Hydrogen ship
Encyclopedia
A hydrogen ship is a hydrogen
-fueled ship
, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity
from a fuel cell
.
ship was demonstrated, and in 2003 the Duffy-Herreshoff watertaxi
went into service. 2003 saw the debut of Yacht No. 1, as well Hydroxy3000. The AUV DeepC
and Yacht XV 1
were shown in 2004. In 2005 the first example of the Type 212 submarine
, which is powered underwater by fuel cells, went into service with the German navy. In 2006 the 12-person Xperiance
was debuted, as well as the Zebotec. In 2007 both the 8-person Tuckerboot
and the Canal boat
Ross Barlow debuted, and in 2008 the 100-passenger Zemships
project Alsterwasser went into service in Hamburg
. Also, in 2009 the Nemo H2
and the Frauscher 600 Riviera HP went into service.
Hjalti Pall Ingolfsson from Icelandic New Energy
has commented that ships are fast becoming the biggest source of air pollution in the European Union. It is estimated that by 2020 emissions of sulfur dioxide
and nitrogen oxides from ships will exceed land-based emissions in Europe. A big issue to be dealt with would be the storage of hydrogen
on ships, given that there would be no opportunity to refill them when out at sea, although one can use wind power
and solar panels to generate electricity from the ocean while they are far from the shores and produce onboard hydrogen.
varies, where the Yacht No. 1 was fueled by a mobile hydrogen station, the prototype Haveblue Yacht XV 1
was intended to have onboard hydrogen generation (based upon Haveblue LLC's patented technology), the Xperiance
and Tuckerboot
have exchangeable high-pressure hydrogen tank
s which can be refilled at a local hydrogen station
, the canal boat
Ross Barlow uses fixed onboard low-pressure solid-state metal hydride storage tanks and depends on a refilling station on the waterside, the Zemships Alsterwasser refills at a fixed waterside storage tank with 17,000 liters of hydrogen which is refuelled by a compressed hydrogen tube trailer.
and the development of a hydrogen economy
. To enable the commercialization of hydrogen
in consumer products, new model building codes and equipment, as well as other technical standards are developed and recognized by federal, state, and local governments. The Germanischer Lloyd guidelines for fuel cells on ships and boats is used for the Hydra
, Tuckerboot
, Yacht No. 1, Zebotec and Zemships
.
FC-SHIP was funded by the European Commission under FP5 - GROWTH from 2002 to 2004. The Viking Fellowship is a Nordic project. The SMART H2 project started in 2007 by placing a fuel cell
in the existing whale-watching ship Elding. Other studies have also considered various ways of combining fuel cell operations onboard with air conditioning systems for operations while in harbour.
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an average atomic weight of , hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universe's chemical elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly...
-fueled ship
Ship
Since the end of the age of sail a ship has been any large buoyant marine vessel. Ships are generally distinguished from boats based on size and cargo or passenger capacity. Ships are used on lakes, seas, and rivers for a variety of activities, such as the transport of people or goods, fishing,...
, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity
Electricity
Electricity is a general term encompassing a variety of phenomena resulting from the presence and flow of electric charge. These include many easily recognizable phenomena, such as lightning, static electricity, and the flow of electrical current in an electrical wire...
from a fuel cell
Fuel cell
A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but hydrocarbons such as natural gas and alcohols like methanol are sometimes used...
.
History
In 2000, the 22-person HydraHydra (ship)
The Hydra is a 22 person hydrogen ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell. The debut was in June 2000 on the Rhine near Bonn, Germany....
ship was demonstrated, and in 2003 the Duffy-Herreshoff watertaxi
Duffy-Herreshoff watertaxi
The Duffy-Herreshoff watertaxi is a 18 person hydrogen fueled passenger ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell. The watertaxi debuted on October 20 2003 in San Francisco.-Specifications:...
went into service. 2003 saw the debut of Yacht No. 1, as well Hydroxy3000. The AUV DeepC
DeepC
The DeepC is a hydrogen-fueled Autonomous Underwater Vehicle , power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell. It debuted in 2004...
and Yacht XV 1
Yacht XV 1 (hydrogen)
The 42' sailboat known as the XV/1 was intended to demonstrate Haveblue LLC's patented technology for the production, storage, and use of hydrogen onboard a marine vessel...
were shown in 2004. In 2005 the first example of the Type 212 submarine
Type 212 submarine
The German Type 212 class, also Italian Todaro class, is a highly advanced design of non-nuclear submarine developed by Howaldtswerke-Deutsche Werft AG and Fincantieri S.p.a. for the German and Italian Navy. It features diesel propulsion and an additional air-independent propulsion system using...
