Goodyera are a wide-ranging genus

Genus

In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...

 of orchid, one of approximately 800 described Orchidaceae genera within that large and diverse family. The genus is named after botanist John Goodyer

John Goodyer

John Goodyer was a 17th century botanist who lived in Hampshire, England. He was born in Alton, and evidently received a good education, although it is not known where...

.

There are about 25 species of Goodyera worldwide. Creeping rhizome

Rhizome

In botany and dendrology, a rhizome is a characteristically horizontal stem of a plant that is usually found underground, often sending out roots and shoots from its nodes...

s and rosette

Rosette (botany)

In botany, a rosette is a circular arrangement of leaves, with all the leaves at a single height.Though rosettes usually sit near the soil, their structure is an example of a modified stem.-Function:...

s of evergreen

Evergreen

In botany, an evergreen plant is a plant that has leaves in all seasons. This contrasts with deciduous plants, which completely lose their foliage during the winter or dry season.There are many different kinds of evergreen plants, both trees and shrubs...

 leaves

Leaf

A leaf is an organ of a vascular plant, as defined in botanical terms, and in particular in plant morphology. Foliage is a mass noun that refers to leaves as a feature of plants....

 characterize the genus. Goodyera is closely related to the genus Spiranthes

Spiranthes

Spiranthes, commonly called Ladies'-tresses, is a genus of orchids Spiranthes, commonly called Ladies'-tresses, is a genus of orchids Spiranthes, commonly called Ladies'-tresses, is a genus of orchids (family (Orchidaceae) belonging to the subfamily Orchidoideae.It has a very wide, almost...

.

Goodyera flower

Flower

A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants . The biological function of a flower is to effect reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs...

s are characterized by a saccate nectary
of the lip with a beak-shaped apex. Sepal

Sepal

A sepal is a part of the flower of angiosperms . Collectively the sepals form the calyx, which is the outermost whorl of parts that form a flower. Usually green, sepals have the typical function of protecting the petals when the flower is in bud...

s and petal

Petal

Petals are modified leaves that surround the reproductive parts of flowers. They often are brightly colored or unusually shaped to attract pollinators. Together, all of the petals of a flower are called a corolla. Petals are usually accompanied by another set of special leaves called sepals lying...

s are connivant over the column. Pollin

Pollen

Pollen is a fine to coarse powder containing the microgametophytes of seed plants, which produce the male gametes . Pollen grains have a hard coat that protects the sperm cells during the process of their movement from the stamens to the pistil of flowering plants or from the male cone to the...

ia in Goodyera are granular, in contrast to Cranichideae, another member of this tribe

Tribe (biology)

In biology, a tribe is a taxonomic rank between family and genus. It is sometimes subdivided into subtribes.Some examples include the tribes: Canini, Acalypheae, Hominini, Bombini, and Antidesmeae.-See also:* Biological classification* Rank...

.

Orchids of this genus grow in environments ranging from alpine

Alpine climate

Alpine climate is the average weather for a region above the tree line. This climate is also referred to as mountain climate or highland climate....

 valley

Valley

In geology, a valley or dale is a depression with predominant extent in one direction. A very deep river valley may be called a canyon or gorge.The terms U-shaped and V-shaped are descriptive terms of geography to characterize the form of valleys...

s in Scandinavia

Scandinavia

Scandinavia is a cultural, historical and ethno-linguistic region in northern Europe that includes the three kingdoms of Denmark, Norway and Sweden, characterized by their common ethno-cultural heritage and language. Modern Norway and Sweden proper are situated on the Scandinavian Peninsula,...

 to the laurisilva

Laurisilva

Laurisilva or laurissilva is a subtropical forest, found in areas with high humidity and relatively stable and mild temperatures. They are characterised by evergreen, glossy-leaved tree species that look alike with leaves of lauroide type...

of Macaronesia

Macaronesia

Macaronesia is a modern collective name for several groups of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean near Europe and North Africa belonging to three countries: Portugal, Spain, and Cape Verde...

 to North America

North America

North America is a continent wholly within the Northern Hemisphere and almost wholly within the Western Hemisphere. It is also considered a northern subcontinent of the Americas...

n coniferous forest

Forest

A forest, also referred to as a wood or the woods, is an area with a high density of trees. As with cities, depending where you are in the world, what is considered a forest may vary significantly in size and have various classification according to how and what of the forest is composed...

s.

"Lady's tresses" is a common name

Common name

A common name of a taxon or organism is a name in general use within a community; it is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism...

 given to some of these species. The four species endemic

Endemic (ecology)

Endemism is the ecological state of being unique to a defined geographic location, such as an island, nation or other defined zone, or habitat type; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, all species of lemur are endemic to the...

 to North America are called "rattlesnake plantain".

