospital in Toronto, Canada* TWH Bus & Coach, a bus company in Romford, England* Terrawatt-hour, measure of electrical energy, 1012 watt-hours...
, but until 2007 there were no significant wind farms in operation.
Other renewable energy
The annual energy potential for renewable energy in Romania is:- Wind energyWind energyWind energy is the kinetic energy of air in motion; see also wind power.Total wind energy flowing through an imaginary area A during the time t is:E = ½ m v2 = ½ v 2...
: 23 TWhTWHTWH or twh could refer to:*Tennessee Walking Horse, a breed of horse* Toronto Western Hospital, a hospital in Toronto, Canada* TWH Bus & Coach, a bus company in Romford, England* Terrawatt-hour, measure of electrical energy, 1012 watt-hours... - HydropowerHydropowerHydropower, hydraulic power, hydrokinetic power or water power is power that is derived from the force or energy of falling water, which may be harnessed for useful purposes. Since ancient times, hydropower has been used for irrigation and the operation of various mechanical devices, such as...
: 36 TWhTWHTWH or twh could refer to:*Tennessee Walking Horse, a breed of horse* Toronto Western Hospital, a hospital in Toronto, Canada* TWH Bus & Coach, a bus company in Romford, England* Terrawatt-hour, measure of electrical energy, 1012 watt-hours... - Solar energy: 1.2 TWhTWHTWH or twh could refer to:*Tennessee Walking Horse, a breed of horse* Toronto Western Hospital, a hospital in Toronto, Canada* TWH Bus & Coach, a bus company in Romford, England* Terrawatt-hour, measure of electrical energy, 1012 watt-hours...
electricity and 16.7 TWhTWHTWH or twh could refer to:*Tennessee Walking Horse, a breed of horse* Toronto Western Hospital, a hospital in Toronto, Canada* TWH Bus & Coach, a bus company in Romford, England* Terrawatt-hour, measure of electrical energy, 1012 watt-hours...
thermal energyThermal energyThermal energy is the part of the total internal energy of a thermodynamic system or sample of matter that results in the system's temperature.... - Geothermal energy: 1.9 TWhTWHTWH or twh could refer to:*Tennessee Walking Horse, a breed of horse* Toronto Western Hospital, a hospital in Toronto, Canada* TWH Bus & Coach, a bus company in Romford, England* Terrawatt-hour, measure of electrical energy, 1012 watt-hours...
- BiomassBiomassBiomass, as a renewable energy source, is biological material from living, or recently living organisms. As an energy source, biomass can either be used directly, or converted into other energy products such as biofuel....
and BiogasBiogasBiogas typically refers to a gas produced by the biological breakdown of organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Organic waste such as dead plant and animal material, animal dung, and kitchen waste can be converted into a gaseous fuel called biogas...
: 88.3 TWhTWHTWH or twh could refer to:*Tennessee Walking Horse, a breed of horse* Toronto Western Hospital, a hospital in Toronto, Canada* TWH Bus & Coach, a bus company in Romford, England* Terrawatt-hour, measure of electrical energy, 1012 watt-hours...
Biofuels
In recent years Romania increased its production of biofuelBiofuel
Biofuel is a type of fuel whose energy is derived from biological carbon fixation. Biofuels include fuels derived from biomass conversion, as well as solid biomass, liquid fuels and various biogases...
s in a sustained manner. The country uses rapeseed
Rapeseed
Rapeseed , also known as rape, oilseed rape, rapa, rappi, rapaseed is a bright yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae...
as a source of biodiesel
Biodiesel
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol....
. In 2007 Romania had a total cultivated area of 430,000 ha
Hectare
The hectare is a metric unit of area defined as 10,000 square metres , and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2...
with Rapeseed
Rapeseed
Rapeseed , also known as rape, oilseed rape, rapa, rappi, rapaseed is a bright yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae...
and had a production of 750,000 tonnes.
In 2007 Romania produced 400,000 tonnes of biodiesel
Biodiesel
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol....
mainly from rapeseed
Rapeseed
Rapeseed , also known as rape, oilseed rape, rapa, rappi, rapaseed is a bright yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae...
and sunflower
Sunflower
Sunflower is an annual plant native to the Americas. It possesses a large inflorescence . The sunflower got its name from its huge, fiery blooms, whose shape and image is often used to depict the sun. The sunflower has a rough, hairy stem, broad, coarsely toothed, rough leaves and circular heads...
seeds.
The German company MAN Ferrostaal invested US$ 200 million in the construction of a biodiesel
Biodiesel
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol....
refinery in Sibiu County
Sibiu County
Sibiu is a county of Romania, in the historical region Transylvania, with the capital city Sibiu.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 421,724 and the population density was 78/km²....
that produces around 142,000 tonnes of biodiesel
Biodiesel
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol....
per year.
There are other companies that are interested in investing in biodiesel
Biodiesel
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol....
in Romania like the Martifer Group
Martifer
Martifer is a multinational group based in Oliveira de Frades, Portugal, with over 3,000 employees, focusing its activity on the metal construction and renewable energy areas.The company launched its first operations in 1990 in the metal structure industry...
in Portugal that will build a biodiesel
Biodiesel
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol....
refinery in Călăraşi County
Calarasi County
Călărași is a county of Romania, in Muntenia, with the county seat at Călărași.-Demographics:In 2002, it had a population of 324,617 and a population density of 64/km².*Romanians – 95%*Roma and others.-List of cities by population:...
where it will invest US$ 120 million.
When this refinery will be at full capacity, Romania will be in the top ten biodiesel
Biodiesel
Biodiesel refers to a vegetable oil- or animal fat-based diesel fuel consisting of long-chain alkyl esters. Biodiesel is typically made by chemically reacting lipids with an alcohol....
producing countries in the world.