History of 19th Century congressional redistricting in Ohio
Encyclopedia
The redistricting
of United States congressional districts is made by the legislatures of the states every 10 years, immediately following the official announcement of the federal census
that serves as the basis of the apportionment. It was long the practice that the apportionment thus made stood until after the next decennial census.
However, the power rests with the legislature to change or adjust the apportionment during the interim and in 1845, the tradition in Ohio
of reapportioning following the decennial census was broken. For the last half of the century, it was the policy of the party
in power in the legislature to secure the largest amount of political advantage in making the apportionments, and they were made whenever the political control of the assembly changed. From 1878 to 1892, the state was reapportioned six times as power oscillated between the two parties.
A partisan majority in the legislature has it in their power to so apportion the districts as to enable the minority of the voters in the state to elect a majority of the congressional delegation, or to empower a bare majority of the voters to elect almost the entire delegation, in effect disenfranchising
the minority. No apportionment of Ohio was absolutely free from partisan bias, but some have been notoriously unjust and unfair.
, state representatives were chosen annually for the term of one year, and state senators were chosen for two years, the original allotment being such that half the senators held over and one-half of the body was chosen at the annual elections, necessitating annual sessions of the legislature.
The mode of electing members of the Ohio General Assembly
was changed under the constitution of 1851. Senators and representatives were elected biennially, for the term of two years, and the entire legislature changed its membership at the end of the biennial period.
The object of the change in the organic law was to obviate annual legislative sessions, but as a rule, up to the last decade of the century, annual sessions were held, the general assembly adjourning to a date in the second year of the biennial period to complete its unfinished business and consider other legislative matters.
Other changes were proposed in the Ohio Constitutional Convention
of 1872-73. However, the citizens soundly rejected the proposed changes in the referendum
in 1874. The next change in the state constitution did not occur until the 20th century.
was represented by one at-large
Territorial Delegate. These were in turn William Henry Harrison
, who resigned to become governor of Indiana Territory
, William McMillan, and Paul Fearing
.
for all five terms. In the Seventh Congress Ohio had a population of 47,500; in the Eighth, when the state was first fully represented, the population was 68,850; in the Ninth the population numbered 91,280; in the Tenth it rose to 150,965, and in the Eleventh it reached 250,325, so that the member from Ohio not only represented the largest geographical territory of any single congressman, but about three times as large a constituency as any other.
Based on the Third Federal Census
, the state was entitled to seven representatives in Congress, but this fact was overlooked at the time the apportionment was made. No attempt was made to rectify this error, the result being that Ohio was short five congressional seats during the decade, and one elector
at each of the presidential elections in 1812
, 1816
and 1820
.
not having been received in time for consideration and action at the regular session, the state legislature was assembled in extraordinary session for that purpose. The state then contained 66 organized counties, and was divided into 14 districts.
There were 74 organized counties and they were divided into 19 districts based on the Fifth Federal Census
.
majority and the apportionment debate acrimonious, the Whigs
denouncing the proposed redistricting as unfair and grossly partisan. Consequently the session ran until August 12.
This adjustment of the congressional districts subsequently became the excuse for a number of the most notorious gerrymanders
at the hands of the leaders of both parties in later years.
There were 78 organized counties, which were divided into 21 districts based on the Sixth Federal Census
.
.
. The United States Congress had just passed an act increasing the ratio of representation, and this had the effect of reducing the number of Ohio representatives in Congress from 21 to 19, and in the rest of the Union proportionately. During the first session of the Fifty-fifth general assembly, in 1862, the state was apportioned into the 19 districts based on the Eighth Federal Census
.
.
The result of this readjustment of the districts was seen at the ensuing election. At the election in 1878, the head of the Republican state ticket received 274,120 votes, and the head of the Democratic ticket received 270,966 votes. Each party won ten seats. In contrast, using the earlier districting two years before in 1876, the heads of the tickets were similarly balanced (Republican 317,856, Democratic 311,220), yet voters elected 13 Republican 13 congressmen and seven Democrats.
, and there were 21 districts to be created. The legislature elected in 1882, and which met in 1883, was controlled by the Republican Party.
was due to be made in 1892. The Republicans were again in control but in 1892 succeeded only in winning 9 seats, while the Democrats won 12. At the subsequent elections, however, the Republicans succeeded in increasing their delegation to as high as 15.
Between 1892 and 1900, there were no revisions of the apportionment only because the Democrats did not secure control of the legislature.
Redistricting
Redistricting is the process of drawing United States electoral district boundaries, often in response to population changes determined by the results of the decennial census. In 36 states, the state legislature has primary responsibility for creating a redistricting plan, in many cases subject to...
of United States congressional districts is made by the legislatures of the states every 10 years, immediately following the official announcement of the federal census
United States Census
The United States Census is a decennial census mandated by the United States Constitution. The population is enumerated every 10 years and the results are used to allocate Congressional seats , electoral votes, and government program funding. The United States Census Bureau The United States Census...
that serves as the basis of the apportionment. It was long the practice that the apportionment thus made stood until after the next decennial census.
However, the power rests with the legislature to change or adjust the apportionment during the interim and in 1845, the tradition in Ohio
Ohio
Ohio is a Midwestern state in the United States. The 34th largest state by area in the U.S.,it is the 7th‑most populous with over 11.5 million residents, containing several major American cities and seven metropolitan areas with populations of 500,000 or more.The state's capital is Columbus...
of reapportioning following the decennial census was broken. For the last half of the century, it was the policy of the party
Political party
A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to influence government policy, usually by nominating their own candidates and trying to seat them in political office. Parties participate in electoral campaigns, educational outreach or protest actions...
in power in the legislature to secure the largest amount of political advantage in making the apportionments, and they were made whenever the political control of the assembly changed. From 1878 to 1892, the state was reapportioned six times as power oscillated between the two parties.
A partisan majority in the legislature has it in their power to so apportion the districts as to enable the minority of the voters in the state to elect a majority of the congressional delegation, or to empower a bare majority of the voters to elect almost the entire delegation, in effect disenfranchising
Disfranchisement
Disfranchisement is the revocation of the right of suffrage of a person or group of people, or rendering a person's vote less effective, or ineffective...
the minority. No apportionment of Ohio was absolutely free from partisan bias, but some have been notoriously unjust and unfair.
Ohio’s legislative structure
Under the original Ohio constitutionConstitution
A constitution is a set of fundamental principles or established precedents according to which a state or other organization is governed. These rules together make up, i.e. constitute, what the entity is...
, state representatives were chosen annually for the term of one year, and state senators were chosen for two years, the original allotment being such that half the senators held over and one-half of the body was chosen at the annual elections, necessitating annual sessions of the legislature.
The mode of electing members of the Ohio General Assembly
Ohio General Assembly
The Ohio General Assembly is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Ohio. It consists of the 99-member Ohio House of Representatives and the 33-member Ohio Senate...
was changed under the constitution of 1851. Senators and representatives were elected biennially, for the term of two years, and the entire legislature changed its membership at the end of the biennial period.