, which is powered underwater by fuel cells, went into service with the German navy. In 2006 the 12-person Xperiance
Xperiance NX hydrogen
The Xperiance NX hydrogen is a 12 person hydrogen ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell. The debut was on 23 June 2006 at Leeuwarden, Netherlands.-Specifications:...
was debuted, as well as the Zebotec. In 2007 both the 8-person Tuckerboot
Tuckerboot (hydrogen)
A Tuckerboot on hydrogen is a 8 person ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell. Two boats are operating in Hamburg...
and the Canal boat
Canal boat (hydrogen)
The canal boat Ross Barlow is a hybrid hydrogen narrowboat, power-assisted by an electric motor whose electricity is supplied by a fuel cell or a battery. It debuted on 21 September 2007.-History:...
Ross Barlow debuted, and in 2008 the 100-passenger Zemships
Zemships
The project Zemships developed a 100 person hydrogen-power passenger ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell. The first boat operates on the Alster in Hamburg since 2008...
project Alsterwasser went into service in Hamburg
Hamburg
-History:The first historic name for the city was, according to Claudius Ptolemy's reports, Treva.But the city takes its modern name, Hamburg, from the first permanent building on the site, a castle whose construction was ordered by the Emperor Charlemagne in AD 808...
. Also, in 2009 the Nemo H2
Nemo H2
The Nemo H2 is a passenger ship developed by Fuel Cell Boat for 88 people in Amsterdam for which the power for the electric motor is generated by a fuel cell on hydrogen. It is the first boat for 88 people in the Netherlands with a fuel cell...
and the Frauscher 600 Riviera HP went into service.
Economy
Icelandic New Energy
Icelandic New Energy Ltd is a company that promotes the use of hydrogen fuel in Iceland founded in 1999 following a decision in 1998 by the Icelandic Parliament to convert vehicle and fishing fleets to hydrogen produced from renewable energy by 2050.Icelandic New Energy was formed as a spin-off...
has commented that ships are fast becoming the biggest source of air pollution in the European Union. It is estimated that by 2020 emissions of sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide
Sulfur dioxide is the chemical compound with the formula . It is released by volcanoes and in various industrial processes. Since coal and petroleum often contain sulfur compounds, their combustion generates sulfur dioxide unless the sulfur compounds are removed before burning the fuel...
and nitrogen oxides from ships will exceed land-based emissions in Europe. A big issue to be dealt with would be the storage of hydrogen
Hydrogen storage
Hydrogen storage describes the methods for storing H2 for subsequent use. The methods span many approaches, including high pressures, cryogenics, and chemical compounds that reversibly release H2 upon heating...
on ships, given that there would be no opportunity to refill them when out at sea, although one can use wind power
Wind power
Wind power is the conversion of wind energy into a useful form of energy, such as using wind turbines to make electricity, windmills for mechanical power, windpumps for water pumping or drainage, or sails to propel ships....
and solar panels to generate electricity from the ocean while they are far from the shores and produce onboard hydrogen.
