The Eurovision Song Contest

Eurovision Song Contest

The Eurovision Song Contest is an annual competition held among active member countries of the European Broadcasting Union .Each member country submits a song to be performed on live television and then casts votes for the other countries' songs to determine the most popular song in the competition...

 1977 was the 22nd edition series, and was held on 7 May 1977 in London

London

London is the capital city of :England and the :United Kingdom, the largest metropolitan area in the United Kingdom, and the largest urban zone in the European Union by most measures. Located on the River Thames, London has been a major settlement for two millennia, its history going back to its...

. With Angela Rippon

Angela Rippon

Angela M. Rippon, OBE, born 12 October 1944, Plymouth, Devon, England, is an English television journalist, newsreader, writer and presenter. Rippon presented radio and television news programmes in South West England before moving to BBC One's Nine O'Clock News, becoming a regular presenter in 1975...

 as the presenter, the contest was won by Marie Myriam

Marie Myriam

Marie Myriam is a French singer of Portuguese origins...

 who represented France, with her song "L'oiseau et l'enfant

L'Oiseau Et L'Enfant

"L'oiseau et l'enfant" was the winning song in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 performed in French by the Portuguese singer Marie Myriam, who represented France...

" (The Bird and the Child). This was France's fifth victory, a record, which was equalled by Luxembourg

Luxembourg

Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...

 in 1983 and the United Kingdom in 1997. It was equalled and beaten by Ireland

Ireland

Ireland is an island to the northwest of continental Europe. It is the third-largest island in Europe and the twentieth-largest island on Earth...

 in 1993 and 1994.

The language rule was brought back in this contest, four years after it had been dropped in 1973

Eurovision Song Contest 1973

The Eurovision Song Contest 1973 was the eighteenth Eurovision Song Contest and was held in Luxembourg. The language rule forcing countries to enter songs sung in any of their national languages was dropped, so performers from some countries sang in English....

. However Germany and Belgium were allowed to sing in English

English language

English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...

, because they had already chosen the songs they were going to sing before the rule was reintroduced.

As noted in The Eurovision Song Contest - The Official History by author and historian John Kennedy O'Connor, the contest was originally planned to be held on April 2, but because of a strike of BBC

BBC

The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. Its headquarters is at Broadcasting House in the City of Westminster, London. It is the largest broadcaster in the world, with about 23,000 staff...

 cameramen and technician

Technician

A technician is a worker in a field of technology who is proficient in the relevant skills and techniques, with a relatively practical understanding of the theoretical principles. Experienced technicians in a specific tool domain typically have intermediate understanding of theory and expert...

s, it had to be postponed.

At one point before the contest Tunisia

Tunisia

Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...

 was going to participate but they withdrew. Had Tunisia gone ahead they would have appeared fourth on stage. Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia

Yugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....

 also withdrew, and didn't return until 1981.

The Belgian act Dream Express had created some controversy in the press with reports that the three female members would wear transparent tops; this did not materialise for the actual event.

Although Marie Myriam

Marie Myriam

Marie Myriam is a French singer of Portuguese origins...

 won, the song which finished second, "Rock Bottom", written and performed by Lynsey De Paul

Lynsey De Paul

Lynsey de Paul is an English singer-songwriter. Allmusic journalist, Craig Harris stated, "one of the first successful female singer-songwriters in England, de Paul has had an illustrious career".-Early life:De Paul was born to Meta and Herbert Rubin, a property developer...

 and Mike Moran, was the most commercial with the European public since this song went on to become a top 10 hit in most European countries, unlike the winner "L'oiseau et l'enfant". The British conductor Ronnie Hazlehurst used an umbrella

Umbrella

An umbrella or parasol is a canopy designed to protect against rain or sunlight. The term parasol usually refers to an item designed to protect from the sun; umbrella refers to a device more suited to protect from rain...

 and wore a bowler hat

Bowler hat

The bowler hat, also known as a coke hat, derby , billycock or bombin, is a hard felt hat with a rounded crown originally created in 1849 for the English soldier and politician Edward Coke, the younger brother of the 2nd Earl of Leicester...

.