The object of the change in the organic law was to obviate annual legislative sessions, but as a rule, up to the last decade of the century, annual sessions were held, the general assembly adjourning to a date in the second year of the biennial period to complete its unfinished business and consider other legislative matters.
Other changes were proposed in the Ohio Constitutional Convention
Constitutional convention (political meeting)
A constitutional convention is now a gathering for the purpose of writing a new constitution or revising an existing constitution. A general constitutional convention is called to create the first constitution of a political unit or to entirely replace an existing constitution...
of 1872-73. However, the citizens soundly rejected the proposed changes in the referendum
Referendum
A referendum is a direct vote in which an entire electorate is asked to either accept or reject a particular proposal. This may result in the adoption of a new constitution, a constitutional amendment, a law, the recall of an elected official or simply a specific government policy. It is a form of...
in 1874. The next change in the state constitution did not occur until the 20th century.
Ohio’s county structure
At the time of the first apportionment in 1812, there were 40 organized counties in the state. During each of the following decennial periods up to 1851, new counties were created to the current number of 88. Where portions of the new counties came from two or more congressional districts, the voters continued to cast their ballots for representative in Congress as in the original district until the next apportionment was made.Territorial representation — 1799 to 1802
During the Fifth, Sixth and Seventh Congresses, the Northwest TerritoryNorthwest Territory
The Territory Northwest of the River Ohio, more commonly known as the Northwest Territory, was an organized incorporated territory of the United States that existed from July 13, 1787, until March 1, 1803, when the southeastern portion of the territory was admitted to the Union as the state of Ohio...
was represented by one at-large
At-Large
At-large is a designation for representative members of a governing body who are elected or appointed to represent the whole membership of the body , rather than a subset of that membership...
Territorial Delegate. These were in turn William Henry Harrison
William Henry Harrison
William Henry Harrison was the ninth President of the United States , an American military officer and politician, and the first president to die in office. He was 68 years, 23 days old when elected, the oldest president elected until Ronald Reagan in 1980, and last President to be born before the...
, who resigned to become governor of Indiana Territory
Governor of Indiana
The Governor of Indiana is the chief executive of the state of Indiana. The governor is elected to a four-year term, and responsible for overseeing the day-to-day management of the functions of many agencies of the Indiana state government. The governor also shares power with other statewide...
, William McMillan, and Paul Fearing
Paul Fearing
Paul Fearing was Delegate from the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio. He was born in Wareham, Massachusetts....
.
Statehood representation — 1803 to 1812
Ohio entered the Union on February 19, 1803 a few weeks before the end of the Seventh Congress. From 1803 to 1812, the entire state constituted a single representative district in Congress, held by Jeremiah MorrowJeremiah Morrow
Jeremiah Morrow was a Democratic-Republican Party politician from Ohio. He served as the ninth Governor of Ohio, and the last Democratic-Republican to do so....
for all five terms. In the Seventh Congress Ohio had a population of 47,500; in the Eighth, when the state was first fully represented, the population was 68,850; in the Ninth the population numbered 91,280; in the Tenth it rose to 150,965, and in the Eleventh it reached 250,325, so that the member from Ohio not only represented the largest geographical territory of any single congressman, but about three times as large a constituency as any other.
First Apportionment — 1812 to 1822
The state was first apportioned into representative districts by the Act of January 14, 1812, six districts being designated.Based on the Third Federal Census
United States Census, 1810
The United States Census of 1810 was the third Census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 6, 1810. It showed that 7,239,881 people were living in the United States of which 1,191,362 were slaves....
, the state was entitled to seven representatives in Congress, but this fact was overlooked at the time the apportionment was made. No attempt was made to rectify this error, the result being that Ohio was short five congressional seats during the decade, and one elector
United States Electoral College
The Electoral College consists of the electors appointed by each state who formally elect the President and Vice President of the United States. Since 1964, there have been 538 electors in each presidential election...
at each of the presidential elections in 1812
United States presidential election, 1812
The United States presidential election of 1812 took place in the shadow of the War of 1812. It featured an intriguing competition between incumbent Democratic-Republican President James Madison and a dissident Democratic-Republican, DeWitt Clinton, nephew of Madison's late Vice President. The...
, 1816
United States presidential election, 1816
The United States presidential election of 1816 came at the end of the two-term presidency of Democratic-Republican James Madison. With the Federalist Party in collapse, Madison's Secretary of State, James Monroe, had an advantage in winning the presidency against very weak opposition...
and 1820
United States presidential election, 1820
The United States presidential election of 1820 was the third and last presidential election in United States history in which a candidate ran effectively unopposed. In 1820, President James Monroe and Vice President Daniel D...
.
| Ohio Congressional Districts 1812–1822 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| Hamilton Hamilton County, Ohio As of 2000, there were 845,303 people, 346,790 households, and 212,582 families residing in the county. The population density was 2,075 people per square mile . There were 373,393 housing units at an average density of 917 per square mile... , Warren Warren County, Ohio Warren County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. The population was 212,693 at the 2010 census. Its county seat is Lebanon. Warren County was erected May 1, 1803, from Hamilton County, and named for Dr... , Butler Butler County, Ohio Butler County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of 2010, the population was 368,130. Its county seat is Hamilton. It is named for General Richard Butler, who died in 1791 fighting Indians in northern Ohio. Butler's army marched out of Fort Hamilton, where the city of... , Preble Preble County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 42,337 people, 16,001 households, and 12,144 families residing in the county. The population density was 100 people per square mile . There were 17,186 housing units at an average density of 40 per square mile... |
|
| Clermont Clermont County, Ohio Clermont County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States, just east of Cincinnati. As of 2010, the population was 197,363. Its county seat is Batavia... , Highland Highland County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 40,875 people, 15,587 households, and 11,394 families residing in the county. The population density was 74 people per square mile . There were 17,583 housing units at an average density of 32 per square mile... , Fayette Fayette County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 28,433 people, 11,054 households, and 7,837 families residing in the county. The population density was 70 people per square mile . There were 11,904 housing units at an average density of 29 per square mile... , Clinton Clinton County, Ohio Clinton County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 42,040. The 2008 Census Population Estimate places the figure at 43,200. It is named for former U.S. Vice-President George Clinton... , Adams Adams County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 27,330 people, 10,501 households, and 7,613 families residing in the county. The population density was 47 people per square mile . There were 11,822 housing units at an average density of 20 per square mile... , Greene Greene County, Ohio Greene County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. The population was 161,573 in the 2010 Census. Its county seat is Xenia, and it was named for General Nathanael Greene, an officer in the Revolutionary War. Greene County was established on March 24, 1803.Greene County is part... |
