Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health
Encyclopedia
The Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health (also referred to as The Bloomberg School or JHSPH) is part of Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins University
The Johns Hopkins University, commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins, is a private research university based in Baltimore, Maryland, United States...

 in Baltimore, Maryland, United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

. As the second oldest and largest public health
Public health
Public health is "the science and art of preventing disease, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals" . It is concerned with threats to health based on population health...

 training facility in the United States, the Bloomberg School is a leading international authority on the improvement of health and prevention of disease and disability. The school's mission is to protect populations from illness and injury by pioneering new research, deploying its knowledge and expertise in the field, and educating scientists and practitioners in the global defense of human life. Overall, the school is ranked first in public health according to U.S. News and World Report.

Overview

Originally named the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, the school was founded in 1916 by William H. Welch
William H. Welch
William Henry Welch, M.D. was an American physician, pathologist, and medical school administrator. He was one of the "Big Four" founding professors at Johns Hopkins Hospital. William Henry Welch, M.D. (April 8, 1850 - April 30, 1934) was an American physician, pathologist, and medical school...

 and John D. Rockefeller
John D. Rockefeller
John Davison Rockefeller was an American oil industrialist, investor, and philanthropist. He was the founder of the Standard Oil Company, which dominated the oil industry and was the first great U.S. business trust. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of...

. The school was renamed the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health on April 20, 2001 in honor of Michael Bloomberg
Michael Bloomberg
Michael Rubens Bloomberg is the current Mayor of New York City. With a net worth of $19.5 billion in 2011, he is also the 12th-richest person in the United States...

 (founder of the eponymous media company
Bloomberg L.P.
Bloomberg L.P. is an American privately held financial software, media, and data company. Bloomberg makes up one third of the $16 billion global financial data market with estimated revenue of $6.9 billion. Bloomberg L.P...

) for his financial support and commitment to the school and Johns Hopkins University. Bloomberg has donated at total of $107 million to the school over a period of several years.

The school is also the founder of Delta Omega
Delta Omega
Delta Omega is the honorary society for graduate studies in public health. The society was founded in 1924 at the Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health. Currently, there are approximately 50 chapters throughout the United States and Puerto Rico.Since Delta Omega's...

 (est. 1924), the national honorary society for graduate studies in public health. The Bloomberg School is fully accredited by the Council on Education for Public Health (CEPH)
Council on Education for Public Health
The Council on Education for Public Health is an independent agency recognized by the U.S. Department of Education to accredit schools of public health as well as certain programs offered in settings other than in schools of public health...

.

Origins

In 1913, the Rockefeller Foundation
Rockefeller Foundation
The Rockefeller Foundation is a prominent philanthropic organization and private foundation based at 420 Fifth Avenue, New York City. The preeminent institution established by the six-generation Rockefeller family, it was founded by John D. Rockefeller , along with his son John D. Rockefeller, Jr...

 sponsored a conference on the need for public health education
Health education
Health education is the profession of educating people about health. Areas within this profession encompass environmental health, physical health, social health, emotional health, intellectual health, and spiritual health...

 in the United States. Foundation officials were convinced that a new profession of public health was needed. It would be allied to medicine but also distinct, with its own identity and educational institutions. The result of deliberations between public health leaders and foundation officials was the Welch-Rose Report of 1915, which laid out the need for adequately trained public health workers and envisioned an "institute of hygiene" for the United States. The Report, reflected the different preferences of the plan's two architects--William Henry Welch favoured scientific research, whereas Wickliffe Rose wanted an emphasis on public health practice.

In June 1916, the executive committee of the Rockefeller Foundation approved the plan to organize an institute or school of public health at the Johns Hopkins University
Johns Hopkins University
The Johns Hopkins University, commonly referred to as Johns Hopkins, JHU, or simply Hopkins, is a private research university based in Baltimore, Maryland, United States...

 in Baltimore, Maryland, USA. The institute was named the School of Hygiene and Public Health, indicating a compromise between those who wanted the practical public health training on the British model and those who favoured basic scientific research on the German model. Welch, the first Dean of the Johns Hopkins School of Medicine also became the founding Dean of the second school of public health in the United States.

