Italian general election, 1992
Encyclopedia
The Italian general elections of 1992 were held on the 5 April 1992.
The 1992 elections were the first without the traditionally second most important political force in Italy
, the Italian Communist Party
(PCI), which had been disbanded in 1991. It was replaced by a more social-democratic oriented force, the Democratic Party of the Left
(PDS), and by a minority entity formed by members who did not want to renounce the communist
tradition, the Communist Refoundation Party
(PRC). However, put together they gained around 4% less than what the already declining PCI had obtained in the 1987 Italian general election
.
The other major feature was the sudden rise of the separatist Lombard League, which increased its vote from c. 0.5% of the preceding elections to more than 8%, increasing from a single member both in the Chamber and the Senate to 55 and 25, respectively. The onda lunga ("long wave") of Bettino Craxi
's now centrist
-oriented Italian Socialist Party
, which in the past elections had been forecast next to overcome PCI, seemed to stop. Christian Democracy
and the other traditional government parties (with the exception of the Republican Party
) also experienced a slight decrease in their vote.
The 1992 elections were the first without the traditionally second most important political force in Italy
Politics of Italy
The politics of Italy is conducted through a parliamentary, democratic republic with a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised collectively by the Council of Ministers, which is led by the President of the Council of Ministers, referred to as "Presidente del Consiglio" in Italian...
, the Italian Communist Party
Italian Communist Party
The Italian Communist Party was a communist political party in Italy.The PCI was founded as Communist Party of Italy on 21 January 1921 in Livorno, by seceding from the Italian Socialist Party . Amadeo Bordiga and Antonio Gramsci led the split. Outlawed during the Fascist regime, the party played...
(PCI), which had been disbanded in 1991. It was replaced by a more social-democratic oriented force, the Democratic Party of the Left
Democratic Party of the Left
The Democratic Party of the Left was a post-communist, democratic socialist political party in Italy.-History:...
(PDS), and by a minority entity formed by members who did not want to renounce the communist
Communism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...
tradition, the Communist Refoundation Party
Communist Refoundation Party
The Communist Refoundation Party is a communist Italian political party. Its current secretary is Paolo Ferrero....
(PRC). However, put together they gained around 4% less than what the already declining PCI had obtained in the 1987 Italian general election
Italian general election, 1987
The Italian election of 1987 was held on June 14. Italian citizens chose the tenth Parliament of the Italian Republic.This election marked the final inversion of the trend of the entire republican history of Italy: for the first time, the distance between the Christian Democrats and the Communists...
.
The other major feature was the sudden rise of the separatist Lombard League, which increased its vote from c. 0.5% of the preceding elections to more than 8%, increasing from a single member both in the Chamber and the Senate to 55 and 25, respectively. The onda lunga ("long wave") of Bettino Craxi
Bettino Craxi
Benedetto Craxi was an Italian politician, head of the Italian Socialist Party from 1976 to 1993, the first socialist President of the Council of Ministers of Italy from 1983 to 1987.-Political career:...
's now centrist
Centrism
In politics, centrism is the ideal or the practice of promoting policies that lie different from the standard political left and political right. Most commonly, this is visualized as part of the one-dimensional political spectrum of left-right politics, with centrism landing in the middle between...
-oriented Italian Socialist Party
Italian Socialist Party
The Italian Socialist Party was a socialist and later social-democratic political party in Italy founded in Genoa in 1892.Once the dominant leftist party in Italy, it was eclipsed in status by the Italian Communist Party following World War II...
, which in the past elections had been forecast next to overcome PCI, seemed to stop. Christian Democracy
Christian Democracy (Italy)
Christian Democracy was a Christian democratic party in Italy. It was founded in 1943 as the ideological successor of the historical Italian People's Party, which had the same symbol, a crossed shield ....
and the other traditional government parties (with the exception of the Republican Party
Italian Republican Party
The Italian Republican Party is a liberal political party in Italy.The PRI is party with old roots that originally took a left-wing position, claiming descent from the political position of Giuseppe Mazzini...
) also experienced a slight decrease in their vote.
