Greater Sudbury, Ontario
Encyclopedia
Greater Sudbury is a city in Ontario
, Canada. Greater Sudbury was created in 2001 by merging the cities and towns of the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury, along with several previously unincorporated geographic townships. Once a world leader in nickel mining, Sudbury is now the major retail, economic, health and educational centre for Northeastern Ontario. Sudbury is also home to a large Franco-Ontarian population which influences its arts and culture.
It is the largest city in the Northern Ontario
region by population, and the 24th largest metropolitan area in Canada. By land area, it is the largest city in Ontario, and the seventh largest municipality by area in Canada. Greater Sudbury is one of only five cities in Ontario that constitutes its own independent census division
s, and is not part of any district, county or regional municipality
. It is also the only city in Ontario which has two official names; its name in French is Grand-Sudbury. Unlike designations such as Greater Toronto
, the name "Greater Sudbury" refers to a single city, not a conurbation of independent municipalities. However, Sudbury is still the more common name for the city in everyday usage.
The community started as a small lumber camp in McKim township
. During construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway
in 1883, blasting and excavation revealed high concentrations of nickel-copper ore
at Murray Mine
on the edge of the Sudbury Basin
. Earlier, in 1856, provincial land surveyor Albert Salter
had located magnetic anomalies in the area that were strongly suggestive of mineral deposits, but his discovery aroused little attention because the area was remote. Railway construction made large-scale mining development in the area economically feasible for the first time.
The community was renamed for Sudbury, Suffolk
, in England, which was the hometown of Canadian Pacific Railway
commissioner James Worthington's wife. The original settlement at Sudbury was not strongly associated with the mines, but served primarily as a transportation hub and a commercial centre for the separate mining camps and farming communities that surrounded it. Miners only began residing in Sudbury itself later on as improvements to the area's transportation network made it possible for workers to live in one community and work in another. Sudbury was incorporated as a town in 1893, and its first mayor was Stephen Fournier
.
Thomas Edison
visited the Sudbury area as a prospector in 1901, and is credited with the original discovery of the ore body at Falconbridge.
Through the decades that followed, Sudbury's economy went through boom and bust cycles as world demand for nickel fluctuated. Demand was high during the First World War when Sudbury–mined nickel was used extensively in the manufacturing of artillery in Sheffield
, England. It bottomed out when the war ended and then rose again in the mid–1920s as peacetime uses for nickel began to develop.
The town was reincorporated as a city in 1930.
The city recovered from the Great Depression
much more quickly than almost any other city in North America due to increased demand for nickel in the 1930s. Sudbury was the fastest–growing city and one of the wealthiest cities in Canada for most of the decade. Many of the city's social problems in the Great Depression era were not caused by unemployment, but due to the difficulty in keeping up with all of its new infrastructure demands created by rapid growth. Between 1936 and 1941, the city was ordered into receivership
by the Ontario Municipal Board
. In their book Sudbury: Rail Town to Regional Capital, historians C. M. Wallace and Ashley Thomson theorize that William Marr Brodie, the city's former mayor who was appointed to the Ontario Municipal Board in 1934, lobbied for the receivership order to protect the city from excessive debts and expenditures even though several other cities in Ontario that were not placed into receivership were in much worse financial shape.
alone accounted for 40 percent of all the nickel used in Allied
artillery
production during the war. After the end of the war, Sudbury was in a good position to supply nickel to the United States government when it decided to stockpile non-Soviet
supplies during the Cold War
.
In 1940, Sudbury became the first city in Canada to install parking meter
s.
Robert Carlin
, a prominent Mine Mill organizer, was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
in 1943 as the city's first-ever Co-operative Commonwealth Federation representative, although he was later expelled by the party for not sufficiently denouncing the purported—and vastly overstated—prominence of Communists in the union.
In 1956, the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers held their Canadian convention in Sudbury, which was noted for hosting the first concert given by Paul Robeson
outside of the United States after the American government instituted its travel ban against him. Also that year, the city approved a natural gas contract with Northern Ontario Natural Gas
— the city's mayor at the time, Leo Landreville
, was later forced to resign from the Supreme Court of Ontario
bench after allegations that he had received stock
favours in exchange for the contract.
One of the worst tornadoes
in Canadian history struck the city and its suburbs on August 20, 1970 killing six people, injuring 200, and causing over $17 million in damages.
. Sudbury has more lakes than any other municipality in Canada with 330 within city limits. Among the most notable are Lake Wanapitei
, the largest lake in the world completely contained within the boundaries of a single city, and Lake Ramsey
, just a few kilometres south of downtown Sudbury, which held the same record before the municipal amalgamation in 2001 brought Lake Wanapitei fully inside the city limits.
The ore deposits in Sudbury are part of a large geological structure known as the Sudbury Basin
that are the remnants of a 1.85-billion year old meteorite
impact crater
. Sudbury's pentlandite
, pyrite
and pyrrhotite
ores contain profitable amounts of many elements — primarily nickel and copper, but also including smaller amounts of cobalt
, platinum
, gold, silver, selenium
and tellurium. It also contains an unusually high concentration of sulfur
. Local smelting of the ore releases this sulfur into the atmosphere where it combines with water vapour to form sulfuric acid
, contributing to acid rain
.
As a result, Sudbury was widely (although not entirely accurately) known for many years as a wasteland. In parts of the city, vegetation was devastated by acid rain and logging to provide fuel for early smelting
techniques. To a lesser extent, the area's ecology was also impacted by lumber camps in the area providing wood for the reconstruction of Chicago after the Great Chicago Fire
of 1871. While other logging areas in Northeastern Ontario were also involved in that effort, the emergence of mining related processes in the following decade made it significantly harder for new trees to grow to full maturity in the Sudbury area than elsewhere.
The resulting erosion exposed bedrock
, which was charred in most places to a pitted, dark black appearance. There was not a complete lack of vegetation in the region. Paper birch
and wild blueberry
patches are examples of plants which thrived in the acidic soils. Not all parts of the city were equally affected even during the worst years of the city's environmental degradation.
During the Apollo manned lunar exploration program, NASA
astronauts trained in Sudbury to become familiar with shatter cones
, a rare rock formation connected with meteorite impacts. However, the popular misconception that they were visiting Sudbury because it resembled the lifeless surface of the moon
dogged the city for years. As recently as 2009, a CBC Radio
journalist repeated the moonscape myth in a report aired on The Current. The show subsequently corrected the error by interviewing NASA astronaut Fred Haise
, who confirmed that he had been in Sudbury to study rock formations.
in 1972 dispersed sulfuric acid over a much wider area, reducing the acidity of local precipitation and enabling the city to begin an environmental recovery program. In the late 1970s, private, public, and commercial interests combined to establish an unprecedented "regreening" effort. Lime
was spread over the charred soil of the Sudbury region by hand and by aircraft. Seeds of wild grasses
and other vegetation were also spread. As of 2010, 9.2 million new trees have been planted in the city. More recently, the city has begun to rehabilitate the slag heap
s that surround the Copper Cliff smelter area, with the planting of grass and trees.
The ecology of the Sudbury region has recovered dramatically, due both to the regreening program and improved mining practices. The United Nations honored twelve cities in the world, including Sudbury, with the Local Government Honours Award at the 1992 Earth Summit
. The award was given to honour the city's community–based environmental reclamation strategies. In 2007, Peter Mansbridge
anchored an edition of the national news program The National from Sudbury, during a weeklong series profiling Canadian municipalities which had successfully implemented local environmental programs.
Stephen Monet, the manager of the city's environmental efforts, noted in early 2010 that the program had successfully rehabilitated 3,350 hectares of land in the city; however, he cautioned that the effort would need to continue or even be significantly expanded, as approximately 30,000 hectares of land have yet to be regreened.
The city's Nickel District Conservation Authority
operates a large conservation area
, the Lake Laurentian Conservation Area
, in the city's south end. Other unique environmental projects in the city include the Fielding Bird Sanctuary, a protected area along Highway 17 near Lively that provides a managed natural habitat for birds, and a hiking and nature trail near Coniston, which is named in honour of scientist Jane Goodall
.
which registered 3.4 on the Richter scale.
On November 29, 2006, the city was hit by a minor earthquake, which registered 4.1 on the Richter scale
and had its epicentre approximately five kilometres west of Lively. It is believed that the movement began on the 7200 level of Creighton Mine
, as ground stress worked its way through upper and lower levels along what is called the Creighton fault. No major damage was reported, although there were reports of the quake being felt as far away as Toronto. Seismologists confirmed in early December that the quake was most likely related to mining activity in the region.
Similarly, a tremor on September 11, 2008 which registered 3.0 on the Richter scale followed a planned blast at the city's North Mine. Small earthquakes were also reported on March 13 and September 20, 2005.
Dfb). This region has warm and often hot summers with long, cold winters. Monthly precipitation is equal year round with snow cover expected 6 months of the year.
. In the 2006 census, the city's population increased to 157,857, a growth of 1.7 per cent over 2001. Of that population, 106,612 lived in the city's urban core, while the remaining 51,245 lived in suburban or rural communities within the city limits. The median age is 41.1 years, slightly higher than the provincial average of 39.0 years.
Sudbury is a bilingual city with a large francophone
population. Some 80.1% of the population speak English as their first language followed by French at 16.3% which is higher than the Ontario average of 2.4%. According to the 2001 census, the residents of Greater Sudbury are predominantly Christian. Almost 90 percent of the population claims adherence to Christian denominations including: Roman Catholic (64.6%), Protestant (23.1%), and other Christian groups (1.6%). Those with no religious affiliation accounted 9.9% of the population. Other religions such as Islam, Judaism, and Hinduism
constitute less than one per cent of the population. According to the 2006 Census, Greater Sudbury is 91.8% White, 6.1% Aboriginal, and 2.1% Visible Minorities.
The Census Metropolitan Area of Greater Sudbury consists of Greater Sudbury municipality (population 157,857) and the independent Wahnapitae First Nation
reserve enclave (population 52) and Whitefish Lake
(population 349).
ore were discovered in the Sudbury Basin
geological formation. Two major mining companies were created, Inco in 1902 and Falconbridge
in 1928. They became two of the city’s major employers and two of the world's leading producers of nickel. By the 1970s, Inco employed a quarter of the local workforce. Mining has since decreased in importance and Sudbury’s economy has diversified significantly to establish itself as a major centre of finance, business, tourism, health care, education, government, and science and technology research. Many of these reflect Sudbury’s position as a regional service centre for Northereastern Ontario.
In 2006, Inco and Falconbridge were taken over by foreign multinational corporations: Inco was acquired by the Brazilian company Vale, and Falconbridge was purchased by the Swiss company Xstrata
. Vale now employs less than 5 per cent of the workforce. By 2006, 80% of Greater Sudbury's labour force was employed in services with 20% remaining in manufacturing.
Over 345 mining supply and service companies are located in Sudbury. This includes a number of public and private firms pursuing research and development in new mining technologies such as Mining Innovation Rehabilitation and Applied Research Corporation
(MIRARCO), the Northern Centre for Advanced Technology (NORCAT), and the Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation
(CEMI).
The top employers in Sudbury as of November 2010 include:
, December 26. Instead, stores in Sudbury begin their post-Christmas Boxing Day sales on December 27.
, the lowest background radiation particle detector in the world. Although the original experiments have now concluded, the underground laboratory has been enlarged and continues to operate other experiments at SNOLAB
. SNOLAB will be the world's deepest underground lab facility; the deeper Kolar Gold Fields experiments
ended with the closing of the mine in 1992, and the planned DUSEL laboratory is not expected to begin construction before 2012. The SNO equipment itself is currently being refurbished for use in the SNO+
experiment.
— the Art Gallery of Sudbury
and La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario
. Both are dedicated primarily to Canadian art, especially artists from Northern Ontario. The Art Gallery of Sudbury is in the planning stages of a new 14000 square feet (1,300.6 m²) purpose-built facility downtown, which will be named the Franklin Carmichael
Art Gallery, after the Group of Seven
artist.
The city's two professional theatre companies are the anglophone Sudbury Theatre Centre
(STC) and the francophone Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario
(TNO). The STC has its own theatre venue downtown, while the TNO stages its productions at La salle André Paiement
, a venue located on the campus of Collège Boréal
. Theatre productions are also staged by students at Laurentian University
's affiliated Thornloe
faculty, by a community theatre company at Cambrian College
, as well as by high school drama students at Sudbury Secondary School
, Lo-Ellen Park Secondary School
and École secondaire MacDonald-Cartier
with its troupe Les Draveurs.
An annual film festival, Cinéfest
, is also held in the city each September.
, Kate Maki
, Nathan Lawr
, Gil Grand
, Kevin Closs
, CANO
, Jake Mathews
, Loma Lyns
, Alex J. Robinson
and Chuck Labelle
, have predominantly been in the country, folk and country-rock genres. Another notable Canadian country rock band, Ox
, was launched in Vancouver
by two musicians from Sudbury, Ryan Bishops
and Mark Browning
, although the band has more recently moved back to Sudbury. The rap metal
bands Project Wyze
and Konflit dramatiK have also had some success.
Sudbury has lacked a midsized performing arts centre since the demise of the Grand Theatre in the 1990s. High-profile musicians play at the Sudbury Community Arena. Bell Park
's outdoor Grace Hartman Amphitheatre and Laurentian University
's Fraser Auditorium are sometimes used for summer bookings, although neither is available year-round. Smaller touring indie rock
bands, as well as some local musicians, are usually booked at The Townehouse Tavern, while local bands play a number of small music venues across the city.
The city is also home to annual music festivals including Sudbury Summerfest
, the Northern Lights Festival Boréal
and La Nuit sur l'étang
. The local Sudbury Symphony Orchestra
performs six annual concerts of classical music, staged at the Glad Tidings Tabernacle since Greater Sudbury still lacks a proper concert hall.
's novel Logan in Overtime, Robert J. Sawyer
's Neanderthal Parallax trilogy, Alistair MacLeod
's novel No Great Mischief
, and Jean-Marc Dalpé
's play 1932, la ville du nickel and his short story collection Contes sudburois. The city is also fictionalized as "Chinookville" in several books by American comedy writer Jack Douglas
.
One of Stompin' Tom Connors
' most famous songs, "Sudbury Saturday Night
", is inspired by the city and its hard rock mining image. Quebec musician Mononc' Serge
also wrote a song about the city, titled "Sudbury", on his 2001 album Mon voyage au Canada.
Artist A. Y. Jackson
's 1953 painting "Spring on the Onaping River" depicts a waterfall on the Onaping River between Dowling and Onaping. A scenic lookout on Highway 144 enables a view of the waterfall. The painting itself hung at Sudbury Secondary School
from 1955 to 1974, when it was stolen from the school grounds shortly after Jackson's death and has not been recovered.
, produced the set comedy series Météo+
in Sudbury, which was co-written by Robert Marinier, an alumnus of the local high school École Secondaire Macdonald-Cartier.
