Hryhoriy Hulyanytsky
Encyclopedia
Hryhoriy Hulyanytsky (died 1679) was a
Ukrainian Cossack
, polkovnyk, a skilled warrior and a shrewd politician.
Hryhoriy Hulyanytsky was born to a family of small Ukrainian gentry in the town of Korsun, (now Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi
, Cherkasy Oblast
). His date of birth and earlier period of life is unknown.
During the Khmelnytsky Uprising
of 1648-54, Hulyanytsky was sent by hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky
's as envoy to Muscovy. He went to Moscow
on two occasions in 1649 and in 1654 to help negotiate the terms of the Treaty of Pereyaslav
.
Hryhoriy Hulyanytsky was appointed polkovnyk of Nizhyn
in (1655 – 1659), and polkovnyk of Korsun
regiments in (1662-1664).
With the onset of the period of Ukrainian history known as the Ruin
and during the civil war that followed, Hryhory Hulyanytsky was an ardent supporter of hetman Ivan Vyhovsky
and his pro-Polish policies. In particular, his participation was instrumental in defeat of pro-Moscow adversaries of Vyhovsky Martyn Pushkar
and Iakiv Barabash in 1657-1658.
During the civil war
and the Muscovite
invasion in 1658-1659 he made several daring attacks against invading forces and Moscow's supporters. Hylyanytsky was also among several prominent Cossacks, who wrote a famous letter to Ivan Bezpalyi - the then appointed hetman by Moscow - not to betray his country and Vyhovsky http://ukrlife.org/main/evshan/s1654_6.htm.
Hulyanytsky's most noted exploit during the Muscovite invasion was the defence of Konotop
. Hulyanytsky and his men (estimated to be around 4,000) held the fortress for seventy days against 150,000 strong army of Prince Trubetskoy
. Hryhoriy Hylyanytsky's stubborn defence of Konotop
was instrumental in defeating the invaders, when Ivan Vyhovsky
in alliance with Crimean Tatars
and Poles routed the Muscovite army by Konotop
on June 29, 1659.
However, with the downfall of Vyhovsky
that followed, Hulyanytsky was removed from his office by the new hetman. In 1659, Hulyanytsky allied himself with another hetman, Yurii Khmelnytsky
. An ardent opponent of Moscow, Hulyanytsky was of one several Cossacks, who on behalf of the hetman negotiated the conditions of new Chudnivsky Treaty with the Poles http://mova-historia.vlada.kiev.ua/17/Dovidn/Slobodyshchenskyj_traktat_1660.htm. The new treaty was similar in form to the Treaty of Hadiach
of 1658 but with far worse conditions for Ukraine
. Signing of this treaty by the hetman provoked a new round of civil war
.
With the downfall and removal from the office of Yurii Khmelnytsky
, Hulyanytsky served with another hetman Pavlo Teteria
(1663–1665). As hetman's envoy to Warsaw
, he persuaded the Polish King Jan Kazimierz to march on Ukraine
together with Teteria
in 1663-1664, which further inflamed the civil war without yielding any results.
The fate of Hryhory Hulyanytsky seem to resemble that of Ivan Vyhovsky
in that even though he was an ardent supporter of Poland
, just like Vyhovsky
he was also killed by the Poles. In 1679 he was accused by Poles of treason, jailed and then executed.
Ukrainian Cossack
Zaporozhian Host
The Zaporozhian Cossacks or simply Zaporozhians were Ukrainian Cossacks who lived beyond the rapids of the Dnieper river, the land also known as the Great Meadow in Central Ukraine...
, polkovnyk, a skilled warrior and a shrewd politician.
Hryhoriy Hulyanytsky was born to a family of small Ukrainian gentry in the town of Korsun, (now Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi
Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi
Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi is a city located in the Cherkasy Oblast in central Ukraine. The city rests on the banks of the Ros' River, and is the administrative center of the Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi Raion ....
, Cherkasy Oblast
Cherkasy Oblast
Cherkasy Oblast is an oblast of central Ukraine located along the Dnieper River. The administrative center of the oblast is the city of Cherkasy).-Geography:...