Results

Draw	Country	Language	Artist	Song	English translation	Place	Points
01		English English language English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...	The Swarbriggs Plus Two	"It's Nice to Be in Love Again It's Nice To Be In Love Again "It's Nice to Be in Love Again" was the Irish entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in English by The Swarbriggs Plus Two.The song is a moderately up-tempo number, with the band singing about the joy felt by someone in love again... "	–	3	119
02		French French language French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...	Michèle Torr	"Une petite française Une Petite Française "Une petite française" was the Monegasque entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in French by French singer Michèle Torr.... "	A little French girl	4	96
03		Dutch Dutch language Dutch is a West Germanic language and the native language of the majority of the population of the Netherlands, Belgium, and Suriname, the three member states of the Dutch Language Union. Most speakers live in the European Union, where it is a first language for about 23 million and a second...	Heddy Lester Heddy Lester Heddy Lester is a Dutch singer and actress, best known outside the Netherlands for her participation in the 1977 Eurovision Song Contest.- Early career :...	"De mallemolen De Mallemolen "De mallemolen" was the Dutch entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in Dutch by Heddy Lester. The song was composed by Lester's brother Frank Affolter, with lyrics by Wim Hogenkamp.... "	The merry-go-round	12	35
04		German German language German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....	Schmetterlinge	"Boom Boom Boomerang Boom Boom Boomerang "Boom Boom Boomerang" was the Austrian representative in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in German by Schmetterlinge.... "	–	17	11
05		Norwegian Norwegian language Norwegian is a North Germanic language spoken primarily in Norway, where it is the official language. Together with Swedish and Danish, Norwegian forms a continuum of more or less mutually intelligible local and regional variants .These Scandinavian languages together with the Faroese language...	Anita Skorgan Anita Skorgan Anita Skorgan is a Norwegian singer-songwriter. She was once married to Jahn Teigen, another successful Norwegian singer-songwriter...	"Casanova Casanova (song) "Casanova" was the Norwegian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in Norwegian by Anita Skorgan.The song is an up-tempo number, with Skorgan describing her husband, who is absent at the time. She is uncomplimentary about this, singing that he sees himself as a Casanova or a Don Juan... "	–	14	18
06		English English language English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...	Silver Convention Silver Convention Silver Convention was a German euro disco recording act of the 1970s. The group was originally named Silver Bird Convention, or Silver Bird.-Career:...	"Telegram Telegram (song) "Telegram" was the German entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in English by Silver Convention, a trio at the time consisting of Austrian Penny McLean , German-American Ramona Wulf and American Rhonda Heath.When Silver Convention... "	–	8	55
07		French French language French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...	Anne-Marie B	"Frère Jacques"	Brother John	16	17
08		Portuguese Portuguese language Portuguese is a Romance language that arose in the medieval Kingdom of Galicia, nowadays Galicia and Northern Portugal. The southern part of the Kingdom of Galicia became independent as the County of Portugal in 1095...	Os Amigos Os Amigos Os Amigos was a Portuguese band from the seventies.The band members were Fernanda Picarra, Luisa Basto, Edmundo Silva, Ana Bola, Fernando Tordo and Paulo de Carvalho...	"Portugal no coração Portugal No Coração "Portugal no coração" was the Portuguese entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in Portuguese by Os Amigos.The song is a ballad in praise of Portugal itself... "	Portugal in my heart	14	18
09		English English language English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...	Lynsey De Paul Lynsey De Paul Lynsey de Paul is an English singer-songwriter. Allmusic journalist, Craig Harris stated, "one of the first successful female singer-songwriters in England, de Paul has had an illustrious career".-Early life:De Paul was born to Meta and Herbert Rubin, a property developer...  and Mike Moran	"Rock Bottom Rock Bottom (Lynsey de Paul and Mike Moran song) "Rock Bottom" was the British entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in English by Lynsey de Paul and Mike Moran.The song says that when we are in a bad situation we should work to solve problems and not be pessimistic about tragedies... "	–	2	121
10		Greek Greek language Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...	Paschalis, Marianna, Robert & Bessy	"Mathima Solfege Mathima Solfege "Mathima Solfège" was the Greek entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in Greek by the constellation Pascalis, Marianna, Robert & Bessy, made up of Pascalis Arvanitidis, Marianna Toli, Robert Williams and Bessy Argyraki, all four established solo artists in their... " (Μάθημα σολφέζ)	Music lesson	5	92