Sudbury is home to several film and television production companies. March Entertainment
's studio in Sudbury has produced a number of animated television series, including Chilly Beach
, Maple Shorts
, Yam Roll
and Dex Hamilton: Alien Entomologist
. Inner City Films, a film and television production company owned by Sudbury native Robert Adetuyi
and his brothers Tom, Amos, and Alfons, established a production office in Sudbury. The forthcoming film High Chicago, starring Colin Salmon
, began production in Sudbury in 2010. In 2008, award winning indie filmmaker and Sudbury native B. P. Paquette
and film producer Jason Ross Jallet
founded their production-distribution company, Nortario Films, in Sudbury. In 2011, they partnered with local business entrepreneur Gerry Paquette to establish the not-for-profit company Northern Ontario Motion Picture Culture and Industry Development Corporation (NOMPCIDC), whose mandate is to develop and promote the film & television industry in Northern Ontario
. In the spring of 2010, Les Productions R. Charbonneau (the company responsible for bringing Météo+ to Sudbury with the same writi) announced it would be producing three seasons of a new show in Sudbury written by the same team as Météo+, Les Bleus de Ramville
, about hockey fans in the fictional small town of Ramville. Sudbury is also home to the Science North Production Team
, an award-winning producer of documentary films and multimedia presentations for museums.
, particularly in the former municipalities of Valley East and Rayside-Balfour and historically in the Moulin-à-Fleur neighbourhood within the boundaries of the original city of Sudbury. The city has the largest proportion of francophones of any major city in Ontario. Sudbury also has the second largest francophone community of any city in English Canada behind only Ottawa
. The French culture is celebrated with the Franco-Ontarian flag
which was created in 1975 by a group of teachers at Laurentian University
and after some controversy has flown at Tom Davies Square
since 2006. The flag has been recognized by the province as an official emblem.
Sudbury is a very important centre in Franco-Ontarian cultural history, and the francophone community of Sudbury has played a central role in developing and maintaining many of the cultural institutions. Those institutions include the Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario
, La Nuit sur l'étang
, La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario
, Le Centre franco-ontarien de folklore and the Prise de parole
publishing company. In July 2011, Sudbury was host to les Jeux de la francophonie canadienne.
parade in 1997. The annual event takes place in summer. Zig's, the city's prominent gay business, is the only gay bar in Northern Ontario. Early gay venues in the city included the now-demolished Nickel Range Hotel in the 1960s, the Peter Piper Inn in the 1970s and the now-demolished Frontenac Hotel in the 1970s and 1980s, before the city's first standalone gay bar, R Place on Lasalle Boulevard, opened in the late 1980s. D-Bar, a new downtown venue, opened in 1992, and was active until Zig's opened in 1997, in the now-demolished Empress Building, and re-opened in another location nearby.
Science North
is an interactive science museum
and Northern Ontario
's most popular tourist attraction. It consists of two snowflake–shaped buildings on the southwestern shore of Lake Ramsey
and just south of the city's downtown core. There is also a former ice hockey
arena on–site, which includes the complex's entrance and an IMAX
theatre. The snowflake buildings are connected by a rock tunnel, which passes through a billion-year-old geologic fault
.
Sudbury's mining heritage is reflected in another major tourist attraction, Dynamic Earth
. This interactive science museum focuses principally on geology and mining history exhibitions and is also home to the Big Nickel
, one of Sudbury's most famous landmarks.
The Inco Superstack
is the tallest freestanding chimney
in the Western hemisphere, and the second tallest structure in Canada after the CN Tower
.
The city is also home to the Greater Sudbury Heritage Museums
, a network of historical community museums, and a mining heritage monument overlooking the city's Bell Park
.
In 2007, the city undertook a community project named the Bridge of Nations, which saw the downtown Paris Street bridge retrofitted with 82 flagpoles, each of which will permanently display the flag of a world nation demographically represented among the population of Sudbury.
by the Sudbury Wolves
of the Ontario Hockey League
who play at the Sudbury Community Arena. The Sudbury Spartans
football club have played in the Northern Football Conference
since 1954.
Laurentian University is represented in the Canadian Interuniversity Sport
league by the Laurentian Voyageurs and the Laurentian Lady Vees. Cambrian College is represented in the Canadian Colleges Athletic Association
by the Cambrian Golden Shield, and Collège Boréal is represented by the Boréal Vipères. High school students compete in the Sudbury District Secondary School Athletic Association (SDSSAA), which is a division of Northern Ontario Secondary School Athletics (NOSSA).
The city is also home to a harness racing
track, located in Azilda, called Sudbury Downs
. That facility, although not a full casino
, also has slot machine
s.
The city hosted the IAAF World Junior Championships in Athletics
in 1988. Sudbury also played host to the Brier, Canada's annual men's curling
championships, in 1953 and 1983, and to the 2001 Scott Tournament of Hearts
, the women's curling championship. Sudbury has also hosted the 2010 Ontario Summer Games.
Sudbury has many trails that are used year round. The Sudbury Trail Plan grooms almost 1,200 km of trails for snowmobile
s in the winter. Twenty-three kilometres of diverse hiking, biking, and jogging trails are found in the Lake Laurentian Conservation Area
near downtown. Other trails link Sudbury to areas outside of the city including the Trans Canada Trail
, which passes through the city, and the Voyageur Hiking Trail
.
From the city hall at Tom Davies Square
, the city is headed by 12 council
members and one mayor both elected every four years. The current mayor of Greater Sudbury is Marianne Matichuk
, who defeated John Rodriguez
in the 2010 municipal election
. The 2011 operating budget for Greater Sudbury was C$471 million, and the city employs 2006 full time workers.
The city is represented federally by New Democratic Party
Members of Parliament Glenn Thibeault
in the Sudbury riding
, and Claude Gravelle
in Nickel Belt
. Their counterparts in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
are Ontario Liberal Party
MPP Rick Bartolucci
in Sudbury
and Ontario New Democratic Party
MPP France Gélinas
in Nickel Belt
. Both federal and provincial politics in the city tend to be dominated by the Liberal and New Democratic parties. Historically, the Liberals have been stronger in the urban Sudbury riding, with the New Democrats dominant in the more rural Nickel Belt, although both ridings have elected members of both parties at different times.
The provincial Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forestry has its head office in the city.
companies, Sudbury's ability to directly levy municipal taxes on Inco and Falconbridge is severely curtailed, compared to most cities whose major employers operate in other industries. As early as 1954, the Sudbury Star
was referring to Sudbury as "a city without a city's birthright", because of this taxation barrier. Prior to the creation of the Regional Municipality of Sudbury in 1973, the city could not levy any taxes against the mining companies at all, because the Ontario Municipal Board
consistently denied the city's requests to annex the outlying company towns, such as Copper Cliff, Coniston, Frood Mine or Falconbridge, where the mining facilities were actually located.
This fact sometimes left the city without a sufficient tax base to adequately maintain or improve municipal services. At one point, Sudbury offered the fewest municipal services of any city of comparable size in Ontario, despite having residential property tax rates fully 20 per cent higher than any of the same cities. For example, the city did not maintain a public transit system until 1972, instead relying on a succession of private operators, which were eventually consolidated under the ownership of Paul Desmarais
, to provide bus services to commuters. The city only took over the system after a public outcry following an incident in which several students en route to classes at Laurentian University
were hospitalized for carbon monoxide
inhalation when their bus stalled and exhaust leaked into the vehicle.
In the 1950s, the provincial government began providing the city with an annual grant to make up the shortfall, although a municipal accounting study in 1956 found that this grant was only providing 52 per cent of the revenue the city would have received from a direct tax assessment on the mining facilities.
In 1973, the city and its suburban communities were reorganized into the Regional Municipality of Sudbury. The expansion of the city's boundaries gave the city the power to levy property taxes on Inco's surface operations in Copper Cliff and Frood, but not on their underground facilities. This change improved the city's tax base, but the ongoing discrepancy has still been cited as a factor in municipal politics as recently as the 2006 municipal election
. Even today, fully 75 per cent of the city's tax base comes from residential property taxes.
The former regional municipality was subsequently merged in 2001 into the single-tier city of Greater Sudbury. In 2006, there was renewed debate on the municipal amalgamation. Many residents of the former town of Rayside-Balfour
, were unhappy with their position in the city, and lobbied for a deamalgamation referendum
during the 2006 municipal election. City council refused to endorse such a referendum, although even with the council's endorsement a vote would still have to be approved by the provincial Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing
. In 2006, then-Mayor David Courtemanche
appointed former MPP Floyd Laughren
to chair an advisory committee to review and make recommendations to improve the quality of city services to the outlying communities. Laughren submitted his final report on January 10, 2007, making 34 recommendations for improvements in the city's municipal ward structure, communications, transportation, recreation and transit services.
Greater Sudbury was formed by the amalgamation of five towns and two cities on January 1, 2001. The population figures cited next to each are from the 2001 Canadian census:
The names Greater Sudbury and Ville du Grand Sudbury are thus almost exclusively political designations. In common usage, the city is still generally referred to as Sudbury, and often the amalgamated municipalities are still referred to by name and continue in some respects to maintain their own distinct identities. Each of the seven former municipalities encompasses numerous smaller neighbourhoods. The city maintains a system of community action networks
, most of which are organized along the boundaries of the former municipalities.
The Wanup area, formerly an unincorporated settlement outside of Sudbury's old city limits, was also annexed into the city in 2001, along with a largely wilderness area on the northeastern shore of Lake Wanapitei
.
There are three highways connecting Sudbury to the rest of Ontario:
Greater Sudbury is the only census division in Northern Ontario that maintains a system of numbered municipal roads, similar to the county road system in the southern part of the province.
The Greater Sudbury Airport
is served by three regional carrier lines: Air Canada Jazz
to the Toronto Pearson International Airport
, Porter Airlines
to the Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport, and Bearskin Airlines
to the Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport
as well as several destinations in Northern Ontario including Kapuskasing, North Bay
, Sault Ste. Marie
, Timmins
, and Thunder Bay
. Sunwing Vacations
also offers seasonal chartered direct flights to Puerto Plata
.
Inter-city train service in Sudbury is provided by Via Rail
, with The Canadian
between Toronto and Vancouver
and the Sudbury – White River train, both three times a week. It is also served by inter-city bus services Greyhound Canada and Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services
.
The city maintains a public transit system, Greater Sudbury Transit
, featuring over 90 buses covering 39 routes.
in Canada was performed at Sudbury Memorial Hospital.
Adult mental health services are also provided to the area through Health Sciences North, primarily at the Kirkwood site (formerly the Sudbury Algoma Hospital) and at the Cedar site downtown. Children's mental health services are provided through the Regional Children's Psychiatric Centre operated by the Northeast Mental Health Centre, located onsite at the Kirkwood Site of Health Sciences North.
, headquartered in downtown Sudbury. There is also a detachment of the Ontario Provincial Police
located in the McFarlane Lake area of the city's south end.
Greater Sudbury Emergency Medical Services provide prehospital paramedic services. Two levels of paramedics work in Greater Sudbury, primary care and advanced care paramedics. There are over 150 full-time and part-time paramedics. EMS operates from 10 bases throughout the Sudbury area, as well as a central headquarters in Azilda.
Greater Sudbury Fire Services operates from 25 fire stations located throughout the city, with a combination of full-time and paid part-time firefighters. Prior to the municipal amalgamation of 2001, most of the suburban towns were served by separate volunteer fire department
s, which were amalgamated into the citywide service as part of the municipal restructuring.
The municipally owned energy provider Greater Sudbury Utilities
serves the city's urban core, while rural areas in the city continue to be served by Hydro One
.
Greater Sudbury is home to three postsecondary institutions: Laurentian University
, a primarily undergraduate mid-sized bilingual university with approximately 9000 students, Cambrian College
, an English college of applied arts and technology, and Collège Boréal
, a francophone
college with additional campuses throughout Northern Ontario.
Laurentian University is home to the Sudbury campus of the Northern Ontario School of Medicine
. NOSM was the first medical school to be established in Canada in 30 years, having opened in September 2005. Laurentian is also undergoing preparations to launch the Northern Ontario School of Architecture, which was formally green-lit by the provincial government in 2011 and will be the first new architecture school to launch in Canada in over 40 years. This school is planned to have its own separate campus in downtown Sudbury, although its precise location has yet to be announced. Laurentian is also tentatively planning to open a law school at some point in the future.
English-language public schooling is provided by the Rainbow District School Board
. The board operates 30 elementary and seven secondary schools, one school for students with special needs and the Cecil Facer Youth Centre for young offenders. The Sudbury Catholic District School Board
offers publicly funded English-language Catholic education, with 20 elementary schools, four high schools and an adult education centre. French-language public schools are administered by the Conseil scolaire de district du Grand Nord de l'Ontario
with nine elementary and three secondary schools. Finally, the Conseil scolaire de district catholique du Nouvel-Ontario
provides publicly funded French-language Catholic education, with 18 elementary and four secondary schools.
There are also two Christian private schools (Glad Tidings Academy and King Christian Academy), as well two Montessori schools (King Montessori Academy and the Montessori School of Sudbury).
produces almost all local programming on the CTV Northern Ontario
system, and the CBC Radio stations CBCS-FM
and CBON-FM
broadcast to the entire region through extensive rebroadcaster networks. As well, most of the commercial radio stations in Northeastern Ontario's smaller cities simulcast programming produced in Sudbury for at least a portion of their programming schedules, particularly in weekend and evening slots.
Sudbury's daily newspaper is the Sudbury Star
, owned by Quebecor
's Sun Media
division. The newspaper with the highest circulation is Northern Life, a community paper which publishes twice a week.
host Alex Trebek
and Olympian Alex Baumann
who won two gold medals and set two world records in swimming. Sudbury has produced 81 NHL hockey players, a number larger than any European city. This includes the following NHL players who have played over 1000 games:
Ontario
Ontario is a province of Canada, located in east-central Canada. It is Canada's most populous province and second largest in total area. It is home to the nation's most populous city, Toronto, and the nation's capital, Ottawa....
, Canada. Greater Sudbury was created in 2001 by merging the cities and towns of the former Regional Municipality of Sudbury, along with several previously unincorporated geographic townships. Once a world leader in nickel mining, Sudbury is now the major retail, economic, health and educational centre for Northeastern Ontario. Sudbury is also home to a large Franco-Ontarian population which influences its arts and culture.
It is the largest city in the Northern Ontario
Northern Ontario
Northern Ontario is a region of the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north of Lake Huron , the French River and Lake Nipissing. The region has a land area of 802,000 km2 and constitutes 87% of the land area of Ontario, although it contains only about 6% of the population...
region by population, and the 24th largest metropolitan area in Canada. By land area, it is the largest city in Ontario, and the seventh largest municipality by area in Canada. Greater Sudbury is one of only five cities in Ontario that constitutes its own independent census division
Census division
Census division is an official term in Canada and the United States. The census divisions of Canada are second-level census geographic unit, below provinces and territories, and above "census subdivisions" and "dissemination areas". In provinces where they exist, the census division may correspond...
s, and is not part of any district, county or regional municipality
Regional municipality
A regional municipality is a type of Canadian municipal government similar to and at the same municipal government level as a county, although the specific structure and servicing responsibilities may vary from place to place...
. It is also the only city in Ontario which has two official names; its name in French is Grand-Sudbury. Unlike designations such as Greater Toronto
Greater Toronto Area
The Greater Toronto Area is the largest metropolitan area in Canada, with a 2006 census population of 5.5 million. The Greater Toronto Area is usually defined as the central city of Toronto, along with four regional municipalities surrounding it: Durham, Halton, Peel, and York...
, the name "Greater Sudbury" refers to a single city, not a conurbation of independent municipalities. However, Sudbury is still the more common name for the city in everyday usage.
