Kandern
Encyclopedia
Kandern is a town in southwestern Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg
, in the Kreis
(district) of Lörrach
. During the Battle of Schliengen
, in which the French Revolution
ary army fought the forces of Austria
, the battle lines of both armies terminated in Kandern. It is near a landmark
called the "Three-Country Corner" (Dreiländereck in German) from which one can see parts of Germany
, France
, and Switzerland
.
To many in North America, Kandern is best known as the birthplace of John Sutter
. It was on Sutter's land that gold
was discovered in 1848, marking the beginning of intensive settlement in California
.
Today, Kandern has a large community of English
-speaking residents as a result of the presence of Black Forest Academy
. This is an English-language institution founded in 1956. Most of the students are children of Christian
missionaries
from around the world, mainly from the United States
, Canada
, and South Korea
.
The coat of arms
of Kandern is a pitcher on a yellow background. The blazon
is Or a covered Jug Gules.
Kandern lies in Southwestern Germany, at the foot of the Black Forest
. North of Kandern is the Hochblauen
, one of the highest hills in the southern Black Forest. The Hochblauen lies at the end of the Kander Valley, and the source of the Kander is located there. Through Kandern runs the well-known Westweg
, a hiking trail through the Black Forest from Pforzheim
to Basel
. Nearby, one can find the Sausenberg and its castle
.
Archaeological finds show that the area that is today Kandern was already inhabited in prehistoric times, by the Celts, and during the Roman
period. It was probably the local clay deposits that made the site attractive to the early settlers. The name Kandern is of Germanic
origin, meaning on the Kander. Kander
is the name of the stream that flows through the town. Its name comes from the Celtic
kandera for clear flowing.
Kandern is first mentioned in a document from the Abbey
of St. Martin
in Tours
, France
. The document states that one Gundoson bought iron "in loco municipalitum Chantra super fluvium Hantra" (in the area of the town of Kandern on the river Kander). The next mention of Kandern was in the year 776 when Lorsch Abbey
obtained the title to some land near Kandern. The annals of the cloister from the same period mention deliveries of iron from Kandern, showing that already by the 8th century it was a recognized location. Throughout the Middle Ages
iron working provided Kandern with a certain amount of prosperity and freedom.
The town of Kandern originally grew out of three localities:
Several monasteries owned land in the area, and therefore exercised an influence on Kandern's early history. The most important of these was the Abbey of St. Gall
en in modern Switzerland
. St. Gallen was a powerful Imperial abbey, and acquired considerable territory around Kandern in the early Middle Ages. As a result of defeat in the Investiture Controversy
, St. Gallen had to transfer its interests in the area to other monasteries, including St. Alban's in Basel
.
Kandern was the main town of the domains of Sausenburg, which became part of the possessions of the Margrave of Baden in 1503.
In 1810, Kandern was granted the right to become a city, the Stadtrecht
, which included among other rights the right to be called a city, and to hold a weekly market. Kandern lost the Stadtrecht due to municipal restructuring during the Third Reich.
In 1848, during the Badische Revolution
, a battle between revolutionaries under Friedrich Hecker and Hessian troops under Friedrich von Gagern occurred on the Scheidegg near Kandern. Gagern was killed in the encounter, but the revolutionaries were defeated and scattered.
Until 1972 Kandern was part of Landkreis (rural district) Müllheim
. On the dissolution of Landkreis Müllheim, Kandern became part of Landkreis Lörrach.
In 1974, the surrounding villages of Feuerbach, Holzen, Riedlingen, Sitzenkirch, Tannenkirch, and Wollbach jointed the town of Kandern, which then had the necessary population to reclaim the Stadtrecht. Kandern and the neighboring villages are now collectively referred to as the City of Kandern.
, Kandern took part in the Reformation
in 1556, and has remained predominately Protestant since.
The first documented mention of Feuerbach was is the Liber decimationis of the Bishopric of Konstanz. The village became part of the possessions of the Order of St. John in 1297 and eventually came to be owned by the Margrave of Hachberg
in 1470. In 1503 Feuerbach, like the rest of the Markgräflerland
, became part of Baden
. Feuerbach is a recognized wine
-producing municipality with around 12 hectare
s of vineyard
s. The modern church was built in 1846 on medieval foundations. Feuerbach's community building houses the village offices, a youth center, the fire department and a community hall for the use of local clubs and individuals.
The shield of Feurbach does not follow any of the themes used by the other Kandern municipalities. It is not a canting coat of arms, nor does it explicitly relate to the industrial tendencies of the citizens. It was in use long before the administrative merger with Kandern and had been officially registered in 1961.
The first documented reference to Holzen was in the year 1249. In recent times, Holzen has become well known for its large stork
population. A stork refuge was built in Holzen in 1979 in hopes of re-establishing the large birds in the area, where they used to be common in medieval and early modern times. The storks have spread over a wide area, and are particularly noticeable in their nests on church steeples throughout the Markgräflerland.
In addition to the village offices,the Holzen Rathaus (town hall) houses the Kandern Land Registration
office and the local youth center. New developments around Holzen complement the traditionally built Altdorf.
Wine production is an important part of the local agriculture, with 1473 are
s of vineyards in the area around the village.
