Government of Russia
Encyclopedia
The Government of the Russian Federation exercises executive power in the Russian Federation. The members of the government are the prime minister
(Chairman of the Government), the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation".
, the Russian Council of Ministers
had become the main executive body. At some points it contained over 65 state committees, 16–17 ministers, 5 federal services, and over 30 governmental agencies. After the 2004 reform, government duties were split between 17 ministries, 5 federal services, and over 30 governmental agencies.
The prime minister
is appointed by the president of the Russian Federation and confirmed by the State Duma
. He or she succeeds to the presidency if the current president dies, is incapacitated, or resigns. The current prime minister is Vladimir Putin
.
The government issues its acts
in the way of decisions (Постановления) and orders (Распоряжения). These must not contradict the constitution
, constitutional laws, federal laws, and Presidential decrees, and are signed by the Prime Minister.
. Since the Russian Federation emerged in 1991, the government's structure has undergone several major changes. In the initial years, government bodies, primarily the different ministries, underwent massive reorganization as the old Soviet governing networks were adapted to the new state. Many reshuffles and renamings occurred.
On 28 November 1991 President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin
signed presidential decree № 242 "On reorganization of the government bodies of the RSFSR" (Russian: "О реорганизации центральных органов государственного управления РСФСР").
In 28 July 2004 President Vladimir Putin
signed the Presidential Decree (with later corrections) "On the structure of the federal executive bodies". This split some ministries, turned some ministerial offices into agencies and established some new services as government bodies. In total there were 17 ministries, 7 federal services and over 30 federal agencies.
The most recent change took place on 12 May 2008 when President Dmitry Medvedev
signed presidential decree № 724.
Most ministries and federal services report directly to the prime minister, who then reports to the president. A small number of bodies responsible for security and foreign policy are, however, directly under the president's authority. Informally they are collectively referred to as the "presidential bloc." This consists of the Interior Ministry, the Foreign Ministry, the Emergencies Ministry, the Defence Ministry, the Justice Ministry and seven federal agencies and services.
Source: Russian government web portal
Prime minister
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government in a parliamentary system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime...
(Chairman of the Government), the deputy prime ministers, and the federal ministers. It has its legal basis in the Constitution of the Russian Federation and the federal constitutional law "On the Government of the Russian Federation".
Overview
After the fall of the Soviet UnionSoviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
, the Russian Council of Ministers
Russian Council of Ministers
The Russian Council of Ministers is an executive governmental body that brings together the principal officers of the Executive Branch of the Russian government.- Committee of Ministers :...
had become the main executive body. At some points it contained over 65 state committees, 16–17 ministers, 5 federal services, and over 30 governmental agencies. After the 2004 reform, government duties were split between 17 ministries, 5 federal services, and over 30 governmental agencies.
The prime minister
Prime Minister of Russia
The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
is appointed by the president of the Russian Federation and confirmed by the State Duma
State Duma
The State Duma , common abbreviation: Госду́ма ) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. The Duma headquarters is located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to...
. He or she succeeds to the presidency if the current president dies, is incapacitated, or resigns. The current prime minister is Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin served as the second President of the Russian Federation and is the current Prime Minister of Russia, as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when...
.
The government issues its acts
Act (document)
An act is an instrument that records a fact or something that has been said, done, or agreed. Acts generally take the form of legal instruments of writing that have probative value and executory force...
in the way of decisions (Постановления) and orders (Распоряжения). These must not contradict the constitution
Constitution of Russia
The current Constitution of the Russian Federation was adopted by national referendum on 12 December 1993. Russia's constitution came into force on 25 December 1993, at the moment of its official publication...
, constitutional laws, federal laws, and Presidential decrees, and are signed by the Prime Minister.
Prime Minister of Russia
The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws....
Responsibilities
The government is the subject of the 6th chapter of the Constitution of the Russian Federation. According to the constitution, the government of the Russian Federation must:- draft and submit the federal budget to the State DumaState DumaThe State Duma , common abbreviation: Госду́ма ) in the Russian Federation is the lower house of the Federal Assembly of Russia , the upper house being the Federation Council of Russia. The Duma headquarters is located in central Moscow, a few steps from Manege Square. Its members are referred to...
; ensure the implementation of the budget and report on its implementation to the State Duma; - ensure the implementation of a uniform financial, credit and monetary policyMonetary policyMonetary policy is the process by which the monetary authority of a country controls the supply of money, often targeting a rate of interest for the purpose of promoting economic growth and stability. The official goals usually include relatively stable prices and low unemployment...
in the Russian Federation ; - ensure the implementation of a uniform state policy in the areas of culture, science, education, health protection, social security and ecology;
- manage federal property;
- adopt measures to ensure the country's defence, state securityState SecurityState Security can refer to:* general concepts of security agency or national security* Committee for State Security * State Security * State Security...
, and the implementation of the foreign policyForeign policyA country's foreign policy, also called the foreign relations policy, consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve its goals within international relations milieu. The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries...
of the Russian Federation; - implement measures to ensure the rule of law, human rightsHuman rightsHuman rights are "commonly understood as inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled simply because she or he is a human being." Human rights are thus conceived as universal and egalitarian . These rights may exist as natural rights or as legal rights, in both national...
and freedoms, the protection of property and public order, and crime control; - exercise any other powers vested in it by the Constitution of the Russian Federation, federal laws and presidential decrees.