Early history
Originally named Sainte-Anne-des-Pins ("St. Anne of the Pines"), Greater Sudbury was established as a mission by the Jesuits in 1883. The Sainte-Anne-des-Pins church played a prominent role in the development of Franco-Ontarian culture in the region. Until 1917, Sainte-Anne-des-Pins was the only Roman Catholic congregation in Sudbury, offering masses in both English and French.The community started as a small lumber camp in McKim township
Township (Canada)
The term township generally means the district or area associated with a town. However in some systems no town needs to be involved. The specific use of the term to describe political subdivisions has varied by country, usually to describe a local rural or semi-rural government within the county...
. During construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway
Canadian Pacific Railway
The Canadian Pacific Railway , formerly also known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railway founded in 1881 and now operated by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001...
in 1883, blasting and excavation revealed high concentrations of nickel-copper ore
Ore
An ore is a type of rock that contains minerals with important elements including metals. The ores are extracted through mining; these are then refined to extract the valuable element....
at Murray Mine
Murray Mine
Murray Mine is a defunct nickel and copper mine in Greater Sudbury, Ontario. It was the site of the original ore discovery that led to the launch of mining operations in the Sudbury area....
on the edge of the Sudbury Basin
Sudbury Basin
The Sudbury Basin, also known as Sudbury Structure or the Sudbury Nickel Irruptive, is a major geologic structure in Ontario, Canada. It is the second-largest known impact crater or astrobleme on Earth, as well as one of the oldest....
. Earlier, in 1856, provincial land surveyor Albert Salter
Albert Salter
Albert Salter was a provincial land surveyor in Ontario in the mid-19th century. He is historically most notable for having discovered magnetic abnormalities at what is now Creighton Mine in Greater Sudbury, while surveying a baseline westward from Lake Nipissing in 1856...
had located magnetic anomalies in the area that were strongly suggestive of mineral deposits, but his discovery aroused little attention because the area was remote. Railway construction made large-scale mining development in the area economically feasible for the first time.
The community was renamed for Sudbury, Suffolk
Sudbury, Suffolk
Sudbury is a small, ancient market town in the county of Suffolk, England, on the River Stour, from Colchester and from London.-Early history:...
, in England, which was the hometown of Canadian Pacific Railway
Canadian Pacific Railway
The Canadian Pacific Railway , formerly also known as CP Rail between 1968 and 1996, is a historic Canadian Class I railway founded in 1881 and now operated by Canadian Pacific Railway Limited, which began operations as legal owner in a corporate restructuring in 2001...
commissioner James Worthington's wife. The original settlement at Sudbury was not strongly associated with the mines, but served primarily as a transportation hub and a commercial centre for the separate mining camps and farming communities that surrounded it. Miners only began residing in Sudbury itself later on as improvements to the area's transportation network made it possible for workers to live in one community and work in another. Sudbury was incorporated as a town in 1893, and its first mayor was Stephen Fournier
Stephen Fournier
Jean-Étienne Fournier was a Canadian politician, who served as the first mayor of Sudbury, Ontario.Born in Trois-Pistoles, Quebec, Fournier worked for the Central Canada Railway and the Canadian Pacific Railway in Petawawa before moving to Sudbury, where he became the community's first postmaster...
.
Thomas Edison
Thomas Edison
Thomas Alva Edison was an American inventor and businessman. He developed many devices that greatly influenced life around the world, including the phonograph, the motion picture camera, and a long-lasting, practical electric light bulb. In addition, he created the world’s first industrial...
visited the Sudbury area as a prospector in 1901, and is credited with the original discovery of the ore body at Falconbridge.
Through the decades that followed, Sudbury's economy went through boom and bust cycles as world demand for nickel fluctuated. Demand was high during the First World War when Sudbury–mined nickel was used extensively in the manufacturing of artillery in Sheffield
Sheffield
Sheffield is a city and metropolitan borough of South Yorkshire, England. Its name derives from the River Sheaf, which runs through the city. Historically a part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, and with some of its southern suburbs annexed from Derbyshire, the city has grown from its largely...
, England. It bottomed out when the war ended and then rose again in the mid–1920s as peacetime uses for nickel began to develop.
The town was reincorporated as a city in 1930.
The city recovered from the Great Depression
Great Depression
The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression in the decade preceding World War II. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, but in most countries it started in about 1929 and lasted until the late 1930s or early 1940s...
much more quickly than almost any other city in North America due to increased demand for nickel in the 1930s. Sudbury was the fastest–growing city and one of the wealthiest cities in Canada for most of the decade. Many of the city's social problems in the Great Depression era were not caused by unemployment, but due to the difficulty in keeping up with all of its new infrastructure demands created by rapid growth. Between 1936 and 1941, the city was ordered into receivership
Receivership
In law, receivership is the situation in which an institution or enterprise is being held by a receiver, a person "placed in the custodial responsibility for the property of others, including tangible and intangible assets and rights." The receivership remedy is an equitable remedy that emerged in...
by the Ontario Municipal Board
Ontario Municipal Board
The Ontario Municipal Board is an independent administrative board, operated as an adjudicative tribunal, in the province of Ontario, Canada...
. In their book Sudbury: Rail Town to Regional Capital, historians C. M. Wallace and Ashley Thomson theorize that William Marr Brodie, the city's former mayor who was appointed to the Ontario Municipal Board in 1934, lobbied for the receivership order to protect the city from excessive debts and expenditures even though several other cities in Ontario that were not placed into receivership were in much worse financial shape.
Modern History
Another economic slowdown effected the city in 1937, but the city's fortunes rose again during the Second World War. The Frood MineFrood Mine
Frood-Stobie Mine is a nickel mine in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.During World War II, Frood Mine alone accounted for a full 40 per cent of all the nickel used in Allied artillery production. In 1989, Frood Mine shared the John T...
alone accounted for 40 percent of all the nickel used in Allied
Allies
In everyday English usage, allies are people, groups, or nations that have joined together in an association for mutual benefit or to achieve some common purpose, whether or not explicit agreement has been worked out between them...
artillery
Artillery
Originally applied to any group of infantry primarily armed with projectile weapons, artillery has over time become limited in meaning to refer only to those engines of war that operate by projection of munitions far beyond the range of effect of personal weapons...
production during the war. After the end of the war, Sudbury was in a good position to supply nickel to the United States government when it decided to stockpile non-Soviet
Soviet Union
The Soviet Union , officially the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics , was a constitutionally socialist state that existed in Eurasia between 1922 and 1991....
supplies during the Cold War
Cold War
The Cold War was the continuing state from roughly 1946 to 1991 of political conflict, military tension, proxy wars, and economic competition between the Communist World—primarily the Soviet Union and its satellite states and allies—and the powers of the Western world, primarily the United States...
.
In 1940, Sudbury became the first city in Canada to install parking meter
Parking meter
A parking meter is a device used to collect money in exchange for the right to park a vehicle in a particular place for a limited amount of time. Parking meters can be used by municipalities as a tool for enforcing their integrated on-street parking policy, usually related to their traffic and...
s.
Robert Carlin
Robert Carlin
Robert Carlin was a Canadian labour union organizer and politician, who represented the electoral district of Sudbury in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1943 to 1948. He was a member of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation .Born in Buckingham, Quebec, Carlin moved to Cobalt in 1916...
, a prominent Mine Mill organizer, was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Legislative Assembly of Ontario
The Legislative Assembly of Ontario , is the legislature of the Canadian province of Ontario, and is the second largest provincial legislature of Canada...
in 1943 as the city's first-ever Co-operative Commonwealth Federation representative, although he was later expelled by the party for not sufficiently denouncing the purported—and vastly overstated—prominence of Communists in the union.
In 1956, the Mine, Mill and Smelter Workers held their Canadian convention in Sudbury, which was noted for hosting the first concert given by Paul Robeson
Paul Robeson
Paul Leroy Robeson was an American concert singer , recording artist, actor, athlete, scholar who was an advocate for the Civil Rights Movement in the first half of the twentieth century...
outside of the United States after the American government instituted its travel ban against him. Also that year, the city approved a natural gas contract with Northern Ontario Natural Gas
Northern Ontario Natural Gas
Northern Ontario Natural Gas was a natural gas company in Canada in the 1950s and 1960s, which was involved in a stock trading scandal that implicated Supreme Court of Ontario judge Leo Landreville and three members of Premier Leslie Frost's cabinet....
— the city's mayor at the time, Leo Landreville
Leo Landreville
Leo Landreville was a Canadian politician and lawyer, who served as mayor of Sudbury, Ontario in 1955 and 1956 before being appointed to the Supreme Court of Ontario as a judge...
, was later forced to resign from the Supreme Court of Ontario
Supreme Court of Ontario
The Supreme Court of Ontario was a superior court of the Canadian province of Ontario. Now defunct, in 1989 the Courts of Justice Amendment Act, 1989 was enacted by the Government to create one large superior trial court for Ontario...
bench after allegations that he had received stock
Stock
The capital stock of a business entity represents the original capital paid into or invested in the business by its founders. It serves as a security for the creditors of a business since it cannot be withdrawn to the detriment of the creditors...
favours in exchange for the contract.
One of the worst tornadoes
Sudbury, Ontario Tornado
On August 20, 1970, an F3 tornado hit the Canadian city of Sudbury, Ontario.Considered unusual because tornadoes of this strength rarely occur in Northern Ontario, the tornado touched down in the suburban community of Lively. The tornado tracked quickly eastward into the city, hitting the...
in Canadian history struck the city and its suburbs on August 20, 1970 killing six people, injuring 200, and causing over $17 million in damages.
Topography
Sudbury is on the Canadian (Precambrian) ShieldCanadian Shield
The Canadian Shield, also called the Laurentian Plateau, or Bouclier Canadien , is a vast geological shield covered by a thin layer of soil that forms the nucleus of the North American or Laurentia craton. It is an area mostly composed of igneous rock which relates to its long volcanic history...
. Sudbury has more lakes than any other municipality in Canada with 330 within city limits. Among the most notable are Lake Wanapitei
Lake Wanapitei
Lake Wanapitei occupies a meteorite crater in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. It is located near the large Sudbury meteorite crater but is not related to it....
, the largest lake in the world completely contained within the boundaries of a single city, and Lake Ramsey
Lake Ramsey
Lake Ramsey is a lake in Sudbury, Ontario, located near the city's downtown core. Until 2001, Lake Ramsey was listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's largest lake located entirely within the boundaries of a single city, but when the Regional Municipality of Sudbury was...
, just a few kilometres south of downtown Sudbury, which held the same record before the municipal amalgamation in 2001 brought Lake Wanapitei fully inside the city limits.
The ore deposits in Sudbury are part of a large geological structure known as the Sudbury Basin
Sudbury Basin
The Sudbury Basin, also known as Sudbury Structure or the Sudbury Nickel Irruptive, is a major geologic structure in Ontario, Canada. It is the second-largest known impact crater or astrobleme on Earth, as well as one of the oldest....
that are the remnants of a 1.85-billion year old meteorite
Meteorite
A meteorite is a natural object originating in outer space that survives impact with the Earth's surface. Meteorites can be big or small. Most meteorites derive from small astronomical objects called meteoroids, but they are also sometimes produced by impacts of asteroids...
impact crater
Impact crater
In the broadest sense, the term impact crater can be applied to any depression, natural or manmade, resulting from the high velocity impact of a projectile with a larger body...
. Sudbury's pentlandite
Pentlandite
Pentlandite is an iron-nickel sulfide, 9S8. Pentlandite usually has a Ni:Fe ratio of close to 1:1. It also contains minor cobalt.Pentlandite forms isometric crystals, but is normally found in massive granular aggregates. It is brittle with a hardness of 3.5 - 4 and specific gravity of 4.6 - 5.0 and...
, pyrite
Pyrite
The mineral pyrite, or iron pyrite, is an iron sulfide with the formula FeS2. This mineral's metallic luster and pale-to-normal, brass-yellow hue have earned it the nickname fool's gold because of its resemblance to gold...
and pyrrhotite
Pyrrhotite
Pyrrhotite is an unusual iron sulfide mineral with a variable iron content: FeS . The FeS endmember is known as troilite. Pyrrhotite is also called magnetic pyrite because the color is similar to pyrite and it is weakly magnetic...
ores contain profitable amounts of many elements — primarily nickel and copper, but also including smaller amounts of cobalt
Cobalt
Cobalt is a chemical element with symbol Co and atomic number 27. It is found naturally only in chemically combined form. The free element, produced by reductive smelting, is a hard, lustrous, silver-gray metal....
, platinum
Platinum
Platinum is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Pt and an atomic number of 78. Its name is derived from the Spanish term platina del Pinto, which is literally translated into "little silver of the Pinto River." It is a dense, malleable, ductile, precious, gray-white transition metal...
, gold, silver, selenium
Selenium
Selenium is a chemical element with atomic number 34, chemical symbol Se, and an atomic mass of 78.96. It is a nonmetal, whose properties are intermediate between those of adjacent chalcogen elements sulfur and tellurium...
and tellurium. It also contains an unusually high concentration of sulfur
Sulfur
Sulfur or sulphur is the chemical element with atomic number 16. In the periodic table it is represented by the symbol S. It is an abundant, multivalent non-metal. Under normal conditions, sulfur atoms form cyclic octatomic molecules with chemical formula S8. Elemental sulfur is a bright yellow...
. Local smelting of the ore releases this sulfur into the atmosphere where it combines with water vapour to form sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid
Sulfuric acid is a strong mineral acid with the molecular formula . Its historical name is oil of vitriol. Pure sulfuric acid is a highly corrosive, colorless, viscous liquid. The salts of sulfuric acid are called sulfates...
, contributing to acid rain
Acid rain
Acid rain is a rain or any other form of precipitation that is unusually acidic, meaning that it possesses elevated levels of hydrogen ions . It can have harmful effects on plants, aquatic animals, and infrastructure. Acid rain is caused by emissions of carbon dioxide, sulfur dioxide and nitrogen...
.
Smelting
Smelting is a form of extractive metallurgy; its main use is to produce a metal from its ore. This includes iron extraction from iron ore, and copper extraction and other base metals from their ores...
techniques. To a lesser extent, the area's ecology was also impacted by lumber camps in the area providing wood for the reconstruction of Chicago after the Great Chicago Fire
Great Chicago Fire
The Great Chicago Fire was a conflagration that burned from Sunday, October 8, to early Tuesday, October 10, 1871, killing hundreds and destroying about in Chicago, Illinois. Though the fire was one of the largest U.S...
of 1871. While other logging areas in Northeastern Ontario were also involved in that effort, the emergence of mining related processes in the following decade made it significantly harder for new trees to grow to full maturity in the Sudbury area than elsewhere.
The resulting erosion exposed bedrock
Bedrock
In stratigraphy, bedrock is the native consolidated rock underlying the surface of a terrestrial planet, usually the Earth. Above the bedrock is usually an area of broken and weathered unconsolidated rock in the basal subsoil...
, which was charred in most places to a pitted, dark black appearance. There was not a complete lack of vegetation in the region. Paper birch
Paper Birch
Betula papyrifera is a species of birch native to northern North America.-Description:...
and wild blueberry
Blueberry
Blueberries are flowering plants of the genus Vaccinium with dark-blue berries and are perennial...
patches are examples of plants which thrived in the acidic soils. Not all parts of the city were equally affected even during the worst years of the city's environmental degradation.