Chamber of Deputies
| Party | Votes | % | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christian Democracy Christian Democracy (Italy) Christian Democracy was a Christian democratic party in Italy. It was founded in 1943 as the ideological successor of the historical Italian People's Party, which had the same symbol, a crossed shield .... |
11.640.265 | 29,66 | 206 |
| Democratic Party of the Left Democratic Party of the Left The Democratic Party of the Left was a post-communist, democratic socialist political party in Italy.-History:... |
6.321.084 | 16,11 | 107 |
| Italian Socialist Party Italian Socialist Party The Italian Socialist Party was a socialist and later social-democratic political party in Italy founded in Genoa in 1892.Once the dominant leftist party in Italy, it was eclipsed in status by the Italian Communist Party following World War II... |
5.343.930 | 13,62 | 92 |
| Lega Nord | 3.396.012 | 8,65 | 55 |
| Communist Refoundation Party Communist Refoundation Party The Communist Refoundation Party is a communist Italian political party. Its current secretary is Paolo Ferrero.... |
2.204.641 | 5,62 | 35 |
| Italian Social Movement Italian Social Movement The Italian Social Movement , and later the Italian Social Movement–National Right , was a neo-fascist and post-fascist political party in Italy. Formed in 1946 by supporters of former Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, the party became the fourth largest party in Italy by the early 1960s... |
2.107.037 | 5,37 | 34 |
| Italian Republican Party Italian Republican Party The Italian Republican Party is a liberal political party in Italy.The PRI is party with old roots that originally took a left-wing position, claiming descent from the political position of Giuseppe Mazzini... |
1.722.465 | 4,39 | 27 |
| Italian Liberal Party Italian Liberal Party The Italian Liberal Party was a liberal political party in Italy.-Origins:The origins of liberalism in Italy came from the so-called "Historical Right", a parliamentary group formed by Camillo Benso di Cavour in the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia following the 1848 revolution... |
1.121.264 | 2,86 | 17 |
| Federation of the Greens Federation of the Greens The Federation of the Greens is a green political party in Italy, which includes also a large eco-socialist faction. Since 2009 the party leader is Angelo Bonelli.-Early years:... |
1.093.995 | 2,79 | 16 |
| Italian Democratic Socialist Party Italian Democratic Socialist Party The Italian Democratic Socialist Party is a minor social-democratic political party in Italy. Mimmo Magistro is the party leader. The PSDI, before the 1990s decline in votes and members, had been an important force in Italian politics, being the longest serving partner in government for Christian... |
1.064.647 | 2,71 | 16 |
| The Net | 730.171 | 1,86 | 12 |
| Pannella List Pannella List Pannella List was a strongly libertarian Radical electoral list active in the 1990s in Italy. Its long-standing leader and standard-bearer was Marco Pannella, who had been the historical leader of the Radical Party from 1963 to 1989.... |
485.694 | 1,24 | 7 |
| South Tyrolean People's Party South Tyrolean People's Party The South Tyrolean People's Party is a regionalist Christian democratic political party active in the Italian province of South Tyrol.Founded in 1945, the SVP represents the German-speaking population of the province, as well as Ladin speakers. Since the first election of the Provincial Council in... |
198.447 | 0,51 | 3 |
| Federalismo - Pensionati Uomini Vivi | 154.621 | 0,39 | 1 |
| Lega Autonomia Veneta Lega Autonomia Veneta The Lega Autonomia Veneta was a centre-left regionalist political party in Veneto.The party was composed mainly of dissidents from Liga Veneta, but nevertheless its long-standing leaders were Mario Rigo, a former Mayor of Venice and MEP for the Italian Socialist Party, and Oscar De Bona,... |
152.301 | 0,39 | 1 |
| Vallée d'Aoste | 41.404 | 0,11 | 1 |
| others | 1.469.297 | 3,74 | 0 |
| Total | 39.247.275 | 100,00 | 630 |
Senate
| Party | Votes | % | Seats |