The documentary evidence for the village of Riedlingen dates as far back as 972. This village in the valley of the Feuerbach creek
was already settled by the early Alamanni
tribes in Roman times, as excavation of burials in the area has shown. Here one finds a very traditional village center with a church and old farmhouses. New development has surrounded the old village, particularly on the slopes of the Schorner, a forested hill to the north. Riedlingen is the site of one of Kandern's industrial areas, as well as the Kandern golf
course. For two weeks each summer (and occasionally in winter) the "Theater im Hof" offers modern plays in a romantic interior courtyard converted to an open-air theater.
The first documented mention of Sitzenkirch was in 1120, when the village belonged to the Abbey of St. Blasien.
Notable sights in the village include a Romanesque
church built in 1290 and an overshot millwheel
. Until the time of the Reformation
there was a small convent
for nuns near the church. The village was destroyed during the German Peasants' War
of 1525, with only the church surviving. The church and convent remained in the possession of St. Blasien until 1805.
Tannenkirch was first documented in 1179. The village of Tannenkirch itself is composed of four smaller villages; Tannenkirch, Ettingen, Uttnach, and Gupf, the former three of which have grown together and are now coterminous. Due to Tannenkirch's location with good southern exposure, low precipitation, and an almost Mediterranean
microclimate
it is an ideal location for viniculture. An interpretive trail through the vineyards informs visitors about the traditions of wine
growing.
In clear weather Tannenkirch has a good view of the Alsace
, the Black Forest
, the Jura
and the peaks of the Bernese Alps
.
The village church contains medieval fresco
es, and a family of stork
s in the nest on the steeple.
During the Middle Ages, the Margrave
held court on the nearby Sausenhard. Kaltenherberge, today a riding stable, was originally a post station on the route from Basel
to Frankfurt.
Tannenkirch has its own kindergarten
and grade school. The main commercial activity is agriculture and vineyards (around 2262 are
- 22.62 hectare
s), as well as local tradesmen
and an implement
dealership.
See also Tannenkirch in the German Wikipedia.
Wollbach was first documented in 767. Wollbach is the largest "suburb" of Kandern by population, and is composed of the villages of Wollbach, Egerten, Egisholz, Hammerstein, and Nebenau. There are three historical mills in Wollbach; the Hofmühle - still in operation today, the Hammersteiner Mühle - today a private house, and the Bruckmühle - currently a restaurant. In the surrounding forest there are remains of iron mines. Public facilities in Wollbach include a kindergarten, grade school, and sports hall. There are two museums in Wollbach, one of the painter
Max Böhlen
in his former house (today a restaurant), and a historical Lime kiln in Nebenau.
See also Wollbach in the German Wikipedia.
à
of Kandern was granted on 11 November 1975. The blazon
is Or a covered Jug Gules. The jug, or kanne, alludes to the town's name, and was first used on border stones as a village sign in the 18th century. There are no old seals known from the village. The oldest seals date from the early 19th century and show the shield bearing the jug. Since that time, all seals and images of the arms have shown this symbol, though its size and shape have changed considerably.
Max-Böhlen-Museumhttp://www.max-boehlen-museum.de
Museumscafé Riedlingen
Weil am Rhein
- Stockach
and the Bundesstraße 3 Buxtehude
- Weil am Rhein connect Kandern to the long distance traffic net.
The tourist railway Chanderli runs along the route of the former Kandertalbahn (Kander Valley Railway) from Kandern to Haltingen.
School Centre in Kandern consists of a Hauptschule
and a Realschule
. There are grade schools (grades 1 - 4) in Kandern and Tannenkirch. Wollbach has an extension campus of the Kandern grade school and a Förderschule (Special education
). Black Forest Academy
, an English-speaking private school (grades 1 - 12) is also located in Kandern. In addition, there are two communal and two Lutheran kindergarten
s, and one private Waldorf kindergarten.
Baden-Württemberg
Baden-Württemberg is one of the 16 states of Germany. Baden-Württemberg is in the southwestern part of the country to the east of the Upper Rhine, and is the third largest in both area and population of Germany's sixteen states, with an area of and 10.7 million inhabitants...
, in the Kreis
Districts of Germany
The districts of Germany are known as , except in the states of North Rhine-Westphalia and Schleswig-Holstein where they are known simply as ....
(district) of Lörrach
Lörrach (district)
Lörrach is a Kreis in the south-west of Baden-Württemberg, Germany. Neighboring districts are Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald and Waldshut...
. During the Battle of Schliengen
Battle of Schliengen
At the Battle of Schliengen , both the French Republican Army commanded by Jean-Victor Moreau and the Austrian army under the command of Archduke Charles of Austria claimed victories...
, in which the French Revolution
French Revolution
The French Revolution , sometimes distinguished as the 'Great French Revolution' , was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France and Europe. The absolute monarchy that had ruled France for centuries collapsed in three years...
ary army fought the forces of Austria
Austria
Austria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
, the battle lines of both armies terminated in Kandern. It is near a landmark
Tripoint
A tripoint, or trijunction , is a geographical point at which the borders of three countries or subnational entities meet....
called the "Three-Country Corner" (Dreiländereck in German) from which one can see parts of Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
, and Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
.
John Sutter
Johann Augus Sutter was a Swiss pioneer of California known for his association with the California Gold Rush by the discovery of gold by James W. Marshall and the mill making team at Sutter's Mill, and for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, the...
. It was on Sutter's land that gold
Gold
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
was discovered in 1848, marking the beginning of intensive settlement in California
California
California is a state located on the West Coast of the United States. It is by far the most populous U.S. state, and the third-largest by land area...