During the Apollo manned lunar exploration program, NASA
NASA
The National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the agency of the United States government that is responsible for the nation's civilian space program and for aeronautics and aerospace research...
astronauts trained in Sudbury to become familiar with shatter cones
Shatter cone
Shatter cones are rare geological features that are only known to form in the bedrock beneath meteorite impact craters or underground nuclear explosions...
, a rare rock formation connected with meteorite impacts. However, the popular misconception that they were visiting Sudbury because it resembled the lifeless surface of the moon
Moon
The Moon is Earth's only known natural satellite,There are a number of near-Earth asteroids including 3753 Cruithne that are co-orbital with Earth: their orbits bring them close to Earth for periods of time but then alter in the long term . These are quasi-satellites and not true moons. For more...
dogged the city for years. As recently as 2009, a CBC Radio
CBC Radio
CBC Radio generally refers to the English-language radio operations of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. The CBC operates a number of radio networks serving different audiences and programming niches, all of which are outlined below.-English:CBC Radio operates three English language...
journalist repeated the moonscape myth in a report aired on The Current. The show subsequently corrected the error by interviewing NASA astronaut Fred Haise
Fred Haise
Fred Wallace Haise, Jr. is an engineer and former NASA astronaut. He is one of only 24 people to have flown to the Moon. Having flown on Apollo 13, Haise was to be the sixth human to walk on the Moon, but the mission did not land due to a failure aboard the spacecraft.-Early life and...
, who confirmed that he had been in Sudbury to study rock formations.
Regreening
The construction of the Inco SuperstackInco Superstack
The mine at the Inco Superstack is the source for 100% of the nickel used to make the batteries for Toyota's Pruis.The Inco Superstack in Sudbury, Ontario, with a height of , is the tallest chimney in Canada and the Western hemisphere, and the second tallest freestanding chimney in the world after...
in 1972 dispersed sulfuric acid over a much wider area, reducing the acidity of local precipitation and enabling the city to begin an environmental recovery program. In the late 1970s, private, public, and commercial interests combined to establish an unprecedented "regreening" effort. Lime
Calcium oxide
Calcium oxide , commonly known as quicklime or burnt lime, is a widely used chemical compound. It is a white, caustic, alkaline crystalline solid at room temperature....
was spread over the charred soil of the Sudbury region by hand and by aircraft. Seeds of wild grasses
Poaceae
The Poaceae is a large and nearly ubiquitous family of flowering plants. Members of this family are commonly called grasses, although the term "grass" is also applied to plants that are not in the Poaceae lineage, including the rushes and sedges...
and other vegetation were also spread. As of 2010, 9.2 million new trees have been planted in the city. More recently, the city has begun to rehabilitate the slag heap
Slag heap
A spoil tip is a pile built of accumulated spoil - the overburden removed during coal and ore mining. These waste materials are generally composed of shale, as well as smaller quantities of carboniferous sandstone and various other residues...
s that surround the Copper Cliff smelter area, with the planting of grass and trees.
Earth Summit
The United Nations Conference on Environment and Development , also known as the Rio Summit, Rio Conference, Earth Summit was a major United Nations conference held in Rio de Janeiro from 3 June to 14 June 1992.-Overview:...
. The award was given to honour the city's community–based environmental reclamation strategies. In 2007, Peter Mansbridge
Peter Mansbridge
Peter Mansbridge, OC , a Canadian broadcaster and news anchor, is the CBC News Chief Correspondent and anchor of The National, CBC Television's flagship nightly newscast. Mansbridge has received many awards and accolades for his journalistic work including an honorary doctorate from Mount Allison...
anchored an edition of the national news program The National from Sudbury, during a weeklong series profiling Canadian municipalities which had successfully implemented local environmental programs.
Stephen Monet, the manager of the city's environmental efforts, noted in early 2010 that the program had successfully rehabilitated 3,350 hectares of land in the city; however, he cautioned that the effort would need to continue or even be significantly expanded, as approximately 30,000 hectares of land have yet to be regreened.
The city's Nickel District Conservation Authority
Nickel District Conservation Authority
The Nickel District Conservation Authority is a conservation authority in Greater Sudbury, Ontario. Formed in 1973 by the merger of two former conservation authorities in the region, the Junction Creek Conservation Authority in Sudbury and the Whitson Valley Conservation Authority in Valley East,...
operates a large conservation area
Conservation area
A conservation areas is a tract of land that has been awarded protected status in order to ensure that natural features, cultural heritage or biota are safeguarded...
, the Lake Laurentian Conservation Area
Lake Laurentian Conservation Area
The Lake Laurentian Conservation Area is a conservation area in Greater Sudbury, Ontario. Extending from the southeastern shore of Lake Ramsey to the Southeast Bypass, the park incorporates a large green space, several lakes , a self-guided nature trail, wetland areas, hiking trails, bird watching...
, in the city's south end. Other unique environmental projects in the city include the Fielding Bird Sanctuary, a protected area along Highway 17 near Lively that provides a managed natural habitat for birds, and a hiking and nature trail near Coniston, which is named in honour of scientist Jane Goodall
Jane Goodall
Dame Jane Morris Goodall, DBE , is a British primatologist, ethologist, anthropologist, and UN Messenger of Peace. Considered to be the world's foremost expert on chimpanzees, Goodall is best known for her 45-year study of social and family interactions of wild chimpanzees in Gombe Stream National...
.
Seismic activity
Mining-related seismological activity is not uncommon in the region, although it rarely causes any significant damage. In the most notable such incident, the then-outlying community of Worthington was destroyed on October 4, 1927, when a rock shift caused part of the community to collapse into a mine shaft. No lives were lost in that incident, because a mine foreman had noticed the warning signs and successfully evacuated the community the previous evening. Similarly, on June 20, 1984, four miners at Falconbridge were killed in a rock burstRock burst
A rock burst is a spontaneous, violent fracture of rock that can occur in deep mines. The opening of a mine shaft relieves neighboring rocks of tremendous pressure, which can literally cause the rock to explode as it attempts to re-establish equilibrium...
which registered 3.4 on the Richter scale.
On November 29, 2006, the city was hit by a minor earthquake, which registered 4.1 on the Richter scale
Richter magnitude scale
The expression Richter magnitude scale refers to a number of ways to assign a single number to quantify the energy contained in an earthquake....
and had its epicentre approximately five kilometres west of Lively. It is believed that the movement began on the 7200 level of Creighton Mine
Creighton Mine
Creighton Mine is an underground nickel mine, owned and operated by Vale Inco Limited in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada...
, as ground stress worked its way through upper and lower levels along what is called the Creighton fault. No major damage was reported, although there were reports of the quake being felt as far away as Toronto. Seismologists confirmed in early December that the quake was most likely related to mining activity in the region.
Similarly, a tremor on September 11, 2008 which registered 3.0 on the Richter scale followed a planned blast at the city's North Mine. Small earthquakes were also reported on March 13 and September 20, 2005.
Climate
Greater Sudbury’s climate is humid continental (Koppen climate classificationKöppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...
Dfb). This region has warm and often hot summers with long, cold winters. Monthly precipitation is equal year round with snow cover expected 6 months of the year.
Demographics
Greater Sudbury is the most populous municipality and Census Metropolitan Area in Northern OntarioNorthern Ontario
Northern Ontario is a region of the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north of Lake Huron , the French River and Lake Nipissing. The region has a land area of 802,000 km2 and constitutes 87% of the land area of Ontario, although it contains only about 6% of the population...
. In the 2006 census, the city's population increased to 157,857, a growth of 1.7 per cent over 2001. Of that population, 106,612 lived in the city's urban core, while the remaining 51,245 lived in suburban or rural communities within the city limits. The median age is 41.1 years, slightly higher than the provincial average of 39.0 years.
Sudbury is a bilingual city with a large francophone
Francophone
The adjective francophone means French-speaking, typically as primary language, whether referring to individuals, groups, or places. Often, the word is used as a noun to describe a natively French-speaking person....
population. Some 80.1% of the population speak English as their first language followed by French at 16.3% which is higher than the Ontario average of 2.4%. According to the 2001 census, the residents of Greater Sudbury are predominantly Christian. Almost 90 percent of the population claims adherence to Christian denominations including: Roman Catholic (64.6%), Protestant (23.1%), and other Christian groups (1.6%). Those with no religious affiliation accounted 9.9% of the population. Other religions such as Islam, Judaism, and Hinduism
Hinduism
Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. Hinduism is known to its followers as , amongst many other expressions...
constitute less than one per cent of the population. According to the 2006 Census, Greater Sudbury is 91.8% White, 6.1% Aboriginal, and 2.1% Visible Minorities.
The Census Metropolitan Area of Greater Sudbury consists of Greater Sudbury municipality (population 157,857) and the independent Wahnapitae First Nation
Wahnapitae First Nation
The Wahnapitae First Nation is an Ojibwa First Nation in the Canadian province of Ontario, who primarily reside on the Wahnapitae 11 reserve on the northwestern shore of Lake Wanapitei. The First Nation is a signatory to the Robinson-Huron Treaty of 1850 as the Tahgaiwenene's Band...
reserve enclave (population 52) and Whitefish Lake
Whitefish Lake 6, Ontario
Whitefish Lake 6 is a reserve in Ontario, Canada. It is inhabited by the Ojibwa Whitefish Lake First Nation.It is immediately south of the community of Naughton in Greater Sudbury, and is considered part of Greater Sudbury's Census Metropolitan Area...
(population 349).
EWLINE
|
> | |
| Ethnic origin | Population | Percent |
|---|---|---|
| German Germans The Germans are a Germanic ethnic group native to Central Europe. The English term Germans has referred to the German-speaking population of the Holy Roman Empire since the Late Middle Ages.... |
12,140 | 7.8 |
| North American Indian First Nations First Nations is a term that collectively refers to various Aboriginal peoples in Canada who are neither Inuit nor Métis. There are currently over 630 recognised First Nations governments or bands spread across Canada, roughly half of which are in the provinces of Ontario and British Columbia. The... |
8,160 | 5.2 |
| Ukrainian | 7,590 | 4.9 |
| Finnish | 7,275 | 4.7 |
| Métis Métis people (Canada) The Métis are one of the Aboriginal peoples in Canada who trace their descent to mixed First Nations parentage. The term was historically a catch-all describing the offspring of any such union, but within generations the culture syncretised into what is today a distinct aboriginal group, with... |
6,315 | 4.0 |
| Polish | 4,750 | 3.0 |
Economy
After a brief period as a lumber camp, Sudbury’s economy was dominated by the mining industry for much of the 20th century. Rich deposits of nickel sulphideMillerite
Millerite is a nickel sulfide mineral, NiS. It is brassy in colour and has an acicular habit, often forming radiating masses and furry aggregates...
ore were discovered in the Sudbury Basin
Sudbury Basin
The Sudbury Basin, also known as Sudbury Structure or the Sudbury Nickel Irruptive, is a major geologic structure in Ontario, Canada. It is the second-largest known impact crater or astrobleme on Earth, as well as one of the oldest....
geological formation. Two major mining companies were created, Inco in 1902 and Falconbridge
Falconbridge Ltd.
Falconbridge Limited was a Toronto, Ontario-based natural resources company with operations in 18 countries, involved in the exploration, mining, processing, and marketing of metal and mineral products, including nickel, copper, cobalt, and platinum. It was listed on the TSX and NYSE , and had...
in 1928. They became two of the city’s major employers and two of the world's leading producers of nickel. By the 1970s, Inco employed a quarter of the local workforce. Mining has since decreased in importance and Sudbury’s economy has diversified significantly to establish itself as a major centre of finance, business, tourism, health care, education, government, and science and technology research. Many of these reflect Sudbury’s position as a regional service centre for Northereastern Ontario.
In 2006, Inco and Falconbridge were taken over by foreign multinational corporations: Inco was acquired by the Brazilian company Vale, and Falconbridge was purchased by the Swiss company Xstrata
Xstrata
Xstrata plc is a global mining company headquartered in Zug, Switzerland and with its registered office in London, United Kingdom. It is a major producer of coal , copper, nickel, primary vanadium and zinc and the world's largest producer of ferrochrome...
. Vale now employs less than 5 per cent of the workforce. By 2006, 80% of Greater Sudbury's labour force was employed in services with 20% remaining in manufacturing.
Over 345 mining supply and service companies are located in Sudbury. This includes a number of public and private firms pursuing research and development in new mining technologies such as Mining Innovation Rehabilitation and Applied Research Corporation
MIRARCO
Mining Innovation Rehabilitation and Applied Research Corporation, or MIRARCO, is the "largest not-for-profit applied research firm in North America." MIRARCO is made up of three primary divisions: CEM, GRC, and EVO....
(MIRARCO), the Northern Centre for Advanced Technology (NORCAT), and the Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation
Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation
The Centre for Excellence in Mining Innovation is a mining industry research initiative, collaboratively funded by the private sector and government. CEMI was established in 2007, as a not for profit corporation. CEMI's focused research is in hardrock underground mining. Dr. Peter K...
(CEMI).
The top employers in Sudbury as of November 2010 include:
| Company / Organization | # of Employees | Sector |
| Vale | 4,000 | Mining |
| Health Sciences North | 3,700 | Health Services |
| Sudbury Tax Services Office | 2,800 | Federal Government |
| City of Greater Sudbury | 2,166 | Municipal Government |
| Laurentian University Laurentian University Laurentian University , was incorporated on March 28, 1960, is a mid-sized bilingual university in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.... |
1,850 | Education |
| Rainbow District School Board Rainbow District School Board Rainbow District School Board is a school board in the Canadian province of Ontario. The school board is the school district administrator for English language public schools in Greater Sudbury, the southern Sudbury District and the Manitoulin District, with a total enrollment of 16,985 students as... |
1,606 | Education |
| Ontario Ministries and Agencies | 1,500 | Ontario Government |
| Conseil scolaire de district catholique du Nouvel-Ontario Conseil scolaire de district catholique du Nouvel-Ontario The Conseil scolaire catholique du Nouvel-Ontario is a school board in the Canadian province of Ontario. The board is the school district administrator for French language Roman Catholic separate schools in the city of Greater Sudbury and the districts of Sudbury, Manitoulin and Algoma.-Secondary:*... |
1,443 | Education |
| Xstrata Xstrata Xstrata plc is a global mining company headquartered in Zug, Switzerland and with its registered office in London, United Kingdom. It is a major producer of coal , copper, nickel, primary vanadium and zinc and the world's largest producer of ferrochrome... |
1,139 | Mining |
Retail
With retail businesses in the city moving outside of the downtown core, the city has struggled in recent years to maintain a vibrant downtown. Recent projects have included the creation of Market Square, a farmer's and craft market; the redevelopment of the Rainbow Centre Mall; streetscape beautification projects; and the creation of the Downtown Village Development Corporation, a not-fot-profit organization dedicated to business attraction and downtown residential development. Sudbury is one of the few cities remaining in Ontario where retail stores are still not legally permitted to open on Boxing DayBoxing Day
Boxing Day is a bank or public holiday that occurs on 26 December, or the first or second weekday after Christmas Day, depending on national or regional laws. It is observed in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom and some other Commonwealth nations. In Ireland, it is recognized as...
, December 26. Instead, stores in Sudbury begin their post-Christmas Boxing Day sales on December 27.
Science and technology
The Creighton Mine site in Sudbury is home to the Sudbury Neutrino ObservatorySudbury Neutrino Observatory
The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory is a neutrino observatory located 6,800 feet underground in Vale Inco's Creighton Mine in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The detector was designed to detect solar neutrinos through their interactions with a large tank of heavy water. The detector turned on in May 1999,...
