Executive Yuan
Encyclopedia
The Executive Yuan is the executive branch of the government
of the Republic of China
(ROC), commonly known as "Taiwan".
(often translated as premier), and has a vice president (vice premier), and eight cabinet ministers, various chairpersons of commissions, and five to seven ministers without portfolio as its members. The vice premier, ministers, and chairpersons are appointed by the President of the Republic of China
on the recommendation of the premier.
Its formation, as one of five Yuans of the government, stemmed from the Three Principles of the People
, the constitutional theory of Sun Yat-sen
, but was adjusted constitutionally over the years to adapt to the situation in Taiwan
by changes in the laws and the Constitution of the Republic of China
.
Empowered by various laws, or even the Constitution, under the Executive Yuan several individual boards are formed to enforce different executive functions of the government. Unless regulated otherwise, the chairs are appointed by and answer to the Premier. The committee members of the boards are usually (a) governmental officials for the purpose of interdepartmental coordination and cooperation; or (b) creditable professionals for their reputation and independence.
Authorized by Article Five of the organic law of the Executive Yuan:
Authorized by Article Nine of the amendments of the Constitution of the Republic of China
:
, amnesty
, declarations of war
, conclusion of peace or treaties, and other important affairs before submission to the Legislative Yuan
.
Whenever there is disagreement between the Legislative Yuan and Executive Yuan, the Legislative Yuan may pass a resolution asking the Executive Yuan to alter the policy proposal in question. The Executive Yuan may, in turn, ask the Legislative Yuan to reconsider. Afterwards, if the Legislative Yuan upholds the original resolution, the premier must abide by the resolution or resign. The Executive Yuan may also present an alternative budgetary bill if the one passed by the Legislative Yuan is deemed difficult to execute.
Government
Government refers to the legislators, administrators, and arbitrators in the administrative bureaucracy who control a state at a given time, and to the system of government by which they are organized...
of the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
(ROC), commonly known as "Taiwan".
Organization and structure
It is headed by a presidentPremier of the Republic of China
The President of the Executive Yuan , commonly known as the Premier of the Republic of China , is the head of the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the Republic of China , which currently administers Taiwan, Matsu, and Kinmen. The premier is appointed by the President of the Republic of China...
(often translated as premier), and has a vice president (vice premier), and eight cabinet ministers, various chairpersons of commissions, and five to seven ministers without portfolio as its members. The vice premier, ministers, and chairpersons are appointed by the President of the Republic of China
President of the Republic of China
The President of the Republic of China is the head of state and commander-in-chief of the Republic of China . The Republic of China was founded on January 1, 1912, to govern all of China...
on the recommendation of the premier.
Its formation, as one of five Yuans of the government, stemmed from the Three Principles of the People
Three Principles of the People
The Three Principles of the People, also translated as Three People's Principles, or collectively San-min Doctrine, is a political philosophy developed by Sun Yat-sen as part of a philosophy to make China a free, prosperous, and powerful nation...
, the constitutional theory of Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen
Sun Yat-sen was a Chinese doctor, revolutionary and political leader. As the foremost pioneer of Nationalist China, Sun is frequently referred to as the "Father of the Nation" , a view agreed upon by both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China...
, but was adjusted constitutionally over the years to adapt to the situation in Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
by changes in the laws and the Constitution of the Republic of China
Constitution of the Republic of China
The Constitution of the Republic of China is the fundamental law of the Republic of China . Drafted by the Kuomintang as part of its third stage of national development , it established a centralized Republic with five branches of government...
.
Ministries
- InteriorMinistry of the Interior (Republic of China)The Ministry of the Interior of the Republic of China is a cabinet level executive yuan agency responsible for home affairs and security throughout the Free Area of the Republic of China...
(內政; Nèizhèng) - Foreign AffairsMinistry of Foreign Affairs (Republic of China)The Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Republic of China is a cabinet level policy-making body, governed under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. The fundamental purpose of the ministry is to promote, expand, and conduct bilateral foreign affairs with other nations. It is in charge of...
(外交; Wàijiāo) - National Defense (國防; Guófāng)
- Finance (財政 ;Cáizhèng) – List of ministers
- EducationMinistry of Education (Republic of China)The Ministry of Education of the Republic of China is responsible for incorporating educational policies and managing public schools throughout the Free Area of the Republic of China. The ministry is a cabinet level governmental body of the Executive Yuan...
(教育; Jiàoyù) - JusticeMinistry of Justice (Republic of China)The Ministry of Justice of the Republic of China is a ministerial level governmental body of the Executive Yuan. It is responsible for carrying out various judicial functions in the Republic of China .-Organization:...
(法務; Făwù) - Economic AffairsMinistry of Economic Affairs (Republic of China)Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Republic of China is responsible for formulating policy and laws for industry and trade, foreign direct investment, energy, minerals, measurement standards, intellectual property, state-owned enterprises throughout the Free Area of the Republic of China. The...
(經濟; Jīngjì) - Transportation and CommunicationsMinistry of Transportation and Communications (Republic of China)The Ministry of Transportation and Communications of the Republic of China is a cabinet-level governmental body of the Executive Yuan. It is in charge of all policy and regulation of transportation and communications networks and administration of all transportation and communications operations...