.
Today, Kandern has a large community of English
English language
English is a West Germanic language that arose in the Anglo-Saxon kingdoms of England and spread into what was to become south-east Scotland under the influence of the Anglian medieval kingdom of Northumbria...
-speaking residents as a result of the presence of Black Forest Academy
Black Forest Academy
Black Forest Academy is a private, coeducational boarding school in southwestern Germany. It was founded in 1956 by TeachBeyond, formerly Janz Team Ministries, in Kandern, Baden-Württemberg and provides an English language education with a Christian worldview for both elementary and secondary...
. This is an English-language institution founded in 1956. Most of the students are children of Christian
Christianity
Christianity is a monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus as presented in canonical gospels and other New Testament writings...
missionaries
Missionary
A missionary is a member of a religious group sent into an area to do evangelism or ministries of service, such as education, literacy, social justice, health care and economic development. The word "mission" originates from 1598 when the Jesuits sent members abroad, derived from the Latin...
from around the world, mainly from the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
, Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
, and South Korea
South Korea
The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...
.
The coat of arms
Coat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
of Kandern is a pitcher on a yellow background. The blazon
Blazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...
is Or a covered Jug Gules.
Geography
Black Forest
The Black Forest is a wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. The highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres ....
. North of Kandern is the Hochblauen
Hochblauen
The Hochblauen is a 1165 metre high mountain in the southern Black Forest. The peak lies within the municipalities of Schliengen and Malsburg-Marzell in Landkreis Lörrach and the community of Badenweiler in LandkreisBreisgau-Hochschwarzwald...
, one of the highest hills in the southern Black Forest. The Hochblauen lies at the end of the Kander Valley, and the source of the Kander is located there. Through Kandern runs the well-known Westweg
Westweg
The Westweg, , is a long-distance hiking trail running north-south through the Black Forest from Pforzheim to Basel. The trail is around 285 kilometres long, and was founded in 1900. It is currently maintained under the auspices of the Schwarzwaldverein...
, a hiking trail through the Black Forest from Pforzheim
Pforzheim
Pforzheim is a town of nearly 119,000 inhabitants in the state of Baden-Württemberg, southwest Germany at the gate to the Black Forest. It is world-famous for its jewelry and watch-making industry. Until 1565 it was the home to the Margraves of Baden. Because of that it gained the nickname...
to Basel
Basel
Basel or Basle In the national languages of Switzerland the city is also known as Bâle , Basilea and Basilea is Switzerland's third most populous city with about 166,000 inhabitants. Located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany...
. Nearby, one can find the Sausenberg and its castle
Sausenburg Castle
Sausenburg Castle is a German castle ruin at the foot of the Black Forest, just north of the city of Kandern in Baden-Württemberg, between the villages of Sitzenkirch and Malsburg-Marzell. The castle was originally the stronghold of the lords von Sausenburg...
.
Neighboring Communities
| Schliengen Schliengen Schliengen is a town in southwestern Germany in the state of Baden-Württemberg, in the Kreis of Lörrach. Schliengen's claim to international fame is the Battle of Schliengen, fought between forces of the French Revolutionary army under Jean-Victor Moreau and the Austrian army under Karl von... |
Müllheim Müllheim Müllheim is a town in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It belongs to the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald. Müllheim is generally considered to be the center of the region known as Markgräflerland.-History:... |
Malsburg-Marzell Malsburg-Marzell Malsburg-Marzell is a town in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany. The town's coat of arms bears a wooded hill on which rests a castle ruin. This is a reference to the nearby Sausenburg.... |
| Bad Bellingen Bad Bellingen Bad Bellingen is a municipality in the German state of Baden-Württemberg. It is on the border with France to the west. It is in the German landkreis of Lörrach. The closest larger city is Müllheim which is about 10 km to the north.... |
 |
Steinen - Endenburg |
| Efringen-Kirchen Efringen-Kirchen Efringen-Kirchen is a town in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.-Fortifications:During World War I fortifications were built at Istein, these were destroyed at the end of the war. In 1936 plans were drawn up to turn the location into the "Gibraltar of the West" with two... |
Wittlingen Wittlingen Wittlingen is a town in the southwestern German state of Baden-Württemberg, part of the district Lörrach. The coat of arms of Wittlingen was granted 1906 and show the arms of Baden impaled by a plow iron as a symbol for the agricultural character of the town. The blazon is Or a Bend Gules impaling... , Rümmingen Rümmingen Rümmingen is a town in the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg in Germany.... , Lörrach Lörrach Lörrach is a city in southwest Germany, in the valley of the Wiese, close to the French and the Swiss border. It is the capital of the district of Lörrach in Baden-Württemberg. The biggest industry is the chocolate factory Milka... |
Steinen |
Boroughs (Ortsteile)
The city of Kandern consists of the town of Kandern itself, and the following villages:
|
|
History
Ancient Rome
Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....
period. It was probably the local clay deposits that made the site attractive to the early settlers. The name Kandern is of Germanic
Germanic languages
The Germanic languages constitute a sub-branch of the Indo-European language family. The common ancestor of all of the languages in this branch is called Proto-Germanic , which was spoken in approximately the mid-1st millennium BC in Iron Age northern Europe...
origin, meaning on the Kander. Kander
Kander (Germany)
The Kander is a small river flowing from the southern Black Forest westward into the Rhine River- Geography :The Kander rises at the head of the Kandertal on the Hochblauen in the Black Forest. Within the first 10 km of its course to Kandern, the Kander loses 650m of elevation...
is the name of the stream that flows through the town. Its name comes from the Celtic
Celtic languages
The Celtic languages are descended from Proto-Celtic, or "Common Celtic"; a branch of the greater Indo-European language family...
kandera for clear flowing.
