Julian Przyboś was a Polish

Poland

Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...

 poet, essayist and translator, one of the most important poets of Kraków Avantgarde.

He was born in Gwoźnica

Gwoznica Górna

Gwoźnica Górna is a village in the administrative district of Gmina Niebylec, within Strzyżów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, in south-eastern Poland. It lies approximately south-east of Niebylec, south-east of Strzyżów, and south of the regional capital Rzeszów.The village has a population...

 near Strzyżów

Strzyzów

Strzyżów is a town in Strzyżów County, Subcarpathian Voivodeship, Poland with 8,709 inhabitants . Strzyżów is one of the towns within the Strzyżowsko-Dynowskie Foothill, located 160 km south-east of Kraków. Its building arrangement extends in the river of Wisłok valley, chained together with...

 to a peasant family. Since 1912 attended gymnasium

Konarski's High School in Rzeszów

The Konarski Secondary School in Rzeszów is one of the oldest secondary schools in Poland. The school is a coeducational public secondary school...

 in Rzeszów

Rzeszów

Rzeszów is a city in southeastern Poland with a population of 179,455 in 2010. It is located on both sides of the Wisłok River, in the heartland of the Sandomierska Valley...

. In 1920 took part in fights against Soviet Russia

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic

The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , commonly referred to as Soviet Russia, Bolshevik Russia, or simply Russia, was the largest, most populous and economically developed republic in the former Soviet Union....

 during the Polish-Soviet War

Polish-Soviet War

The Polish–Soviet War was an armed conflict between Soviet Russia and Soviet Ukraine and the Second Polish Republic and the Ukrainian People's Republic—four states in post–World War I Europe...

. In 1920-1923 studied Polish studies

Polish studies

Polish studies is the field of humanities that researches, documents and disseminates Polish language and literature in both its historic and present-day forms...

 at the Jagiellonian University

Jagiellonian University

The Jagiellonian University was established in 1364 by Casimir III the Great in Kazimierz . It is the oldest university in Poland, the second oldest university in Central Europe and one of the oldest universities in the world....

 in Kraków

Kraków

Kraków also Krakow, or Cracow , is the second largest and one of the oldest cities in Poland. Situated on the Vistula River in the Lesser Poland region, the city dates back to the 7th century. Kraków has traditionally been one of the leading centres of Polish academic, cultural, and artistic life...

 and later worked as a teacher in Sokal

Sokal

Sokal is a town located on the banks of the Bug River in the Lviv Oblast of western Ukraine. Serving as the administrative center of the Sokal Raion , the city itself also ranks as a separate raion within the oblast.- History :...

 (1923–1925), Chrzanów

Chrzanów

Chrzanów is a town in south Poland with 39,704 inhabitants . It is situated in the Lesser Poland Voivodeship and is the capital of Chrzanów County.- To 1809:...

 (1925–1927) and Cieszyn

Cieszyn

Cieszyn is a border-town and the seat of Cieszyn County, Silesian Voivodeship, southern Poland. It has 36,109 inhabitants . Cieszyn lies on the Olza River, a tributary of the Oder river, opposite Český Těšín....

 (1927–1939). During his stay in Cieszyn Przyboś published his works in Zaranie Śląskie

Zaranie Slaskie

Zaranie Śląskie was a Polish quarterly literary magazine devoted to the culture and history of Silesia. It was founded in 1907 by Dr Ernest Farnik and published in Cieszyn....

(1929–1938). He also published in many other magazines before and after the war.

In December 1939 Przyboś relocated to Lwów and in 1941 was arrested by Gestapo

Gestapo

The Gestapo was the official secret police of Nazi Germany. Beginning on 20 April 1934, it was under the administration of the SS leader Heinrich Himmler in his position as Chief of German Police...

, Nazi German

Nazi Germany

Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...

 secret police. After World War II

World War II

World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

 he became member of the Polish Workers' Party

Polish Workers' Party

The Polish Workers' Party was a communist party in Poland from 1942 to 1948. It was founded as a reconstitution of the Communist Party of Poland, and merged with the Polish Socialist Party in 1948 to form the Polish United Workers' Party.-History:...

, and later the Polish United Workers' Party

Polish United Workers' Party

The Polish United Workers' Party was the Communist party which governed the People's Republic of Poland from 1948 to 1989. Ideologically it was based on the theories of Marxism-Leninism.- The Party's Program and Goals :...

. In 1947-1951 worked as a diplomat in Switzerland

Switzerland

Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....

 and later became director of the Jagiellonian Library

Jagiellonian Library

Jagiellonian Library is the library of the Jagiellonian University in Kraków and with almost 6.7 million volumes, one of the biggest libraries in Poland, serving as a public library, university library and part of the Polish national library system...

 in Kraków. After the Hungarian Revolution of 1956 Przyboś left the Polish United Workers' Party.

Works

• Śruby (1925)
• Oburącz (1926)
• Z ponad (also known as Sponad) (1930)
• W głąb las (1932)
• Równanie serca (1938)
• Póki my żyjemy (1944)
• Miejsce na ziemi (1945)
• Czytając Mickiewicza (1950)

• Rzut pionowy (1952) - poetry collection
• Najmniej słów. Poezje. Materiały poetyckie. Objaśnienia (1955)
• Linia i gwar, vol. 1-2 (1956)
• Narzędzie ze światła (1958)
• Więcej o manifest (1962)
• Sens poetycki (1963)
• Na znak (1965)
• Kwiat nieznany (1968)

Further reading