Legacy

The Johns Hopkins School of Public Health represents the archetype for formalized public health education in the United States. By 1922, other schools of public health at Harvard
Harvard School of Public Health
The Harvard School of Public Health is one of the professional graduate schools of Harvard University, located in the Longwood Area of the Boston, Massachusetts neighborhood of Mission Hill, which is next to Harvard Medical School. HSPH is considered a significant school focusing on health in the...

, Columbia and Yale
Yale School of Public Health
The Yale School of Public Health was founded in 1915 by Charles-Edward Amory Winslow and is one of the oldest public health masters programs in the United States...

 had all been established in accordance with the Hopkins model. The Rockefeller Foundation continued to sponsor the creation of public health schools in the United States and around the world in the 1920s and 1930s, extending the American model of the Johns Hopkins School of Public Health to countries such as Brazil, Bulgaria, Canada, Czechoslovakia, England, Hungary, India, Italy, Japan, Norway, the Philippines, Poland, Rumania, Sweden, Turkey, and Yugoslavia.

Reputation and Ranking

The Bloomberg School is the largest school of public health in the world, with 530 full-time and 620 part-time faculty, and 2,030 students from 84 countries. It is home to over fifty Research Centers and Institutes with research ongoing in the U.S. and more than 90 countries worldwide. The School ranks #1 in federal research support from the National Institutes of Health
National Institutes of Health
The National Institutes of Health are an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services and are the primary agency of the United States government responsible for biomedical and health-related research. Its science and engineering counterpart is the National Science Foundation...

 (NIH), receiving nearly 25 percent of all funds distributed among the 40 U.S. schools of public health, and has consistently been ranked #1 among schools of public health by U.S. News & World Report
U.S. News & World Report
U.S. News & World Report is an American news magazine published from Washington, D.C. Along with Time and Newsweek it was for many years a leading news weekly, focusing more than its counterparts on political, economic, health and education stories...

.

Academic Degrees and Departments

The School offers four Master’s degrees (Master of Public Health - MPH
Master of Public Health
The Master of Public Health and the Doctor of Public Health are multi-disciplinary professional degrees awarded for studies in areas related to public health....

, Master of Science in Public Health - MSPH (formally known as the Master of Health Science - MHS), Master of Health Administration - MHA
Master of Health Administration
The Master of Health Administration is a master's-level professional degree granted to students who complete a course of study in the knowledge and competencies needed for careers in health administration, involving the management of hospitals and other health services organizations, as well as...

, and the Master of Science - ScM
Master of Science
A Master of Science is a postgraduate academic master's degree awarded by universities in many countries. The degree is typically studied for in the sciences including the social sciences.-Brazil, Argentina and Uruguay:...

) and three Doctoral degrees (Doctor of Philosophy – PhD
Doctor of Philosophy
Doctor of Philosophy, abbreviated as Ph.D., PhD, D.Phil., or DPhil , in English-speaking countries, is a postgraduate academic degree awarded by universities...

, Doctor of Public Health – DrPH, and Doctor of Science - ScD
Doctor of Science
Doctor of Science , usually abbreviated Sc.D., D.Sc., S.D. or Dr.Sc., is an academic research degree awarded in a number of countries throughout the world. In some countries Doctor of Science is the name used for the standard doctorate in the sciences, elsewhere the Sc.D...

), as well as postdoctoral training and residency
Residency (medicine)
Residency is a stage of graduate medical training. A resident physician or resident is a person who has received a medical degree , Podiatric degree , Dental Degree and who practices...

 programs in general preventive medicine
Preventive medicine
Preventive medicine or preventive care refers to measures taken to prevent diseases, rather than curing them or treating their symptoms...

 and occupational medicine. The School also offers a host of combined and certificate training programs in various areas of public health. The Bloomberg School is composed of ten academic departments:
  • Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
    JHSPH Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology
    The Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology was established in 1916, as the Department of Chemical Hygiene. That same year, the Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health was founded, as it was named then...

