Jodbajab
Encyclopedia
Jodbajab was a military officer and government official in the Inner Mongolia
area under the late Qing Dynasty
, Republic of China
, and Mengjiang
governments. He was an ethnic Mongol belonging to the Plain and Bordered White Banner
of Xilin Gol League
.
which overthrew the Qing, Khalkha Mongol banners declared independence as the state of Mongolia
and occupied Dariganga
, which was then under Jodbajab's jurisdiction. This occurred in March 1912. He led an attack in an attempt to recover the area, but on 28 August was taken prisoner and held in Urga (today Ulan Bator). He would be released in 1915 under the terms of the Treaty of Kyakhta. After his return to Inner Mongolia, he was commended by Yuan Shikai
's government and commissioned a lieutenant-general. From there he rose to become the senior amban
in Chahar Province. During the Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921
, he was dispatched in another attempt to re-establish control in Dariganga, but was driven out by Soviet Kalmyk
troops and local partisans; the territory would thenceforth remain part of the state of Mongolia.
In March 1934, Jodbajab was appointed a member of the Nanjing
government's newly-established Mongolian Local Autonomous Political Committee, along with Kesingge
, Serengdongrub
, Ünenbayan, and Nima-odsor
of the Kuomintang
, and various league and banner nobility such as Altanochir
, Darijaya
, and Gorjorjab (郭尔卓尔扎布). However, in early 1936, Nima-odsor, who was Jodbajab's close friend and advisor, was assassinated by the Japanese for his Mongol nationalism and opposition to Japanese expansionism. In response, Jodbajab, intimidated, began to collaborate with Japan's territorial designs on Inner Mongolia, sparking the ire of Mongol nationalists. In his position as commander of the Mongol militia, he endorsed Prince Demchugdongrub
's telegram announcing the establishment of the Mengjiang
government. In February that year, he and Li Shouxin
seized control of the postal administration in six districts of eastern Chahar Province. In November that year, he participated in the Suiyuan Campaign. In 1937 he was appointed one of two deputy commanders of the Mongol Pao An Tui (蒙古保安隊) along with Pao Yueh-ching (包悦卿).
Jodbajab was captured during the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in the late days of World War II and again taken to Ulan Bator as a prisoner, where he died.
Inner Mongolia
Inner Mongolia is an autonomous region of the People's Republic of China, located in the northern region of the country. Inner Mongolia shares an international border with the countries of Mongolia and the Russian Federation...
area under the late Qing Dynasty
Qing Dynasty
The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
, Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
, and Mengjiang
Mengjiang
Mengjiang , also known in English as Mongol Border Land, was an autonomous area in Inner Mongolia, operating under nominal Chinese sovereignty and Japanese control. It consisted of the then-Chinese provinces of Chahar and Suiyuan, corresponding to the central part of modern Inner Mongolia...
governments. He was an ethnic Mongol belonging to the Plain and Bordered White Banner
Plain and Bordered White Banner
Plain and Bordered White Banner is a banner of Inner Mongolia, China. It is under the administration of Xilin Gol League.-References:*...
of Xilin Gol League
Xilin Gol League
Xilin Gol is one of 12 prefecture level divisions of Inner Mongolia. The capital is Xilinhot, the area is 202,580 km². The league's economy is based on mining and agriculture....
.
Names
Historical sources refer to him under a variety of names:- Jodbajab or Jodbadjab, Roman spellings of his Mongolian name based on the Classical Mongolian alphabet
- Jodovjav, a transcription of Mongolian CyrillicMongolian Cyrillic alphabetThe Mongolian Cyrillic script is the writing system used for the Khalkha dialect of the Mongolian language as the standard dialect of the modern state of Mongolia. Cyrillic has not been adopted by the Khalkha in the Inner Mongolia region of China, who still use the Mongolian script.Mongolian...
Жодовжав - Shih Hai ( or ), his Chinese courtesy name
- Tso Shih-hai , a Chinese nameChinese namePersonal names in Chinese culture follow a number of conventions different from those of personal names in Western cultures. Most noticeably, a Chinese name is written with the family name first and the given name next, therefore "John-Paul Smith" as a Chinese name would be "Smith John-Paul"...
which takes the first character of the Chinese transcription of his Mongolian name , followed by his Chinese courtesy name
Career
During the Xinhai RevolutionXinhai Revolution
The Xinhai Revolution or Hsinhai Revolution, also known as Revolution of 1911 or the Chinese Revolution, was a revolution that overthrew China's last imperial dynasty, the Qing , and established the Republic of China...
which overthrew the Qing, Khalkha Mongol banners declared independence as the state of Mongolia
Mongolia
Mongolia is a landlocked country in East and Central Asia. It is bordered by Russia to the north and China to the south, east and west. Although Mongolia does not share a border with Kazakhstan, its western-most point is only from Kazakhstan's eastern tip. Ulan Bator, the capital and largest...
and occupied Dariganga
Dariganga, Sükhbaatar
Dariganga is a sum of Sükhbaatar Province in eastern Mongolia. After the Xinhai Revolution which overthrew the Qing Dynasty, forces loyal to the independent Mongolian government established control in the area in March 1912...