). His date of birth and earlier period of life is unknown.
During the Khmelnytsky Uprising
Khmelnytsky Uprising
The Khmelnytsky Uprising, was a Cossack rebellion in the Ukraine between the years 1648–1657 which turned into a Ukrainian war of liberation from Poland...
of 1648-54, Hulyanytsky was sent by hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Bohdan Khmelnytsky
Bohdan Zynoviy Mykhailovych Khmelnytsky was a hetman of the Zaporozhian Cossack Hetmanate of Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth . He led an uprising against the Commonwealth and its magnates which resulted in the creation of a Cossack state...
's as envoy to Muscovy. He went to Moscow
Moscow
Moscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
on two occasions in 1649 and in 1654 to help negotiate the terms of the Treaty of Pereyaslav
Treaty of Pereyaslav
The Treaty of Pereyaslav is known in history more as the Council of Pereiaslav.Council of Pereyalslav was a meeting between the representative of the Russian Tsar, Prince Vasili Baturlin who presented a royal decree, and Bohdan Khmelnytsky as the leader of Cossack Hetmanate. During the council...
.
Hryhoriy Hulyanytsky was appointed polkovnyk of Nizhyn
Nizhyn
Nizhyn is a city located in the Chernihiv Oblast of northern Ukraine, along the Oster River, north-east of the nation's capital, Kiev. It is the administrative center of the Nizhynsky Raion, though the city itself is also designated as a district in the oblast...
in (1655 – 1659), and polkovnyk of Korsun
Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi
Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi is a city located in the Cherkasy Oblast in central Ukraine. The city rests on the banks of the Ros' River, and is the administrative center of the Korsun-Shevchenkivskyi Raion ....
regiments in (1662-1664).
With the onset of the period of Ukrainian history known as the Ruin
The Ruin (Ukrainian history)
The Ruin is a period of Ukrainian history from the death of hetman Bohdan Khmelnitsky in 1657 and until ascension of hetman Ivan Mazepa in 1687. This period is characterised by continuous strife, civil war, and foreign intervention of Ukraine's neighbours...
and during the civil war that followed, Hryhory Hulyanytsky was an ardent supporter of hetman Ivan Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky was a hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks during three years of the Russo-Polish War . He was the successor to the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky...
and his pro-Polish policies. In particular, his participation was instrumental in defeat of pro-Moscow adversaries of Vyhovsky Martyn Pushkar
Martyn Pushkar
Martyn Pushkar was a polkovnyk of Poltava's Cossack regiment known for his loyalty to Muscovy. Together with Iakiv Barabash Pushkar led a pro-Muscovy uprising against Ukrainian hetman Ivan Vyhovsky in 1657. After inflicting several defeats on Vyhovsky's Cossacks and his Polish allies, Martyn...
and Iakiv Barabash in 1657-1658.
During the civil war
Civil war
A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same nation state or republic, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly-united nation state....
and the Muscovite
Muscovite
Muscovite is a phyllosilicate mineral of aluminium and potassium with formula KAl22, or 236. It has a highly-perfect basal cleavage yielding remarkably-thin laminæ which are often highly elastic...
invasion in 1658-1659 he made several daring attacks against invading forces and Moscow's supporters. Hylyanytsky was also among several prominent Cossacks, who wrote a famous letter to Ivan Bezpalyi - the then appointed hetman by Moscow - not to betray his country and Vyhovsky http://ukrlife.org/main/evshan/s1654_6.htm.
Hulyanytsky's most noted exploit during the Muscovite invasion was the defence of Konotop
Battle of Konotop
The Battle of Konotop or Battle of Sosnivka was fought between a coalition led by the Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks Ivan Vyhovsky and cavalry units of the Russian Tsardom, led by Semyon Pozharsky and Semyon Lvov, on June 29, 1659 near the town of Konotop, Ukraine, during the Polish-Russian War...
