Juan Pardo de Tavera
Encyclopedia
Juan Pardo de Tavera was a cardinal
(from 1531) and was Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spain from 1534 to 1545, and Grand Inquisitor
of Spain
from 1539 to 1545
on May 16, 1472, the son of Ares Pardo and Guiomar Tavera. On his mother's side, he was the nephew of Diego Deza
, who would serve as his patron and mentor. He studied at the University of Salamanca
, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1500 and a Licentiate of Canon Law
in 1505. He became the rector
of the university in 1505.
His uncle named him a member of the cathedral chapter
of Seville Cathedral
in 1505. Ferdinand II of Aragon
named him auditor of the Spanish Inquisition
in 1506. He was elected Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo on July 14, 1514 and he was consecrated as a bishop
later that year. Cardinal Adrian of Utrecht
appointed him as a diplomat to negotiate the marriage of Charles I of Spain
to Isabella of Portugal
, and of John III of Portugal
with Catherine of Castile. He was translated
to the see of Osma on December 31, 1523. He was promoted to Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela on June 8, 1524. He became president of the royal council in 1524 and held that office for the next fifteen years. He presided over the Cortes Generales
held in Toledo
(1525), Valladolid
(1527), Madrid
(1528), Valladolid (1537), and Toledo (1538).
Pope Clement VII
made Juan Pardo de Tavera a cardinal priest at the consistory
of February 22, 1531. He subsequently received the red hat
and the title of San Giovanni a Porta Latina
at the consistory of April 27, 1531.
He was transferred to the see of Toledo on April 27, 1534, thus becoming Primate of Spain.
Following the death of Isabella of Portugal
on May 1, 1539, Charles V, Holy Roman Empire appointed Juan Pardo de Tavera regent
of Castile in his absence, a post he would hold until 1541. At the same time, he was appointed Grand Inquisitor
of Spain
on June 10, 1539 and he began his duties as Grand Inquisitor on December 7, 1539.
He died in Valladolid on August 1, 1545. He was buried in the Hospital de San Juan Bautista de Toledo, in a marble tomb designed by Alonso Berruguete
.
Cardinal (Catholicism)
A cardinal is a senior ecclesiastical official, usually an ordained bishop, and ecclesiastical prince of the Catholic Church. They are collectively known as the College of Cardinals, which as a body elects a new pope. The duties of the cardinals include attending the meetings of the College and...
(from 1531) and was Archbishop of Toledo and Primate of Spain from 1534 to 1545, and Grand Inquisitor
Grand Inquisitor
Grand Inquisitor is the lead official of an Inquisition. The most famous Inquisitor General is the Spanish Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, who spearheaded the Spanish Inquisition.-List of Spanish Grand Inquisitors:-Castile:-Aragon:...
of Spain
Habsburg Spain
Habsburg Spain refers to the history of Spain over the 16th and 17th centuries , when Spain was ruled by the major branch of the Habsburg dynasty...
from 1539 to 1545
Biography
Juan Pardo de Tavera was born in Toro, ZamoraToro, Zamora
Toro is a town and municipality in the province of Zamora, part of the autonomous community of Castile and León, Spain. It is located on a fertile high plain, northwest of Madrid at an elevation of 740 meters....
on May 16, 1472, the son of Ares Pardo and Guiomar Tavera. On his mother's side, he was the nephew of Diego Deza
Diego Deza
Diego Deza was a theologian and inquisitor of Spain. He was one of the more notable figures in the Spanish Inquisition, and succeeded the notorious Tomás de Torquemada to the post of Grand Inquisitor.-Early life:...
, who would serve as his patron and mentor. He studied at the University of Salamanca
University of Salamanca
The University of Salamanca is a Spanish higher education institution, located in the town of Salamanca, west of Madrid. It was founded in 1134 and given the Royal charter of foundation by King Alfonso IX in 1218. It is the oldest founded university in Spain and the third oldest European...
, receiving a bachelor's degree in 1500 and a Licentiate of Canon Law
Licentiate of Canon Law
Licentiate of Canon Law is the title of an advanced graduate degree with canonical effects in the Roman Catholic Church offered by pontifical universities and ecclesiastical faculties of canon law...
in 1505. He became the rector
Rector
The word rector has a number of different meanings; it is widely used to refer to an academic, religious or political administrator...
of the university in 1505.
His uncle named him a member of the cathedral chapter
Cathedral chapter
In accordance with canon law, a cathedral chapter is a college of clerics formed to advise a bishop and, in the case of a vacancy of the episcopal see in some countries, to govern the diocese in his stead. These councils are made up of canons and dignitaries; in the Roman Catholic church their...
of Seville Cathedral
Seville Cathedral
The Cathedral of Saint Mary of the See , better known as Seville Cathedral, is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Seville . It is the largest Gothic cathedral and the third-largest church in the world....
in 1505. Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand II of Aragon
Ferdinand the Catholic was King of Aragon , Sicily , Naples , Valencia, Sardinia, and Navarre, Count of Barcelona, jure uxoris King of Castile and then regent of that country also from 1508 to his death, in the name of...
named him auditor of the Spanish Inquisition
Spanish Inquisition
The Tribunal of the Holy Office of the Inquisition , commonly known as the Spanish Inquisition , was a tribunal established in 1480 by Catholic Monarchs Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile. It was intended to maintain Catholic orthodoxy in their kingdoms, and to replace the Medieval...
in 1506. He was elected Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo on July 14, 1514 and he was consecrated as a bishop
Bishop
A bishop is an ordained or consecrated member of the Christian clergy who is generally entrusted with a position of authority and oversight. Within the Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox Churches, in the Assyrian Church of the East, in the Independent Catholic Churches, and in the...
