Hont
Encyclopedia
Hont is the name of a historic administrative county (comitatus
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
and then shortly of Czechoslovakia
. Its territory is presently in southern Slovakia
(3/4) and northern Hungary
(1/4).
Today, in Slovakia Hont is the informal designation of the corresponding territory.
Hont county shared borders with the counties Bars
(Tekov), Zólyom (Zvolen), Nógrád (Novohrad), Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun
and Esztergom. It was situated between Banská Štiavnica
and the Danube
river, but the territory around the town of Krupina
was added only at the end of the 19th century. The rivers Krupinica and Ipeľ
were the central rivers that flowed through the county. Its area was 2633 km² around 1910.
, then from the 16th century onwards there was no permanent capital, and finally since early 19th century, the capital was Šahy
(in Hungarian: Ipolyság).
county. Around the year 1300, the territory of Malohont
(Hungarian: Kishont) was added to the territory of the county, but received a special status. In 1802, Malohont became part of the Gemer-Malohont
county.
From 1552 to 1685, most of the county was part of the Ottoman Empire
and belonged to the administrative unit called Nógrád sandjak.
Changes to the northern border of the county were performed in 1802 and then in the late 19th century (above all Krupina was added to the territory).
In the aftermath of World War I
, most of Hont county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia, as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon
. A small part of the county situated south-east of the river Ipeľ
, stayed in Hungary
.
In Czechoslovakia, the county continued to exist as the Hont county (Hontianska župa). In 1923, it became part of the Zvolen county
. In 1928, it became part of the newly created Slovak Land (Slovenská krajina/zem). Following the provisions of the controversial First Vienna Award
, the southern part of Czechoslovak Hont came under Hungarian control in November 1938. The remaining northern part became part of the newly created Hron county (1940–1945) of Slovakia. After World War II, the Trianon borders were restored. In 1949, it became part of the newly created Nitra region and Banská Bystrica region of Czechoslovakia. In 1960, it became part of the newly created Western Slovak region and Central Slovak region. In 1993, Czechoslovakia
was split and in 1996 Hont became part of the newly created Nitra region
and Banská Bystrica region
of Slovakia
.
The Hungarian part of Hont merged with the Hungarian part of Nógrád
county to form Nógrád-Hont county. Between 1939 and 1945 it was united with the occupied parts of former Bars
and Hont counties to form Bars-Hont county (capital Levice
). Since 1950 the Hungarian part of Hont is divided between the present Hungarian counties Pest
and Nógrád
.
(in Slovak slúžnovské okresy; a type of districts led by "iudices nobilium") plus the Malohont district. In 1802, when Malohont was removed, the county was divided in four new processus.
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Hont county were:
The towns of Vámosmikola
and Szob
are presently in Hungary
.
Comitatus (Kingdom of Hungary)
A county is the name of a type of administrative units in the Kingdom of Hungary and in Hungary from the 10th century until the present day....
) of the Kingdom of Hungary
Kingdom of Hungary
The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...
and then shortly of Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
. Its territory is presently in southern Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
(3/4) and northern Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
(1/4).
Today, in Slovakia Hont is the informal designation of the corresponding territory.
Geography
Bars county
Bars is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in central and southern Slovakia...
(Tekov), Zólyom (Zvolen), Nógrád (Novohrad), Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun
Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun
Pest-Pilis-Solt-Kiskun is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in central Hungary, comprising the territory of the present Hungarian county Pest and the northern part of present Bács-Kiskun county...
and Esztergom. It was situated between Banská Štiavnica
Banská Štiavnica
Banská Štiavnica is a town in central Slovakia, in the middle of an immense caldera created by the collapse of an ancient volcano. For its size, the caldera is known as Štiavnica Mountains. Banská Štiavnica has a population of more than 10,000. It is a completely preserved medieval town...
and the Danube
Danube
The Danube is a river in the Central Europe and the Europe's second longest river after the Volga. It is classified as an international waterway....
river, but the territory around the town of Krupina
Krupina
Krupina is a town in southern central Slovakia. It is part of the Banská Bystrica Region and has 7,812 inhabitants as of 2005.-History:The territory of modern day Krupina was inhabited since the Neolithic, based on archaeological findings from the Bronze Age. The first written reference to the...
was added only at the end of the 19th century. The rivers Krupinica and Ipeľ
Ipel
Ipeľ or Ipoly is a 232 km long river in Slovakia and Hungary, tributary to the river Danube. Its source is in central Slovakia in the Slovenské rudohorie Mountains...
were the central rivers that flowed through the county. Its area was 2633 km² around 1910.