Species

1. Goodyera afzelii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 15: 327 (1918).
2. Goodyera alveolata Pradhan, Indian Orchids: Guide Identif. & Cult. 2: 691 (1979).
3. Goodyera amoena Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 10: 9 (1911).
4. Goodyera angustifolia Schltr. in K.M.Schumann & C.A.G.Lauterbach, Fl. Schutzgeb. Südsee, Nachtr.: 92 (1905).
5. Goodyera augustinii Tuyama, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 52: 464 (1938).
6. Goodyera beccarii Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 9: 25 (1910).
7. Goodyera bifida (Blume) Blume, Coll. Orchid.: 40 (1858).
8. Goodyera biflora (Lindl.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 114 (1890).
9. Goodyera bilamellata Hayata, Icon. Pl. Formosan. 4: 111 (1914).
10. Goodyera bomiensis K.Y.Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 16(4): 128 (1978).
11. Goodyera boninensis Nakai, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 37: 9 (1923).
12. Goodyera brachystegia Hand.-Mazz., Symb. Sin. 7: 1345 (1936).
13. Goodyera bracteata Thouars, Hist. Orchid.: 1 (1822).
14. Goodyera bradeorum Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 88 (1923).
15. Goodyera chinensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 59 (1919).
16. Goodyera clausa (A.A.Eaton ex Ames) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 392 (1911).
17. Goodyera colorata (Blume) Blume, Coll. Orchid.: 37 (1858).
18. Goodyera condensata Ormerod & J.J.Wood, Orchid Rev. 109: 370 (2001).
19. Goodyera crocodiliceps Ormerod, Austral. Orchid Rev. 61: 41 (1996).
20. Goodyera daibuzanensis Yamam., J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 4: 305 (1932).
21. Goodyera denticulata J.J.Sm., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 66: 165 (1934).
22. Goodyera dolabripetala (Ames) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 45: 391 (1908).
23. Goodyera dongchenii Lucksom, J. Indian Bot. Soc. 72: 191 (1993).
24. Goodyera elmeri (Ames) Ames, Schedul. Orchid., Corrig.: xxxvii (1938).
25. Goodyera erosa (Ames & C.Schweinf.) Ames, F.T.Hubb. & C.Schweinf., Bot. Mus. Leafl. 3: 37 (1934).
26. Goodyera erythrodoides Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1: 49 (1911).
27. Goodyera fimbrilabia Ormerod, Taiwania 51: 153 (2006).
28. Goodyera flaccida Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 33: 124 (1924).
29. Goodyera foliosa (Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 113 (1890).
30. Goodyera fumata Thwaites, Enum. Pl. Zeyl.: 314 (1861).
31. Goodyera fusca (Lindl.) Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 112 (1890).
32. Goodyera gemmata J.J.Sm., Bull. Dép. Agric. Indes Néerl. 22: 10 (1909).
33. Goodyera gibbsiae J.J.Sm., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, III, 5: 24 (1922).
34. Goodyera goudotii Ormerod & Cavestro, Taiwania 51: 154 (2006).
35. Goodyera hachijoensis Yatabe, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 5: 1 (1891).
36. Goodyera hemsleyana King & Pantl., J. Asiat. Soc. Bengal, Pt. 2, Nat. Hist. 64(2): 342 (1895).
37. Goodyera henryi Rolfe, Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1896: 201 (1896).
38. Goodyera hispaniolae Dod, Moscosoa 4: 183 (1986).
39. Goodyera hispida Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 1: 183 (1857).
40. Goodyera humicola (Schltr.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 33: 124 (1924).
41. Goodyera inmeghema Ormerod, Austral. Orchid Rev. 61: 42 (1996).
42. Goodyera kwangtungensis C.L.Tso, Sunyatsenia 1: 134 (1933).
43. Goodyera lamprotaenia Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1: 51 (1911).
44. Goodyera lanceolata Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 39: 86 (1870).
45. Goodyera luzonensis Ames, Orchidaceae 5: 26 (1915).
46. Goodyera macrophylla Lowe, Trans. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 4: 13 (1831).
47. Goodyera major Ames & Correll, Bot. Mus. Leafl. 10: 68 (1942).
48. Goodyera maurevertii Blume, Coll. Orchid.: 42 (1858).
49. Goodyera maximowicziana Makino, Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 23: 37 (1909).
50. Goodyera micrantha Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 274 (1923).
51. Goodyera modesta Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 89 (1923).
52. Goodyera myanmarica Ormerod & Sath.Kumar, Taiwania 51: 156 (2006).
53. Goodyera nankoensis Fukuy., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 48: 432 (1934).
54. Goodyera novembrilis (Rchb.f.) Ormerod, Austral. Orchid Rev. 61: 42 (1996).
55. Goodyera oblongifolia
    Goodyera oblongifolia
    Goodyera oblongifolia is a species of orchid known by the common names western rattlesnake plantain and giant rattlesnake plantain. It is native to much of North America, particularly the western side of the continent from Alaska to Mexico, and to eastern Canada. It is most commonly found in...
    
    Raf., Herb. Raf.: 76 (1833).
56. Goodyera ovatilabia Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 274 (1923).
57. Goodyera pauciflora Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 12: 106 (1913).
58. Goodyera pendula Maxim., Bull. Acad. Imp. Sci. Saint-Pétersbourg, III, 32: 623 (1888).
59. Goodyera perrieri (Schltr.) Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 33: 125 (1924).
60. Goodyera polyphylla Ormerod, Taiwania 51: 157 (2006).
61. Goodyera porphyrophylla Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 366 (1921).
62. Goodyera procera
    Goodyera procera
    Goodyera procera is a 20 to 40 cm tall plant with white flowers, it does not creep. Easy to grow under lights, 20 C to 30C. Grows well in an open medium like fine bark. Unlike most other Goodyeras this one does not have patterns on the leaves....
    