, the lowest background radiation particle detector in the world. Although the original experiments have now concluded, the underground laboratory has been enlarged and continues to operate other experiments at SNOLAB
Snolab
SNOLAB is a Canadian underground physics laboratory at a depth of 2 km in Sudbury, Ontario in Vale's Creighton nickel mine. The original Sudbury Neutrino Observatory experiment has ended, but the facilities have been expanded into a permanent underground laboratory.SNOLAB is the world's...
. SNOLAB will be the world's deepest underground lab facility; the deeper Kolar Gold Fields experiments
Particle experiments at Kolar Gold Fields
The Kolar Gold Fields , located in the Kolar district of the state of Karnataka, India, are a set of defunct gold mines known for the neutrino particle experiments and observations that took place here starting in 1960...
ended with the closing of the mine in 1992, and the planned DUSEL laboratory is not expected to begin construction before 2012. The SNO equipment itself is currently being refurbished for use in the SNO+
SNO+
SNO+ is an underground physics experiment under construction that makes use of the equipment already installed underground for the former Sudbury Neutrino Observatory experiment at SNOLAB...
experiment.
Arts and theatre
The city is home to two art galleriesArt gallery
An art gallery or art museum is a building or space for the exhibition of art, usually visual art.Museums can be public or private, but what distinguishes a museum is the ownership of a collection...
— the Art Gallery of Sudbury
Art Gallery of Sudbury
The Art Gallery of Sudbury is an art gallery in Sudbury, Ontario.Established in 1967 by the city's chamber of commerce, the gallery is located in the historic arts and crafts movement Belrock Mansion of William J. Bell, an early lumber baron in the city and philanthropist...
and La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario
La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario
La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario is an art gallery in Sudbury, Ontario,Originally launched in 1974 by artists associated with the Cooperative des artistes du Nouvel-Ontario, the gallery was first established as part of La Slague, a local Franco-Ontarian community centre...
. Both are dedicated primarily to Canadian art, especially artists from Northern Ontario. The Art Gallery of Sudbury is in the planning stages of a new 14000 square feet (1,300.6 m²) purpose-built facility downtown, which will be named the Franklin Carmichael
Franklin Carmichael
Franklin Carmichael was a Canadian artist. He was the youngest original member of the Group of Seven.-Biography:The youngest of the Group of Seven, Franklin Carmichael was born in 1890. His father was a carriage maker...
Art Gallery, after the Group of Seven
Group of Seven (artists)
The Group of Seven, sometimes known as the Algonquin school, were a group of Canadian landscape painters from 1920-1933, originally consisting of Franklin Carmichael , Lawren Harris , A. Y. Jackson , Franz Johnston , Arthur Lismer , J. E. H. MacDonald , and Frederick Varley...
artist.
The city's two professional theatre companies are the anglophone Sudbury Theatre Centre
Sudbury Theatre Centre
The Sudbury Theatre Centre is a professional theatre company, located in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.Following an Ontario government report in 1967 which recommended the creation of a theatre company in Sudbury, local arts patrons Sonja Dunn, Carolyn Fouriezos, Bill Hart, Bob Remnant and Peg Roberts...
(STC) and the francophone Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario
Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario
Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario is a Canadian professional theatre company. Located in Sudbury, Ontario, the company produces French language stage productions from this city for its community, for Ontario, for Canada and overseas too....
(TNO). The STC has its own theatre venue downtown, while the TNO stages its productions at La salle André Paiement
André Paiement
André Paiement was a Canadian playwright and musician. He was one of the most prominent Franco-Ontarian artists, playing a key role in developing many of the cultural institutions of the community....
, a venue located on the campus of Collège Boréal
Collège Boréal
Collège Boréal is a francophone College of Applied Arts and Technology based and with its principal campus in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The college also has satellite campuses in Hearst, Kapuskasing, Timmins, Temiskaming Shores, Toronto and West Nipissing, as well as a network of access centres...
. Theatre productions are also staged by students at Laurentian University
Laurentian University
Laurentian University , was incorporated on March 28, 1960, is a mid-sized bilingual university in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada....
's affiliated Thornloe
Thorneloe University
Thorneloe University is a federated school of Laurentian University in Sudbury, Ontario. Affiliated with the Anglican Church of Canada, the university offers programs in fine arts , religious studies, classical studies, women's studies and theatre arts...
faculty, by a community theatre company at Cambrian College
Cambrian College
Cambrian College is a college of applied arts and technology in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1967, and funded by the province of Ontario, Cambrian has campuses in Sudbury, Espanola and Little Current....
, as well as by high school drama students at Sudbury Secondary School
Sudbury Secondary School
Sudbury Secondary School is a high school in the downtown of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, well known for its Arts Education Program, featuring theatre arts, dance, vocal music, instrumental music, keyboard, media arts and visual art...
, Lo-Ellen Park Secondary School
Lo-Ellen Park Secondary School
Lo-Ellen Park Secondary School is a high school located on Loach's Road in the South End of Greater Sudbury, Ontario. It is administered by the Rainbow District School Board, and the current principal is Craig Runciman.-Academics:...
and École secondaire MacDonald-Cartier
École secondaire Macdonald-Cartier
École secondaire Macdonald-Cartier, in Sudbury, Ontario, opened its doors in 1969. École secondaire Macdonald-Cartier was the first public high school French language in Ontario to offer free education to all young francophones. The school was named after two of the fathers of the Canadian...
with its troupe Les Draveurs.
An annual film festival, Cinéfest
Cinéfest
Cinéfest Sudbury International Film Festival, also known as Cinéfest is an annual film festival in Sudbury, Ontario. It is the fourth largest film festival in Canada....
, is also held in the city each September.
Music
Sudbury’s most successful artists, such as Robert PaquetteRobert Paquette
Robert Paquette is a Canadian folk singer-songwriter.In 1970, he worked with the theatre group at Laurentian University, composing songs for the franco-ontarian stage musical Moé, j'viens du nord, 'stie!. The troupe eventually evolved into the city's Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario...
, Kate Maki
Kate Maki
-Biography:Born and raised in Sudbury, Ontario, Maki studied neuroscience at Dalhousie University in Halifax, Nova Scotia and education at Nipissing University in North Bay, Ontario...
, Nathan Lawr
Nathan Lawr
Nathan Lawr is a Canadian singer-songwriter, currently fronting the band Minotaurs.The original drummer for Royal City, Lawr left the band in 2002 to pursue a solo career...
, Gil Grand
Gil Grand
Gil Grand is a country music singer, best known for his hit "Famous First Words." Active since 1998, he has released three studio albums to date: 1998's Famous First Words, 2002's Burnin′ and 2006's Somebody's Someone...
, Kevin Closs
Kevin Closs
Kevin Closs is a Canadian singer-songwriter from Manitowaning, Ontario. Born in Sault Ste. Marie in 1963, Closs was raised on Manitoulin Island, and currently lives in Onaping Falls. An independent recording artist since 1987, he works both as a solo performer and with his rock band The Nobs.Closs...
, CANO
CANO
CANO were a Canadian progressive rock band in the 1970s and 1980s. They were the most popular and internationally successful musical group in Franco-Ontarian history.-Origins:...
, Jake Mathews
Jake Mathews
Jake Mathews is a country music singer, songwriter and performer.-Career:Jake's self-titled debut CD garnered six nationally charted hits: "I’ll Do You One Better," "Try Again Tomorrow," "That’s How Long," "Rush," "I’m Gone" and "There Ain’t No Such Thing."His second CD, Time After Time,...
, Loma Lyns
Loma Lyns
Loma Lynn Mathias, known professionally as Loma Lyns, is a Canadian country music singer-songwriter and television personality. Her single "Red Handed" was a Top 40 hit on the Canadian country charts in 1990, and her single "Countin' on You This Time" was a Top 40 hit in Europe...
, Alex J. Robinson
Alex J. Robinson
Alex J. Robinson is a female country music singer/songwriter.-History:In 2008, Alex J. Robinson issued her debut album, Never Say Never. The album contained her debut single, "Breakin' on the Love Thing", which peaked at #21 on the Radio and Records Canadian country chart. Her second album, The...
and Chuck Labelle
Chuck Labelle
Jean-Guy Labelle is a Canadian singer-songwriter, who is one of the most prominent Canadian performers of francophone country music. His 1999 album Le Cowboy, released in both French and English versions, reached #1 on the European country music charts that year.A franco-Ontarian from Mattawa,...
, have predominantly been in the country, folk and country-rock genres. Another notable Canadian country rock band, Ox
Ox (band)
Ox is a Canadian alternative country indie band. The core of the band consists of Mark Browning on lead vocals and guitar, Ryan Bishops on guitar and piano, Shawn Dicey on bass and Max Myth on drums...
, was launched in Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It is the hub of Greater Vancouver, which, with over 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country,...
by two musicians from Sudbury, Ryan Bishops
Ryan Bishops
Ryan Bishops is a Canadian rock and country guitarist and songwriter from Sudbury, Ontario, who plays as a supporting musician in Ox and in singer-songwriter Kate Maki's backing band....
and Mark Browning
Mark Browning (musician)
Mark Browning is a Canadian singer/songwriter and musician known for founding the band Ox. He was born in Sudbury where the band is based. As Ox he has performed with artists such as Sarah Harmer, The Be Good Tanyas, Jason Molina, Chad Vangaalen and Julie Doiron among others.He is also the founder...
, although the band has more recently moved back to Sudbury. The rap metal
Rap metal
Rap metal is a subgenre of rap rock which fuses vocal and instrumental elements of hip hop music with heavy metal.-History:Rap metal originated from rap rock, a genre fusing vocal and instrumental elements of hip hop with rock...
bands Project Wyze
Project Wyze
Project Wyze was a Canadian rap rock band active from 1996 before breaking up in 2003 to pursue their side-project Dead Celebrity Status.-History:...
and Konflit dramatiK have also had some success.
Sudbury has lacked a midsized performing arts centre since the demise of the Grand Theatre in the 1990s. High-profile musicians play at the Sudbury Community Arena. Bell Park
Bell Park (Sudbury)
Bell Park is a large municipal park in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, located on the western shore of Lake Ramsey.The park is named for William J. Bell, an early lumber baron in the city whose former mansion is also the site of the Art Gallery of Sudbury. The park site is part of his former...
's outdoor Grace Hartman Amphitheatre and Laurentian University
Laurentian University
Laurentian University , was incorporated on March 28, 1960, is a mid-sized bilingual university in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada....
's Fraser Auditorium are sometimes used for summer bookings, although neither is available year-round. Smaller touring indie rock
Indie rock
Indie rock is a genre of alternative rock that originated in the United Kingdom and the United States in the 1980s. Indie rock is extremely diverse, with sub-genres that include lo-fi, post-rock, math rock, indie pop, dream pop, noise rock, space rock, sadcore, riot grrrl and emo, among others...
bands, as well as some local musicians, are usually booked at The Townehouse Tavern, while local bands play a number of small music venues across the city.
The city is also home to annual music festivals including Sudbury Summerfest
Sudbury Summerfest
Summerfest is an annual music and entertainment festival in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Held in the city's Bell Park on the shore of Lake Ramsey, the festival takes place in August of each year....
, the Northern Lights Festival Boréal
Northern Lights Festival Boréal
Northern Lights Festival Boréal is an annual folk festival in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. It is Canada's oldest music festival, in continuous operation since 1972...
and La Nuit sur l'étang
La Nuit sur l'étang
La Nuit sur l'étang is a Canadian music festival, held annually in Sudbury, Ontario.Established in 1973 by Fernand Dorais and a group of students from Laurentian University, the festival presents a concert program of francophone musical artists over a night...
. The local Sudbury Symphony Orchestra
Sudbury Symphony Orchestra
The Sudbury Symphony Orchestra is a symphony orchestra which makes its home in the Canadian city of Sudbury, Ontario.Incorporated in 1975, the orchestra is a not-for-profit registered charity which performs an annual six-concert series at Laurentian University's Fraser Auditorium.-History:The...
performs six annual concerts of classical music, staged at the Glad Tidings Tabernacle since Greater Sudbury still lacks a proper concert hall.
Sudbury in art and literature
Notable works of fiction set primarily or partially in Sudbury or its former suburbs include Paul QuarringtonPaul Quarrington
Paul Lewis Quarrington was a Canadian novelist, playwright, screenwriter, filmmaker, musician and educator.-Background:...
's novel Logan in Overtime, Robert J. Sawyer
Robert J. Sawyer
Robert James Sawyer is a Canadian science fiction writer. He has had 20 novels published, and his short fiction has appeared in Analog Science Fiction and Fact, Amazing Stories, On Spec, Nature, and many anthologies. Sawyer has won over forty awards for his fiction, including the Nebula Award ,...
's Neanderthal Parallax trilogy, Alistair MacLeod
Alistair MacLeod
Alistair MacLeod, OC is a noted Canadian author and retired professor of English at the University of Windsor.- Academic career :...
's novel No Great Mischief
No Great Mischief
No Great Mischief is a 1999 novel by Alistair MacLeod.The novel opens in the present day, with successful orthodontist Alexander MacDonald visiting his elderly older brother Calum in Toronto, Ontario...
, and Jean-Marc Dalpé
Jean-Marc Dalpé
Jean Marc Dalpé is a Canadian playwright and poet. He is one of the most important figures in Franco-Ontarian literature....
's play 1932, la ville du nickel and his short story collection Contes sudburois. The city is also fictionalized as "Chinookville" in several books by American comedy writer Jack Douglas
Jack Douglas (writer)
Jack Douglas was an American comedy writer who wrote for radio, television and a series of humor books, beginning with the bestselling My Brother Was an Only Child .-Radio:...
.
One of Stompin' Tom Connors
Stompin' Tom Connors
Charles Thomas "Stompin' Tom" Connors, OC is one of Canada's most prolific and well-known country and folk singers.He lives in Wellington County, Ontario.- Early life :...
' most famous songs, "Sudbury Saturday Night
Sudbury Saturday Night
"Sudbury Saturday Night" is one of the most famous songs by Stompin' Tom Connors, which depicts the hard-drinking, hard-partying social life of hard rock miners in the Northern Ontario mining city of Sudbury....
", is inspired by the city and its hard rock mining image. Quebec musician Mononc' Serge
Serge Robert
Mononc' Serge is a Quebec musician who sings in French. He is best known for his exceedingly vulgar lyrics and his irreverent songs making fun of local celebrities and politicians...
also wrote a song about the city, titled "Sudbury", on his 2001 album Mon voyage au Canada.
Artist A. Y. Jackson
A. Y. Jackson
Alexander Young Jackson, was a Canadian painter and a founding member of the Group of Seven.- Early life and training :...
's 1953 painting "Spring on the Onaping River" depicts a waterfall on the Onaping River between Dowling and Onaping. A scenic lookout on Highway 144 enables a view of the waterfall. The painting itself hung at Sudbury Secondary School
Sudbury Secondary School
Sudbury Secondary School is a high school in the downtown of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, well known for its Arts Education Program, featuring theatre arts, dance, vocal music, instrumental music, keyboard, media arts and visual art...
from 1955 to 1974, when it was stolen from the school grounds shortly after Jackson's death and has not been recovered.