Infrastructure
The need for a hydrogen infrastructureHydrogen infrastructure
A hydrogen infrastructure is the infrastructure of pipes and stations for distribution and sale of hydrogen fuel.-Hydrogen pipeline transport:Hydrogen pipeline transport is a transportation of hydrogen through a pipe as part of the hydrogen infrastructure...
varies, where the Yacht No. 1 was fueled by a mobile hydrogen station, the prototype Haveblue Yacht XV 1
Yacht XV 1 (hydrogen)
The 42' sailboat known as the XV/1 was intended to demonstrate Haveblue LLC's patented technology for the production, storage, and use of hydrogen onboard a marine vessel...
was intended to have onboard hydrogen generation (based upon Haveblue LLC's patented technology), the Xperiance
Xperiance NX hydrogen
The Xperiance NX hydrogen is a 12 person hydrogen ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell. The debut was on 23 June 2006 at Leeuwarden, Netherlands.-Specifications:...
and Tuckerboot
Tuckerboot (hydrogen)
A Tuckerboot on hydrogen is a 8 person ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell. Two boats are operating in Hamburg...
have exchangeable high-pressure hydrogen tank
Hydrogen tank
A Hydrogen tank is used for hydrogen storage. The first type IV hydrogen tanks for compressed hydrogen at 700 Bar were demonstrated in 2001, the first fuel cell vehicles on the road with type IV tanks are the Toyota FCHV, Mercedes-Benz F-Cell and the HydroGen4.At the hydrogen station Hamburg...
s which can be refilled at a local hydrogen station
Hydrogen station
A hydrogen station is a storage or filling station for hydrogen, usually located along a road or hydrogen highway, or at home as part of the distributed generation resources concept. The stations are usually intended to power vehicles, but can also be used to power small devices. Vehicles use...
, the canal boat
Canal boat (hydrogen)
The canal boat Ross Barlow is a hybrid hydrogen narrowboat, power-assisted by an electric motor whose electricity is supplied by a fuel cell or a battery. It debuted on 21 September 2007.-History:...
Ross Barlow uses fixed onboard low-pressure solid-state metal hydride storage tanks and depends on a refilling station on the waterside, the Zemships Alsterwasser refills at a fixed waterside storage tank with 17,000 liters of hydrogen which is refuelled by a compressed hydrogen tube trailer.
Codes and standards
Hydrogen codes and standards have repeatedly been identified as a major institutional barrier to the deployment of hydrogen technologiesHydrogen technologies
Hydrogen technologies are technologies that relate to the production and use of hydrogen. Hydrogen technologies are applicable for many uses....
and the development of a hydrogen economy
Hydrogen economy
The hydrogen economy is a proposed system of delivering energy using hydrogen. The term hydrogen economy was coined by John Bockris during a talk he gave in 1970 at General Motors Technical Center....
. To enable the commercialization of hydrogen
Hydrogen
Hydrogen is the chemical element with atomic number 1. It is represented by the symbol H. With an average atomic weight of , hydrogen is the lightest and most abundant chemical element, constituting roughly 75% of the Universe's chemical elemental mass. Stars in the main sequence are mainly...
in consumer products, new model building codes and equipment, as well as other technical standards are developed and recognized by federal, state, and local governments. The Germanischer Lloyd guidelines for fuel cells on ships and boats is used for the Hydra
Hydra (ship)
The Hydra is a 22 person hydrogen ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell. The debut was in June 2000 on the Rhine near Bonn, Germany....
, Tuckerboot
Tuckerboot (hydrogen)
A Tuckerboot on hydrogen is a 8 person ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell. Two boats are operating in Hamburg...
, Yacht No. 1, Zebotec and Zemships
Zemships
The project Zemships developed a 100 person hydrogen-power passenger ship, power-assisted by an electric motor that gets its electricity from a fuel cell. The first boat operates on the Alster in Hamburg since 2008...
.
Research
The NEW H SHIP project was a 15-month project that started February 2004.FC-SHIP was funded by the European Commission under FP5 - GROWTH from 2002 to 2004. The Viking Fellowship is a Nordic project. The SMART H2 project started in 2007 by placing a fuel cell
Fuel cell
A fuel cell is a device that converts the chemical energy from a fuel into electricity through a chemical reaction with oxygen or another oxidizing agent. Hydrogen is the most common fuel, but hydrocarbons such as natural gas and alcohols like methanol are sometimes used...
in the existing whale-watching ship Elding. Other studies have also considered various ways of combining fuel cell operations onboard with air conditioning systems for operations while in harbour.