(交通; Jiāotōng)
Councils and Commissions
- Council of AgricultureCouncil of AgricultureThe Council of Agriculture is the official government body in the Republic of China charged with overseeing agricultural affairs. It is a child agency of the Executive Yuan and was formed in 1984 from the amalgamation of the Agriculture Bureau of the Ministry of Economic Affairs and the Council...
- Atomic Energy CouncilAtomic Energy CouncilAtomic Energy Council is an independent government agency of the Executive Yuan, Republic of China which is responsible for atomic safety, development and regulations. It also conducts research and development into atomic technologies.- History :...
- Aviation Safety CouncilAviation Safety CouncilThe Aviation Safety Council was established in May 1998 as the independent government agency responsible for aviation accident investigation, with the purpose of analyzing causal factors and proposing flight safety recommendations in the Free Area of the Republic of China...
- Council for Cultural AffairsCouncil for Cultural AffairsThe Council for Cultural Affairs is a cabinet-level unit under the Executive Yuan of the government of the Republic of China . It is to design the culture policy within Free Area of the Republic of China.-External links:*...
- Council for Hakka AffairsCouncil for Hakka AffairsThe Council for Hakka Affairs , established in 2001, is a cabinet-level unit under the Executive Yuan of the government of the Republic of China .-List of the ministers:* Fan Guang-chuin 2001 to 2002* Yeh Chu-lan 2002 to 2004...
- Council of Indigenous PeoplesCouncil of Indigenous PeoplesThe Council of Indigenous Peoples , a ministry-level body under the Executive Yuan in Taiwan, was established in 1996 to provide a central point of government supervision for indigenous affairs, as well as a central interface for the Taiwan's indigenous community to interact...
- Council for Economic Planning and DevelopmentCouncil for Economic Planning and DevelopmentCouncil for Economic Planning and Development is a government agency responsible for drafting overall plans for national economic development in the Free Area of the Republic of China. It also assesses development projects, proposals and programmes submitted to the Executive Yuan...
- Council of Labor AffairsCouncil of Labor AffairsThe Council of Labor Affairs , established in 1987, is a cabinet-level unit under the Executive Yuan.- List of ministers :* Cheng Shuei-chih * Chao Shou-po * Hsieh Shen-shan * Hsu Chieh-kuei * Chan Huo-shen...
- Mainland Affairs CouncilMainland Affairs CouncilThe Mainland Affairs Council is a cabinet-level administrative agency under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. The MAC is responsible for the planning, development, and implementation of policies between the Free Area of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan, and the People's...
- National Science CouncilNational Science CouncilThe National Science Council is the main governmental promotion and funding body for science research in Taiwan, Republic of China. It is a governmental body under the Executive Yuan.-External links:* *...
- National Youth CommissionNational Youth CommissionThe National Youth Commission is a branch of the Executive Yuan, Government of the Republic of China, with a responsibility for youth affairs....
- Sports Affairs CouncilSports Affairs CouncilSports Affairs Council is a council under the Executive Yuan, the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China . It was established in mainland China and relocated to Taiwan after the defeat of Kuomintang in the Chinese Civil War....
- Public Construction CommissionPublic Construction CommissionPublic Construction Commission is an independent government agency of the Executive Yuan which is responsible for formulating policies and developing national infrastructure, public construction projects such as roads, bridges, highways in the Free Area of the Republic of China...
- Research, Development, and Evaluation CommissionResearch, Development, and Evaluation CommissionThe Research, Development, and Evaluation Commission is a branch of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China Government. The commission is "responsible for policy research and development, policy planning, policy supervision and evaluation, government’s IT management, circulation of government...
- Veterans Affairs CommissionVeterans Affairs CommissionThe Veterans Affairs Commission is a branch of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China Government with "responsibilities to assist in education assistance, employment assistance, medical care, home care and other general services" for retired servicemen and women from the ROC military...
Minister-presided Commissions
According to Articles three and four of the organic law of the Executive Yuan, the commissioners of following two commissions hold the rank of minister.- Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs CommissionMongolian and Tibetan Affairs CommissionThe Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission is one of two ministry-level commissions of the Executive Yuan in the Republic of China. Inaugural addresses are delivered by the Chairman of the Commission...
- Overseas Compatriot Affairs CommissionOverseas Compatriot Affairs CommissionThe Overseas Compatriot Affairs Commission is a cabinet-level commission of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China . Its main objective is to serve as a cultural, education, economic, and informational exchanges organization between Taiwan and overseas Chinese...
Vice-Premier-presided Commissions
- Consumer Protection CommissionConsumer Protection CommissionConsumer Protection Commission is an independent regulatory agency subordinate to the Executive Yuan which is responsible for policies and measures to protect consumers from fraud, Internet scams, misleading advertisements, content labeling, food safety, product safety, dispute resolution with...