Film and television production
Few films and television programs have been set in Sudbury. One exception is Bruce McDonald's 1987 film Roadkill which was filmed and set partly in Sudbury. Ontario's French language public broadcaster, TFOTFO
TFO is a Canadian French language educational public television network in the province of Ontario. It is the only French-language television network in Canada whose operations are based entirely outside of Quebec....
, produced the set comedy series Météo+
Météo+
Météo+ is a Canadian television sitcom which began airing on TFO, the French language public broadcaster in Ontario, on February 14, 2008.-Overview:...
in Sudbury, which was co-written by Robert Marinier, an alumnus of the local high school École Secondaire Macdonald-Cartier.
Sudbury is home to several film and television production companies. March Entertainment
March Entertainment
March Entertainment is a Canadian producer of digital animated entertainment for television and the World Wide Web. The company's properties include the television series Chilly Beach, Maple Shorts, Yam Roll and Dex Hamilton....
's studio in Sudbury has produced a number of animated television series, including Chilly Beach
Chilly Beach
Chilly Beach is a Canadian animated series, which airs on CBC Television in Canada and The Comedy Channel in Australia. The series is a comedic depiction of life in the fictional Canadian town of Chilly Beach, described by the producers as "a bunch of Canadians doing the stuff that Canadians do,...
, Maple Shorts
Maple Shorts
Maple Shorts is a children's television show produced by March Entertainment, producers of the TV show, Chilly Beach. Maple Shorts debuted in April 2005 and airs on the CBC Television....
, Yam Roll
Yam Roll
Yam Roll is a Canadian animated television series created by Jono Howard and Jon Izen airing on CBC Television in Canada, produced by March Entertainment. The series was first broadcast on February 6, 2006...
and Dex Hamilton: Alien Entomologist
Dex Hamilton: Alien Entomologist
Dex Hamilton: Alien Entomologist is a children's animated television program that is an international co-production between March Entertainment and SLR Productions in Canada and Australia. The series first screened on Network Ten in 2008 and is designed for kids aged 6 and older...
. Inner City Films, a film and television production company owned by Sudbury native Robert Adetuyi
Robert Adetuyi
Robert Adetuyi is a Canadian screenwriter and film director. A graduate of York University, where he studied communications and sociology, he moved to Hollywood in 1992....
and his brothers Tom, Amos, and Alfons, established a production office in Sudbury. The forthcoming film High Chicago, starring Colin Salmon
Colin Salmon
Colin Salmon is a British actor best known for playing the character Charles Robinson in three James Bond films.-Personal life:...
, began production in Sudbury in 2010. In 2008, award winning indie filmmaker and Sudbury native B. P. Paquette
B. P. Paquette
Benjamin Patrick Paquette , is a Canadian film director, screenwriter, producer and academic.-Background:Born in London, Ontario, Paquette spent his childhood and adolescence in Greater Sudbury, Ontario. He graduated from Concordia University’s Mel Hoppenheim School of Cinema in Montreal, Quebec,...
and film producer Jason Ross Jallet
Jason Ross Jallet
Jason Ross Jallet is a Canadian film producer, and entrepreneur.-Producing:Since 2005, Jallet co-manages all affairs artistic and business at Ourson Films, which he joined the year previous as a producer’s rep for the international award winning film A Year in the Death of Jack Richards...
founded their production-distribution company, Nortario Films, in Sudbury. In 2011, they partnered with local business entrepreneur Gerry Paquette to establish the not-for-profit company Northern Ontario Motion Picture Culture and Industry Development Corporation (NOMPCIDC), whose mandate is to develop and promote the film & television industry in Northern Ontario
Northern Ontario
Northern Ontario is a region of the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north of Lake Huron , the French River and Lake Nipissing. The region has a land area of 802,000 km2 and constitutes 87% of the land area of Ontario, although it contains only about 6% of the population...
. In the spring of 2010, Les Productions R. Charbonneau (the company responsible for bringing Météo+ to Sudbury with the same writi) announced it would be producing three seasons of a new show in Sudbury written by the same team as Météo+, Les Bleus de Ramville
Les Bleus de Ramville
Les Bleus de Ramville is a Canadian television series, currently in production and slated to premiere on TFO in 2012.Set in the fictional town of Ramville near North Bay, Ontario, the series focuses on Gordie, Julie, Maureen and Christian, four members of the fan club for the town's senior hockey...
, about hockey fans in the fictional small town of Ramville. Sudbury is also home to the Science North Production Team
Science North Production Team
The Science North production team is an award winning group that produces object theatres, multi-media presentations and large format film productions for Science Museums and Educational Facilities around North America...
, an award-winning producer of documentary films and multimedia presentations for museums.
Franco-Ontarian community
Approximately 40 percent of the city's population is Franco-OntarianFranco-Ontarian
Franco-Ontarians are French Canadian or francophone residents of the Canadian province of Ontario. They are sometimes known as "Ontarois"....
, particularly in the former municipalities of Valley East and Rayside-Balfour and historically in the Moulin-à-Fleur neighbourhood within the boundaries of the original city of Sudbury. The city has the largest proportion of francophones of any major city in Ontario. Sudbury also has the second largest francophone community of any city in English Canada behind only Ottawa
Ottawa
Ottawa is the capital of Canada, the second largest city in the Province of Ontario, and the fourth largest city in the country. The city is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario...
. The French culture is celebrated with the Franco-Ontarian flag
Franco-Ontarian flag
The Franco-Ontarian flag consists of two bands of green and white. The left portion has a solid light green background with a white fleur-de-lys in the middle, while the right portion has a solid white background with a stylized green trillium in the middle. The green represents the summer months,...
which was created in 1975 by a group of teachers at Laurentian University
Laurentian University
Laurentian University , was incorporated on March 28, 1960, is a mid-sized bilingual university in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada....
and after some controversy has flown at Tom Davies Square
Tom Davies Square
Tom Davies Square is the city hall of Greater Sudbury, Ontario.Built in the 1970s and formerly known as Civic Square, the building was part of an urban renewal movement toward transforming the city's visual image by investing in more distinctive and modern architecture...
since 2006. The flag has been recognized by the province as an official emblem.
Sudbury is a very important centre in Franco-Ontarian cultural history, and the francophone community of Sudbury has played a central role in developing and maintaining many of the cultural institutions. Those institutions include the Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario
Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario
Théâtre du Nouvel-Ontario is a Canadian professional theatre company. Located in Sudbury, Ontario, the company produces French language stage productions from this city for its community, for Ontario, for Canada and overseas too....
, La Nuit sur l'étang
La Nuit sur l'étang
La Nuit sur l'étang is a Canadian music festival, held annually in Sudbury, Ontario.Established in 1973 by Fernand Dorais and a group of students from Laurentian University, the festival presents a concert program of francophone musical artists over a night...
, La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario
La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario
La Galerie du Nouvel-Ontario is an art gallery in Sudbury, Ontario,Originally launched in 1974 by artists associated with the Cooperative des artistes du Nouvel-Ontario, the gallery was first established as part of La Slague, a local Franco-Ontarian community centre...
, Le Centre franco-ontarien de folklore and the Prise de parole
Prise de parole
Prise de parole is a Canadian book publishing company.Located in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, the company publishes Franco-Ontarian literature...
publishing company. In July 2011, Sudbury was host to les Jeux de la francophonie canadienne.
LGBT community
The city first held its Sudbury PrideSudbury Pride
Sudbury Pride is an annual LGBT pride parade and festival, held in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.Held for the first time in 1997, the event was originally organized by a committee that included sociologist Gary Kinsman. Originally held in August of each year, the event has been held in July...
parade in 1997. The annual event takes place in summer. Zig's, the city's prominent gay business, is the only gay bar in Northern Ontario. Early gay venues in the city included the now-demolished Nickel Range Hotel in the 1960s, the Peter Piper Inn in the 1970s and the now-demolished Frontenac Hotel in the 1970s and 1980s, before the city's first standalone gay bar, R Place on Lasalle Boulevard, opened in the late 1980s. D-Bar, a new downtown venue, opened in 1992, and was active until Zig's opened in 1997, in the now-demolished Empress Building, and re-opened in another location nearby.
Attractions
Science North
Science North is an interactive science museum in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.The complex, which is Northern Ontario's most popular tourist attraction, consists of two snowflake-shaped buildings on the southwestern shore of Lake Ramsey, just south of the city's downtown core, as well as a...
is an interactive science museum
Science museum
A science museum or a science centre is a museum devoted primarily to science. Older science museums tended to concentrate on static displays of objects related to natural history, paleontology, geology, industry and industrial machinery, etc. Modern trends in museology have broadened the range of...
and Northern Ontario
Northern Ontario
Northern Ontario is a region of the Canadian province of Ontario which lies north of Lake Huron , the French River and Lake Nipissing. The region has a land area of 802,000 km2 and constitutes 87% of the land area of Ontario, although it contains only about 6% of the population...
's most popular tourist attraction. It consists of two snowflake–shaped buildings on the southwestern shore of Lake Ramsey
Lake Ramsey
Lake Ramsey is a lake in Sudbury, Ontario, located near the city's downtown core. Until 2001, Lake Ramsey was listed by the Guinness Book of World Records as the world's largest lake located entirely within the boundaries of a single city, but when the Regional Municipality of Sudbury was...
and just south of the city's downtown core. There is also a former ice hockey
Ice hockey
Ice hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
arena on–site, which includes the complex's entrance and an IMAX
IMAX
IMAX is a motion picture film format and a set of proprietary cinema projection standards created by the Canadian company IMAX Corporation. IMAX has the capacity to record and display images of far greater size and resolution than conventional film systems...
theatre. The snowflake buildings are connected by a rock tunnel, which passes through a billion-year-old geologic fault
Geologic fault
In geology, a fault is a planar fracture or discontinuity in a volume of rock, across which there has been significant displacement along the fractures as a result of earth movement. Large faults within the Earth's crust result from the action of tectonic forces...
.
Sudbury's mining heritage is reflected in another major tourist attraction, Dynamic Earth
Dynamic Earth
Dynamic Earth is an interactive science museum in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Owned and operated by Science North, Dynamic Earth is an earth sciences museum which builds on the city's mining heritage, focusing principally on geology and mining history exhibitions.The centre, which opened in...
. This interactive science museum focuses principally on geology and mining history exhibitions and is also home to the Big Nickel
Big Nickel
The Big Nickel is a nine-metre replica of a 1951 Canadian nickel, located at the grounds of Dynamic Earth in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada...
, one of Sudbury's most famous landmarks.
The Inco Superstack
Inco Superstack
The mine at the Inco Superstack is the source for 100% of the nickel used to make the batteries for Toyota's Pruis.The Inco Superstack in Sudbury, Ontario, with a height of , is the tallest chimney in Canada and the Western hemisphere, and the second tallest freestanding chimney in the world after...
is the tallest freestanding chimney
Chimney
A chimney is a structure for venting hot flue gases or smoke from a boiler, stove, furnace or fireplace to the outside atmosphere. Chimneys are typically vertical, or as near as possible to vertical, to ensure that the gases flow smoothly, drawing air into the combustion in what is known as the...
in the Western hemisphere, and the second tallest structure in Canada after the CN Tower
CN Tower
The CN Tower is a communications and observation tower in Downtown Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Standing tall, it was completed in 1976, becoming the world's tallest free-standing structure and world's tallest tower at the time. It held both records for 34 years until the completion of the Burj...
.
The city is also home to the Greater Sudbury Heritage Museums
Greater Sudbury Heritage Museums
The Greater Sudbury Heritage Museums are a network of four small community history museums in Greater Sudbury, Ontario. Three of the four are located on heritage properties in different neighbourhoods within the city, and the fourth is located in a library facility.-Anderson Farm Museum:The...
, a network of historical community museums, and a mining heritage monument overlooking the city's Bell Park
Bell Park (Sudbury)
Bell Park is a large municipal park in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, located on the western shore of Lake Ramsey.The park is named for William J. Bell, an early lumber baron in the city whose former mansion is also the site of the Art Gallery of Sudbury. The park site is part of his former...
.
In 2007, the city undertook a community project named the Bridge of Nations, which saw the downtown Paris Street bridge retrofitted with 82 flagpoles, each of which will permanently display the flag of a world nation demographically represented among the population of Sudbury.
Sports
The city is represented in ice hockeyIce hockey
Ice hockey, often referred to as hockey, is a team sport played on ice, in which skaters use wooden or composite sticks to shoot a hard rubber puck into their opponent's net. The game is played between two teams of six players each. Five members of each team skate up and down the ice trying to take...
by the Sudbury Wolves
Sudbury Wolves
The Sudbury Wolves are the name of the ice hockey team from Sudbury, Ontario. Sudbury has had a hockey team known as the "Wolves" nearly every year since World War I. The Sudbury Wolves, the senior men's AAA team, have twice been chosen to be Canada's representatives at the Ice Hockey World...
of the Ontario Hockey League
Ontario Hockey League
The Ontario Hockey League is one of the three Major Junior ice hockey leagues which constitute the Canadian Hockey League. The league is for players aged 15-20.The OHL also operates under the Ontario Hockey Federation of Hockey Canada....
who play at the Sudbury Community Arena. The Sudbury Spartans
Sudbury Spartans
The Sudbury Spartans are an amateur gridiron football team based in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario. Established in 1952, it is the longest, continuously-operating sports organization in Sudbury...
football club have played in the Northern Football Conference
Northern Football Conference
-Teams:-Defunct teams:...
since 1954.
Laurentian University is represented in the Canadian Interuniversity Sport
Canadian Interuniversity Sport
Canadian Interuniversity Sport is the national governing body of university sport in Canada, comprising the majority of degree granting universities in the country. Its equivalent body for organized sports at colleges in Canada is The Canadian Colleges Athletic Association...
league by the Laurentian Voyageurs and the Laurentian Lady Vees. Cambrian College is represented in the Canadian Colleges Athletic Association
Canadian Colleges Athletic Association
The Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association is the national governing body for organized sports at colleges in Canada. It was formed in 1974. The CCAA hosts nine annual national championships. The CCAA's name in French is l'Association canadienne du sport collégial .Its equivalent body for...
by the Cambrian Golden Shield, and Collège Boréal is represented by the Boréal Vipères. High school students compete in the Sudbury District Secondary School Athletic Association (SDSSAA), which is a division of Northern Ontario Secondary School Athletics (NOSSA).
The city is also home to a harness racing
Harness racing
Harness racing is a form of horse racing in which the horses race at a specific gait . They usually pull a two-wheeled cart called a sulky, although racing under saddle is also conducted in Europe.-Breeds:...
track, located in Azilda, called Sudbury Downs
Sudbury Downs
Sudbury Downs is a harness racing track located in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada, on Bonin Road between the communities of Azilda and Chelmsford...
. That facility, although not a full casino
Casino
In modern English, a casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities. Casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions...
, also has slot machine
Slot machine
A slot machine , informally fruit machine , the slots , poker machine or "pokies" or simply slot is a casino gambling machine with three or more reels which spin when a button is pushed...
s.