Kandern is first mentioned in a document from the Abbey
Abbey
An abbey is a Catholic monastery or convent, under the authority of an Abbot or an Abbess, who serves as the spiritual father or mother of the community.The term can also refer to an establishment which has long ceased to function as an abbey,...
of St. Martin
Martin of Tours
Martin of Tours was a Bishop of Tours whose shrine became a famous stopping-point for pilgrims on the road to Santiago de Compostela. Around his name much legendary material accrued, and he has become one of the most familiar and recognizable Christian saints...
in Tours
Tours
Tours is a city in central France, the capital of the Indre-et-Loire department.It is located on the lower reaches of the river Loire, between Orléans and the Atlantic coast. Touraine, the region around Tours, is known for its wines, the alleged perfection of its local spoken French, and for the...
, France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...
. The document states that one Gundoson bought iron "in loco municipalitum Chantra super fluvium Hantra" (in the area of the town of Kandern on the river Kander). The next mention of Kandern was in the year 776 when Lorsch Abbey
Lorsch Abbey
The Abbey of Lorsch is a former Imperial Abbey in Lorsch, Germany, about 10 km east of Worms, one of the most renowned monasteries of the Carolingian Empire. Even in its ruined state, its remains are among the most important pre-Romanesque–Carolingian style buildings in Germany...
obtained the title to some land near Kandern. The annals of the cloister from the same period mention deliveries of iron from Kandern, showing that already by the 8th century it was a recognized location. Throughout the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
iron working provided Kandern with a certain amount of prosperity and freedom.
The town of Kandern originally grew out of three localities:
- Kandern, in the area of the present-day Lutheran church,
- Minder-Kandern, near the present-day swimming pool, and
- a settlement on the flat valley bottom near the paper mill
Several monasteries owned land in the area, and therefore exercised an influence on Kandern's early history. The most important of these was the Abbey of St. Gall
Abbey of St. Gall
The Abbey of Saint Gall is a religious complex in the city of St. Gallen in present-day Switzerland. The Carolingian-era Abbey has existed since 719 and became an independent principality during the 13th century, and was for many centuries one of the chief Benedictine abbeys in Europe. It was...
en in modern Switzerland
Switzerland
Switzerland name of one of the Swiss cantons. ; ; ; or ), in its full name the Swiss Confederation , is a federal republic consisting of 26 cantons, with Bern as the seat of the federal authorities. The country is situated in Western Europe,Or Central Europe depending on the definition....
. St. Gallen was a powerful Imperial abbey, and acquired considerable territory around Kandern in the early Middle Ages. As a result of defeat in the Investiture Controversy
Investiture Controversy
The Investiture Controversy or Investiture Contest was the most significant conflict between Church and state in medieval Europe. In the 11th and 12th centuries, a series of Popes challenged the authority of European monarchies over control of appointments, or investitures, of church officials such...
, St. Gallen had to transfer its interests in the area to other monasteries, including St. Alban's in Basel
Basel
Basel or Basle In the national languages of Switzerland the city is also known as Bâle , Basilea and Basilea is Switzerland's third most populous city with about 166,000 inhabitants. Located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany...
.
Kandern was the main town of the domains of Sausenburg, which became part of the possessions of the Margrave of Baden in 1503.
In 1810, Kandern was granted the right to become a city, the Stadtrecht
German town law
German town law or German municipal concerns concerns town privileges used by many cities, towns, and villages throughout Central and Eastern Europe during the Middle Ages.- Town law in Germany :...
, which included among other rights the right to be called a city, and to hold a weekly market. Kandern lost the Stadtrecht due to municipal restructuring during the Third Reich.
In 1848, during the Badische Revolution
Revolutions of 1848 in the German states
The Revolutions of 1848 in the German states, also called the March Revolution – part of the Revolutions of 1848 that broke out in many countries of Europe – were a series of loosely coordinated protests and rebellions in the states of the German Confederation, including the Austrian Empire...
, a battle between revolutionaries under Friedrich Hecker and Hessian troops under Friedrich von Gagern occurred on the Scheidegg near Kandern. Gagern was killed in the encounter, but the revolutionaries were defeated and scattered.
Until 1972 Kandern was part of Landkreis (rural district) Müllheim
Müllheim
Müllheim is a town in Baden-Württemberg in southern Germany. It belongs to the district Breisgau-Hochschwarzwald. Müllheim is generally considered to be the center of the region known as Markgräflerland.-History:...
. On the dissolution of Landkreis Müllheim, Kandern became part of Landkreis Lörrach.
In 1974, the surrounding villages of Feuerbach, Holzen, Riedlingen, Sitzenkirch, Tannenkirch, and Wollbach jointed the town of Kandern, which then had the necessary population to reclaim the Stadtrecht. Kandern and the neighboring villages are now collectively referred to as the City of Kandern.
Religion
As in all of the Margravite of BadenBaden
Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany....
, Kandern took part in the Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
in 1556, and has remained predominately Protestant since.