History
The body was preceded by Government of the Soviet UnionGovernment of the Soviet Union
The Council of Ministers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was the de jure government comprising the highest executive and administrative body of the Soviet Union from 1946 until 1991....
. Since the Russian Federation emerged in 1991, the government's structure has undergone several major changes. In the initial years, government bodies, primarily the different ministries, underwent massive reorganization as the old Soviet governing networks were adapted to the new state. Many reshuffles and renamings occurred.
On 28 November 1991 President of the RSFSR Boris Yeltsin
Boris Yeltsin
Boris Nikolayevich Yeltsin was the first President of the Russian Federation, serving from 1991 to 1999.Originally a supporter of Mikhail Gorbachev, Yeltsin emerged under the perestroika reforms as one of Gorbachev's most powerful political opponents. On 29 May 1990 he was elected the chairman of...
signed presidential decree № 242 "On reorganization of the government bodies of the RSFSR" (Russian: "О реорганизации центральных органов государственного управления РСФСР").
In 28 July 2004 President Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Putin
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin served as the second President of the Russian Federation and is the current Prime Minister of Russia, as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when...
signed the Presidential Decree (with later corrections) "On the structure of the federal executive bodies". This split some ministries, turned some ministerial offices into agencies and established some new services as government bodies. In total there were 17 ministries, 7 federal services and over 30 federal agencies.
The most recent change took place on 12 May 2008 when President Dmitry Medvedev
Dmitry Medvedev
Dmitry Anatolyevich Medvedev is the third President of the Russian Federation.Born to a family of academics, Medvedev graduated from the Law Department of Leningrad State University in 1987. He defended his dissertation in 1990 and worked as a docent at his alma mater, now renamed to Saint...
signed presidential decree № 724.
Structure
The current Russian government is made up of the prime minister, two first deputy prime ministers, seven deputy prime ministers and 17 ministers. In total there are 18 ministries (Aleksey Kudrin is both deputy prime minister and finance minister).Most ministries and federal services report directly to the prime minister, who then reports to the president. A small number of bodies responsible for security and foreign policy are, however, directly under the president's authority. Informally they are collectively referred to as the "presidential bloc." This consists of the Interior Ministry, the Foreign Ministry, the Emergencies Ministry, the Defence Ministry, the Justice Ministry and seven federal agencies and services.
Cabinet Members
| Office | Head | Since |
|---|---|---|
| Prime Minister Prime Minister of Russia The Chairman of the Government of the Russian Federation The use of the term "Prime Minister" is strictly informal and is not allowed for by the Russian Constitution and other laws.... |
Vladimir Putin Vladimir Putin Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin served as the second President of the Russian Federation and is the current Prime Minister of Russia, as well as chairman of United Russia and Chairman of the Council of Ministers of the Union of Russia and Belarus. He became acting President on 31 December 1999, when... |
2008 |
| First Deputy Prime Minister | Viktor Zubkov | 2008 |
| First Deputy Prime Minister | Igor Shuvalov Igor Shuvalov Igor Ivanovich Shuvalov is a Russian lawyer and politician. He currently serves as First Deputy Prime Minister in Vladimir Putin's Second Cabinet. According to the order of Prime Minister Vladimir Putin, he is to perform the duty of Prime Minister when Putin is out of office... |
2008 |
| Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance | Aleksey Kudrin | 2007 |
| Deputy Prime Minister and Head of the Government Administration | Vyacheslav Volodin Vyacheslav Volodin Vyacheslav Victorovich Volodin , he is a Russian politician, currently the Deputy Prime Minister of Russia and the Chief of the Governmental Staff.... |
2010 |
| Deputy Prime Minister and Presidential Plenipotentiary Envoy to the North Caucasus Federal District | Alexander Khloponin Alexander Khloponin Alexander Gennadyevich Khloponin was born on March 6, 1965 in Colombo, Ceylon . Khloponin was the governor of Krasnoyarsk Krai in Siberia, Russia.... |
2010 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Alexander Zhukov Alexander Zhukov Alexander Dmitriyevich Zhukov is a Russian economist and politician, member of the State Duma . He is the Deputy Prime Minister of the Russian Federation since 9 March 2004.-Family:... |
2004 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Sergey Ivanov | 2008 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Igor Sechin Igor Sechin Igor Ivanovich Sechin is a Russian official, considered a close ally of Vladimir Putin. Sechin is often described as one of Putin's most conservative counselors and the leader of the Kremlin's Siloviki faction, a statist lobby gathering former security services agents... |
2008 |