  • Biostatistics
  • Environmental Health Sciences
  • Epidemiology
  • Health, Behavior and Society
  • Health Policy and Management
  • International Health
  • Mental Health
  • Molecular Microbiology and Immunology
  • MPH Program (School-wide)
  • Population, Family and Reproductive Health
  • Graduate Training Program in Clinical Investigation (JHSPH and JHU School of Medicine collaborative program)

Location

The Bloomberg School of Public Health is located in the East Baltimore campus of the Johns Hopkins University. The campus, collectively known as the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions (JHMI), is also home to the School of Medicine and the School of Nursing
Johns Hopkins School of Nursing
The Johns Hopkins School of Nursing is part of the Johns Hopkins University located in Baltimore, Maryland, United States. Established in 1889, it is one of the nation’s oldest and pre-eminent schools for nursing education ranking first in the nation; it is also among the top recipients of...

 and comprises several city blocks, radiating outwards from the Billings Building of the Johns Hopkins Hospital
Johns Hopkins Hospital
The Johns Hopkins Hospital is the teaching hospital and biomedical research facility of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, located in Baltimore, Maryland . It was founded using money from a bequest by philanthropist Johns Hopkins...

 with its historic dome. The main building on which the school is located is on North Wolfe Street; it has nine floors and features an observation area and a fitness center on the top floor. The Bloomberg School also occupies Hampton
Isabel Hampton Robb
Isabel Adams Hampton Robb was one of the founders of modern American nursing theory and one of the most important leaders in the history of nursing.She graduated from the Bellevue Hospital Training School for Nurses in 1883...

 House on North Broadway. The school is also serviced by the Welch
William H. Welch
William Henry Welch, M.D. was an American physician, pathologist, and medical school administrator. He was one of the "Big Four" founding professors at Johns Hopkins Hospital. William Henry Welch, M.D. (April 8, 1850 - April 30, 1934) was an American physician, pathologist, and medical school...

 Medical Library, a central resource shared by all the schools of the Medical Campus. The campus includes the Lowell Reed
Lowell Reed
Lowell Reed was 7th president of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.He had a long career as a research scientist in biostatistics and public health administration at Hopkins, where he was previously dean and director of the School of Public Health and later as vice president in...

 Residence Hall and the Denton Cooley
Denton Cooley
Denton Arthur Cooley is an American heart surgeon famous for performing the first implantation of a total artificial heart. Cooley is also founder and surgeon in-chief of the Texas Heart Institute, chief of Cardiovascular Surgery at St...

 Recreational Center. Public transportation to and from the campus is served by the Baltimore Metro Subway
Baltimore Metro Subway
The Baltimore Metro Subway, known locally as the Metro Subway, The Subway, or Baltimore Metro is a rapid transit line serving the greater Baltimore, Maryland, United States area and operated by the Maryland Transit Administration...

, local buses, and the JHMI shuttle.

Some Notable Alumni

  • Leroy Edgar Burney
    Leroy Edgar Burney
    Leroy Edgar Burney was an American physician and public health official. He was appointed the eighth Surgeon General of the United States from 1956 to 1961.-Early years:...

     (8th Surgeon General of the United States
    Surgeon General of the United States
    The Surgeon General of the United States is the operational head of the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and thus the leading spokesperson on matters of public health in the federal government...

    , first to publicly identify cigarette smoke as a cause of lung cancer)
  • Virginia Apgar
    Virginia Apgar
    Virginia Apgar was an American pediatric anesthesiologist. She was a leader in the fields of anesthesiology and teratology, and effectively founded the field of neonatology...

     (Apgar test, Anesthesiology, Teratology
    Teratology
    Teratology is the study of abnormalities of physiological development. It is often thought of as the study of human birth defects, but it is much broader than that, taking in other non-birth developmental stages, including puberty; and other non-human life forms, including plants.- Etymology :The...

    , founder of the field of Neonatology
    Neonatology
    Neonatology is a subspecialty of pediatrics that consists of the medical care of newborn infants, especially the ill or premature newborn infant. It is a hospital-based specialty, and is usually practiced in neonatal intensive care units...

    )
  • Alexander Langmuir
    Alexander Langmuir
    Alexander Duncan Langmuir was an American epidemiologist. He is renowned for creating the Epidemic Intelligence Service.-Biography:...

     (Epidemiologist, founder of the Epidemic Intelligence Service
    Epidemic Intelligence Service
    The Epidemic Intelligence Service is a program of the United States' Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . Established in 1951, due to biological warfare concerns arising from the Korean War, it has become a hands-on two-year postgraduate training program in epidemiology, with a focus on...