Feuerbach
The first documented mention of Feuerbach was is the Liber decimationis of the Bishopric of Konstanz. The village became part of the possessions of the Order of St. John in 1297 and eventually came to be owned by the Margrave of Hachberg
Sausenburg Castle
Sausenburg Castle is a German castle ruin at the foot of the Black Forest, just north of the city of Kandern in Baden-Württemberg, between the villages of Sitzenkirch and Malsburg-Marzell. The castle was originally the stronghold of the lords von Sausenburg...
in 1470. In 1503 Feuerbach, like the rest of the Markgräflerland
Markgräflerland
Markgräflerland is a region in the southwest of Germany, in the south of the German federal state of Baden-Württemberg, located between the Breisgau in the north and the Black Forest in the east.-History and geography:...
, became part of Baden
Baden
Baden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany....
. Feuerbach is a recognized wine
Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage, made of fermented fruit juice, usually from grapes. The natural chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, or other nutrients. Grape wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast...
-producing municipality with around 12 hectare
Hectare
The hectare is a metric unit of area defined as 10,000 square metres , and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2...
s of vineyard
Vineyard
A vineyard is a plantation of grape-bearing vines, grown mainly for winemaking, but also raisins, table grapes and non-alcoholic grape juice...
s. The modern church was built in 1846 on medieval foundations. Feuerbach's community building houses the village offices, a youth center, the fire department and a community hall for the use of local clubs and individuals.
The shield of Feurbach does not follow any of the themes used by the other Kandern municipalities. It is not a canting coat of arms, nor does it explicitly relate to the industrial tendencies of the citizens. It was in use long before the administrative merger with Kandern and had been officially registered in 1961.
Holzen
The first documented reference to Holzen was in the year 1249. In recent times, Holzen has become well known for its large stork
Stork
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family Ciconiidae. They are the only family in the biological order Ciconiiformes, which was once much larger and held a number of families....
population. A stork refuge was built in Holzen in 1979 in hopes of re-establishing the large birds in the area, where they used to be common in medieval and early modern times. The storks have spread over a wide area, and are particularly noticeable in their nests on church steeples throughout the Markgräflerland.
In addition to the village offices,the Holzen Rathaus (town hall) houses the Kandern Land Registration
Land registration
Land registration generally describes systems by which matters concerning ownership, possession or other rights in land can be recorded to provide evidence of title, facilitate transactions and to prevent unlawful disposal...
office and the local youth center. New developments around Holzen complement the traditionally built Altdorf.
Wine production is an important part of the local agriculture, with 1473 are
ARE
Are, ARE or Åre may refer to: United Arab Emirates using ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code*The second-person singular and plural forms of the verb "to be", copula of the English language...
s of vineyards in the area around the village.
Riedlingen
The documentary evidence for the village of Riedlingen dates as far back as 972. This village in the valley of the Feuerbach creek
Stream
A stream is a body of water with a current, confined within a bed and stream banks. Depending on its locale or certain characteristics, a stream may be referred to as a branch, brook, beck, burn, creek, "crick", gill , kill, lick, rill, river, syke, bayou, rivulet, streamage, wash, run or...
was already settled by the early Alamanni
Alamanni
The Alamanni, Allemanni, or Alemanni were originally an alliance of Germanic tribes located around the upper Rhine river . One of the earliest references to them is the cognomen Alamannicus assumed by Roman Emperor Caracalla, who ruled the Roman Empire from 211 to 217 and claimed thereby to be...
tribes in Roman times, as excavation of burials in the area has shown. Here one finds a very traditional village center with a church and old farmhouses. New development has surrounded the old village, particularly on the slopes of the Schorner, a forested hill to the north. Riedlingen is the site of one of Kandern's industrial areas, as well as the Kandern golf
Golf
Golf is a precision club and ball sport, in which competing players use many types of clubs to hit balls into a series of holes on a golf course using the fewest number of strokes....
course. For two weeks each summer (and occasionally in winter) the "Theater im Hof" offers modern plays in a romantic interior courtyard converted to an open-air theater.
Sitzenkirch
The first documented mention of Sitzenkirch was in 1120, when the village belonged to the Abbey of St. Blasien.
Notable sights in the village include a Romanesque
Romanesque architecture
Romanesque architecture is an architectural style of Medieval Europe characterised by semi-circular arches. There is no consensus for the beginning date of the Romanesque architecture, with proposals ranging from the 6th to the 10th century. It developed in the 12th century into the Gothic style,...
church built in 1290 and an overshot millwheel
Water wheel
A water wheel is a machine for converting the energy of free-flowing or falling water into useful forms of power. A water wheel consists of a large wooden or metal wheel, with a number of blades or buckets arranged on the outside rim forming the driving surface...
. Until the time of the Reformation
Protestant Reformation
The Protestant Reformation was a 16th-century split within Western Christianity initiated by Martin Luther, John Calvin and other early Protestants. The efforts of the self-described "reformers", who objected to the doctrines, rituals and ecclesiastical structure of the Roman Catholic Church, led...
there was a small convent
Convent
A convent is either a community of priests, religious brothers, religious sisters, or nuns, or the building used by the community, particularly in the Roman Catholic Church and in the Anglican Communion...
for nuns near the church. The village was destroyed during the German Peasants' War
German Peasants' War
The German Peasants' War or Great Peasants' Revolt was a widespread popular revolt in the German-speaking areas of Central Europe, 1524–1526. At its height in the spring and summer of 1525, the conflict involved an estimated 300,000 peasants: contemporary estimates put the dead at 100,000...
of 1525, with only the church surviving. The church and convent remained in the possession of St. Blasien until 1805.