|
| Ross Ross County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 73,345 people, 27,136 households, and 19,185 families residing in the county. The population density was 106 people per square mile . There were 29,461 housing units at an average density of 43 per square mile... , Gallia Gallia County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 31,069 people, 12,060 households, and 8,586 families residing in the county. The population density was 66 people per square mile . There were 13,498 housing units at an average density of 29 per square mile... , Athens Athens County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 62,223 people, 22,501 households, and 12,713 families residing in the county. The population density was 123 people per square mile . There were 24,901 housing units at an average density of 49 per square mile... , Washington Washington County, Ohio Washington County is a county located in the state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 61,778. Its county seat is Marietta. The county, the oldest in the state, is named for George Washington. Washington County is included in the Parkersburg-Marietta-Vienna, West Virginia-Ohio... , Scioto Scioto County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 79,195 people, 30,871 households, and 21,362 families residing in the county. The population density was 129 people per square mile . There were 34,054 housing units at an average density of 56 per square mile... , Pickaway Pickaway County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 52,727 people, 17,599 households, and 13,287 families residing in the county. The population density was 105 people per square mile . There were 18,596 housing units at an average density of 37 per square mile... |
|
| Muskingum Muskingum County, Ohio Muskingum County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 86,074. Its county seat is Zanesville... , Guernsey Guernsey County, Ohio Guernsey County is a county located in the state of Ohio. As of 2010, the population was 40,087. Its county seat is Cambridge and is named for the Isle of Guernsey in the English Channel, from which many of the county's early settlers came.... , Coshocton Coshocton County, Ohio Coshocton County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 36,901. Its county seat is Coshocton. Its name comes from the Delaware Indian language and has been translated as "union of waters" or "black bear crossing".The Coshocton... , Belmont Belmont County, Ohio Belmont County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. It is part of the Wheeling, West Virginia Metropolitan Statistical Area. As of 2010, the population was 70,400. Its county seat is St. Clairsville... , Jefferson Jefferson County, Ohio Jefferson County is a county located in the state of Ohio. As of 2010, the population was 69,709. Its county seat is Steubenville and is named for Thomas Jefferson, who was at the time Vice President.... |
|
| Licking Licking County, Ohio Licking County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 166,492. Its county seat is Newark and is named for the salt licks that were in the area.... , Delaware Delaware County, Ohio Delaware County is a fast-growing suburban county in the state of Ohio, United States, within the Columbus, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area. According to the United States Census Bureau's 2004 population estimates, Delaware County's population of 142,503 made it the fastest growing county in... , Franklin Franklin County, Ohio Franklin County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. In 2010 the population was 1,163,414, making it the second largest county in Ohio and the 34th largest county in population in the United States. Franklin County is also the largest in the eight-county Columbus, Ohio... , Madison Madison County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 40,213 people, 13,672 households, and 10,035 families residing in the county. The population density was 86 people per square mile . There were 14,399 housing units at an average density of 31 per square mile... , Fairfield Fairfield County, Ohio Fairfield County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of 2010, the population was 146,156. Its county seat is Lancaster. Its name is a reference to the Fairfield area of the original Lancaster.... , Champaign Champaign County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 38,890 people, 14,952 households, and 10,870 families residing in the county. The population density was 91 people per square mile . There were 15,890 housing units at an average density of 37 per square mile... , Montgomery Montgomery County, Ohio Montgomery County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. The population was 535,153 in the 2010 Census. It was named in honor of Richard Montgomery, an American Revolutionary War general killed in 1775 while attempting to capture Quebec City, Canada. The county seat is Dayton... , Miami Miami County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 98,868 people, 38,437 households, and 27,943 families residing in the county. The population density was 243 people per square mile . There were 40,554 housing units at an average density of 100 per square mile... , Darke Darke County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 53,309 people, 20,419 households, and 14,905 families residing in the county. The population density was 89 people per square mile . There were 21,583 housing units at an average density of 36 per square mile... |
|
| Tuscarawas Tuscarawas County, Ohio Tuscarawas County is a county located in the eastern part of the state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 92,582. Its county seat is New Philadelphia... , Stark Stark County, Ohio Stark County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 375,586. It is included in the Canton-Massillon, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area.... , Columbiana Columbiana County, Ohio Columbiana County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of 2010, the population was 107,841. It is named for Christopher Columbus and the county seat is Lisbon.... , Portage Portage County, Ohio Portage County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. The population was 152,061 at the 2000 Census and 161,419 at the 2010 Census. Its county seat is Ravenna. Portage County is named for the portage between the Cuyahoga and Tuscarawas Rivers... , Trumbull Trumbull County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 225,116 people, 89,020 households, and 61,690 families residing in the county. The population density was 365 people per square mile . There were 95,117 housing units at an average density of 154 per square mile... , Cuyahoga Cuyahoga County, Ohio Cuyahoga County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. It is the most populous county in Ohio; as of the 2010 census, the population was 1,280,122. Its county seat is Cleveland. Cuyahoga County is part of Greater Cleveland, a metropolitan area, and Northeast Ohio, a... , Geauga Geauga County, Ohio Geauga County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 93,389. It is named for a Native American word meaning "raccoon". The county seat is Chardon... , Ashtabula Ashtabula County, Ohio Ashtabula County is the northeasternmost county in the state of Ohio. As of 2010, the population was 101,497, its county seat is Jefferson. The county is named for a Native American word meaning "river of many fish".... , Knox Knox County, Ohio Knox County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of 2010, the population was 60,921. Its county seat is Mount Vernon and is named for Henry Knox, an officer in the American Revolutionary War who was later the first Secretary of War.... , Wayne Wayne County, Ohio Wayne County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States, and is named for General "Mad" Anthony Wayne. As of the 2010 census, the population was 114,520. Its county seat is Wooster.... , Richland Richland County, Ohio Richland County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 124,475. It is included in the Mansfield, Ohio, Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Mansfield–Bucyrus Combined Statistical Area.... |
Second Apportionment — 1822 to 1832
The second apportionment was made on 22 May, 1822. The official report of the Fourth Federal CensusUnited States Census, 1820
The United States Census of 1820 was the fourth Census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on August 7, 1820 The total population was determined to be 9,638,453 of which 1,538,022 were slaves...
not having been received in time for consideration and action at the regular session, the state legislature was assembled in extraordinary session for that purpose. The state then contained 66 organized counties, and was divided into 14 districts.