later that year. Cardinal Adrian of Utrecht
Pope Adrian VI
Pope Adrian VI , born Adriaan Florenszoon Boeyens, served as Pope from 9 January 1522 until his death some 18 months later...
appointed him as a diplomat to negotiate the marriage of Charles I of Spain
Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor
Charles V was ruler of the Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and, as Charles I, of the Spanish Empire from 1516 until his voluntary retirement and abdication in favor of his younger brother Ferdinand I and his son Philip II in 1556.As...
to Isabella of Portugal
Isabella of Portugal
Isabella of Portugal was a Portuguese Princess and Holy Roman Empress, Duchess of Burgundy, and a Queen Regent/Consort of Spain. She was the daughter of Manuel I of Portugal and Maria of Aragon. By her marriage to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Isabella was also Holy Roman Empress and Queen...
, and of John III of Portugal
John III of Portugal
John III , nicknamed o Piedoso , was the fifteenth King of Portugal and the Algarves. He was the son of King Manuel I and Maria of Aragon, the third daughter of King Ferdinand II of Aragon and Queen Isabella I of Castile...
with Catherine of Castile. He was translated
Translation (ecclesiastical)
Translation is the technical term when a Bishop is transferred from one diocese to another.This can be* From Suffragan Bishop status to Diocesan Bishop*From Coadjutor bishop to Diocesan Bishop*From one country's Episcopate to another...
to the see of Osma on December 31, 1523. He was promoted to Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela on June 8, 1524. He became president of the royal council in 1524 and held that office for the next fifteen years. He presided over the Cortes Generales
Cortes Generales
The Cortes Generales is the legislature of Spain. It is a bicameral parliament, composed of the Congress of Deputies and the Senate . The Cortes has power to enact any law and to amend the constitution...
held in Toledo
Toledo, Spain
Toledo's Alcázar became renowned in the 19th and 20th centuries as a military academy. At the outbreak of the Spanish Civil War in 1936 its garrison was famously besieged by Republican forces.-Economy:...
(1525), Valladolid
Valladolid
Valladolid is a historic city and municipality in north-central Spain, situated at the confluence of the Pisuerga and Esgueva rivers, and located within three wine-making regions: Ribera del Duero, Rueda and Cigales...
(1527), Madrid
Madrid
Madrid is the capital and largest city of Spain. The population of the city is roughly 3.3 million and the entire population of the Madrid metropolitan area is calculated to be 6.271 million. It is the third largest city in the European Union, after London and Berlin, and its metropolitan...
(1528), Valladolid (1537), and Toledo (1538).
Pope Clement VII
Pope Clement VII
Clement VII , born Giulio di Giuliano de' Medici, was a cardinal from 1513 to 1523 and was Pope from 1523 to 1534.-Early life:...
made Juan Pardo de Tavera a cardinal priest at the consistory
Consistory
-Antiquity:Originally, the Latin word consistorium meant simply 'sitting together', just as the Greek synedrion ....
of February 22, 1531. He subsequently received the red hat
Galero
A galero in the Catholic Church is a large, broad-brimmed tasseled hat worn by clergy. Over the centuries the galero was eventually limited in use to individual cardinals as a crown symbolizing the title of Prince of the Church...
and the title of San Giovanni a Porta Latina
San Giovanni a Porta Latina
San Giovanni a Porta Latina is a Basilica church in Rome, Italy, near the Porta Latina of the Aurelian Wall...
at the consistory of April 27, 1531.
He was transferred to the see of Toledo on April 27, 1534, thus becoming Primate of Spain.
Following the death of Isabella of Portugal
Isabella of Portugal
Isabella of Portugal was a Portuguese Princess and Holy Roman Empress, Duchess of Burgundy, and a Queen Regent/Consort of Spain. She was the daughter of Manuel I of Portugal and Maria of Aragon. By her marriage to Charles V, Holy Roman Emperor, Isabella was also Holy Roman Empress and Queen...
on May 1, 1539, Charles V, Holy Roman Empire appointed Juan Pardo de Tavera regent
Regent
A regent, from the Latin regens "one who reigns", is a person selected to act as head of state because the ruler is a minor, not present, or debilitated. Currently there are only two ruling Regencies in the world, sovereign Liechtenstein and the Malaysian constitutive state of Terengganu...
of Castile in his absence, a post he would hold until 1541. At the same time, he was appointed Grand Inquisitor
Grand Inquisitor
Grand Inquisitor is the lead official of an Inquisition. The most famous Inquisitor General is the Spanish Dominican Tomás de Torquemada, who spearheaded the Spanish Inquisition.-List of Spanish Grand Inquisitors:-Castile:-Aragon:...
of Spain
Spain
Spain , officially the Kingdom of Spain languages]] under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages. In each of these, Spain's official name is as follows:;;;;;;), is a country and member state of the European Union located in southwestern Europe on the Iberian Peninsula...
on June 10, 1539 and he began his duties as Grand Inquisitor on December 7, 1539.
He died in Valladolid on August 1, 1545. He was buried in the Hospital de San Juan Bautista de Toledo, in a marble tomb designed by Alonso Berruguete
Alonso Berruguete
Alonso González de Berruguete was a Spanish painter, sculptor and architect. He is considered to be the most important sculptor of the Spanish Renaissance, and is known for his emotive sculptures depicting religious ecstasy or torment.Born in the town of Paredes de Nava, Berrugete studied art...
.