11		Hebrew Hebrew language Hebrew is a Semitic language of the Afroasiatic language family. Culturally, is it considered by Jews and other religious groups as the language of the Jewish people, though other Jewish languages had originated among diaspora Jews, and the Hebrew language is also used by non-Jewish groups, such...	Ilanit Ilanit Ilanit is a female Israeli singer who represented her country twice in the Eurovision Song Contest. In 1953 the family moved to Brazil and returned to Israel in 1960....	"Ahava Hi Shir Lishnayim Ahava Hi Shir Lishnayim Ahava Hi Shir Lishnayim was the Israeli entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in Hebrew by Ilanit.The song is a love ballad, with Ilanit singing to her lover that "your song is my song"... " (אהבה היא שיר לשניים)	Love is a song for two	11	49
12		German German language German is a West Germanic language, related to and classified alongside English and Dutch. With an estimated 90 – 98 million native speakers, German is one of the world's major languages and is the most widely-spoken first language in the European Union....	Pepe Lienhard Band	"Swiss Lady Swiss Lady "Swiss Lady" was the Swiss entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in German by Pepe Lienhard Band. It remains the only Swiss entry to have reached no. 1 on the official Swiss Single Chart.... "	–	6	71
13		Swedish Swedish language Swedish is a North Germanic language, spoken by approximately 10 million people, predominantly in Sweden and parts of Finland, especially along its coast and on the Åland islands. It is largely mutually intelligible with Norwegian and Danish...	Forbes Forbes (band) Forbes was a Swedish dansband of the 1970s.The band represented Sweden in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 with the entry "Beatles". The song is about the British band of the same name. Despite the popular topic of the song, Forbes ended in 18th and last place and mustered only two points...	"Beatles Beatles (song) "Beatles", written by Sven Olov Bagge and Claes Bure, was the song that, performed by Swedish dansband Forbes, won the Swedish Melodifestivalen 1977. The song's lyrics are about the popular 1960s British pop group the Beatles and include the phrase "Yeah, yeah, yeah" as an homage to the Beatles... "	–	18	2
14		Spanish Spanish language Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...	Micky Micky (Spanish singer) Micky is a Spanish singer.He began his music career in 1962 leading the band Micky y Los Tonys, which brought out 30 singles and 5 albums...	"Enséñame a cantar Enséñame a cantar "Enséñame a cantar" was the Spanish entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in Spanish by Micky.... "	Teach me to sing	9	52
15		Italian Italian language Italian is a Romance language spoken mainly in Europe: Italy, Switzerland, San Marino, Vatican City, by minorities in Malta, Monaco, Croatia, Slovenia, France, Libya, Eritrea, and Somalia, and by immigrant communities in the Americas and Australia...	Mia Martini Mia Martini Mia Martini was an Italian singer.-Early life:Born Domenica Bertè in 1947 in Bagnara Calabra , she moved to Rome with her sister and her friend Renato Zero.-Career:She recorded her first records as Mimì Berté, but she soon decided to change her name to Mia...	"Libera Libera (song) "Libera" was the Italian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in Italian by Mia Martini, at the time arguably Italy's most successful and celebrated female artist, having had a number of hits like "Padre davvero...", "Gesù è mio fratello" , "Credo", "Piccolo uomo", "Donna sola" ,... "	Free	13	33
16		Finnish Finnish language Finnish is the language spoken by the majority of the population in Finland Primarily for use by restaurant menus and by ethnic Finns outside Finland. It is one of the two official languages of Finland and an official minority language in Sweden. In Sweden, both standard Finnish and Meänkieli, a...	Monica Aspelund Monica Aspelund -Life/ career:Born into a family of Swedish speaking Finlanders, Aspelund danced and sang in talent shows from an early age making her recording debut at age fourteen with "Katso, kenguru loikkaa" a children's song recorded in the autumn of 1960...	"Lapponia Lapponia (song) "Lapponia" was the Finnish entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in Finnish by Monica Aspelund.The song was performed sixteenth on the night, following Italy's Mia Martini with "Libera" and preceding Belgium's Dream Express with "A Million in One, Two, Three"... "	Lapland	10	50
17		English English language English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...	Dream Express	"A Million in One, Two, Three A Million In One, Two, Three "A Million in One, Two, Three" was the Belgian entry in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977, performed in English by Dream Express, a band consisting of Luc Smets and the three sisters Maessen; Bianca, Patricia and Stella... "	–	7	69
18		French French language French is a Romance language spoken as a first language in France, the Romandy region in Switzerland, Wallonia and Brussels in Belgium, Monaco, the regions of Quebec and Acadia in Canada, and by various communities elsewhere. Second-language speakers of French are distributed throughout many parts...	Marie Myriam Marie Myriam Marie Myriam is a French singer of Portuguese origins...	"L'oiseau et l'enfant L'Oiseau Et L'Enfant "L'oiseau et l'enfant" was the winning song in the Eurovision Song Contest 1977 performed in French by the Portuguese singer Marie Myriam, who represented France... "	The bird and the child	1	136