    )
  • George W. Comstock
    George W. Comstock
    George Wills Comstock MD PhD was a public health physician, epidemiologist and educator. In his 2006 curriculum vitae , Dr. Comstock summarized his research as follows: Although I seem to be generally associated with tuberculosis, a review of my publications will show that my research interests...

     (Epidemiologist, Pioneer of tuberculosis control and treatment)
  • Martha E. Rogers
    Martha E. Rogers
    Martha Elizabeth Rogers was an American nurse, researcher, theorist, and author. Rogers is best known for developing the Science of Unitary Human Beings and her landmark book, An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing....

     (Major figure in Nursing theory
    Nursing theory
    Nursing theory is the term given to the body of knowledge that is used to define or explain various aspects of the profession of nursing.-Grand nursing theories:...

    , created the Science of Unitary Human Beings
    Science of unitary human beings
    The science of unitary human beings is a grand nursing theory developed by Martha E. Rogers. The details of the theory are included in her book, An Introduction to the Theoretical Basis of Nursing.- Overview :...

    )
  • Donald A. Henderson (Eradication of smallpox
    Smallpox
    Smallpox was an infectious disease unique to humans, caused by either of two virus variants, Variola major and Variola minor. The disease is also known by the Latin names Variola or Variola vera, which is a derivative of the Latin varius, meaning "spotted", or varus, meaning "pimple"...

    , Presidential Medal of Freedom
    Presidential Medal of Freedom
    The Presidential Medal of Freedom is an award bestowed by the President of the United States and is—along with thecomparable Congressional Gold Medal bestowed by an act of U.S. Congress—the highest civilian award in the United States...

    , former Dean 1977 - 1990)
  • Andrew Spielman
    Andrew Spielman
    Andrew Spielman, Sc.D. was a prominent American public health entomologist and Professor of Tropical Public Health in the Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases at the Harvard School of Public Health ....

     (Major figure in the modern history of public health entomology
    Entomology
    Entomology is the scientific study of insects, a branch of arthropodology...

     & vector-borne diseases)
  • Alfred Sommer
    Alfred Sommer (ophthalmologist)
    Alfred Sommer is a prominent American ophthalmologist and epidemiologist at the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. His research on vitamin A in the 1970s and 1980s revealed that dosing severely vitamin A deficient children with an inexpensive, large dose vitamin A capsule twice a...

     (Nutrition
    Nutrition
    Nutrition is the provision, to cells and organisms, of the materials necessary to support life. Many common health problems can be prevented or alleviated with a healthy diet....

    , Discovered efficacy of Vitamin A
    Vitamin A
    Vitamin A is a vitamin that is needed by the retina of the eye in the form of a specific metabolite, the light-absorbing molecule retinal, that is necessary for both low-light and color vision...

     in reducing child mortality, former Dean 1990 - 2005)
  • Miriam Were
    Miriam Were
    Miriam K. Were is a Kenyan public health advocate, academic, and recipient of the first Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize.-Academic experience:...

     (African health advocate
    Health Advocacy
    Health advocacy encompasses direct service to the individual or family as well as activities that promote health and access to health care in communities and the larger public. Advocates support and promote the rights of the patient in the health care arena, help build capacity to improve...

    , recipient of the Légion d'honneur
    Légion d'honneur
    The Legion of Honour, or in full the National Order of the Legion of Honour is a French order established by Napoleon Bonaparte, First Consul of the Consulat which succeeded to the First Republic, on 19 May 1802...

     & the Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize
    Hideyo Noguchi Africa Prize
    The honors men and women "with outstanding achievements in the fields of medical research and medical services to combat infectious and other diseases in Africa, thus contributing to the health and welfare of the African people and of all humankind." The prize, officially named "The Prize in...

    )
  • Antonia Novello
    Antonia Novello
    Antonia Coello Novello, M.D., is a Puerto Rican physician and public health administrator. She was a vice admiral in the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and served as fourteenth Surgeon General of the United States from 1990 to 1993...