| Ohio Congressional Districts 1822–1832 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| Hamilton, Clermont | |
| Warren, Butler | |
| Preble, Miami, Mercer Mercer County, Ohio Mercer County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. Its county seat is Celina and is named for Hugh Mercer, an officer in the American Revolutionary War.The Celina Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Mercer County.-Geography:... , Van Wert, Paulding Paulding County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 20,293 people, 7,773 households, and 5,689 families residing in the county. The population density was 49 people per square mile . There were 8,478 housing units at an average density of 20 per square mile... , Williams Williams County, Ohio Williams County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of 2010, the population was 37,642. Its county seat is Bryan and is named for David Williams, one of the captors of John André in the American Revolutionary War.-Geography:According to the U.S... , Shelby Shelby County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 47,910 people, 17,636 households, and 13,085 families residing in the county. The population density was 117 people per square mile . There were 18,682 housing units at an average density of 46 per square mile... , Allen Allen County, Ohio Allen County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. Its population was 106,331 as of the 2010 census. It is included in the Lima, Ohio Metropolitan Statistical Area as well as the Lima–Van Wert–Wapakoneta Combined Statistical Area.... , Montgomery, Putnam Putnam County, Ohio Putnam County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 34,499. The name is in honor of Israel Putnam, who was a hero in the French and Indian War and a general in the American Revolutionary War. Its county seat is... . |
|
| Greene, Clark Clark County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 144,742 people, 56,648 households, and 39,370 families residing in the county. The population density was 362 people per square mile . There were 61,056 housing units at an average density of 153 per square mile... , Champaign, Madison, Union Union County, Ohio Union County is a county located in the US state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 52,300. Increasingly becoming more of a suburban county, the population was estimated at 47,234 in 2007 by the U.S. Census Bureau... , Logan Logan County, Ohio Logan County is a county in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 45,858. The county seat is Bellefontaine. The county is named for Benjamin Logan, who fought Native Americans in the area.... , Hardin Hardin County, Ohio Hardin County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 32,058. Its county seat is Kenton and is named for John Hardin, an officer in the American Revolution.-Geography:According to the U.S... . |
|
| Brown Brown County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 42,285 people, 15,555 households, and 11,790 families residing in the county. The population density was 86 people per square mile . There were 17,193 housing units at an average density of 35 per square mile... , Adams, Highland, Clinton. |
|
| Ross, Fayette, Pickaway, Hocking Hocking County, Ohio Hocking County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of 2010, the population was 29,380. Its county seat is Logan. Its name is from the Hocking River, the origins of which are disputed but is said to be a Delaware Indian word meaning "bottle river".-Geography:According to the... . |
|
| Scioto, Pike Pike County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 27,695 people, 10,444 households, and 7,665 families residing in the county. The population density was 63 people per square mile . There were 11,602 housing units at an average density of 26 per square mile... , Lawrence Lawrence County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 62,319 people, 24,732 households, and 17,807 families residing in the county. The population density was 137 people per square mile . There were 27,189 housing units at an average density of 60 per square mile... , Jackson Jackson County, Ohio Jackson County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of 2010, the population was 33,225. Its county seat is Jackson and is named for Andrew Jackson, a hero of the War of 1812 who was subsequently elected President of the United States.... , Gallia, Meigs Meigs County, Ohio Meigs County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 23,770. Its county seat is Pomeroy, and it is named for Return J. Meigs, Jr., the 4th Governor of Ohio.-Geography:... , Athens, Washington. |
|
| Franklin, Licking, Knox, Delaware, Coshocton, Marion Marion County, Ohio Marion County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 66,501. Its county seat is the city of Marion and is named for General Francis "The Swamp Fox" Marion, an officer in the Revolutionary War.... , Crawford Crawford County, Ohio Crawford County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. It was named for Colonel William Crawford, a soldier during the American Revolution.... . |
|
| Fairfield, Perry Perry County, Ohio Perry County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. Founded on March 1, 1818, it was the 55th county to be formed in Ohio. Portions of Fairfield, Washington and Muskingum Counties were taken to create Perry County. As of the 2010 census, the population was 36,058. Its county seat... , Muskingum. |
|
| Guernsey, Belmont, Morgan Morgan County, Ohio **----... , Monroe Monroe County, Ohio Monroe County is a county located in the state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,642. Its county seat is Woodsfield and is named for James Monroe, Secretary of State when the county was formed and later President of the United States.... . |
|
| Jefferson, Harrison, Tuscarawas. | |
| Columbiana, Stark, Wayne. | |
| Trumbull, Portage, Geauga, Ashtabula. | |
| Cuyahoga, Medina, Richland, Huron, Sandusky Sandusky -Cities and towns:* Sandusky, Indiana* Sandusky, Michigan* Sandusky, Ohio* Sandusky, Wisconsin-Townships:* Sandusky Township, Crawford County, Ohio* Sandusky Township, Richland County, Ohio* Sandusky Township, Sandusky County, Ohio-People:... , Seneca Seneca County, Ohio Seneca County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 56,745. Its county seat is Tiffin and it is named for the Seneca Indians.The Tiffin Micropolitan Statistical Area includes all of Seneca County.... . |
Third Apportionment — 1832 to 1842
On 4 June 1832, the legislature convened in extraordinary session for the second time for the purpose of apportioning the state into congressional districts and continued in session 10 days to complete the apportionment.There were 74 organized counties and they were divided into 19 districts based on the Fifth Federal Census
United States Census, 1830
The United States Census of 1830 was the fifth Census conducted in the United States. It was conducted on June 1, 1830. It determined the population of the 24 states to be 12,866,020 of which 2,009,043 were slaves. The center of population was about 170 miles west of Washington, D.C...
.
| Ohio Congressional Districts 1832–1842 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| Hamilton. | |
| Butler, Preble, Darke. | |
| Mercer, Van Wert, Paulding, Williams, Henry Henry County, Ohio Henry County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 28,215. Its county seat is Napoleon and is named for Patrick Henry, the Virginian famous for his "give me liberty or give me death" speech.... , Wood Wood County, Ohio Wood County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 125,488. Its county seat is Bowling Green. The county was named for Captain Eleazer D. Wood, the engineer for General William Henry Harrison's army, who built Fort Meigs in the War of 1812... , Putnam, Allen, Shelby, Montgomery, Miami. |
|
| Warren, Clinton, Highland. | |
| Brown, Clermont, Adams | |
| Monroe, Lawrence, Gallia, Meigs Meigs County, Ohio Meigs County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 23,770. Its county seat is Pomeroy, and it is named for Return J. Meigs, Jr., the 4th Governor of Ohio.-Geography:... , Washington, Athens. |
|
| Jackson, Pike, Ross, Scioto, Fayette. | |
| Madison, Pickaway, Franklin, Delaware, Marion. | |
| Perry, Morgan, Fairfield, Hocking. | |
| Union, Hardin, Hancock Hancock County, Ohio Hancock County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 74,782. Its county seat is Findlay and was named for John Hancock, the first signer of the Declaration of Independence... , Logan, Champaign, Clark, Greene. |
|
| Guernsey, Belmont. | |
| Muskingum, Licking. | |
| Coshocton, Knox, Tuscarawas, Holmes Holmes County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 38,943 people, 11,337 households, and 9,194 families residing in the county. The population density was 92 people per square mile . There were 12,280 housing units at an average density of 29 per square mile... . |
|
| Crawford, Richland, Seneca, Huron, Sandusky. | |
| Lorain Lorain County, Ohio Lorain County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio, and is considered to be a part of what is locally referred to as Greater Cleveland. As of the 2010 census, its population was 301,356. an increase from 284,664 in 2000... , Cuyahoga, Portage, Medina. |
|
| Geauga, Ashtabula, Trumbull. | |
| Columbiana. | |
| Stark, Wayne. | |
| Jefferson, Harrison. |
Fourth Apportionment — 1842 to 1845
The fourth apportionment for Congress was made at the fourth extraordinary session of the legislature, convened for the purpose on 25 July, 1842. The legislature in 1842 contained a DemocraticDemocratic Party (United States)
The Democratic Party is one of two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The party's socially liberal and progressive platform is largely considered center-left in the U.S. political spectrum. The party has the lengthiest record of continuous...
majority and the apportionment debate acrimonious, the Whigs
Whig Party (United States)
The Whig Party was a political party of the United States during the era of Jacksonian democracy. Considered integral to the Second Party System and operating from the early 1830s to the mid-1850s, the party was formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic...
denouncing the proposed redistricting as unfair and grossly partisan. Consequently the session ran until August 12.