, which was then under Jodbajab's jurisdiction. This occurred in March 1912. He led an attack in an attempt to recover the area, but on 28 August was taken prisoner and held in Urga (today Ulan Bator). He would be released in 1915 under the terms of the Treaty of Kyakhta. After his return to Inner Mongolia, he was commended by Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai
Yuan Shikai was an important Chinese general and politician famous for his influence during the late Qing Dynasty, his role in the events leading up to the abdication of the last Qing Emperor of China, his autocratic rule as the second President of the Republic of China , and his short-lived...
's government and commissioned a lieutenant-general. From there he rose to become the senior amban
Amban
Amban is a Manchu word meaning "high official," which corresponds to a number of different official titles in the Qing imperial government...
in Chahar Province. During the Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921
Outer Mongolian Revolution of 1921
The Outer Mongolian revolution of 1921 was both a military and political event. With the assistance of the Soviet Red Army, Mongolian revolutionaries expelled Russian White Guards from the country, and created a new state, named the Mongolian People's Republic in 1924. Although nominally...
, he was dispatched in another attempt to re-establish control in Dariganga, but was driven out by Soviet Kalmyk
Kalmyk people
Kalmyk people is the name given to the Oirats, western Mongols in Russia, whose descendants migrated from Dzhungaria in 1607. Today they form a majority in the autonomous Republic of Kalmykia on the western shore of the Caspian Sea. Kalmykia is Europe's only Buddhist government...
troops and local partisans; the territory would thenceforth remain part of the state of Mongolia.
In March 1934, Jodbajab was appointed a member of the Nanjing
Nanjing
' is the capital of Jiangsu province in China and has a prominent place in Chinese history and culture, having been the capital of China on several occasions...
government's newly-established Mongolian Local Autonomous Political Committee, along with Kesingge
Kesingge (politician)
Kesingge was an Inner Mongolian politician of the Republic of China.-Names:His name was transcribed as . He also used the Chinese name Li Chih-nan .-Career:...
, Serengdongrub
Serengdongrub
Serengdongrub was an Inner Mongolian politician in the Republic of China. An ethnic Mongol, he was a native of Harqin Middle Banner .-Names:...
, Ünenbayan, and Nima-odsor
Nima-odsor
Nima-odsor was an Inner Mongolian politician of the Republic of China, shot to death by assassins on an intercity bus ride.-Names:...
of the Kuomintang
Kuomintang
The Kuomintang of China , sometimes romanized as Guomindang via the Pinyin transcription system or GMD for short, and translated as the Chinese Nationalist Party is a founding and ruling political party of the Republic of China . Its guiding ideology is the Three Principles of the People, espoused...
, and various league and banner nobility such as Altanochir
Altanochir (1882-1949)
Altanochir was an Inner Mongolian prince, politician, and general under the Republic of China and Mengjiang governments. He served as deputy head of Yeke-juu League...
, Darijaya
Darijaya
Darijaya was an Inner Mongolian nobleman of Alxa League and a politician under the Republic of China and People's Republic of China governments.-Names:...
, and Gorjorjab (郭尔卓尔扎布). However, in early 1936, Nima-odsor, who was Jodbajab's close friend and advisor, was assassinated by the Japanese for his Mongol nationalism and opposition to Japanese expansionism. In response, Jodbajab, intimidated, began to collaborate with Japan's territorial designs on Inner Mongolia, sparking the ire of Mongol nationalists. In his position as commander of the Mongol militia, he endorsed Prince Demchugdongrub
Demchugdongrub
Prince Demchugdongrub was the leader of a Mongol independence movement in Inner Mongolia. He was the chairman of Mengjiang, a Japanese puppet state in World War II....
's telegram announcing the establishment of the Mengjiang
Mengjiang
Mengjiang , also known in English as Mongol Border Land, was an autonomous area in Inner Mongolia, operating under nominal Chinese sovereignty and Japanese control. It consisted of the then-Chinese provinces of Chahar and Suiyuan, corresponding to the central part of modern Inner Mongolia...
government. In February that year, he and Li Shouxin
Li Shouxin
Li Shouxin was a general in Manchukuo, followed by Mengjiang during the Second Sino-Japanese War.-Biography:Of ethnic Mongol descent, Li was born into a family of minor landlords...
seized control of the postal administration in six districts of eastern Chahar Province. In November that year, he participated in the Suiyuan Campaign. In 1937 he was appointed one of two deputy commanders of the Mongol Pao An Tui (蒙古保安隊) along with Pao Yueh-ching (包悦卿).
Jodbajab was captured during the Soviet invasion of Manchuria in the late days of World War II and again taken to Ulan Bator as a prisoner, where he died.