     (14th Surgeon General of the United States
    Surgeon General of the United States
    The Surgeon General of the United States is the operational head of the Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and thus the leading spokesperson on matters of public health in the federal government...

    )
  • Bernard Roizman
    Bernard Roizman
    Bernard Roizman is an American scientist born in Romania. He is currently the Joseph Regenstein Distinguished Service Professor of Virology in the Departments of Molecular Genetics & Cell Biology, Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, and in Microbiology. of Biological Sciences, at the University of...

     (Virologist, world's foremost expert on the Herpes Simplex Virus
    Herpes simplex virus
    Herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 , also known as Human herpes virus 1 and 2 , are two members of the herpes virus family, Herpesviridae, that infect humans. Both HSV-1 and HSV-2 are ubiquitous and contagious...

    )
  • Linda Rosenstock
    Linda Rosenstock
    Linda Rosenstock is a public health specialist and administrator. She served as the director for the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health from 1994 through 2000 and has been the dean of the University of California, Los Angeles School of Public Health since 2000.-Early career:Linda...

     (Dean of the University of California, Los Angeles School of Public Health)
  • Peter Pronovost
    Peter Pronovost
    Peter J. Pronovost is an intensive care specialist physician at Johns Hopkins Hospital in Baltimore, Maryland.He is a Professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine in the Departments of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, and Surgery, Professor of Health Policy and Management...

     (Intensive care checklist protocol, Time 100 (2008)
    Time 100
    Time 100 is an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world, as assembled by Time. First published in 1999 as a result of a debate among several academics, the list has become an annual event.-History and format:...

    , MacArthur Fellow)
  • Miriam Alexander
    Miriam Alexander
    Miriam Alexander, later Mrs Harold Stokes, was a British-born author of historical novels with Irish settings.She was born at Birkenhead and educated at home, except for a short period at Alexandra College, Dublin...

     (President of the American College of Preventive Medicine)
  • Dr Abhay Bang (Founder of the Society for Education, Action and Research in Community Health (SEARCH), conceived Gadchiroli model of Home-Based Neonatal care for saving newborn children in rural areas and reducing IMR and NMR)
  • Dr Rani Bang (Co-Founder of SEARCH, pioneering researcher in Women's health, instrumental in changing the global Maternal and Child health Policy to the Woman and Child Health Policy in the Cairo Conference of 1994)

Deans of the School

The official title of the head of the School has changed periodically between Director and Dean
Dean (education)
In academic administration, a dean is a person with significant authority over a specific academic unit, or over a specific area of concern, or both...

 throughout the years. Originally the title was Director. In 1931, it was changed to Dean and in 1946 back to Director. In 1958, the title again became Dean. The Deans (Directors) of the Bloomberg School include:
  1. William H. Welch
    William H. Welch
    William Henry Welch, M.D. was an American physician, pathologist, and medical school administrator. He was one of the "Big Four" founding professors at Johns Hopkins Hospital. William Henry Welch, M.D. (April 8, 1850 - April 30, 1934) was an American physician, pathologist, and medical school...

     (1916—1927)
  2. William Henry Howell
    William Henry Howell
    William Henry Howell, Ph.D., M.D., LL.D., Sc.D. was an American physiologist. He pioneered the use of heparin as a blood anti-coagulant....

     (1927—1931)
  3. Wade Hampton Frost
    Wade Hampton Frost
    Wade Hampton Frost was born in Marshall, Virginia. He received his B.A. in 1901 and his M.D. in 1903, both from the University of Virginia....

     (1931—1934)
  4. Allen W. Freeman (1934—1937)
  5. Lowell Reed
    Lowell Reed
    Lowell Reed was 7th president of the Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland.He had a long career as a research scientist in biostatistics and public health administration at Hopkins, where he was previously dean and director of the School of Public Health and later as vice president in...

     (1937—1947)
  6. Ernest L. Stebbins (1947—1967)
  7. John C. Hume (1967—1977)
  8. Donald A. Henderson (1977—1990)
  9. Alfred Sommer (1990—2005)
  10. Micheal J. Klag
    World Health Summit
    The World Health Summit is the gathering of leaders from academia, science, politics and industry as well as stakeholders of the private sector and civil society....

     (2005—present)

Publications


External links

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