. Hulyanytsky and his men (estimated to be around 4,000) held the fortress for seventy days against 150,000 strong army of Prince Trubetskoy
Aleksey Trubetskoy
Aleksey Nikitich Trubetskoy was the last Prince of Trubetsk 1634–1645, and 17 March 1660 – June 1672, the godfather of Peter I of Russia.Under Tsar Michael's rule Aleksey...
. Hryhoriy Hylyanytsky's stubborn defence of Konotop
Konotop
Konotop is a city in northern Ukraine within the Sumy Oblast. Konotop is the center of the Konotop Raion , and is located about 129 km from Sumy, the Oblast capital. It is host to Konotop air base.-History:...
was instrumental in defeating the invaders, when Ivan Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky was a hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks during three years of the Russo-Polish War . He was the successor to the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky...
in alliance with Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars
Crimean Tatars or Crimeans are a Turkic ethnic group that originally resided in Crimea. They speak the Crimean Tatar language...
and Poles routed the Muscovite army by Konotop
Battle of Konotop
The Battle of Konotop or Battle of Sosnivka was fought between a coalition led by the Hetman of Ukrainian Cossacks Ivan Vyhovsky and cavalry units of the Russian Tsardom, led by Semyon Pozharsky and Semyon Lvov, on June 29, 1659 near the town of Konotop, Ukraine, during the Polish-Russian War...
on June 29, 1659.
However, with the downfall of Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky was a hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks during three years of the Russo-Polish War . He was the successor to the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky...
that followed, Hulyanytsky was removed from his office by the new hetman. In 1659, Hulyanytsky allied himself with another hetman, Yurii Khmelnytsky
Yurii Khmelnytsky
Yurii Khmelnytsky , younger son of the famous Ukrainian Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and brother of Tymofiy Khmelnytsky, was a Zaporozhian Cossack political and military leader...
. An ardent opponent of Moscow, Hulyanytsky was of one several Cossacks, who on behalf of the hetman negotiated the conditions of new Chudnivsky Treaty with the Poles http://mova-historia.vlada.kiev.ua/17/Dovidn/Slobodyshchenskyj_traktat_1660.htm. The new treaty was similar in form to the Treaty of Hadiach
Treaty of Hadiach
The Treaty of Hadiach was a treaty signed on 16 September 1658 in Hadiach between representatives of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth and Cossacks...
of 1658 but with far worse conditions for Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
. Signing of this treaty by the hetman provoked a new round of civil war
Civil war
A civil war is a war between organized groups within the same nation state or republic, or, less commonly, between two countries created from a formerly-united nation state....
.
With the downfall and removal from the office of Yurii Khmelnytsky
Yurii Khmelnytsky
Yurii Khmelnytsky , younger son of the famous Ukrainian Hetman Bohdan Khmelnytsky and brother of Tymofiy Khmelnytsky, was a Zaporozhian Cossack political and military leader...
, Hulyanytsky served with another hetman Pavlo Teteria
Pavlo Teteria
Pavlo Teteria was Hetman of Right-Bank Ukraine .Before his hetmancy he served in a number of high positions under Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and Ivan Vyhovsky....
(1663–1665). As hetman's envoy to Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
, he persuaded the Polish King Jan Kazimierz to march on Ukraine
Ukraine
Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe. It has an area of 603,628 km², making it the second largest contiguous country on the European continent, after Russia...
together with Teteria
Pavlo Teteria
Pavlo Teteria was Hetman of Right-Bank Ukraine .Before his hetmancy he served in a number of high positions under Bohdan Khmelnytsky, and Ivan Vyhovsky....
in 1663-1664, which further inflamed the civil war without yielding any results.
The fate of Hryhory Hulyanytsky seem to resemble that of Ivan Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky was a hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks during three years of the Russo-Polish War . He was the successor to the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky...
in that even though he was an ardent supporter of Poland
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
, just like Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky
Ivan Vyhovsky was a hetman of the Ukrainian Cossacks during three years of the Russo-Polish War . He was the successor to the famous hetman and rebel leader Bohdan Khmelnytsky...
he was also killed by the Poles. In 1679 he was accused by Poles of treason, jailed and then executed.