Voting structure

Each country had a jury who awarded 12, 10, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 points for their top ten songs.

Greece and France both gave points to countries in excess, 11 and 12 respectively. Greece gave 4 points to two countries: Spain and Austria with 3, 2 and 1 point given respectively to Finland, Netherlands and United Kingdom. Eventually Spain's score remained and Austria's score was reduced to 3. The following countries also achieved less points as Finland got 2, Netherlands got 1 and United Kingdom was left without a point from Greek jury. France gave 3 points to both Greece and Israel, 2 to Germany and 1 to both Austria and Belgium. Eventually Greek mark was left untouched, Israeli was reduced to 2, German was reduced to 1 with Austria and Belgium failing to receive any point from French jury. This was not corrected until after the contest, and may have contributed to the ascending order of votes introduced three years later.

Score sheet

		Results
	Ireland		8	1	5	12	5	8	1	12	10	12	8	12	4	8		3	10
	Monaco	5			8	1	6	1	6	7	12	2	6	10	8	12	5	2	5
	Netherlands	3	3							1	1	1	7		1			10	8
	Austria		5			2					3						1
	Norway							3	2	2				1		5		5
	Germany	1	1	3	2			2	8	8	8	5		5	5	6			1
	Luxembourg	2													7		8
	Portugal		2	2			1						4			3			6
	United Kingdom		12	7	12	7	10	12	12			8		8	3	2	4	12	12
	Greece		10	10	4	4	4	6	10	5		3	1	7	12	1	6	6	3
	Israel	7	7	5	3	5							10	3	6			1	2
	Switzerland	6			10	10		5	4	4	6	4				4	10	8
	Sweden						2
	Spain			6	1		7	7		3	4		3			7	7	7
	Italy	8	6				3		3				2		2		2		7
	Finland	12		4	6	8					2	7	5	2					4
	Belgium	4		12		6	8	4	7	10	5	6		4			3
	France	10	4	8	7	3	12	10	5	6	7	10	12	6	10	10	12	4
THE TABLE IS ORDERED BY APPEARANCE

12 points

Below is a summary of all 12 points in the final:

N.	Recipient nation	Voting nation
6	United Kingdom United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...	Austria Austria Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the... , Belgium Belgium Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many... , France France The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France... , Luxembourg Luxembourg Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south... , Monaco Monaco Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the... , Portugal Portugal Portugal , officially the Portuguese Republic is a country situated in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula. Portugal is the westernmost country of Europe, and is bordered by the Atlantic Ocean to the West and South and by Spain to the North and East. The Atlantic archipelagos of the...
4	Ireland Republic of Ireland Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...	Israel Israel The State of Israel is a parliamentary republic located in the Middle East, along the eastern shore of the Mediterranean Sea... , Norway Norway Norway , officially the Kingdom of Norway, is a Nordic unitary constitutional monarchy whose territory comprises the western portion of the Scandinavian Peninsula, Jan Mayen, and the Arctic archipelago of Svalbard and Bouvet Island. Norway has a total area of and a population of about 4.9 million... , Sweden Sweden Sweden , officially the Kingdom of Sweden , is a Nordic country on the Scandinavian Peninsula in Northern Europe. Sweden borders with Norway and Finland and is connected to Denmark by a bridge-tunnel across the Öresund.... , United Kingdom United Kingdom The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
3	France France The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...	Finland Finland Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside... , Germany Germany Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate... , Switzerland Switzerland Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
2	Monaco Monaco Monaco , officially the Principality of Monaco , is a sovereign city state on the French Riviera. It is bordered on three sides by its neighbour, France, and its centre is about from Italy. Its area is with a population of 35,986 as of 2011 and is the most densely populated country in the...	Greece Greece Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe.... , Italy Italy Italy , officially the Italian Republic languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Italy's official name is as follows:;;;;;;;;), is a unitary parliamentary republic in South-Central Europe. To the north it borders France, Switzerland, Austria and...
1	Belgium Belgium Belgium , officially the Kingdom of Belgium, is a federal state in Western Europe. It is a founding member of the European Union and hosts the EU's headquarters, and those of several other major international organisations such as NATO.Belgium is also a member of, or affiliated to, many...	Netherlands Netherlands The Netherlands is a constituent country of the Kingdom of the Netherlands, located mainly in North-West Europe and with several islands in the Caribbean. Mainland Netherlands borders the North Sea to the north and west, Belgium to the south, and Germany to the east, and shares maritime borders...
	Finland Finland Finland , officially the Republic of Finland, is a Nordic country situated in the Fennoscandian region of Northern Europe. It is bordered by Sweden in the west, Norway in the north and Russia in the east, while Estonia lies to its south across the Gulf of Finland.Around 5.4 million people reside...	Ireland Republic of Ireland Ireland , described as the Republic of Ireland , is a sovereign state in Europe occupying approximately five-sixths of the island of the same name. Its capital is Dublin. Ireland, which had a population of 4.58 million in 2011, is a constitutional republic governed as a parliamentary democracy,...
	Greece Greece Greece , officially the Hellenic Republic , and historically Hellas or the Republic of Greece in English, is a country in southeastern Europe....	Spain Spain Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...

Conductors

Host conductor in bold

- Noel Kelehan

Noel Kelehan

Noel Kelehan is an Irish musician, former conductor of the RTÉ Concert Orchestra and former musical director of Radio Telefís Éireann. He retired as conductor in 1998.-Bio:...

  - Yvon Rioland  - Harry van Hoof

Harry van Hoof

Harry van Hoof is a Dutch conductor, composer and music arranger.Hoof has written many successful productions to his name already, he has his own production company and he had his first success as an arranger with "Sofie" by Johnny Lion.Hoof has conducted Dutch entries on 15 occasions for the...