The city hosted the IAAF World Junior Championships in Athletics
1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics
The 1988 World Junior Championships in Athletics is the 1988 version of the World Junior Championships in Athletics. It was held in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada from July 27 to July 31, 1988....
in 1988. Sudbury also played host to the Brier, Canada's annual men's curling
Curling
Curling is a sport in which players slide stones across a sheet of ice towards a target area. It is related to bowls, boule and shuffleboard. Two teams, each of four players, take turns sliding heavy, polished granite stones, also called "rocks", across the ice curling sheet towards the house, a...
championships, in 1953 and 1983, and to the 2001 Scott Tournament of Hearts
2001 Scott Tournament of Hearts
The 2001 Scott Tournament of Hearts Canadian women's national curling championship, was played at the Sudbury Community Arena in Sudbury, Ontario. The final pitted 1999 champions Colleen Jones and her Nova Scotia team against the defending champions Kelley Law who represented team Canada...
, the women's curling championship. Sudbury has also hosted the 2010 Ontario Summer Games.
Sudbury has many trails that are used year round. The Sudbury Trail Plan grooms almost 1,200 km of trails for snowmobile
Snowmobile
A snowmobile, also known in some places as a snowmachine, or sled,is a land vehicle for winter travel on snow. Designed to be operated on snow and ice, they require no road or trail. Design variations enable some machines to operate in deep snow or forests; most are used on open terrain, including...
s in the winter. Twenty-three kilometres of diverse hiking, biking, and jogging trails are found in the Lake Laurentian Conservation Area
Lake Laurentian Conservation Area
The Lake Laurentian Conservation Area is a conservation area in Greater Sudbury, Ontario. Extending from the southeastern shore of Lake Ramsey to the Southeast Bypass, the park incorporates a large green space, several lakes , a self-guided nature trail, wetland areas, hiking trails, bird watching...
near downtown. Other trails link Sudbury to areas outside of the city including the Trans Canada Trail
Trans Canada Trail
The Trans Canada Trail is a proposed corridor in Canada. The creation of the trail was announced as part of Canada's 125th anniversary celebrations in 1992. It is expected that when complete, it will be the longest recreational trail in the world...
, which passes through the city, and the Voyageur Hiking Trail
Voyageur Hiking Trail
The Voyageur Hiking Trail is a public hiking trail between Sudbury and Thunder Bay in Northern Ontario, Canada. The name honours the early European fur traders of the region who traveled largely by canoe and were known as 'voyageurs’ and ‘coureurs des bois’ The trail is used by all ages and levels...
.
Government
Tom Davies Square
Tom Davies Square is the city hall of Greater Sudbury, Ontario.Built in the 1970s and formerly known as Civic Square, the building was part of an urban renewal movement toward transforming the city's visual image by investing in more distinctive and modern architecture...
, the city is headed by 12 council
Greater Sudbury City Council
Greater Sudbury City Council is the governing body of the City of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.The council consists of the mayor plus a twelve-person council. The city is divided into twelve wards; each ward is represented by one councillor...
members and one mayor both elected every four years. The current mayor of Greater Sudbury is Marianne Matichuk
Marianne Matichuk
Marianne Matichuk is a Canadian politician, who was elected mayor of Greater Sudbury, Ontario in the 2010 municipal election.She is the city's first elected female mayor, although Grace Hartman was previously appointed mayor following the death of Max Silverman in 1966.-Campaign:An occupational...
, who defeated John Rodriguez
John Rodriguez
John R. Rodriguez is a Canadian politician. He served as the mayor of Greater Sudbury, Ontario from 2006 to 2010, and previously represented the electoral district of Nickel Belt in the Canadian House of Commons from 1972 to 1980 and from 1984 to 1993 as a member of the New Democratic...
in the 2010 municipal election
Greater Sudbury municipal election, 2010
The 2010 Greater Sudbury municipal election was held on October 25, 2010 to elect a mayor and 12 city councillors in Greater Sudbury, Ontario. In addition, school trustees were elected to the Rainbow District School Board, Sudbury Catholic District School Board, Conseil scolaire de district du...
. The 2011 operating budget for Greater Sudbury was C$471 million, and the city employs 2006 full time workers.
The city is represented federally by New Democratic Party
New Democratic Party
The New Democratic Party , commonly referred to as the NDP, is a federal social-democratic political party in Canada. The interim leader of the NDP is Nycole Turmel who was appointed to the position due to the illness of Jack Layton, who died on August 22, 2011. The provincial wings of the NDP in...
Members of Parliament Glenn Thibeault
Glenn Thibeault
Glenn Thibeault is a Canadian politician. Since 2008, he has represented the Ontario electoral district of Sudbury in the Canadian House of Commons...
in the Sudbury riding
Sudbury (electoral district)
Sudbury is a federal electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 1949.Its population in 2001 was 89,443. The district is one of two serving the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario....
, and Claude Gravelle
Claude Gravelle
Claude Gravelle is a Canadian politician, who was elected to represent the electoral district of Nickel Belt in the 2008 Canadian federal election. He is a member of the New Democratic Party....
in Nickel Belt
Nickel Belt
Nickel Belt is one of two federal electoral districts serving the Greater City of Sudbury.Nickel Belt has been represented in the Canadian House of Commons since 1953.It consists of:...
. Their counterparts in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario
Legislative Assembly of Ontario
The Legislative Assembly of Ontario , is the legislature of the Canadian province of Ontario, and is the second largest provincial legislature of Canada...
are Ontario Liberal Party
Ontario Liberal Party
The Ontario Liberal Party is a provincial political party in the province of Ontario, Canada. It has formed the Government of Ontario since the provincial election of 2003. The party is ideologically aligned with the Liberal Party of Canada but the two parties are organizationally independent and...
MPP Rick Bartolucci
Rick Bartolucci
Rick Bartolucci is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He has represented Sudbury in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1995, and is a cabinet minister in the government of Dalton McGuinty...
in Sudbury
Sudbury (provincial electoral district)
Sudbury is a provincial electoral district in Ontario, Canada, that has been represented in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario since 1908. It is one of the two districts serving the city of Greater Sudbury.Its population in 2001 was 89,443....
and Ontario New Democratic Party
Ontario New Democratic Party
The Ontario New Democratic Party or , formally known as New Democratic Party of Ontario, is a social democratic political party in Ontario, Canada. It is a provincial section of the federal New Democratic Party. It was formed in October 1961, a few months after the federal party. The ONDP had its...
MPP France Gélinas
France Gélinas
France Gélinas is a Canadian politician, who was elected to represent the riding of Nickel Belt in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in the 2007 Ontario election. She is a member of the Ontario New Democratic Party....
in Nickel Belt
Nickel Belt (provincial electoral district)
Nickel Belt is a provincial electoral district in the Canadian province of Ontario. It elects one member to the Legislative Assembly of Ontario. The district is located in Northern Ontario and includes much of the eastern and southern parts of the District of Sudbury, as well as most of Greater...
. Both federal and provincial politics in the city tend to be dominated by the Liberal and New Democratic parties. Historically, the Liberals have been stronger in the urban Sudbury riding, with the New Democrats dominant in the more rural Nickel Belt, although both ridings have elected members of both parties at different times.
The provincial Ministry of Northern Development, Mines and Forestry has its head office in the city.
History
The city's economic growth has been hindered at times by taxation issues: because of federal corporate taxation rules pertaining to natural resourcesNatural Resources
Natural Resources is a soul album released by Motown girl group Martha Reeves and the Vandellas in 1970 on the Gordy label. The album is significant for the Vietnam War ballad "I Should Be Proud" and the slow jam, "Love Guess Who"...
companies, Sudbury's ability to directly levy municipal taxes on Inco and Falconbridge is severely curtailed, compared to most cities whose major employers operate in other industries. As early as 1954, the Sudbury Star
Sudbury Star
The Sudbury Star is a Canadian daily regional newspaper, published in Sudbury, Ontario. It is run by the media conglomerate Sun Media, which is controlled by Quebecor....
was referring to Sudbury as "a city without a city's birthright", because of this taxation barrier. Prior to the creation of the Regional Municipality of Sudbury in 1973, the city could not levy any taxes against the mining companies at all, because the Ontario Municipal Board
Ontario Municipal Board
The Ontario Municipal Board is an independent administrative board, operated as an adjudicative tribunal, in the province of Ontario, Canada...
consistently denied the city's requests to annex the outlying company towns, such as Copper Cliff, Coniston, Frood Mine or Falconbridge, where the mining facilities were actually located.
This fact sometimes left the city without a sufficient tax base to adequately maintain or improve municipal services. At one point, Sudbury offered the fewest municipal services of any city of comparable size in Ontario, despite having residential property tax rates fully 20 per cent higher than any of the same cities. For example, the city did not maintain a public transit system until 1972, instead relying on a succession of private operators, which were eventually consolidated under the ownership of Paul Desmarais
Paul Desmarais
Paul Desmarais, Sr., is a Canadian financier in Montreal. With an estimated net worth of $US 4.5 billion , Desmarais was ranked by Forbes as the 4th wealthiest person in Canada and 235th in the world.Desmarais also owns homes in Palm Beach, Florida and New York.He is CEO of the Power Corporation...
, to provide bus services to commuters. The city only took over the system after a public outcry following an incident in which several students en route to classes at Laurentian University
Laurentian University
Laurentian University , was incorporated on March 28, 1960, is a mid-sized bilingual university in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada....
were hospitalized for carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide
Carbon monoxide , also called carbonous oxide, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas that is slightly lighter than air. It is highly toxic to humans and animals in higher quantities, although it is also produced in normal animal metabolism in low quantities, and is thought to have some normal...
inhalation when their bus stalled and exhaust leaked into the vehicle.
In the 1950s, the provincial government began providing the city with an annual grant to make up the shortfall, although a municipal accounting study in 1956 found that this grant was only providing 52 per cent of the revenue the city would have received from a direct tax assessment on the mining facilities.
In 1973, the city and its suburban communities were reorganized into the Regional Municipality of Sudbury. The expansion of the city's boundaries gave the city the power to levy property taxes on Inco's surface operations in Copper Cliff and Frood, but not on their underground facilities. This change improved the city's tax base, but the ongoing discrepancy has still been cited as a factor in municipal politics as recently as the 2006 municipal election
Greater Sudbury municipal election, 2006
The Greater Sudbury municipal election, 2006 was held in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada on November 13, 2006. All municipal elections in the province of Ontario are held on the same date; see Ontario municipal elections, 2006 for elections in other cities.The election chose the mayor...
. Even today, fully 75 per cent of the city's tax base comes from residential property taxes.
The former regional municipality was subsequently merged in 2001 into the single-tier city of Greater Sudbury. In 2006, there was renewed debate on the municipal amalgamation. Many residents of the former town of Rayside-Balfour
Rayside-Balfour, Ontario
Rayside-Balfour was a town in Ontario, Canada, which existed from 1973 to 2000.It was created as part of the Regional Municipality of Sudbury...
, were unhappy with their position in the city, and lobbied for a deamalgamation referendum
Referendum
A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy. It is a form of...
during the 2006 municipal election. City council refused to endorse such a referendum, although even with the council's endorsement a vote would still have to be approved by the provincial Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing
Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing (Ontario)
The Ministry of Municipal Affairs and Housing is responsible for municipal affairs and housing in the Canadian province of Ontario.The current Minister of Municipal Affairs and Housing in the Ontario cabinet is Kathleen Wynne.-Former Ministers:...
. In 2006, then-Mayor David Courtemanche
David Courtemanche
David Courtemanche is a politician in Ontario, Canada. He is the former mayor of Greater Sudbury, having served one term from 2003 to 2006.-Background:...
appointed former MPP Floyd Laughren
Floyd Laughren
Floyd Laughren is a former politician in Ontario, Canada. He sat in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1971 to 1998 as a member of the Ontario New Democratic Party, and served as Finance Minister and Deputy Premier in the government of Bob Rae.-Background:Laughren's childhood was far...
to chair an advisory committee to review and make recommendations to improve the quality of city services to the outlying communities. Laughren submitted his final report on January 10, 2007, making 34 recommendations for improvements in the city's municipal ward structure, communications, transportation, recreation and transit services.
Communities
- City of Sudbury (92,059)
- Town (city after 1997) of Valley East (22,374)
- Town of Rayside-Balfour (15,046)
- Town of Nickel Centre (12,672)
- Town of WaldenWalden, OntarioWalden was a town in the Canadian province of Ontario, existing from 1973 to 2000. Created as part of the Regional Municipality of Sudbury when regional government was introduced, the town was dissolved when the city of Greater Sudbury was incorporated on January 1, 2001...
(10,101) - Town of Onaping Falls (4,887)
- Town of Capreol (3,486)
The names Greater Sudbury and Ville du Grand Sudbury are thus almost exclusively political designations. In common usage, the city is still generally referred to as Sudbury, and often the amalgamated municipalities are still referred to by name and continue in some respects to maintain their own distinct identities. Each of the seven former municipalities encompasses numerous smaller neighbourhoods. The city maintains a system of community action networks
Community league
A community league is an organization of community residents who represent their community at large in communication with a municipal government...
, most of which are organized along the boundaries of the former municipalities.
The Wanup area, formerly an unincorporated settlement outside of Sudbury's old city limits, was also annexed into the city in 2001, along with a largely wilderness area on the northeastern shore of Lake Wanapitei
Lake Wanapitei
Lake Wanapitei occupies a meteorite crater in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. It is located near the large Sudbury meteorite crater but is not related to it....
.
Transportation
- Highway 17 is the main branch of the Trans-Canada HighwayTrans-Canada HighwayThe Trans-Canada Highway is a federal-provincial highway system that joins the ten provinces of Canada. It is, along with the Trans-Siberian Highway and Australia's Highway 1, one of the world's longest national highways, with the main route spanning 8,030 km...
, connecting the city to points east and west. An approximately 21 kilometres (13 mi) segment of Highway 17, from Mikkola to Whitefish, is freeway. The highway bypasses the city via two separately-constructed roads, the Southwest and Southeast BypassesSouthwest and Southeast Bypasses (Sudbury)The Southwest Bypass and Southeast Bypass are two separately-constructed roads in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, that form a loop around the southern end of the city's urban core for traffic travelling on Highway 17, a route of the Trans-Canada Highway...
, that form a loop around the southern end of the city's urban core for traffic travelling through Highway 17. The former alignment of Highway 17 through the city is now Municipal Road 55Greater Sudbury Road 55Sudbury Municipal Road 55 is a municipal road in the city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Extending from Whitefish to Coniston under a variety of street names, the road's entire length is a former alignment of Highway 17 and the Trans-Canada Highway....
.
- Highway 69Ontario Highway 69King's Highway 69, commonly referred to as Highway 69, is a major north–south highway in the central area of the Canadian province of Ontario, linking Highway 400 north of Parry Sound with Sudbury...
, also a branch of the Trans-Canada Highway, leads south to Parry SoundParry Sound, OntarioParry Sound is a town in Central Ontario, Canada, located on Parry Sound on the eastern shore of Georgian Bay. Parry Sound is located south of Sudbury and north of Toronto. It is the seat of Parry Sound District, a popular cottage country region for Southern Ontario residents. It is also the...
, where it connects to the Highway 400 freeway to Toronto. Highway 400 is currently being extended to Greater Sudbury and is scheduled for completion in 2017.
- Highway 144 leads north to Highway 101 just west of TimminsTimminsTimmins is a city in northeastern Ontario, Canada on the Mattagami River. At the time of the Canada 2006 Census, Timmins' population was 42,997...
.
Greater Sudbury is the only census division in Northern Ontario that maintains a system of numbered municipal roads, similar to the county road system in the southern part of the province.