This adjustment of the congressional districts subsequently became the excuse for a number of the most notorious gerrymanders
Gerrymandering
In the process of setting electoral districts, gerrymandering is a practice that attempts to establish a political advantage for a particular party or group by manipulating geographic boundaries to create partisan, incumbent-protected districts...
at the hands of the leaders of both parties in later years.
There were 78 organized counties, which were divided into 21 districts based on the Sixth Federal Census
United States Census, 1840
The United States Census of 1840 was the sixth census of the United States. Conducted by the Bureau of the Census on June 1, 1840, it determined the resident population of the United States to be 17,069,453 — an increase of 32.7 percent over the 12,866,020 persons enumerated during the 1830...
.
| Ohio Congressional Districts 1842–1845 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| First | Hamilton. |
| Second | Butler, Preble, Darke. |
| Third | Warren, Montgomery, Clinton, Greene. |
| Fourth | Miami, Clark, Champaign, Madison, Union, Logan. |
| Fifth | Mercer, Van Wert, Paulding, Williams, Lucas Lucas County, Ohio ----... , Henry, Putnam, Allen, Shelby, Hardin, Defiance Defiance County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 39,500 people, 15,138 households, and 11,020 families residing in the county. The population density was 96 people per square mile . There were 16,040 housing units at an average density of 39 per square mile... . |
| Sixth | Wood, Hancock, Crawford, Seneca, Sandusky, Ottawa Ottawa County, Ohio Ottawa County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 41,428. Its county seat is Port Clinton and is named either for the Ottawa Indians who lived there, or for an Indian word meaning "trader".... . |
| Seventh | Clermont, Brown, Highland, Adams. |
| Eighth | Pike, Jackson, Hocking, Ross. |
| Ninth | Fayette, Pickaway, Fairfield. |
| Tenth | Franklin, Licking, Knox. |
| Eleventh | Delaware, Marion, Richland. |
| Twelfth | Scioto, Lawrence, Gallia, Meigs, Athens. |
| Thirteenth | Perry, Morgan, Washington. |
| Fourteenth | Muskingum, Guernsey. |
| Fifteenth | Belmont, Harrison, Monroe. |
| Sixteenth | Holmes, Coshocton, Tuscarawas. |
| Seventeenth | Jefferson, Carroll Carroll County, Ohio Carroll County is a county located in the state of Ohio. As of 2010, the population was 28,836, no change from 2000. Its county seat is Carrollton. It is named for Charles Carroll of Carrollton, the last surviving signer of the Declaration of Independence.... , Columbiana. |
| Eighteenth | Stark, Wayne. |
| Nineteenth | Trumbull, Portage, Summit Summit County, Ohio Summit County is an urban county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2000 census, the population was 542,899. In the 2010 Census the population was 541,781. Its county seat is Akron... , Mahoning. |
| Twentieth | Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake Lake County, Ohio Lake County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of 2010, the population was 230,041. The county seat is Painesville, and the county name comes from its location on the southern shore of Lake Erie.... , Ashtabula. |
| Twenty-first | Medina, Lorain, Huron, Erie Erie County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 79,551 people, 31,727 households, and 21,764 families residing in the county. The population density was 312 people per square mile . There were 35,909 housing units at an average density of 141 per square mile... . |
Fifth Apportionment — 1845 to 1852
The legislature in 1842 had a Democratic majority and the apportionment had been denounced by the Whigs as unfair and grossly partisan. In 1844–1845, control of the legislature was in Whig hands. On 12 March, 1845, the Whigs proceeded to readjust the congressional districts, the first use of the implied legislative power to redistrict at any time, not bound strictly to the federal census. The legislature added one county to the list of those already organized.| Ohio Congressional Districts 1845–1852 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| First | Hamilton. |
| Second | Butler, Warren, Clinton. |
| Third | Montgomery, Greene, Preble, Darke. |
| Fourth | Miami, Clark, Champaign. |
| Fifth | Mercer, Van Wert, Paulding, Williams, Lucas, Putnam, Henry, Allen, Shelby, Hardin, Defiance. |
| Sixth | Wood, Hancock, Crawford, Seneca, Sandusky, Ottawa, Wyandot Wyandot County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 22,908 people, 8,882 households, and 6,270 families residing in the county. The population density was 56 people per square mile . There were 9,324 housing units at an average density of 23 per square mile... . |
| Seventh | Clermont, Highland, Brown, Adams. |
| Eighth | Pike, Jackson, Ross, Scioto. |
| Ninth | Fayette, Pickaway, Fairfield. |
| Tenth | Franklin, Licking, Delaware. |
| Eleventh | Knox, Marion, Richland. |
| Twelfth | Hocking, Lawrence, Gallia, Meigs. |
| Thirteenth | Perry, Morgan, Washington. |
| Fourteenth | Muskingum, Guernsey. |
| Fifteenth | Belmont, Harrison, Monroe. |
| Sixteenth | Holmes, Coshocton, Tuscarawas. |
| Seventeenth | Jefferson, Carroll, Columbiana. |
| Eighteenth | Stark, Wayne. |
| Nineteenth | Trumbull, Portage, Summit, Mahoning. |
| Twentieth | Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Ashtabula. |
| Twenty-first | Medina, Lorain, Huron, Erie. |
Sixth Apportionment — 1852 to 1862
On the 11 March, 1851, the eighty-eighth county was organized; no additional county has been created since then. The legislature of 1852–1853, the first elected under the new Ohio constitution, was Democratic and apportioned the state into 21 congressional districts under the Seventh Federal CensusUnited States Census, 1850
The United States Census of 1850 was the seventh census of the United States. Conducted by the Bureau of the Census on June 1, 1850, it determined the resident population of the United States to be 23,191,876 — an increase of 35.9 percent over the 17,069,453 persons enumerated during the 1840...
