Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission
Encyclopedia
The Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission (MTAC; ) is one of two ministry-level commissions of the Executive Yuan
in the Republic of China
. Inaugural addresses are delivered by the Chairman of the Commission. The MTAC will be subsumed into Mainland Affairs Council
in 2012.
It was originally created during the Qing dynasty as a subsection of the Lifan Yuan
, and oversaw the relationship of the Qing court to its Mongolia
n and Tibet
an dependencies. In early years of the Republic it did much of the same function. After the Communist revolution in China, and the Republic of China's relocation to Taiwan
, the MTAC ceased its activities in Tibet and Mongolia.
After the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, Chiang Kai-shek
announced in his Letter to Tibetan Friends that the ROC's policy would be to help the Tibetan diaspora
overthrow the People's Republic of China
's rule in Tibet. The MTAC sent secret agents to India to disseminate pro-Kuomintang
(KMT) and anti-Communist propaganda among Tibetan exiles. From 1971 to 1978, the MTAC also recruited ethnic Tibetan children from India and Nepal to study in Taiwan, with the expectation that they would work for a ROC government that returned to the mainland. In 1994, the veterans' association for the Tibetan guerrilla group Chushi Gangdruk
met with the MTAC and agreed to the KMT's One China Principle. In response, the Dalai Lama's Central Tibetan Administration
forbade all exiled Tibetans from contact with the MTAC.
on Qingtian Street nearby the Taipei Mosque and Mandarin Training Center
. The center was established in 1993 in the former residence of the Changkya Khutukhtu, Lobsang Pelden Tenpe Dronme
, who fled to Taiwan
after the Chinese Civil War
in 1949. The building incorporates traditional Tibetan architectural features. It also includes an exhibition Area for cultural artifacts, a reading room, lecture Hall, and Prayer Hall for the Changkya Khutukhtu.
Executive Yuan
The Executive Yuan is the executive branch of the government of the Republic of China , commonly known as "Taiwan".-Organization and structure:...
in the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
. Inaugural addresses are delivered by the Chairman of the Commission. The MTAC will be subsumed into Mainland Affairs Council
Mainland Affairs Council
The Mainland Affairs Council is a cabinet-level administrative agency under the Executive Yuan of the Republic of China. The MAC is responsible for the planning, development, and implementation of policies between the Free Area of the Republic of China, commonly known as Taiwan, and the People's...
in 2012.
It was originally created during the Qing dynasty as a subsection of the Lifan Yuan
Lifan Yuan
The Lifan Yuan was an agency in the Qing government which supervised the Qing Empire's Mongolian dependencies and oversaw the appointments of Ambans in Tibet. It was first created in the 17th century. It has various translations in English, e.g...
, and oversaw the relationship of the Qing court to its Mongolia
Mongolia
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
n and Tibet
Tibet
Tibet is a plateau region in Asia, north-east of the Himalayas. It is the traditional homeland of the Tibetan people as well as some other ethnic groups such as Monpas, Qiang, and Lhobas, and is now also inhabited by considerable numbers of Han and Hui people...
an dependencies. In early years of the Republic it did much of the same function. After the Communist revolution in China, and the Republic of China's relocation to Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
, the MTAC ceased its activities in Tibet and Mongolia.
After the 1959 Tibetan Rebellion, Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek
Chiang Kai-shek was a political and military leader of 20th century China. He is known as Jiǎng Jièshí or Jiǎng Zhōngzhèng in Mandarin....
announced in his Letter to Tibetan Friends that the ROC's policy would be to help the Tibetan diaspora
Tibetan diaspora
The Tibetan diaspora is a term used to refer to the communities of Tibetan people living outside Tibet. Tibetan emigration happened in two waves: one in 1959 following the 14th Dalai Lama's self-exile in India, and the other in the 1980s when Tibet was opened to trade and tourism. The third wave...
overthrow the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
's rule in Tibet. The MTAC sent secret agents to India to disseminate pro-Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
(KMT) and anti-Communist propaganda among Tibetan exiles. From 1971 to 1978, the MTAC also recruited ethnic Tibetan children from India and Nepal to study in Taiwan, with the expectation that they would work for a ROC government that returned to the mainland. In 1994, the veterans' association for the Tibetan guerrilla group Chushi Gangdruk
Chushi Gangdruk
Chushi Gangdruk was an organization of Tibetan guerrilla fighters who attempted to overthrow the rule of the People's...
met with the MTAC and agreed to the KMT's One China Principle. In response, the Dalai Lama's Central Tibetan Administration
Central Tibetan Administration
The Central Tibetan Administration , is an organisation based in India with the stated goals of "rehabilitating Tibetan refugees and restoring freedom and happiness in Tibet". It was established by the 14th Dalai Lama in 1959 shortly after his exile from Tibet...
forbade all exiled Tibetans from contact with the MTAC.