 - Christian Kolonovits  - Carsten Klouman

Carsten Klouman

Carsten Klouman was born in Oslo and was a Norwegian pianist, arranger and composer. He was the son of actor Thoralf Klouman....

 - Ronnie Hazlehurst

Ronnie Hazlehurst

Ronald "Ronnie" Hazlehurst was an English composer and conductor who, having joined the BBC in 1961, became its Light Entertainment Musical Director....

  - Johnny Arthey  - Jose Calvario

José Calvário

José Carlos Calvário was a Portuguese composer and conductor.He was also a composer, and songwriter, and conducted at many Portuguese festivals....

• - Ronnie Hazlehurst

- George Hatzinassios  - Eldad Shrim - Peter Jacques  - Anders Berglund

Anders Berglund

Anders Berglund is a Swedish organizer, composer, conductor, pianist and musician.-Career:Berglund is known as the Melodifestivalen conductor 16 times....

 - Rafael Ibarbia  - Maurizio Fabrizio  - Ossi Runne

Ossi Runne

Yrjö Osvald "Ossi" Runne is a Finnish trumpeter, orchestra leader, composer, and record producer....

  - Alyn Ainsworth

Alyn Ainsworth

Alyn Ainsworth was a singer and dance band conductor in the late 20th century-Education and early career:...

  - Raymond Donnez

Raymond Donnez

Raymond Donnez, or Don Ray, was a disco producer, arranger and performer. He played keyboards on Cerrone's records "Love in C Minor", "IV", "VI", and "VIII" and released one solo album, "Garden of Love", which featured his successful single "Got to Have Loving", cowritten with Cerrone, who drummed...

