For the P2P

Peer-to-peer

Peer-to-peer computing or networking is a distributed application architecture that partitions tasks or workloads among peers. Peers are equally privileged, equipotent participants in the application...

 technique, see Flox P2P.

FLOX is a combustion

Combustion

Combustion or burning is the sequence of exothermic chemical reactions between a fuel and an oxidant accompanied by the production of heat and conversion of chemical species. The release of heat can result in the production of light in the form of either glowing or a flame...

 process developed by WS Wärmeprozesstechnik GmbH.

History

In April 1990 Joachim Alfred Wünning made experiments with industrial gasoline engines thereby observing that beyond a temperature of 850 °C the flames were blown away. The German word "flammenlose Oxidation" (flameless oxidation) is the origin of the name for the FLOX-Technlogy that was derived from the effect. Its specific advantages led to additional funding including a project "FLoxCoal" at the Stuttgart University to engineer a prototype of an atomizing burner for coal without flame reactions.

Technology

The NO_x

NOx

NOx is a generic term for the mono-nitrogen oxides NO and NO2 . They are produced from the reaction of nitrogen and oxygen gases in the air during combustion, especially at high temperatures...

 formation is a specifically located in the flame front so that by suppressing peak flame the NOx emission can be reduced theoretically to zero. In the practical implementations in current burner technology a reduction of 20% was observed for Rhenisch

Rhineland

Historically, the Rhinelands refers to a loosely-defined region embracing the land on either bank of the River Rhine in central Europe....

 brown coal and 65% for Polish black coal.

The role of combustion temperature in NO_x formation has been understood for some time. Reduction of the combustion temperature in gasoline engines, by reducing the compression ratio, was among the first steps taken to comply with the U.S. clean air act

Clean Air Act

A Clean Air Act is one of a number of pieces of legislation relating to the reduction of airborne contaminants, smog and air pollution in general. The use by governments to enforce clean air standards has contributed to an improvement in human health and longer life spans...

in the 1970s.