|---|---|---|---|
| Christian Democracy Christian Democracy (Italy) Christian Democracy was a Christian democratic party in Italy. It was founded in 1943 as the ideological successor of the historical Italian People's Party, which had the same symbol, a crossed shield .... |
9.074.096 | 27,30 | 107 |
| Democratic Party of the Left Democratic Party of the Left The Democratic Party of the Left was a post-communist, democratic socialist political party in Italy.-History:... |
5.663.976 | 17,04 | 64 |
| Italian Socialist Party Italian Socialist Party The Italian Socialist Party was a socialist and later social-democratic political party in Italy founded in Genoa in 1892.Once the dominant leftist party in Italy, it was eclipsed in status by the Italian Communist Party following World War II... |
4.513.354 | 13,58 | 49 |
| Lega Nord | 2.721.857 | 8,19 | 25 |
| Communist Refoundation Party Communist Refoundation Party The Communist Refoundation Party is a communist Italian political party. Its current secretary is Paolo Ferrero.... |
2.164.173 | 6,51 | 20 |
| Italian Social Movement Italian Social Movement The Italian Social Movement , and later the Italian Social Movement–National Right , was a neo-fascist and post-fascist political party in Italy. Formed in 1946 by supporters of former Italian dictator Benito Mussolini, the party became the fourth largest party in Italy by the early 1960s... |
2.170.134 | 6,53 | 16 |
| Italian Republican Party Italian Republican Party The Italian Republican Party is a liberal political party in Italy.The PRI is party with old roots that originally took a left-wing position, claiming descent from the political position of Giuseppe Mazzini... |
1.562.139 | 4,70 | 10 |
| Federation of the Greens Federation of the Greens The Federation of the Greens is a green political party in Italy, which includes also a large eco-socialist faction. Since 2009 the party leader is Angelo Bonelli.-Early years:... |
1.022.558 | 3,08 | 4 |
| Italian Liberal Party Italian Liberal Party The Italian Liberal Party was a liberal political party in Italy.-Origins:The origins of liberalism in Italy came from the so-called "Historical Right", a parliamentary group formed by Camillo Benso di Cavour in the Parliament of the Kingdom of Sardinia following the 1848 revolution... |
937.709 | 2,82 | 4 |
| Italian Democratic Socialist Party Italian Democratic Socialist Party The Italian Democratic Socialist Party is a minor social-democratic political party in Italy. Mimmo Magistro is the party leader. The PSDI, before the 1990s decline in votes and members, had been an important force in Italian politics, being the longest serving partner in government for Christian... |
852.767 | 2,57 | 3 |
| La Rete La Rete Movement for Democracy – The Net was an Italian political party led by Leoluca Orlando.Formed by Orlando on 24 January 1991 whilst mayor of Palermo the group sought to reinvigorate the moral traditions of Italian democracy and also took a strong anti-Mafia stance. Initially attached to Christian... |
239.874 | 0,72 | 3 |
| Federalismo - Pensionati Uomini Vivi | 174.369 | 0,52 | 1 |
| South Tyrolean People's Party South Tyrolean People's Party The South Tyrolean People's Party is a regionalist Christian democratic political party active in the Italian province of South Tyrol.Founded in 1945, the SVP represents the German-speaking population of the province, as well as Ladin speakers. Since the first election of the Provincial Council in... |
168.153 | 0,51 | 3 |
| Lista per la Calabria | 144.255 | 0,43 | 2 |
| Lega Autonomia Veneta Lega Autonomia Veneta The Lega Autonomia Veneta was a centre-left regionalist political party in Veneto.The party was composed mainly of dissidents from Liga Veneta, but nevertheless its long-standing leaders were Mario Rigo, a former Mayor of Venice and MEP for the Italian Socialist Party, and Oscar De Bona,... |
137.994 | 0,42 | 1 |
| Lega Alpina Lumbarda | 119.124 | 0,36 | 1 |
| Lista per il Molise | 48.597 | 0,15 | 1 |
| Vallée d'Aoste | 34.150 | 0,10 | 1 |
| others | 1.492.696 | 4,49 | 0 |
| Total | 33.241.975 | 100,00 | 315 |