Tannenkirch
Tannenkirch was first documented in 1179. The village of Tannenkirch itself is composed of four smaller villages; Tannenkirch, Ettingen, Uttnach, and Gupf, the former three of which have grown together and are now coterminous. Due to Tannenkirch's location with good southern exposure, low precipitation, and an almost Mediterranean
Mediterranean climate
A Mediterranean climate is the climate typical of most of the lands in the Mediterranean Basin, and is a particular variety of subtropical climate...
microclimate
Microclimate
A microclimate is a local atmospheric zone where the climate differs from the surrounding area. The term may refer to areas as small as a few square feet or as large as many square miles...
it is an ideal location for viniculture. An interpretive trail through the vineyards informs visitors about the traditions of wine
Wine
Wine is an alcoholic beverage, made of fermented fruit juice, usually from grapes. The natural chemical balance of grapes lets them ferment without the addition of sugars, acids, enzymes, or other nutrients. Grape wine is produced by fermenting crushed grapes using various types of yeast. Yeast...
growing.
In clear weather Tannenkirch has a good view of the Alsace
Alsace
Alsace is the fifth-smallest of the 27 regions of France in land area , and the smallest in metropolitan France. It is also the seventh-most densely populated region in France and third most densely populated region in metropolitan France, with ca. 220 inhabitants per km²...
, the Black Forest
Black Forest
The Black Forest is a wooded mountain range in Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. It is bordered by the Rhine valley to the west and south. The highest peak is the Feldberg with an elevation of 1,493 metres ....
, the Jura
Jura mountains
The Jura Mountains are a small mountain range located north of the Alps, separating the Rhine and Rhone rivers and forming part of the watershed of each...
and the peaks of the Bernese Alps
Bernese Alps
The Bernese Alps are a group of mountain ranges in the western part of the Alps, in Switzerland. Although the name suggests that they are located in the Bernese Oberland region of the canton of Bern, portions of the Bernese Alps are in the adjacent cantons of Valais, Lucerne, Obwalden, Fribourg and...
.
The village church contains medieval fresco
Fresco
Fresco is any of several related mural painting types, executed on plaster on walls or ceilings. The word fresco comes from the Greek word affresca which derives from the Latin word for "fresh". Frescoes first developed in the ancient world and continued to be popular through the Renaissance...
es, and a family of stork
Stork
Storks are large, long-legged, long-necked wading birds with long, stout bills. They belong to the family Ciconiidae. They are the only family in the biological order Ciconiiformes, which was once much larger and held a number of families....
s in the nest on the steeple.
During the Middle Ages, the Margrave
Margrave
A margrave or margravine was a medieval hereditary nobleman with military responsibilities in a border province of a kingdom. Border provinces usually had more exposure to military incursions from the outside, compared to interior provinces, and thus a margrave usually had larger and more active...
held court on the nearby Sausenhard. Kaltenherberge, today a riding stable, was originally a post station on the route from Basel
Basel
Basel or Basle In the national languages of Switzerland the city is also known as Bâle , Basilea and Basilea is Switzerland's third most populous city with about 166,000 inhabitants. Located where the Swiss, French and German borders meet, Basel also has suburbs in France and Germany...
to Frankfurt.
Tannenkirch has its own kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...
and grade school. The main commercial activity is agriculture and vineyards (around 2262 are
ARE
Are, ARE or Åre may refer to: United Arab Emirates using ISO 3166-1 alpha-3 country code*The second-person singular and plural forms of the verb "to be", copula of the English language...
- 22.62 hectare
Hectare
The hectare is a metric unit of area defined as 10,000 square metres , and primarily used in the measurement of land. In 1795, when the metric system was introduced, the are was defined as being 100 square metres and the hectare was thus 100 ares or 1/100 km2...
s), as well as local tradesmen
Tradesman
This article is about the skilled manual worker meaning of the term; for other uses see Tradesperson .A tradesman is a skilled manual worker in a particular trade or craft. Economically and socially, a tradesman's status is considered between a laborer and a professional, with a high degree of both...
and an implement
Agricultural machinery
Agricultural machinery is machinery used in the operation of an agricultural area or farm.-Hand tools:The first person to turn from the hunting and gathering lifestyle to farming probably did so by using his bare hands, and perhaps some sticks or stones. Tools such as knives, scythes, and wooden...
dealership.
See also Tannenkirch in the German Wikipedia.
Wollbach
Wollbach was first documented in 767. Wollbach is the largest "suburb" of Kandern by population, and is composed of the villages of Wollbach, Egerten, Egisholz, Hammerstein, and Nebenau. There are three historical mills in Wollbach; the Hofmühle - still in operation today, the Hammersteiner Mühle - today a private house, and the Bruckmühle - currently a restaurant. In the surrounding forest there are remains of iron mines. Public facilities in Wollbach include a kindergarten, grade school, and sports hall. There are two museums in Wollbach, one of the painter
Painting
Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a surface . The application of the medium is commonly applied to the base with a brush but other objects can be used. In art, the term painting describes both the act and the result of the action. However, painting is...