Capitals
The capitals of the county were the Hont Castle together with Ipeľské PredmostieIpelské Predmostie
Ipeľské Predmostie is a village and municipality in the Veľký Krtíš District of the Banská Bystrica Region of southern Slovakia.-History:In historical records, the village was first mentioned in 1252 when King Bela IV gave it to Count Myko. Before, it belonged to Hont. In castle. In 1438 it...
, then from the 16th century onwards there was no permanent capital, and finally since early 19th century, the capital was Šahy
Šahy
Šahy is a town in southern Slovakia, The town has an ethnic Hungarian majority and its population is 7,971 people , with an average age of 42.5.-Geography:...
(in Hungarian: Ipolyság).
History
The county arose in the 11th century by separation from the NógrádNógrád (county)
-Description:Nógrád county lies in northern Hungary. It shares borders with Slovakia and the Hungarian counties Pest, Heves and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. The capital of Nógrád county is Salgótarján. Its area is 2544 km²....
county. Around the year 1300, the territory of Malohont
Gemer
Gemer is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. In the 19th century, and in the beginning of the 20th century, it was united with the Kishont region to form Gömör-Kishont county . Its territory is presently in southern Slovakia and northern Hungary...
(Hungarian: Kishont) was added to the territory of the county, but received a special status. In 1802, Malohont became part of the Gemer-Malohont
Gömör-Kishont
Gömör-Kishont is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its capital was Rimaszombat...
county.
From 1552 to 1685, most of the county was part of the Ottoman Empire
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
and belonged to the administrative unit called Nógrád sandjak.
Changes to the northern border of the county were performed in 1802 and then in the late 19th century (above all Krupina was added to the territory).
In the aftermath of World War I
World War I
World War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
, most of Hont county became part of newly formed Czechoslovakia, as recognized by the concerned states in the 1920 Treaty of Trianon
Treaty of Trianon
The Treaty of Trianon was the peace agreement signed in 1920, at the end of World War I, between the Allies of World War I and Hungary . The treaty greatly redefined and reduced Hungary's borders. From its borders before World War I, it lost 72% of its territory, which was reduced from to...
. A small part of the county situated south-east of the river Ipeľ
Ipel
Ipeľ or Ipoly is a 232 km long river in Slovakia and Hungary, tributary to the river Danube. Its source is in central Slovakia in the Slovenské rudohorie Mountains...
, stayed in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
.
In Czechoslovakia, the county continued to exist as the Hont county (Hontianska župa). In 1923, it became part of the Zvolen county
Zvolen county
Zólyom county is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary...
. In 1928, it became part of the newly created Slovak Land (Slovenská krajina/zem). Following the provisions of the controversial First Vienna Award
First Vienna Award
The First Vienna Award was the result of the First Vienna Arbitration, which took place at Vienna's Belvedere Palace on November 2, 1938. The Arbitration and Award were direct consequences of the Munich Agreement...
, the southern part of Czechoslovak Hont came under Hungarian control in November 1938. The remaining northern part became part of the newly created Hron county (1940–1945) of Slovakia. After World War II, the Trianon borders were restored. In 1949, it became part of the newly created Nitra region and Banská Bystrica region of Czechoslovakia. In 1960, it became part of the newly created Western Slovak region and Central Slovak region. In 1993, Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia or Czecho-Slovakia was a sovereign state in Central Europe which existed from October 1918, when it declared its independence from the Austro-Hungarian Empire, until 1992...
was split and in 1996 Hont became part of the newly created Nitra region
Nitra Region
The Nitra Region is one of the administrative regions of Slovakia.-Geography:This region with a long history is situated in the southwest of Slovakia, mostly in the eastern part of the Danubian Lowland. It is divided into two sub-units: the Danubian Flat in the south-west, with eastern part of the...
and Banská Bystrica region
Banská Bystrica Region
The Banská Bystrica Region is one of the Slovak regions in the country of Slovakia in Europe.-Geography:It is located in the central part of Slovakia and has an area of 9,455 km². The region is prevailingly mountains, with several ranges within the area. The highest of them are the Low Tatras...
of Slovakia
Slovakia
The Slovak Republic is a landlocked state in Central Europe. It has a population of over five million and an area of about . Slovakia is bordered by the Czech Republic and Austria to the west, Poland to the north, Ukraine to the east and Hungary to the south...
.
The Hungarian part of Hont merged with the Hungarian part of Nógrád
Nógrád (county)
-Description:Nógrád county lies in northern Hungary. It shares borders with Slovakia and the Hungarian counties Pest, Heves and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. The capital of Nógrád county is Salgótarján. Its area is 2544 km²....
county to form Nógrád-Hont county. Between 1939 and 1945 it was united with the occupied parts of former Bars
Bars county
Bars is the name of a historic administrative county of the Kingdom of Hungary. Its territory is presently in central and southern Slovakia...
and Hont counties to form Bars-Hont county (capital Levice
Levice
Levice is a town in western Slovakia. The town lies on the left bank of the lower Hron river. The Old Slavic name of the town was Leva, which means "the Left One"....