    (Ker Gawl.) Hook., Exot. Fl. 1: t. 39 (1823).
63. Goodyera pubescens
    Goodyera pubescens
    Goodyera pubescens, the Rattlesnake Plantain, is one of the most common orchids native to eastern North America. It is an evergreen terrestrial species with variegated leaves. The variegation is in the form of a densely-reticulated network of veins that are a much lighter green than the rest of the...
    
    (Willd.) R.Br. in W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 198 (1813).
64. Goodyera purpusii Ormerod, Taiwania 51: 157 (2006).
65. Goodyera pusilla Blume, Coll. Orchid.: 36 (1858).
66. Goodyera ramosii Ames, Philipp. J. Sci., C 8: 409 (1913 publ. 1914).
67. Goodyera recurva Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. 1: 183 (1857).
68. Goodyera repens
    Goodyera repens
    Goodyera repens, an orchid in the genus Goodyera, is called by the common name creeping lady's tresses in Anglophone Europe and dwarf rattlesnake plantain or lesser rattlesnake plantain in North America....
    
    (L.) R.Br. in W.T.Aiton, Hortus Kew. 5: 198 (1813).
69. Goodyera reticulata (Blume) Blume, Coll. Orchid.: 35 (1858).
70. Goodyera robusta Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 113 (1890).
71. Goodyera rosea (H.Perrier) Ormerod, Taiwania 51: 158 (2006).
72. Goodyera rostellata Ames & C.Schweinf. in O.Ames, Orchidaceae 6: 12 (1920).
73. Goodyera rostrata Ridl., J. Straits Branch Roy. Asiat. Soc. 49: 40 (1908).
74. Goodyera rosulacea Y.N.Lee, Bull. Korea Pl. Res. 4: 2 (2004).
75. Goodyera rubicunda (Blume) Lindl., Edwards's Bot. Reg. 25(Misc.): 61 (1839).
76. Goodyera ruttenii J.J.Sm., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg, III, 10: 101 (1928).
77. Goodyera schlechtendaliana Rchb.f., Linnaea 22: 861 (1850).
78. Goodyera scripta (Rchb.f.) Schltr., Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 39: 58 (1906).
79. Goodyera sechellarum (S.Moore) Ormerod, Lindleyana 17: 204 (2002).
80. Goodyera seikomontana Yamam., J. Soc. Trop. Agric. 4: 187 (1932).
81. Goodyera serpens Schltr., Acta Horti Gothob. 1: 148 (1924).
82. Goodyera shixingensis K.Y.Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 34: 636 (1996).
83. Goodyera sonoharae Fukuy., Trans. Nat. Hist. Soc. Taiwan 32: 297 (1942).
84. Goodyera stelidifera Ormerod, Oasis Suppl. 3: 6 (2004).
85. Goodyera stenopetala Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1: 51 (1911).
86. Goodyera striata Rchb.f., Linnaea 18: 409 (1845).
87. Goodyera sumbawana Ormerod, Taiwania 50: 5 (2005).
88. Goodyera taitensis Blume, Coll. Orchid.: 43 (1858).
89. Goodyera tesselata
    Goodyera tesselata
    Goodyera tesselata is a plant in the orchid family , called by the common name Checkered Rattlesnake Plantain. It has low basal leaves with white reticulated lines.The inflorescence is an upright stalk with small white flowers....
    
    Lodd., Bot. Cab. 10: t. 952 (1824).
90. Goodyera thailandica Seidenf., Bot. Tidsskr. 65: 109 (1969).
91. Goodyera turialbae Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 19: 275 (1923).
92. Goodyera ustulata Carr, Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 8: 194 (1935).
93. Goodyera velutina Maxim. ex Regel, Gartenflora 16: 36 (1867).
94. Goodyera venusta Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 1: 52 (1911).
95. Goodyera viridiflora (Blume) Blume, Coll. Orchid.: 41 (1858).
96. Goodyera vitiensis (L.O.Williams) Kores, Allertonia 5: 25 (1989).
97. Goodyera vittata Benth. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. India 6: 113 (1890).
98. Goodyera werneri Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 17: 367 (1921).
99. Goodyera wolongensis K.Y.Lang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 22: 314 (1984).
100. Goodyera wuana Tang & F.T.Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. 1: 69 (1951).
101. Goodyera yamiana Fukuy., Bot. Mag. (Tokyo) 50: 18 (1936).
102. Goodyera youngsayei S.Y.Hu & Barretto, Chung Chi J. 13(2): 10 (1976).
103. Goodyera yunnanensis Schltr., Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 4: 60 (1919).
104. Goodyera zacuapanensis Ormerod, Taiwania 51: 159 (2006).

Many Goodyera species are threatened in at least part of their range. In areas where more than one species may be found, hybridization is common.