Max Böhlen
Max Böhlen
Max Böhlen was a Swiss painter.-References:*This article was initially translated from the German Wikipedia....
in his former house (today a restaurant), and a historical Lime kiln in Nebenau.
See also Wollbach in the German Wikipedia.
Town Council
The town council currently consists of 20 members, besides the mayor. The elections of June 13, 2004 had the following results- CDUChristian Democratic Union (Germany)The Christian Democratic Union of Germany is a Christian democratic and conservative political party in Germany. It is regarded as on the centre-right of the German political spectrum...
35.6% - 7 seats (-2) - FWV 27.4% - 6 seats (+1)
- SPDSocial Democratic Party of GermanyThe Social Democratic Party of Germany is a social-democratic political party in Germany...
20.9% - 4 seats (=) - GRÜNE 16.1% - 3 seats (=)
Coat of Arms
The coat of armsCoat of arms
A coat of arms is a unique heraldic design on a shield or escutcheon or on a surcoat or tabard used to cover and protect armour and to identify the wearer. Thus the term is often stated as "coat-armour", because it was anciently displayed on the front of a coat of cloth...
of Kandern was granted on 11 November 1975. The blazon
Blazon
In heraldry and heraldic vexillology, a blazon is a formal description of a coat of arms, flag or similar emblem, from which the reader can reconstruct the appropriate image...
is Or a covered Jug Gules. The jug, or kanne, alludes to the town's name, and was first used on border stones as a village sign in the 18th century. There are no old seals known from the village. The oldest seals date from the early 19th century and show the shield bearing the jug. Since that time, all seals and images of the arms have shown this symbol, though its size and shape have changed considerably.
Museums
Heimat- und Keramikmuseum Kandern (Homeland and Ceramic Museum)- The museum was opened in 1776 in a stepped gableCrow-stepped gableA Stepped gable, Crow-stepped gable, or Corbie step is a stair-step type of design at the top of the triangular gable-end of a building...
house from the 16th century. In addition to many documents and items from Kandern's history, the museum has a large collection of local pottery from the medieval times to the present. - The first floor contains a wide variety of utilitarian pottery made in Kandern through the ages. The second floor is dedicated to artistic pottery, including work from Max LaeugerMax LaeugerMax Laeuger was a German architect.He was born and died in Lörrach.In 1928 he won a bronze medal in the art competitions of the Olympic Games for his "The Hamburg City Park".-External links:* *...
, one of the pioneers of modern German pottery, pieces from the FayenceFaienceFaience or faïence is the conventional name in English for fine tin-glazed pottery on a delicate pale buff earthenware body, originally associated with Faenza in northern Italy. The invention of a white pottery glaze suitable for painted decoration, by the addition of an oxide of tin to the slip...
-Manufaktur Kandern (1927 - 1938), Richard Bampi, Horst Kerstan, and current artists. - Historical artifacts include a copy of the "Goldenen Sau von Kandern" (Golden Sow of Kandern), a drinking pitcher in the shape of a wild boar commissioned by the MargraveMargraveA margrave or margravine was a medieval hereditary nobleman with military responsibilities in a border province of a kingdom. Border provinces usually had more exposure to military incursions from the outside, compared to interior provinces, and thus a margrave usually had larger and more active...
in 1605 to commemorate a successful hunt in the Kandern area. The original is in the Badischen Landesmuseum in KarlsruheKarlsruheThe City of Karlsruhe is a city in the southwest of Germany, in the state of Baden-Württemberg, located near the French-German border.Karlsruhe was founded in 1715 as Karlsruhe Palace, when Germany was a series of principalities and city states...
. In addition, the museum has items from the Battle of Kandern, an important battle in the Badische Revolution of 1848.
Max-Böhlen-Museumhttp://www.max-boehlen-museum.de
- The Bernese painter Max Böhlen (1902 - 1971) lived and worked from 1939 in Kandern - Egerten. His house is now a restaurant with a museum which retains the impressions of the artist and a cross - section of his work.
Museumscafé Riedlingen
- The Museumscafe is located in the manor house of the Riedlingen's former tithe barnTithe barnA tithe barn was a type of barn used in much of northern Europe in the Middle Ages for storing the tithes - a tenth of the farm's produce which had to be given to the church....
, built in 1825. The museum contains toy collection including over 50 dollhouseDollhouseA dollhouse is a toy home, made in miniature. For the last century, dollhouses have primarily been the domain of children but their collection and crafting is also a hobby for many adults. The term dollhouse is common in the United States and Canada...
s and many stuffed bearsTeddy bearThe teddy bear is a stuffed toy bear. They are usually stuffed with soft, white cotton and have smooth and soft fur. It is an enduring form of a stuffed animal in many countries, often serving the purpose of entertaining children. In recent times, some teddy bears have become collector's items...
.
Important Structures
- Blumenplatz - a marketplaceMarketplaceA marketplace is the space, actual, virtual or metaphorical, in which a market operates. The term is also used in a trademark law context to denote the actual consumer environment, ie. the 'real world' in which products and services are provided and consumed.-Marketplaces and street markets:A...
framed by classicalNeoclassicismNeoclassicism is the name given to Western movements in the decorative and visual arts, literature, theatre, music, and architecture that draw inspiration from the "classical" art and culture of Ancient Greece or Ancient Rome...
, uniform row houses. - John SutterJohn SutterJohann Augus Sutter was a Swiss pioneer of California known for his association with the California Gold Rush by the discovery of gold by James W. Marshall and the mill making team at Sutter's Mill, and for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, the...