Chairmen
- Yan XishanYan XishanYan Xishan, was a Chinese warlord who served in the government of the Republic of China. Yan effectively controlled the province of Shanxi from the 1911 Xinhai Revolution to the 1949 Communist victory in the Chinese Civil War...
(1928.12.27-1930.04.05) - Ma FuxiangMa FuxiangMa Fuxiang . Ma, a Dongxiang muslim leader, had a military and political career which spanned the Qing dynasty through the early Republic of China and illustrated the power of family, the role of religious affiliations, and the interaction of Inner Asian China and the national government of...
(1930.09.08-1931.12.30) - Shi Qingyang (1931.12.30-1935.03.15)
- Huang Mu-sung (1935.03.15-1936.07.29)
- Lin Yun Gai (1936.07.29-1936.08.08)
- Wu ZhongxinWu ZhongxinWu Zhongxin, or Wu Chung-hsin was a General and government official of the Republic of China. He was associated with the CC Clique.-Career:*1932 - 1933 Chairman of Anhui Provincial Government...
(1936.08.08-1944.12.06) - Leung Kam Lo (1944.12.06-1947.04.23)
- Xu Shiying (1947.04.23-1948.11.26)
- Bai Yunti (1948.11.26-1949.06.06)
- Guan Jiyu (1949.06.06-1949.11.23)
- Zhou Kuntian (1949.11.23-1950.03.10)
- Yu Jingtang (1950.03.10-1951.02.22)
- Jiong Tian Jin (1951.02.22-1954.05.25)
- Liu Lianke (1954.05.25-1658.07.14)
- Yong-xin (1958.07.14-1960.05.30)
- Jiong Tian Jin (1960.05.30 A 1963.12.14)
- Guo Qiqiao (1963.12.14-1972.5.29)
- Chui Yan Cui (1972.05.29-1981.11)
- Xie Renyang (1981.11 A 1984.05)
- Dongshu Fan (1984.05 A 1986.03)
- Wu Hua-peng (1986.04-1993)
- Jun Zhang Yi (1993-1994)
- Li Hougao (1994-1997)
- Kao Koong-lian (1997-2000)
- Xu Zhengguang (2000-2002)
- Xu Zhixiong (2002-2008)
- Kao Su-Po (2008.5.20-2011.12.31)
Mongolian and Tibetan Cultural Center
The Mongolian and Tibetan Affairs Commission manages the Mongolian and Tibetan Cultural Center . It is located in the Da'an District of TaipeiTaipei
Taipei City is the capital of the Republic of China and the central city of the largest metropolitan area of Taiwan. Situated at the northern tip of the island, Taipei is located on the Tamsui River, and is about 25 km southwest of Keelung, its port on the Pacific Ocean...
on Qingtian Street nearby the Taipei Mosque and Mandarin Training Center
Mandarin Training Center
Mandarin Training Center is one of the world's oldest and most distinguished programs for Chinese language study. It is run by National Taiwan Normal University in Taipei, Taiwan.-History:...
. The center was established in 1993 in the former residence of the Changkya Khutukhtu, Lobsang Pelden Tenpe Dronme
Lobsang Pelden Tenpe Dronme
Lobsang Pelden Tenpe Dronme was a clergyman of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism and the 7th Changkya Khutukhtu. He was the highest person of Tibetan Buddhism in Inner Mongolia and the fourth highest lamas of Tibetan Buddhism in general...
, who fled to Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
after the Chinese Civil War
Chinese Civil War
The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang , the governing party of the Republic of China, and the Communist Party of China , for the control of China which eventually led to China's division into two Chinas, Republic of China and People's Republic of...
in 1949. The building incorporates traditional Tibetan architectural features. It also includes an exhibition Area for cultural artifacts, a reading room, lecture Hall, and Prayer Hall for the Changkya Khutukhtu.
See also
- Mongolians in TaiwanMongolians in TaiwanMongols in Taiwan form a small portion of the island's population. Labour migration from Mongolia to Taiwan began in 2004.-History:There were a few ethnic Mongols from Inner Mongolia—citizens of the Republic of China, not of Mongolia—who came with the Kuomintang during their 1949...
- Republic of China – Mongolia relations
- Tibet (1912–1951)