.
| Ohio Congressional Districts 1852–1862 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| First | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Second | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Third | Butler, Preble, Montgomery. |
| Fourth | Miami, Darke, Shelby, Auglaize Auglaize County, Ohio As of the census of 2000, there were 46,611 people, 17,376 households, and 12,771 families residing in the county. The population density was 116 people per square mile . There were 18,470 housing units at an average density of 46 per square mile... , Mercer, Allen. |
| Fifth | Van Wert, Paulding, Putnam, Defiance, William, Fulton Fulton County, Ohio Fulton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Ohio. As of 2010, the population was 42,698. Its county seat is Wauseon. Fulton County is named for Robert Fulton, inventor of the steamboat.... , Lucas, Wood, Henry, Hancock. |
| Sixth | Clermont, Brown, Highland, Adams. |
| Seventh | Warren, Clinton, Greene, Fayette, Madison. |
| Eighth | Clark, Champaign, Logan, Union, Delaware. |
| Ninth | Hardin, Marion, Wyandot, Crawford, Seneca, Sandusky, Ottawa. |
| Tenth | Scioto, Lawrence, Jackson, Pike, Ross. |
| Eleventh | Fairfield, Hocking, Perry, Athens, Vinton Vinton County, Ohio Vinton County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. As of the 2010 census, the population was 13,435. , the least populous in the state. Its county seat is McArthur. The county is named for Samuel Finley Vinton, a 19th-century United States Congressman from... , Meigs. |
| Twelfth | Franklin, Licking, Pickaway. |
| Thirteenth | Morrow Morrow County, Ohio Morrow County is a county located in the state of Ohio, United States. Shawnee people used the area for hunting purposes before white settlers arrived in the early 19th century. Morrow County was organized in 1848 from parts of four neighboring counties and named for Jeremiah Morrow, Governor of... , Richland, Huron, Erie. |
| Fourteenth | Lorain, Medina, Wayne, Ashland. |
| Fifteenth | Tuscarawas, Coshocton, Knox, Holmes. |
| Sixteenth | Morgan, Washington, Muskingum. |
| Seventeenth | Belmont, Guernsey, Monroe, Noble Noble County, Ohio Noble County is a county located in the state of Ohio. As of the 2010 census, the population was 14,645. Its county seat is Caldwell. Noble County is named for Rep. Warren P. Noble of the Ohio House of Representatives, who was an early settler there.-History:... , |
| Eighteenth | Portage, Stark, Summit. |
| Nineteenth | Cuyahoga, Lake, Geauga. |
| Twentieth | Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning. |
| Twenty-first | Columbiana, Jefferson, Carroll, Harrison. |
Seventh Apportionment — 1862 to 1872
The legislature elected in 1861 and serving during 1862 and 1863 was controlled by the Republican PartyRepublican Party (United States)
The Republican Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Democratic Party. Founded by anti-slavery expansion activists in 1854, it is often called the GOP . The party's platform generally reflects American conservatism in the U.S...
. The United States Congress had just passed an act increasing the ratio of representation, and this had the effect of reducing the number of Ohio representatives in Congress from 21 to 19, and in the rest of the Union proportionately. During the first session of the Fifty-fifth general assembly, in 1862, the state was apportioned into the 19 districts based on the Eighth Federal Census
United States Census, 1860
The United States Census of 1860 was the eighth Census conducted in the United States. It determined the population of the United States to be 31,443,321 — an increase of 35.4 percent over the 23,191,875 persons enumerated during the 1850 Census...
.
| Ohio Congressional Districts 1862–1872 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| First | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Second | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Third | Montgomery, Preble, Butler, Warren. |
| Fourth | Darke, Shelby, Logan, Champaign, Miami. |
| Fifth | Van Wert, Mercer, Allen, Auglaize, Hardin, Hancock, Wyandot. |
| Sixth | Clermont, Brown, Highland, Clinton, Fayette. |
| Seventh | Greene, Clark, Madison, Franklin. |
| Eighth | Union, Delaware, Marion, Morrow, Richland. |
| Ninth | Crawford, Huron, Seneca, Erie, Sandusky, Ottawa. |
| Tenth | Wood, Henry. Putnam, Lucas. Paulding, Defiance, Fulton, Williams. |
| Eleventh | Adams, Scioto, Lawrence, Gallia, Jackson, Vinton. |
| Twelfth | Pike, Ross, Hocking, Pickaway, Fairfield, Perry. |
| Thirteenth | Licking, Muskingum, Coshocton, Knox. |
| Fourteenth | Holmes, Ashland, Wayne, Medina, Lorain. |
| Fifteenth | Meigs, Athens, Washington, Morgan, Monroe. |
| Sixteenth | Guernsey, Belmont, Noble, Harrison, Tuscarawas. |
| Seventeenth | Jefferson, Carroll, Columbiana, Stark. |
| Eighteenth | Cuyahoga, Summit, Lake, Mahoning. |
| Nineteenth | Geauga, Ashtabula, Trumbull, Portage. |
Eighth Apportionment — 1872 to 1878
In the seventh decennial period, Ohio regained a congressman and was entitled to 20 representatives. The legislature chosen in 1871, and sitting in 1872–1873 was controlled by the Republican Party, and during the session of 1872 apportioned the state into twenty districts based on the Ninth Federal CensusUnited States Census, 1870
The United State Census of 1870 was the ninth United States Census. Conducted by the Census Bureau in June 1870, the 1870 Census was the first census to provide detailed information on the black population, only years after the culmination of the Civil War when slaves were granted freedom. The...
.
| Ohio Congressional Districts 1872–1878 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| First | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Second | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Third | Butler, Warren, Clinton, Fayette, Clermont. |
| Fourth | Darke, Preble, Montgomery, Greene. |
| Fifth | Defiance, Paulding, Putnam, Van Wert, Allen, Auglaize, Mercer, Shelby. |
| Sixth | Williams, Fulton, Henry, Wood, Lucas, Ottawa. |
| Seventh | Highland, Brown, Adams, Pike, Ross. |
| Eighth | Clark, Madison, Miami, Logan, Champaign. |
| Ninth | Hardin, Marion, Delaware, Union, Morrow, Knox. |
| Tenth | Hancock, Seneca, Sandusky, Erie, Huron. |
| Eleventh | Hocking, Vinton, Jackson, Scioto, Lawrence, Gallia. |
| Twelfth | Franklin, Pickaway, Fairfield, Perry. |
| Thirteenth | Licking, Muskingum, Coshocton, Tuscarawas. |
| Fourteenth | Wyandot, Crawford, Richland, Ashland, Holmes. |
| Fifteenth | Meigs, Athens, Morgan, Monroe, Washington. |
| Sixteenth | Jefferson, Harrison, Belmont, Noble, Guernsey. |
| Seventeenth | Carroll, Stark, Columbiana, Mahoning. |
| Eighteenth | Lorain, Medina, Wayne, Summit. |
| Nineteenth | Ashtabula, Trumbull, Geauga, Lake, Portage. |
| Twentieth | Cuyahoga. |
Ninth Apportionment — 1878 to 1880
The Sixty-third general assembly, elected in 1877, was controlled by the Democratic Party, and following the precedent of the Whig legislature of 1845, at its session in 1878 it revised and recast the representative districts.The result of this readjustment of the districts was seen at the ensuing election. At the election in 1878, the head of the Republican state ticket received 274,120 votes, and the head of the Democratic ticket received 270,966 votes. Each party won ten seats. In contrast, using the earlier districting two years before in 1876, the heads of the tickets were similarly balanced (Republican 317,856, Democratic 311,220), yet voters elected 13 Republican 13 congressmen and seven Democrats.