's birthplace - Sausenburg CastleSausenburg CastleSausenburg Castle is a German castle ruin at the foot of the Black Forest, just north of the city of Kandern in Baden-Württemberg, between the villages of Sitzenkirch and Malsburg-Marzell. The castle was originally the stronghold of the lords von Sausenburg...
- ruins of a castle from the 13th century. - Schloss Bürgeln - a former abbeyAbbeyAn abbey is a Catholic monastery or convent, under the authority of an Abbot or an Abbess, who serves as the spiritual father or mother of the community.The term can also refer to an establishment which has long ceased to function as an abbey,...
and provostProvost (religion)A provost is a senior official in a number of Christian churches.-Historical Development:The word praepositus was originally applied to any ecclesiastical ruler or dignitary...
's palace begun in the 10th century.
Economy and Infrastructure
Iron ore mining was an important activity in Kandern area until the 19th century, but is no longer practiced.Transportation
The Autobahn A 98Bundesautobahn 98
is a long motorway in southern Germany, originally intended to connect Weil am Rhein with the A 8 near Irschenberg.Currently, only three comparatively short separate sections are in existence:...
Weil am Rhein
Weil am Rhein
Weil am Rhein is a German town and commune which is a suburb of the city of Basel in Switzerland. It is situated on the east bank of the River Rhine, and close to the point at which the Swiss, French and German borders meet. It is the most southwesterly town in Germany.-Geography:Weil am Rhein is...
- Stockach
Stockach
Stockach is a town in the district of Konstanz, in southern Baden-Württemberg, Germany.-Location:It is situated in the Hegau region, about 5 km northwest of Lake Constance, 13 km north of Radolfzell and 25 km northwest of Konstanz....
and the Bundesstraße 3 Buxtehude
Buxtehude
Buxtehude is a town on the Este River in Northern Germany in the district of Stade and part of the Hamburg Metropolitan Region . Buxtehude is a steadily growing medium-sized town and the second largest in the district of Stade. It lies on the southern borders of the Altes Land within easy reach of...
- Weil am Rhein connect Kandern to the long distance traffic net.
The tourist railway Chanderli runs along the route of the former Kandertalbahn (Kander Valley Railway) from Kandern to Haltingen.
Education
The August MackeAugust Macke
August Macke was one of the leading members of the German Expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter . He lived during a particularly innovative time for German art which saw the development of the main German Expressionist movements as well as the arrival of the successive avant-garde movements which...
School Centre in Kandern consists of a Hauptschule
Hauptschule
A Hauptschule is a secondary school in Germany and Austria, starting after 4 years of elementary schooling, which offers Lower Secondary Education according to the International Standard Classification of Education...
and a Realschule
Realschule
The Realschule is a type of secondary school in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, and Liechtenstein. It has also existed in Croatia , Denmark , Sweden , Hungary and in the Russian Empire .-History:The Realschule was an outgrowth of the rationalism and empiricism of the seventeenth and...
. There are grade schools (grades 1 - 4) in Kandern and Tannenkirch. Wollbach has an extension campus of the Kandern grade school and a Förderschule (Special education
Special education
Special education is the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses the students' individual differences and needs. Ideally, this process involves the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials,...
). Black Forest Academy
Black Forest Academy
Black Forest Academy is a private, coeducational boarding school in southwestern Germany. It was founded in 1956 by TeachBeyond, formerly Janz Team Ministries, in Kandern, Baden-Württemberg and provides an English language education with a Christian worldview for both elementary and secondary...
, an English-speaking private school (grades 1 - 12) is also located in Kandern. In addition, there are two communal and two Lutheran kindergarten
Kindergarten
A kindergarten is a preschool educational institution for children. The term was created by Friedrich Fröbel for the play and activity institute that he created in 1837 in Bad Blankenburg as a social experience for children for their transition from home to school...
s, and one private Waldorf kindergarten.
Born in Kandern
- Carl Mez (* 1808; † 1877), Industrialist and politician. Member of the Frankfurt Assembly, member of the BadenBadenBaden is a historical state on the east bank of the Rhine in the southwest of Germany, now the western part of the Baden-Württemberg of Germany....
LandtagLandtagA Landtag is a representative assembly or parliament in German-speaking countries with some legislative authority.- Name :...
(parliament). - John SutterJohn SutterJohann Augus Sutter was a Swiss pioneer of California known for his association with the California Gold Rush by the discovery of gold by James W. Marshall and the mill making team at Sutter's Mill, and for establishing Sutter's Fort in the area that would eventually become Sacramento, the...
(* 1803; † 1880 in Washington, D.C.), known as the "California Kaiser".
Resided in Kandern
- Adolf Kußmaul, Doctor and medical pioneer, practiced for a time in 1850 in Kandern.
- Paul Hübner, Painter and author.
- August MackeAugust MackeAugust Macke was one of the leading members of the German Expressionist group Der Blaue Reiter . He lived during a particularly innovative time for German art which saw the development of the main German Expressionist movements as well as the arrival of the successive avant-garde movements which...
, Expressionist painter - Used Kandern streets as a subject. - Max BöhlenMax BöhlenMax Böhlen was a Swiss painter.-References:*This article was initially translated from the German Wikipedia....
, Painter who lived and painted in Kandern-Egerten from 1939 to his death in 1971.