The Greater Sudbury Airport
Greater Sudbury Airport
Sudbury Airport or Greater Sudbury Airport, , is an airport in the Canadian city of Greater Sudbury, Ontario and is located northeast of the downtown area, on Municipal Road 86 between the communities of Garson and Skead...
is served by three regional carrier lines: Air Canada Jazz
Air Canada Jazz
Jazz Aviation LP is a Canadian regional airline based at Halifax Stanfield International Airport in Enfield and Halifax Regional Municipality, Nova Scotia, and is a wholly owned subsidiary of Chorus Aviation....
to the Toronto Pearson International Airport
Toronto Pearson International Airport
Toronto Pearson International Airport is an international airport serving Toronto, Ontario, Canada; its metropolitan area; and the Golden Horseshoe, an urban agglomeration that is home to 8.1 million people – approximately 25% of Canada's population...
, Porter Airlines
Porter Airlines
Porter Airlines is a regional airline headquartered at Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport on the Toronto Islands in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Porter operates regularly scheduled flights between Toronto and locations in Canada and the United States using Canadian-built Bombardier Dash-8 Q 400...
to the Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport, and Bearskin Airlines
Bearskin Airlines
Bearskin Lake Air Services Ltd., trading as Bearskin Airlines, is a regional airline based in Sioux Lookout, Ontario, Canada. It operates services in northern Ontario and Manitoba...
to the Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport
Ottawa Macdonald-Cartier International Airport
Ottawa/Macdonald-Cartier International Airport or Macdonald-Cartier International Airport , in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada is named after Sirs John A. Macdonald and George-Étienne Cartier...
as well as several destinations in Northern Ontario including Kapuskasing, North Bay
North Bay, Ontario
North Bay is a city in Northeastern Ontario, Canada. It is the seat of Nipissing District, and takes its name from its position on the shore of Lake Nipissing.-History:...
, Sault Ste. Marie
Sault Ste. Marie, Ontario
Sault Ste. Marie is a city on the St. Marys River in Algoma District, Ontario, Canada. It is the third largest city in Northern Ontario, after Sudbury and Thunder Bay, with a population of 74,948. The community was founded as a French religious mission: Sault either means "jump" or "rapids" in...
, Timmins
Timmins
Timmins is a city in northeastern Ontario, Canada on the Mattagami River. At the time of the Canada 2006 Census, Timmins' population was 42,997...
, and Thunder Bay
Thunder Bay
-In Canada:Thunder Bay is the name of three places in the province of Ontario, Canada along Lake Superior:*Thunder Bay District, Ontario, a district in Northwestern Ontario*Thunder Bay, a city in Thunder Bay District*Thunder Bay, Unorganized, Ontario...
. Sunwing Vacations
Sunwing Airlines
Sunwing Airlines Inc. is an airline headquartered in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, offering scheduled and chartered services to Canada, the United States, Mexico, the Caribbean, Europe, Central America, South America as well as domestic services during the summer season.It is a subsidiary of Sunwing...
also offers seasonal chartered direct flights to Puerto Plata
San Felipe de Puerto Plata
San Felipe de Puerto Plata, often referred to as simply Puerto Plata, is the capital of the Dominican province Puerto Plata.The city is famous for resorts such as Playa Dorada and Costa Dorada, located east of San Felipe de Puerto Plata. There are a total of 100,000 hotel beds in the city.The only...
.
Inter-city train service in Sudbury is provided by Via Rail
VIA Rail
Via Rail Canada is an independent crown corporation offering intercity passenger rail services in Canada. It is headquartered near Montreal Central Station at 3 Place Ville-Marie in Montreal, Quebec....
, with The Canadian
The Canadian
The Canadian is a Canadian transcontinental passenger train originally operated by the Canadian Pacific Railway between 1955 and 1978. It is currently operated as an Inter-city rail service by Via Rail Canada with service between Union Station in Toronto, Ontario and Pacific Central Station in...
between Toronto and Vancouver
Vancouver
Vancouver is a coastal seaport city on the mainland of British Columbia, Canada. It is the hub of Greater Vancouver, which, with over 2.3 million residents, is the third most populous metropolitan area in the country,...
and the Sudbury – White River train, both three times a week. It is also served by inter-city bus services Greyhound Canada and Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services
Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services
Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services is a bus service operating in Ontario by the Ontario Northland Transportation Commission.Ontario Northland Motor Coach Services operates inter-city bus and parcel service between Toronto and locations in Central and Northern Ontario.There are two scheduled...
.
The city maintains a public transit system, Greater Sudbury Transit
Greater Sudbury Transit
Greater Sudbury Transit is a public transport authority that operates buses in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.-Overview:Greater Sudbury Transit features over 90 buses on 28 regular routes servicing the city centre and outlying neighbourhoods such as Capreol, Chelmsford, Lively and Falconbridge. The...
, featuring over 90 buses covering 39 routes.
Health care
Greater Sudbury serves as the health care centre for much of northeastern Ontario through Health Sciences North. Sudbury is also the site of the Regional Cancer Program, which treats cancer patients from across the north. In 1968, the first successful coronary artery bypass surgeryCoronary artery bypass surgery
Coronary artery bypass surgery, also coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and colloquially heart bypass or bypass surgery is a surgical procedure performed to relieve angina and reduce the risk of death from coronary artery disease...
in Canada was performed at Sudbury Memorial Hospital.
Adult mental health services are also provided to the area through Health Sciences North, primarily at the Kirkwood site (formerly the Sudbury Algoma Hospital) and at the Cedar site downtown. Children's mental health services are provided through the Regional Children's Psychiatric Centre operated by the Northeast Mental Health Centre, located onsite at the Kirkwood Site of Health Sciences North.
City and emergency services
Greater Sudbury is served by the Greater Sudbury Police ServiceGreater Sudbury Police Service
The Greater Sudbury Police Service is the police force for Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The service is currently made up of 255 uniformed staff and 102 civilians. Two K-9 officers are included in the uniform staff....
, headquartered in downtown Sudbury. There is also a detachment of the Ontario Provincial Police
Ontario Provincial Police
The Ontario Provincial Police is the Provincial Police service for the province of Ontario, Canada.-Overview:The OPP is the the largest deployed police force in Ontario, and the second largest in Canada. The service is responsible for providing policing services throughout the province in areas...
located in the McFarlane Lake area of the city's south end.
Greater Sudbury Emergency Medical Services provide prehospital paramedic services. Two levels of paramedics work in Greater Sudbury, primary care and advanced care paramedics. There are over 150 full-time and part-time paramedics. EMS operates from 10 bases throughout the Sudbury area, as well as a central headquarters in Azilda.
Greater Sudbury Fire Services operates from 25 fire stations located throughout the city, with a combination of full-time and paid part-time firefighters. Prior to the municipal amalgamation of 2001, most of the suburban towns were served by separate volunteer fire department
Volunteer fire department
See also the Firefighter article and its respective sections regarding VFDs in other countries.A volunteer fire department is a fire department composed of volunteers who perform fire suppression and other related emergency services for a local jurisdiction.The first organized force of...
s, which were amalgamated into the citywide service as part of the municipal restructuring.
The municipally owned energy provider Greater Sudbury Utilities
Greater Sudbury Utilities
Greater Sudbury Utilities Inc. delivers utility services in the area of Greater Sudbury, Ontario. Its sole shareholder is the City of Greater Sudbury....
serves the city's urban core, while rural areas in the city continue to be served by Hydro One
Hydro One
Hydro One Incorporated delivers electricity across the Canadian province of Ontario. It is a Corporation established under the Business Corporations Act with a single shareholder, the Government of Ontario....
.
Education
Laurentian University
Laurentian University , was incorporated on March 28, 1960, is a mid-sized bilingual university in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada....
, a primarily undergraduate mid-sized bilingual university with approximately 9000 students, Cambrian College
Cambrian College
Cambrian College is a college of applied arts and technology in Greater Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1967, and funded by the province of Ontario, Cambrian has campuses in Sudbury, Espanola and Little Current....
, an English college of applied arts and technology, and Collège Boréal
Collège Boréal
Collège Boréal is a francophone College of Applied Arts and Technology based and with its principal campus in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. The college also has satellite campuses in Hearst, Kapuskasing, Timmins, Temiskaming Shores, Toronto and West Nipissing, as well as a network of access centres...
, a francophone
Francophone
The adjective francophone means French-speaking, typically as primary language, whether referring to individuals, groups, or places. Often, the word is used as a noun to describe a natively French-speaking person....
college with additional campuses throughout Northern Ontario.
Laurentian University is home to the Sudbury campus of the Northern Ontario School of Medicine
Northern Ontario School of Medicine
The Northern Ontario School of Medicine is a medical school in the Canadian province of Ontario, created through a partnership between Laurentian University in Sudbury and Lakehead University in Thunder Bay...
. NOSM was the first medical school to be established in Canada in 30 years, having opened in September 2005. Laurentian is also undergoing preparations to launch the Northern Ontario School of Architecture, which was formally green-lit by the provincial government in 2011 and will be the first new architecture school to launch in Canada in over 40 years. This school is planned to have its own separate campus in downtown Sudbury, although its precise location has yet to be announced. Laurentian is also tentatively planning to open a law school at some point in the future.
English-language public schooling is provided by the Rainbow District School Board
Rainbow District School Board
Rainbow District School Board is a school board in the Canadian province of Ontario. The school board is the school district administrator for English language public schools in Greater Sudbury, the southern Sudbury District and the Manitoulin District, with a total enrollment of 16,985 students as...
. The board operates 30 elementary and seven secondary schools, one school for students with special needs and the Cecil Facer Youth Centre for young offenders. The Sudbury Catholic District School Board
Sudbury Catholic District School Board
Sudbury Catholic District School Board is a school board in north-central Ontario, Canada. The board is the school district administrator for English language Roman Catholic schools in Greater Sudbury and the southern Sudbury District....
offers publicly funded English-language Catholic education, with 20 elementary schools, four high schools and an adult education centre. French-language public schools are administered by the Conseil scolaire de district du Grand Nord de l'Ontario
Conseil scolaire de district du Grand Nord de l'Ontario
The Conseil scolaire de district du Grand Nord de l'Ontario manages the French-language schools in much of Northern Ontario. The area in which this school board operates covers 64,238 km² of Ontario....
with nine elementary and three secondary schools. Finally, the Conseil scolaire de district catholique du Nouvel-Ontario
Conseil scolaire de district catholique du Nouvel-Ontario
The Conseil scolaire catholique du Nouvel-Ontario is a school board in the Canadian province of Ontario. The board is the school district administrator for French language Roman Catholic separate schools in the city of Greater Sudbury and the districts of Sudbury, Manitoulin and Algoma.-Secondary:*...
provides publicly funded French-language Catholic education, with 18 elementary and four secondary schools.
There are also two Christian private schools (Glad Tidings Academy and King Christian Academy), as well two Montessori schools (King Montessori Academy and the Montessori School of Sudbury).
Media
As the largest city in Northern Ontario, Greater Sudbury is the region's primary media centre. Due to the relatively small size of the region's individual media markets, most of the region is served at least partially by Sudbury-based media. CICI-TVCICI-TV
CICI-TV is a Canadian television station, broadcasting in Sudbury, Ontario. It is an owned-and-operated station of the CTV Television Network, and is the flagship station of that network's system in northern Ontario, CTV Northern Ontario....
produces almost all local programming on the CTV Northern Ontario
CTV Northern Ontario
CTV Northern Ontario, formerly known as MCTV, is a system of four television stations in Northern Ontario, Canada, owned and operated by the CTV Television Network, a division of Bell Media.These stations are:...
system, and the CBC Radio stations CBCS-FM
CBCS-FM
CBCS-FM is a Canadian radio station. It is the CBC Radio One station in Sudbury, Ontario, broadcasting at 99.9 FM, and serves all of Northeastern Ontario through its network of relay transmitters.-History:The station was launched in 1978 on FM 99.9 MHz...
and CBON-FM
CBON-FM
CBON-FM is a Canadian radio station. It broadcasts the Société Radio-Canada's Première Chaîne network at 98.1 FM in Sudbury, Ontario. The station also serves much of Northern Ontario through a network of relay transmitters.-History:...
broadcast to the entire region through extensive rebroadcaster networks. As well, most of the commercial radio stations in Northeastern Ontario's smaller cities simulcast programming produced in Sudbury for at least a portion of their programming schedules, particularly in weekend and evening slots.
Sudbury's daily newspaper is the Sudbury Star
Sudbury Star
The Sudbury Star is a Canadian daily regional newspaper, published in Sudbury, Ontario. It is run by the media conglomerate Sun Media, which is controlled by Quebecor....
, owned by Quebecor
Quebecor
Quebecor Inc. is a communications company based in Montreal, Quebec, Canada. It was founded by Pierre Péladeau, and remains run by his family. Quebecor Inc. owns 55% of Quebecor Media Inc...
's Sun Media
Sun Media
Sun Media Corporation is the owner of several widely read tabloid and broadsheet newspapers in Canada and the 49 percent owner of Sun News Network...
division. The newspaper with the highest circulation is Northern Life, a community paper which publishes twice a week.
Notable people
Notable people from Sudbury include television game-show Jeopardy!Jeopardy!
Griffin's first conception of the game used a board comprising ten categories with ten clues each, but after finding that this board could not be shown on camera easily, he reduced it to two rounds of thirty clues each, with five clues in each of six categories...
host Alex Trebek
Alex Trebek
George Alexander "Alex" Trebek is a Canadian American game show host who has been the host of the game show Jeopardy! since 1984, and prior to that, he hosted game shows such as Pitfall and High Rollers. He has appeared in numerous television series, usually as himself...
and Olympian Alex Baumann
Alex Baumann
Alexander "Sasha" Baumann, OC, O.Ont is a Canadian athlete, who won two gold medals and set two world records in swimming at the 1984 Olympics in Los Angeles.Born in Prague , Baumann...
who won two gold medals and set two world records in swimming. Sudbury has produced 81 NHL hockey players, a number larger than any European city. This includes the following NHL players who have played over 1000 games:
- Mike FolignoMike FolignoMichael Anthony Foligno is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey right winger who played in the National Hockey League for fifteen seasons from 1979–80 until 1993–94...
- Todd BertuzziTodd BertuzziTodd Bertuzzi is a Canadian professional ice hockey winger with the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League...
- Andrew BrunetteAndrew BrunetteAndrew Brunette is a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger for the Chicago Blackhawks of the National Hockey League .-Playing career:Brunette grew up in the small community of Valley East, Ontario just outside of Sudbury...
- Eddie ShackEddie ShackEdward Steven Phillip Shack , also known by the nicknames "The Entertainer" and "The Nose" is a retired Canadian hockey player who played for six National Hockey League teams from 1959 to 1975,Shack was born in Sudbury, Ontario...
- Randy CarlyleRandy CarlyleRandolph Robert Carlyle is a former ice hockey defenceman and formely the head coach of the Anaheim Ducks. He was raised in Azilda, just northwest of Sudbury, Ontario.-Career:...
- Dave LowryDave LowryDavid John Lowry is a retired professional ice hockey player from Sudbury, Ontario, Canada. He played in the National Hockey League from 1985 to 2004...
- Dave Taylor
- George Armstrong
- Doug MohnsDoug MohnsDouglas Allen "Diesel" Mohns is a retired professional ice hockey player who played 22 seasons in the National Hockey League from 1953–54 until 1974–75. Mohns twice won the most coveted prize in junior hockey, the Memorial Cup...