Returning artists

Artist	Country	Previous year(s)
Beatrix Neudlinger (part of Schmetterlinge)		1972 Eurovision Song Contest 1972 The Eurovision Song Contest 1972 was the 17th edition series. Monaco was unable to host this year's Eurovision as they were unable to provide the resources. They approached French TV, who agreed to produce the contest, but only if the contest was staged in France and not the planned Monte Carlo...  (part of The Milestones Milestones (band) Milestones, also referred as The Milestones in the Eurovision official web site, were an Austrian rock band, active between 1968 and 1975. They are known for their participation in the 1972 Eurovision Song Contest.- 1968-1972 :... )
Günter Grosslercher (part of Schmetterlinge)		1972 Eurovision Song Contest 1972 The Eurovision Song Contest 1972 was the 17th edition series. Monaco was unable to host this year's Eurovision as they were unable to provide the resources. They approached French TV, who agreed to produce the contest, but only if the contest was staged in France and not the planned Monte Carlo...  (part of The Milestones Milestones (band) Milestones, also referred as The Milestones in the Eurovision official web site, were an Austrian rock band, active between 1968 and 1975. They are known for their participation in the 1972 Eurovision Song Contest.- 1968-1972 :... )
Patricia Maessen (part of Dream Express)		1970 Eurovision Song Contest 1970 The Eurovision Song Contest 1970 was the 15th Eurovision Song Contest, held on 21 March 1970 at the RAI Congrescentrum in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Amsterdam contest is regarded as one of the most significant in Eurovision history for a number of reasons....  (for Netherlands Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest The Netherlands was one of the seven countries competing in the very first Eurovision Song Contest in 1956. It has missed only four contests so far... ) (part of Hearts of Soul Hearts of Soul Hearts of Soul was formed by three Harderwijkse sisters: Bianca, Stella and Patricia Maessen.They worked in the late 1960s as session singers for, among other things, Dusty Springfield, until 1968, when they were discovered.... )
Bianca Maessen (part of Dream Express)		1970 Eurovision Song Contest 1970 The Eurovision Song Contest 1970 was the 15th Eurovision Song Contest, held on 21 March 1970 at the RAI Congrescentrum in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Amsterdam contest is regarded as one of the most significant in Eurovision history for a number of reasons....  (for Netherlands Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest The Netherlands was one of the seven countries competing in the very first Eurovision Song Contest in 1956. It has missed only four contests so far... ) (part of Hearts of Soul Hearts of Soul Hearts of Soul was formed by three Harderwijkse sisters: Bianca, Stella and Patricia Maessen.They worked in the late 1960s as session singers for, among other things, Dusty Springfield, until 1968, when they were discovered.... )
Stella Maessen Stella Maessen Stella Maessen is a Dutch singer, best known for her participation in the Eurovision Song Contests of 1970, 1977 and 1982- Hearts of Soul :...  (part of Dream Express)		1970 Eurovision Song Contest 1970 The Eurovision Song Contest 1970 was the 15th Eurovision Song Contest, held on 21 March 1970 at the RAI Congrescentrum in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The Amsterdam contest is regarded as one of the most significant in Eurovision history for a number of reasons....  (for Netherlands Netherlands in the Eurovision Song Contest The Netherlands was one of the seven countries competing in the very first Eurovision Song Contest in 1956. It has missed only four contests so far... ) (part of Hearts of Soul Hearts of Soul Hearts of Soul was formed by three Harderwijkse sisters: Bianca, Stella and Patricia Maessen.They worked in the late 1960s as session singers for, among other things, Dusty Springfield, until 1968, when they were discovered.... )
The Swarbriggs The Swarbriggs Thomas Sheridan and John James Swarbrigg are Irish music promoters and former pop musicians. As The Swarbriggs they represented Ireland at the 1975 Eurovision Song Contest with That's What Friends Are For. As The Swarbriggs Plus Two, with Nicola Kerr and Alma Carroll, they competed again in 1977...		1975 Eurovision Song Contest 1975 The Eurovision Song Contest 1975 was the 20th edition of the contest hosted by SR and held in Stockholm, Sweden. The arena for the event was the newly built Stockholm International Fairs in Älvsjö in southern Stockholm. ABBA's victory in Brighton the previous year gave Sweden the right to host the...
Ilanit Ilanit Ilanit is a female Israeli singer who represented her country twice in the Eurovision Song Contest. In 1953 the family moved to Brazil and returned to Israel in 1960....		1973 Eurovision Song Contest 1973 The Eurovision Song Contest 1973 was the eighteenth Eurovision Song Contest and was held in Luxembourg. The language rule forcing countries to enter songs sung in any of their national languages was dropped, so performers from some countries sang in English....
Michèle Torr		1966 Eurovision Song Contest 1966 The Eurovision Song Contest 1966 was the 11th edition and was held on 5 March 1966 in Luxembourg, Luxembourg. The rule stating that a country could only sing in any of its national languages was originally created in this year. This was possibly created due to the 1965 Swedish entry, "Absent...  (for Luxembourg Luxembourg in the Eurovision Song Contest Luxembourg was one of the countries to participate in the first Eurovision Song Contest in 1956.From their debut to 1993 Luxembourg competed frequently in the Contest, being absent from the contest once during this period... )
Fernando Tordo Fernando Tordo Fernando Tordo, born March 29, 1948 in Lisbon, Portugal, is a singer and composer. In 1969, he made his singing debut on Portuguese television, while competing to represent his country in the Eurovision Song Contest . He would try again for the next 3 years until he finally won in 1973, with his...  (part of Os Amigos Os Amigos Os Amigos was a Portuguese band from the seventies.The band members were Fernanda Picarra, Luisa Basto, Edmundo Silva, Ana Bola, Fernando Tordo and Paulo de Carvalho... )		1973 Eurovision Song Contest 1973 The Eurovision Song Contest 1973 was the eighteenth Eurovision Song Contest and was held in Luxembourg. The language rule forcing countries to enter songs sung in any of their national languages was dropped, so performers from some countries sang in English....
Paulo de Carvalho Paulo de Carvalho Paulo de Carvalho is a Portuguese singer.Carvalho was a member of the band The Sheiks during the 1970s, and participated in the Festival RTP da Canção and Eurovision Song Contest in 1974 and 1977...  (part of Os Amigos Os Amigos Os Amigos was a Portuguese band from the seventies.The band members were Fernanda Picarra, Luisa Basto, Edmundo Silva, Ana Bola, Fernando Tordo and Paulo de Carvalho... )		1974 Eurovision Song Contest 1974 The Eurovision Song Contest 1974 was the 19th Eurovision Song Contest. It was held in the seaside resort of Brighton on the south coast of the United Kingdom...

Commentators

- Mike Murphy (RTÉ Television), John Skehan

John Skehan

John Skehan was a prolific broadcaster on RTÉ, radio and television, for four decades.Prior to joining RTÉ, Skehan served in the Irish Army, reaching the rank of captain during The Emergency....

 (RTÉ Radio 1

RTÉ Radio 1

RTÉ Radio 1 is the principal radio channel of Irish public-service broadcaster Raidió Teilifís Éireann and is the direct descendant of Dublin radio station 2RN, which began broadcasting on a regular basis on 1 January 1926...

) - Georges de Caunes (Télé Monte Carlo

Télé Monte Carlo

Télé Monte Carlo or TMC Monte Carlo, traditionally known as TMC is a Monégasque general entertainment television channel.-History:The oldest private channel in Europe, TMC dates back to 1954, inaugurated by Rainier III, Prince of Monaco...

) - Ati Dijckmeester

Ati Dijckmeester

Ati Dijckmeester is a Dutch television presenter and former Radio DJ. She made her debut to television in 1965....

 (Nederland 2

Nederland 2

Nederland 2 is a Dutch television channel, one of three alongside Nederland 1 and Nederland 3. It was established in October 1964 and tends to broadcast sports, light entertainment, news and current affairs programming....