| Deputy Prime Minister | Dmitry Kozak Dmitry Kozak Dmitry Nikolayevich Kozak , is a Russian politician, serving since October 2008 as deputy Prime minister of the Russian Federation.... |
2008 |
| Minister of Foreign Affairs | Sergey Lavrov Sergey Lavrov Sergey Viktorovich Lavrov is the Foreign Minister of Russia. Prior to that, Lavrov was a Soviet diplomat and Russia's ambassador to the United Nations from 1994 to 2004. Lavrov speaks Russian, English, French and Sinhala.... |
2004 |
| Minister of Internal Affairs | Rashid Nurgaliyev Rashid Nurgaliyev Rashid Gumarovich Nurgaliyev is a Russian general and politician of the Tatars descent. Since 2002, he has been the minister of the Internal Affairs of Russia.-Early years:... |
2004 |
| Minister of Finance | Alexei Kudrin Alexei Kudrin Alexei Leonidovich Kudrin was the Minister of Finance and Deputy Prime Minister of Russia from 18 May 2000 to 26 September 2011. After graduating with degrees in finance and economics, Kudrin worked in the administration of Saint Petersburg's liberal Mayor Anatoly Sobchak. In 1996 he started... |
2000 |
| Minister of Defense | Anatoly Serdyukov | 2007 |
| Minister of Emergency Situations | Sergey Shoigu | 1994 |
| Minister of Justice | Alexander Konovalov | 2008 |
| Minister of Industry and Trade | Viktor Khristenko Viktor Khristenko Viktor Borisovich Khristenko is the current Russian Minister of Industry and former First Deputy Prime Minister.-Personal life:... |
2004 |
| Minister for Economic Development | Elvira Nabiullina Elvira Nabiullina Elvira Sakhipzadovna Nabiullina is a Russian economist who was appointed as Minister of Economic Development and Trade of Russia on September 24, 2007... |
2007 |
| Minister for Regional Development | Viktor Basargin | 2008 |
| Ministry for Health and Social Affairs | Tatyana Golikova | 2007 |
| Minister of Education and Science | Andrei Fursenko Andrei Fursenko Andrei Aleksandrovich Fursenko is a Russian politician, scientist and businessman. Currently he is the Minister of Education and Science of the Russian Federation.-Family and education:... |
2004 |
| Minister of Transport | Igor Levitin Igor Levitin Igor Yevgeniyevich Levitin is a Russian political figure who has been Minister of Transport since March 9, 2004.Between 1973 and 1980 Levitin served in the Soviet armed forces in Odessa and then with the Armies Southern Division... |
2007 |
| Minister for Natural Resources and Environmental Protection | Yuri Trutnev Yuri Trutnev Yuri Petrovich Trutnev is a Russian politician. Since 2004, he is Minister of Natural Resources and the Environment of the Russian Federation.-Local government:... |
2004 |
| Minister of Energy Ministry of Energy (Russia) The Russian Ministry of Energy is, since 2008, the Russian federal ministry responsible for energy policy. The first and current minister is Sergei Shmatko.... |
Sergei Shmatko Sergei Shmatko Sergei Ivanovich Shmatkó is a Russian businessman and politician specializing in the energy industry. Since May 2008, he is the Minister of Energy.-Early life:Shmatko was born in Stavropol... |
2008 |
| Minister of Culture | Aleksandr Avdeyev Alexander Alexeyevich Avdeyev Alexander Alexeyevich Avdeyev is a Russian politician and diplomat. He is minister of Culture of the Russian Federation since 2008.From 2002 to 2007 he was Ambassador of the Russian Federation to France.- External links :* *... |
2008 |
| Minister for Sport, Tourism and Youth | Vitaliy Mutko Vitaliy Mutko Vitaly Leontiyevich Mutko is a Russian politician. Since May 2008, he has been Minister of Sport, Tourism and Youth policy.Mutko was previously president of the Russian side FC Zenit Saint Petersburg, and then of the Russian Football Union.-World Cup bid:... |
2008 |
| Minister for Communication and Media | Igor Shchyogolev Igor Shchyogolev Igor Olegovich Shchyogolev is a Russian politician. Since May 12, 2008, he is Minister of Telecommunications of Russia.Shchyogolev is a graduate of the University of Leipzig.- References :* Ministry of Telecommunications of Russia.... |
2008 |
| Minister of Agriculture Ministry of Agriculture (Russia) The Russian Federation Ministry of Agriculture, headquartered at Orlikov pereulok, 1/11, in Moscow, is the cabinet-level agency responsible for support of agricultural production, soil conservation, rural development, agricultural market regulation, and financial stabilization of the farm... |
Yelena Skrynnik Yelena Skrynnik Elena Borisovna Skrynnik is the Minister of Agriculture of the Russian Federation since March 2009.-Early years and education:Skrynnik was born on August 30, 1961 in Chelyabinsk, Russia. Her father was a mining engineer... |
2008 |
Source: Russian government web portal
External links
- Official website of the Government of Russia
- Organigram of the federal executive bodies at government website
See also
- List of heads of government of Russia
- Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist RepublicGovernment of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist RepublicThe Government of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic was known officially as the Council of People's Commissars , Council of Ministers and Council of Ministers – Government -Council of People's Commissars:...
- Government of the Soviet UnionGovernment of the Soviet UnionThe Council of Ministers of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was the de jure government comprising the highest executive and administrative body of the Soviet Union from 1946 until 1991....