Fluoronium
Encyclopedia
The fluoronium cation, H2F+, is a polyatomic ion
formed by protonation
or self-ionic dissociation of hydrogen fluoride
:
or
Unlike for halonium ion
s based on chlorine
, bromine
or iodine
(chloronium, H2Cl+, bromonium, H2Br+, iodonium, H2I+), hydrocarbyl derivatives of fluoronium, i.e. R2F+, remain unknown.
Polyatomic ion
A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a charged species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered as acting as a single unit in the context of acid and base chemistry or in the formation of salts. The prefix "poly-" means "many," in...
formed by protonation
Protonation
In chemistry, protonation is the addition of a proton to an atom, molecule, or ion. Some classic examples include*the protonation of water by sulfuric acid:*the protonation of isobutene in the formation of a carbocation:2C=CH2 + HBF4 → 3C+ + BF4−*the protonation of ammonia in the...
or self-ionic dissociation of hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen fluoride
Hydrogen fluoride is a chemical compound with the formula HF. This colorless gas is the principal industrial source of fluorine, often in the aqueous form as hydrofluoric acid, and thus is the precursor to many important compounds including pharmaceuticals and polymers . HF is widely used in the...
:
- HF + H+ → H2F+
or
- 3HF H2F+ + HF2−
Unlike for halonium ion
Halonium ion
A halonium ion in organic chemistry is any onium compound containing a halogen atom carrying a positive charge. This cation has the general structure R-X+-R where X is any halogen and R any organic residue and this structure can be cyclic or an open chain molecular structure...
s based on chlorine
Chlorine
Chlorine is the chemical element with atomic number 17 and symbol Cl. It is the second lightest halogen, found in the periodic table in group 17. The element forms diatomic molecules under standard conditions, called dichlorine...
, bromine
Bromine
Bromine ") is a chemical element with the symbol Br, an atomic number of 35, and an atomic mass of 79.904. It is in the halogen element group. The element was isolated independently by two chemists, Carl Jacob Löwig and Antoine Jerome Balard, in 1825–1826...
or iodine
Iodine
Iodine is a chemical element with the symbol I and atomic number 53. The name is pronounced , , or . The name is from the , meaning violet or purple, due to the color of elemental iodine vapor....
(chloronium, H2Cl+, bromonium, H2Br+, iodonium, H2I+), hydrocarbyl derivatives of fluoronium, i.e. R2F+, remain unknown.