) - Ernst Grissemann

Ernst Grissemann

Ernst Grissemann is an Austrian television presenter, journalist and actor.Grissemann was born in Imst, he joint radio in July 1954 as a news broadcaster and continuity announcer for Radio Luxembourg, when Österreichischer Rundfunk was launched in 1955 Grisseman joint and worked as an odd-job man...

 (1. Programm) - John Andreassen

John Andreassen

John Andreassen is a Norwegian TV-producer who has been behind a number of TV productions for the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation. He was in 2000 the country's only Professor of Multi-Camera Production, and has taught at Lillehammer University College...

 (NRK

NRK1

NRK1 is the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation's main television channel. Test broadcasts started on 12 January 1954, regular test broadcasts started on 13 April 1958 and regular broadcasts started in 20 August 1960. It is Norway's oldest and largest television channel...

), Erik Heyerdahl (NRK P1

NRK P1

NRK P1 is one of three nation-wide analogue radio channels operated by the Norwegian Broadcasting Corporation . It is the direct descendant of NRK's first radio station which began broadcasting in 1933...

) - Werner Veigel

Werner Veigel

Werner Veigel was a German journalist and news presenter.After finishing school he began to work in a travel agency. In 1950 he started as a news presenter on Radio Hilversum. In 1954 Veigel began to work as journalist on Nordwestdeutscher Rundfunk. Since 1966 he worked for TV news programm...

 (ARD Deutsches Fernsehen

Das Erste

Erstes Deutsches Fernsehen , marketed as Das Erste , is the principal publicly owned television channel in Germany...

) - Jacques Navadic

Jacques Navadic

Jacques Navadic was a Broadcasting editor and Television presenter who joined Radio Luxembourg in 1955. He worked with Robert Diligent. He was the regular Luxembourgian commentator in the Eurovision Song Contest and worked for RTL Luxembourg.-References:...

 (RTL Télé Luxembourg

RTL9

RTL9 is a Luxembourger television channel shown internationally to viewers in Luxembourg, France, Belgium and francophone Switzerland.- Télé-Luxembourg :...

) – Fialho Gouveia

Fialho Gouveia

José Manuel Bastos Fialho Gouveia, was a Portuguese television entertainment pioneer and former radio host, having hosted Portugal’s first television talk show....

 (I Programa) - Pete Murray (BBC1

BBC One

BBC One is the flagship television channel of the British Broadcasting Corporation in the United Kingdom. It was launched on 2 November 1936 as the BBC Television Service, and was the world's first regular television service with a high level of image resolution...

), Terry Wogan

Terry Wogan

Sir Michael Terence Wogan, KBE, DL , or also known as Terry Wogan, is a veteran Irish radio and television broadcaster who holds dual Irish and British citizenship. Wogan has worked for the BBC in the United Kingdom for most of his career...

 (BBC Radio 2

BBC Radio 2

BBC Radio 2 is one of the BBC's national radio stations and the most popular station in the United Kingdom. Much of its daytime playlist-based programming is best described as Adult Contemporary or AOR, although the station is also noted for its specialist broadcasting of other musical genres...

) - Mako Georgiadou (ERT) - No commentator - Theodor Haller (TV DRS

SF 1

SF 1 is a Swiss television channel run under the public SRG SSR idée suisse broadcasting group. It is the first of the three national German language channels in Switzerland ....

), Georges Hardy (TSR

TSR 1

TSR 1 is a Swiss public television channel owned by Télévision Suisse Romande.- History :Launched on 1 November 1954 to succeed Télé Geneva, TSR 1 is the first channel of the two French Swiss networks of television group TSR ....

), Giovanni Bertini

Giovanni Bertini

Giovanni Bertini is a retired Italian professional football player.He played for 6 seasons in the Serie A for A.S. Roma, Ascoli Calcio 1898 and ACF Fiorentina.-External links:*...

 (TSI) - Ulf Elfving

Ulf Elfving

Ulf Elfving is a Swedish journalist.Elfving started his career in the 1960s. He was programme manager of the Swedish charts between 1966 and 1973 and Record Mirror in the 1970s...

 (SR TV1

SVT1

SVT1 is the primary television station of the Swedish public service broadcaster Sveriges Television in Sweden.-History:The channel began broadcasting in 1956 and was known as Radiotjänst TV, A year later, it was renamed Sveriges Radio TV. In 1969, the second television station TV2 was launched and...

), Ursula Richter & Åke Strömmer (SR P3

Sveriges Radio

Sveriges Radio AB – Swedish Radio Ltd – is Sweden's national publicly funded radio broadcaster. The Swedish public-broadcasting system is in many respects modelled after the one used in the United Kingdom, and Sveriges Radio - like Sveriges Television - shares many characteristics with...