). Since 1950 the Hungarian part of Hont is divided between the present Hungarian counties Pest
Pest (county)
Ethnic groups :*Magyars - 93.5%*Germans - 1.7%*Roma - 1.2%*Slovaks - 0.8%*Others - 0.5%*Unknown - 2.3%Religions :*Roman Catholic - 53%*Calvinist - 16%*Lutheran - 3.8%*Greek Catholic - 1.2%*Others - 1.3%...
and Nógrád
Nógrád (county)
-Description:Nógrád county lies in northern Hungary. It shares borders with Slovakia and the Hungarian counties Pest, Heves and Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén. The capital of Nógrád county is Salgótarján. Its area is 2544 km²....
.
Subdivisions
Until 1802, the county consisted of 3 processusesProcessus (Kingdom of Hungary)
The processus was the name of the lowest-level administrative unit in the Kingdom of Hungary between the 15th century and 1918.The counties in the Kingdom of Hungary were composed of processus, till 1848 led by noble judges...
(in Slovak slúžnovské okresy; a type of districts led by "iudices nobilium") plus the Malohont district. In 1802, when Malohont was removed, the county was divided in four new processus.
In the early 20th century, the subdivisions of Hont county were:
| Districts (járás) | |
|---|---|
| District | Capital |
| Bát | Bát, SK Slovak language Slovak , is an Indo-European language that belongs to the West Slavic languages .Slovak is the official language of Slovakia, where it is spoken by 5 million people... Bátovce Bátovce Bátovce is a village and municipality in the Levice District in the Nitra Region of Slovakia.-History:In historical records the village was first mentioned in 1037 as "FORUM REGINE". The second time Batovce was mentioned as "MERKATUM REGINE". In 1327 Hungarian King Karoly named Batovce as The Royal... |
| Ipolynyék | Ipolynyék, SK Vinica Vinica Vinica or Vinitsa may refer to:* Vinica , a place in the Tomislavgrad land council* Vinica, Črnomelj, a village in the Municipality of Črnomelj, Slovenia* Vinica, Macedonia, a town in the Vinica Municipality of Macedonia... |
| Ipolyság | Ipolyság, SK Šahy Šahy Šahy is a town in southern Slovakia, The town has an ethnic Hungarian majority and its population is 7,971 people , with an average age of 42.5.-Geography:... |
| Korpona | Korpona, SK Krupina Krupina Krupina is a town in southern central Slovakia. It is part of the Banská Bystrica Region and has 7,812 inhabitants as of 2005.-History:The territory of modern day Krupina was inhabited since the Neolithic, based on archaeological findings from the Bronze Age. The first written reference to the... |
| Szob | Szob Szob Szob is a town in Pest county, Hungary. It is just South and East of the Slovak border on the North Bank of the Danube. Szob is on a major electrified rail connection from Bratislava ands a major railway border crossing into Hungary. The border is located between Szob and Štúrovo... |
| Vámosmikola | Vámosmikola Vámosmikola Vámosmikola is a village and commune in the comitatus of Pest in Hungary.... |
| Urban counties (törvényhatósági jogú város) | |
| Selmec- és Bélabánya, SK Banská Štiavnica Banská Štiavnica Banská Štiavnica is a town in central Slovakia, in the middle of an immense caldera created by the collapse of an ancient volcano. For its size, the caldera is known as Štiavnica Mountains. Banská Štiavnica has a population of more than 10,000. It is a completely preserved medieval town... and Banská Belá Banská Belá Banská Belá is a village and municipality in Banská Štiavnica District, in the Banská Bystrica Region of central Slovakia. It has a population of 1,234.-History:... |
|
| Urban districts (rendezett tanácsú város) | |
| Korpona, SK Krupina Krupina Krupina is a town in southern central Slovakia. It is part of the Banská Bystrica Region and has 7,812 inhabitants as of 2005.-History:The territory of modern day Krupina was inhabited since the Neolithic, based on archaeological findings from the Bronze Age. The first written reference to the... |
|
The towns of Vámosmikola
Vámosmikola
Vámosmikola is a village and commune in the comitatus of Pest in Hungary....
and Szob
Szob
Szob is a town in Pest county, Hungary. It is just South and East of the Slovak border on the North Bank of the Danube. Szob is on a major electrified rail connection from Bratislava ands a major railway border crossing into Hungary. The border is located between Szob and Štúrovo...
are presently in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...
.