| Ohio Congressional Districts 1878–1880 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| First | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Second | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Third | Montgomery, Butler, Warren. |
| Fourth | Greene, Clark, Champaign, Logan, Union. |
| Fifth | Preble, Darke, Miami, Shelby, Auglaize, Mercer. |
| Sixth | Van Wert, Allen, Putnam, Paulding, Williams, Henry, Fulton. |
| Seventh | Lucas, Hancock, Wood, Ottawa, Sandusky. |
| Eighth | Seneca, Crawford, Wyandot, Hardin, Marion, Morrow, |
| Ninth | Franklin, Pickaway, Madison, Delaware, Fayette. |
| Tenth | Fairfield, Hocking, Vinton, Gallia, Meigs. |
| Eleventh | Clermont, Brown, Adams, Highland, Clinton. |
| Twelfth | Scioto, Pike, Jackson, Ross, Lawrence. |
| Thirteenth | Monroe, Noble, Morgan, Athens, Washington. |
| Fourteenth | Guernsey, Muskingum, Licking, Perry. |
| Fifteenth | Richland, Knox, Holmes, Coshocton, Tuscarawas. |
| Sixteenth | Ashland, Wayne, Stark, Portage. |
| Seventeenth | Erie, Huron, Lorain, Medina, Summit. |
| Eighteenth | Carroll, Columbiana, Jefferson, Harrison, Belmont. |
| Nineteenth | Geauga, Lake, Ashtabula, Trumbull, Mahoning. |
| Twentieth | Cuyahoga. |
Tenth Apportionment — 1880 to 1882
A Republican legislature was elected in 1879, and sat in 1880–1881. It proceeded at its first session to redistrict the state, and its effect upon the political campaign of the congressional delegation was pronounced. The vote for the head of the ticket was: Republican, 362,021; Democratic, 343,016. Instead of 10 members to each of the parties as in the election of 1878, the Republicans secured 14 and the Democrats 6.| Ohio Congressional Districts 1880–1882 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| First | Hamilton (a part of), |
| Second | Hamilton (a part of), |
| Third | Butler, Warren, Clinton, Fayette |
| Fourth | Darke, Preble, Montgomery, Greene. |
| Fifth | Defiance, Paulding, Putnam, Van Wert, Allen, Auglaize, Mercer, Shelby. |
| Sixth | Fulton, Henry, Wood, Lucas, Ottawa, Williams. |
| Seventh | Highland, Brown, Adams, Pike |
| Eighth | Clark, Madison, Miami, Logan, Champaign. |
| Ninth | Hardin, Marion, Union, Knox, Delaware, Morrow. |
| Tenth | Hancock, Seneca, Erie, Huron, Sandusky. |
| Eleventh | Hocking, Vinton, Jackson, Scioto, Lawrence, Gallia. |
| Twelfth | Franklin, Pickaway, Fairfield, Perry |
| Thirteenth | Licking, Muskingum, Coshocton, Tuscarawas. |
| Fourteenth | Wyandot, Crawford, Richland, Holmes, Ashland. |
| Fifteenth | Meigs, Athens, Morgan, Monroe, Washington. |
| Sixteenth | Jefferson, Harrison, Belmont, Noble, Guernsey. |
| Seventeenth | Carroll, Stark, Columbiana, Mahoning. |
| Eighteenth | Lorain, Medina, Wayne, Summit. |
| Nineteenth | Trumbull, Portage, Geauga, Lake, Ashtabula. |
| Twentieth | Cuyahoga. |
Eleventh Apportionment — 1882 to 1884
With the beginning of the eighth decennial period, Ohio was entitled to an additional representative in congress following the Tenth Federal CensusUnited States Census, 1880
The United States Census of 1880 was the tenth United States Census conducted by the Census Bureau during June 1880. It was the first time that women were permitted to be enumerators...
, and there were 21 districts to be created. The legislature elected in 1882, and which met in 1883, was controlled by the Republican Party.
| Ohio Congressional Districts 1882–1884 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| First | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Second | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Third | Preble, Montgomery, Miami. |
| Fourth | Darke, Shelby, Mercer, Auglaize. |
| Fifth | Putnam, Hancock, Wyandot, Seneca, Crawford. |
| Sixth | Wood, Fulton, Williams, Henry, Defiance, Paulding, Van Wert. |
| Seventh | Butler, Greene, Clermont, Warren. |
| Eighth | Clark, Champaign, Logan, Madison, Pickaway. |
| Ninth | Knox, Delaware, Morrow, Union, Marion, Hardin. |
| Tenth | Sandusky, Ottawa, Lucas, Erie. |
| Eleventh | Adams, Scioto, Lawrence, Gallia, Jackson, Vinton. |
| Twelfth | Clinton, Highland, Fayette, Ross, Brown, Pike. |
| Thirteenth | Fairfield, Franklin, Hocking, Perry. |
| Fourteenth | Richland, Ashland, Huron, Lorain. |
| Fifteenth | Meigs, Athens, Morgan, Monroe, Washington. |
| Sixteenth | Licking, Muskingum, Coshocton, Holmes, Tuscarawas. |
| Seventeenth | Belmont, Harrison, Jefferson, Noble, Guernsey. |
| Eighteenth | Carroll, Columbiana, Mahoning, Stark. |
| Nineteenth | Portage, Lake, Geauga, Ashtabula, Trumbull. |
| Twentieth | Summit, Wayne, Medina, Cuyahoga (a part of). |
| Twenty-first | Cuyahoga (a part of). |
Twelfth Apportionment — 1884 to 1886
The Sixty-sixth general assembly, 1884–1885, elected in 1883, was Democratic. However, reapportionment by the Democrats in 1884 did not work to their benefit politically. Under the Republican apportionment of 1882, 12 Democrats were elected as Congressmen to 5 for the Republicans. After the twelfth apportionment in 1884, the seats held stood Democrats 10, Republicans 11 even though the head of the Democratic state ticket received 316,874 votes to the Republicans 297,759. In 1884, the head of the Republican state ticket had received 391,597 and the Democratic ticket 380,355. There may have been local factors in 1884.| Ohio Congressional Districts 1884–1886 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| First | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Second | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Third | Butler, Preble, Warren, Clermont. |
| Fourth | Montgomery, Miami, Darke. |
| Fifth | Shelby, Mercer, Auglaize, Allen, Logan, Hardin. |
| Sixth | Williams, Defiance, Paulding, Van Wert, Putnam, Henry, Fulton. |
| Seventh | Wood, Seneca, Hancock, Wyandot, Crawford. |
| Eighth | Champaign, Clark, Greene, Clinton, Fayette. |
| Ninth | Marion, Union, Delaware, Morrow, Knox, Madison. |
| Tenth | Lucas, Ottawa, Sandusky, Erie. |
| Eleventh | Ross, Highland, Brown, Adams. |
| Twelfth | Vinton, Pike, Jackson, Scioto, Lawrence. |
| Thirteenth | Franklin, Fairfield, Pickaway, Hocking. |
| Fourteenth | Perry, Morgan, Athens, Meigs, Gallia. |
| Fifteenth | Tuscarawas, Coshocton, Licking, Muskingum. |
| Sixteenth | Lorain, Huron, Ashland, Richland, Holmes. |
| Seventeenth | Guernsey, Belmont, Noble, Monroe, Washington. |
| Eighteenth | Mahoning, Columbiana, Carroll, Harrison, Jefferson. |
| Nineteenth | Ashtabula, Trumbull, Geauga, Lake, Portage, Cuyahoga (a part of). |