) - Miguel de los Santos

Miguel de los Santos

Miguel de los Santos is a Spanish television presenter.Born on July 30, 1936 Miguel joint Radio SEU in 1954 as an announcer and then joint Radio Spain. He joint TVE in 1959 and presented shows such as Two in One. For six years he was the Spanish Commentator at the Eurovision Song Contest.In 2002...

 (TVE1) - Silvio Noto (Rete 1) - Erkki Toivanen (YLE TV2

YLE TV2

YLE TV2 is a Finnish television channel owned and operated by YLE.TV2 launched in 1964, and broadcasts public service programming, children's, youth, sport and music programmes.-Own Productions:* Ajankohtainen kakkonen* Akuutti* Jopet Show* Kummeli...

) - Luc Appermont

Luc Appermont

Luc Appermont is a Flemish television presenter. He started his career on Radio 2 as a radio announcer, he hosted the talent show Observatory. From 1976 until 1990 he was the regular Belgian commentator for the Dutch speaking region in the Eurovision Song Contest.In 1990, Appermont left BRT and...

 (BRT TV1

EEN

EEN may refer to:* Eastern Educational Television Network, the original name for American Public Television.* Elemental Energy, a Yu-Gi-Oh! Trading Card Game booster pack.* Emerald Energy, an oil company...

), Paule Herreman

Paule Herreman

Paule Herreman was a Belgian Actress and television presenter for RTBF.Herreman started her debut to television as a Television Announcer. In 1954 she joint INR to work with the Eurovision, Herreman even provided the French language commentary for RTBF viewers on 10 occasions for the Eurovision...

 (RTBF1

La Une

La Une is a Belgian national television channel, owned and operated by RTBF.- INR :The Institut National de Radiodiffusion began experimental television in Belgium on 2 June 1953, with the crowning of Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom...

) - Georges de Caunes (TF1

TF1

TF1 is a national French TV channel, controlled by TF1 Group, whose major share-holder is Bouygues. TF1's average market share of 24% makes it the most popular domestic network...

) (Non-participating country) - Claus Toksvig

Claus Toksvig

Claus Toksvig was a Danish journalist and broadcaster who, as the Danish Broadcasting Corporation's first ever permanent foreign correspondent, is widely acknowledged as one of the greatest figures in Danish broadcasting history.In later life he turned his attention to politics...

 (DR TV

DR1

DR1 is a Danish national television channel, produced by the public service broadcaster, DR. It was the first television station to be established in Denmark, and began broadcasting in 1951 – at first only for an hour a day three times a week....

) (Non-participating country) - Bülend Özveren

Bülend Özveren

Bülend Özveren is a Turkish television presenter and sport speaker. He completed his secondary education from Lycée Saint-Benoît and higher education from Galatasaray High School. He graduated from Istanbul University, faculty of Law. He started to work at TRT on 31 July 1965. For a long time he...

 (Ankara Television

TRT 1

TRT 1 is the first Turkish national television station. It launched on January 31 , 1968.-Introduction:TRT 1, the first television channel in Turkey, started their test transmissions on January 31, 1968, and commenced full national broadcasts in December 1971. It was the only channel in Turkey...

)

Spokespersons

- Brendan Balfe

Brendan Balfe

Brendan Balfe is an Irish radio personality, who has been on-air consistently for more than 40 years on RTÉ. Comedy has been a feature of many of Balfe's programmes...

 - TBC - Ralph Inbar - TBC - Sverre Christophersen - TBC - Jacques Harvey – Ana Zanatti - Colin Berry

Colin Berry

Colin Berry is a British radio disc jockey/presenter and newsreader, best known for his many years at BBC Radio 2.Colin started his radio career reading news on Radio Caroline in 1965....

 - Naki Agathou - Yitzhak Shim'oni - Michel Stocker - Sven Lindahl - Isabel Tenaille - Rosanna Vaudetti

Rosanna Vaudetti

Rosanna Vaudetti is a television host and Television Announcer for RAI.Vaudetti was born on December 19, 1937 in Ancona, she was educated at the University of Turin where she was appointed by Radiotelevisione Italiana in around late 1960 and became a television announcer for Secondo Programma in 1961...

 - Kaarina Pönniö - An Ploegaerts - TBC

National jury members

– José Martínez

José Martínez

José Orlando Martínez Peña is a retired Salvadoran football player, who most prominently played as a forward for Luis Ángel Firpo.-Club career:...

 (Fallas artist), María Antonia Martínez (secretary), Claudio Mariscal (doctor), Celia García (student), María José Cantudo (actress), Rosa Grajal (stewardess), Ángel del Pozo (film director), María Ángeles Morán (Science teacher), Adolfo Fernández (head waiter and catering manager), Esperanza de la Fuente (nurse), Roberto Fernández "Rofer" (drawer and painter)