: an executive commission authorized by the law of Consumer Protection. - National Disaster Prevention and Protection Commission: a task-force-grouped committee authorized by the law of Disaster Prevention and Protection.http://www.ndppc.nat.gov.tw/
Independent Commissions
There are, or would be, five independent executive commissions under the Executive Yuan. The chiefs of these five institutions would not be affected by any change of the Premier. However, the related organic laws are currently under revision or dispute.- Central BankCentral Bank of ChinaThe Central Bank of the Republic of China , known in English from 1924 to 2007 as the Central Bank of China, is the central bank of the Republic of China . Its legal and common name in Chinese is literally translated as the "Central Bank"...
- Central Election CommissionCentral Election CommissionThe Central Election Commission is the name of an organization in a number of countries which is in charge of affairs related to national and local elections...
- Fair Trade CommissionFair Trade Commission (Republic of China)Fair Trade Commission is an independent government agency subordinate to the Executive Yuan which is responsible for competition policy, trade practices, formulating fair trade policy, laws, regulations, investigating activities restricting competition, such as monopolies, mergers, collusions,...
- Financial Supervisory CommissionFinancial Supervisory CommissionThe Financial Supervisory Commission is an independent government agency subordinate to the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. It is responsible for regulating securities markets , banking, and the insurance sector...
- National Communication Commission
Directorates General
- Department of HealthDepartment of Health (Republic of China)Department of Health of the Republic of China is an executive agency of the Executive Yuan responsible for the administration of the public health system, affordable and universal health care, hospitals, pharmaceutical, immunisation programmes, disease prevention, supervision and coordination of...
- Environmental Protection AgencyEnvironmental Protection Administration (Republic of China)Environmental Protection Administration is a Cabinet level executive agency responsible for protecting and conserving the environment in the Taiwan Area...
- Coast Guard AdministrationRepublic of China Coast GuardThe Coast Guard Administration of the Republic of China is charged with maintaining law and order, protecting the resources of the territorial waters surrounding Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu Islands, Green Island, Orchid Island, Dongsha Islands, and Nansha Islands as well as providing a first...
Authorized by Article Five of the organic law of the Executive Yuan:
- Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and StatisticsDirectorate-General of Budget, Accounting and StatisticsThe Directorate-General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics is a branch of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China Government, performs the role of both a comptroller for the Government and census bureau....
- Government Information OfficeGovernment Information OfficeThe Government Information Office is a cabinet-level agency of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China in charge of promoting government policies and regulating domestic media.-History:...
Authorized by Article Nine of the amendments of the Constitution of the Republic of China
Constitution of the Republic of China
The Constitution of the Republic of China is the fundamental law of the Republic of China . Drafted by the Kuomintang as part of its third stage of national development , it established a centralized Republic with five branches of government...
:
- Central Personnel AdministrationCentral Personnel AdministrationThe Central Personnel Administration is a branch of the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China Government, responsible for staffing the civil service....
Executive Yuan Council
The Executive Yuan Council, commonly referred to as "The Cabinet" (內閣), is the chief policymaking organ of the ROC government. It consists of the premier, who presides over its meetings, the vice premier, ministers without portfolio, the heads of the ministries, and the heads of the Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission and the Overseas Chinese Affairs Commission. The secretary-general and the deputy secretary-general of the Executive Yuan also attend, as well as heads of other Executive Yuan organizations by invitation, but they have no vote. Article 58 of the Constitution empowers the Executive Yuan Council to evaluate statutory and budgetary bills concerning martial lawMartial law
Martial law is the imposition of military rule by military authorities over designated regions on an emergency basis— only temporary—when the civilian government or civilian authorities fail to function effectively , when there are extensive riots and protests, or when the disobedience of the law...
, amnesty
Amnesty
Amnesty is a legislative or executive act by which a state restores those who may have been guilty of an offense against it to the positions of innocent people, without changing the laws defining the offense. It includes more than pardon, in as much as it obliterates all legal remembrance of the...
, declarations of war
Declaration of war
A declaration of war is a formal act by which one nation goes to war against another. The declaration is a performative speech act by an authorized party of a national government in order to create a state of war between two or more states.The legality of who is competent to declare war varies...
, conclusion of peace or treaties, and other important affairs before submission to the Legislative Yuan
Legislative Yuan
The Legislative Yuan is the unicameral legislature of the Republic of China .The Legislative Yuan is one of the five branches of government stipulated by the Constitution of the Republic of China, which follows Sun Yat-sen's Three Principles of the People...
.
Relationship with the Legislative Yuan
A common scene in Taiwanese news consists of ministers being asked harsh questions by legislative committees. Legally, the Executive Yuan must present the Legislative Yuan with an annual policy statement and an administrative report. The Legislative Yuan may also summon members of the Executive Yuan for questioning.Whenever there is disagreement between the Legislative Yuan and Executive Yuan, the Legislative Yuan may pass a resolution asking the Executive Yuan to alter the policy proposal in question. The Executive Yuan may, in turn, ask the Legislative Yuan to reconsider. Afterwards, if the Legislative Yuan upholds the original resolution, the premier must abide by the resolution or resign. The Executive Yuan may also present an alternative budgetary bill if the one passed by the Legislative Yuan is deemed difficult to execute.