| Twentieth | Summit, Medina, Stark, Wayne. |
| Twenty-first | Cuyahoga (a part of). |
Thirteenth Apportionment — 1886 to 1890
The Republicans controlled the legislature elected in 1885, and revised the Democratic apportionment of 1884 as soon as the general assembly organized in 1885. At the congressional election in 1886, under this apportionment voters elected 15 Republicans congressmen and 6 Democrats, as against 11 Republicans and 10 Democrats two years previously, even though the vote for the head of the Republican ticket in 1886 was 341,095 and for the head of the Democratic ticket, 329,314.| Ohio Congressional Districts 1886–1890 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| First | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Second | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Third | Preble, Miami, Montgomery. |
| Fourth | Darke, Shelby, Mercer, Auglaize. |
| Fifth | Putnam, Hancock, Wyandot, Seneca, Crawford. |
| Sixth | Wood, Fulton, Williams, Henry, Defiance, Paulding, Van Wert. |
| Seventh | Butler, Greene, Clermont, Warren. |
| Eighth | Clark, Pickaway, Champaign, Logan, Madison. |
| Ninth | Knox, Delaware, Morrow, Union, Marion, Hardin. |
| Tenth | Sandusky, Ottawa, Lucas, Erie. |
| Eleventh | Adams, Scioto, Lawrence, Gallia, Jackson, Vinton. |
| Twelfth | Clinton, Highland, Fayette, Brown, Ross, Pike. |
| Thirteenth | Franklin, Fairfield, Hocking, Perry. |
| Fourteenth | Richland, Ashland, Huron, Lorain. |
| Fifteenth | Meigs, Athens, Morgan, Monroe, Washington. |
| Sixteenth | Licking, Muskingum, Coshocton, Holmes, Tuscarawas. |
| Seventeenth | Belmont, Harrison, Jefferson, Noble, Guernsey. |
| Eighteenth | Carroll, Columbiana, Mahoning, Stark. |
| Nineteenth | Portage, Lake, Geauga, Ashtabula, Trumbull. |
| Twentieth | Summit, Wayne, Medina, Cuyahoga (a part of). |
| Twenty-first | Cuyahoga (a part. of). |
Fourteenth Apportionment — 1890 to 1892
In 1889 the Democrats elected a majority of the legislature, which met in 1890, and revised and reapportioned the state. Under this apportionment, voters elected 14 Democratic congressmen and 7 Republicans in 1890, when the vote for the respective heads of the Republican and Democratic state tickets stood: Republican, 363,584; Democratic, 352,579.| Ohio Congressional Districts 1890–1892 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| First | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Second | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Third | Butler, Montgomery, Warren. |
| Fourth | Champaign, Darke, Mercer, Miami, Preble, Shelby. |
| Fifth | Allen, Auglaize, Hardin, Logan, Putnam, Van Wert. |
| Sixth | Defiance, Paulding, Fulton, Henry, Williams, Wood. |
| Seventh | Erie, Lucas, Ottawa, Sandusky. |
| Eighth | Seneca, Marion, Hancock, Union, Wyandot. |
| Ninth | Franklin, Madison, Pickaway. |
| Tenth | Clark, Clinton, Fayette, Greene. |
| Eleventh | Adams, Brown, Clermont, Pike, Highland. |
| Twelfth | Athens, Gallia, Lawrence, Meigs, Scioto. |
| Thirteenth | Fairfield, Hocking, Jackson, Vinton, Morgan, Perry. |
| Fourteenth | Coshocton, Licking, Muskingum, Tuscarawas. |
| Fifteenth | Ashland, Crawford, Delaware, Knox, Morrow, Richland. |
| Sixteenth | Holmes, Medina, Wayne, Stark. |
| Seventeenth | Belmont, Noble, Monroe, Washington. |
| Eighteenth | Carroll, Columbiana, Guernsey, Harrison, Jefferson. |
| Nineteenth | Ashtabula, Geauga, Mahoning, Portage, Trumbull. |
| Twentieth | Huron, Lake, Portage, Mahoning, Cuyahoga (a part of). |
| Twenty-first | Cuyahoga (a part of). |
Fifteenth Apportionment — 1892 to 1902
The regular decennial apportionment under the Eleventh Federal CensusUnited States Census, 1890
The Eleventh United States Census was taken June 2, 1890. The data was tabulated by machine for the first time. The data reported that the distribution of the population had resulted in the disappearance of the American frontier...
was due to be made in 1892. The Republicans were again in control but in 1892 succeeded only in winning 9 seats, while the Democrats won 12. At the subsequent elections, however, the Republicans succeeded in increasing their delegation to as high as 15.
Between 1892 and 1900, there were no revisions of the apportionment only because the Democrats did not secure control of the legislature.
| Ohio Congressional Districts 1892–1902 | |
|---|---|
| District | Counties |
| First | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Second | Hamilton (a part of). |
| Third | Preble, Butler, Montgomery. |
| Fourth | Darke, Shelby, Mercer, Auglaize, Allen. |
| Fifth | Williams, Defiance, Henry, Paulding, Putnam, Van Wert. |
| Sixth | Greene, Warren, Clinton, Highland, Brown, Clermont. |
| Seventh | Miami, Clark, Madison, Fayette, Pickaway. |
| Eighth | Hancock, Hardin, Logan, Union, Champaign, Delaware. |
| Ninth | Lucas, Ottawa, Wood, Fulton. |
| Tenth | Pike, Jackson, Gallia, Lawrence, Adams, Scioto. |
| Eleventh | Meigs, Athens, Vinton, Ross, Hocking, Perry. |
| Twelfth | Franklin, Fairfield. |
| Thirteenth | Erie, Sandusky, Seneca, Crawford, Wyandot, Marion. |
| Fourteenth | Lorain, Huron, Ashland, Richland, Morrow, Knox. |
| Fifteenth | Washington, Morgan, Noble, Guernsey, Muskingum. |
| Sixteenth | Carroll, Jefferson, Harrison, Belmont, Monroe. |
| Seventeenth | Wayne, Holmes, Coshocton, Licking, Tuscarawas. |
| Eighteenth | Stark, Columbiana, Mahoning. |
| Nineteenth | Ashtabula, Geauga, Portage, Summit, Trumbull. |
| Twentieth | Lake, Medina, Cuyahoga (a part of). |
| Twenty-first | Cuyahoga (a part of). |
See also
- United States Congressional apportionmentUnited States congressional apportionmentUnited States congressional apportionment is the process by which seats in the United States House of Representatives are redistributed amongst the 50 states following each constitutionally mandated decennial census. Each state is apportioned a number of seats which approximately corresponds to its...
- RedistrictingRedistrictingRedistricting is the process of drawing United States electoral district boundaries, often in response to population changes determined by the results of the decennial census. In 36 states, the state legislature has primary responsibility for creating a redistricting plan, in many cases subject to...
- Ohio Apportionment BoardOhio Apportionment BoardThe Ohio Apportionment Board is an administrative body which draws the single-member legislative districts for the Ohio General Assembly every ten years following the census...