Kayseri
Encyclopedia
Kayseri (ˈkajseɾi) is a large and industrialized city in Central Anatolia, Turkey
. It is the seat of Kayseri Province
. The city of Kayseri, as defined by the boundaries of Kayseri Metropolitan Municipality, is structurally composed of five metropolitan districts, the two core districts of Kocasinan
and Melikgazi
, and since 2004, also Hacılar
, İncesu
and Talas
. In conjunction with the addition of new districts and first stage municipalities into the metropolitan area, the city's population, which was 690,000 in 2000, was over 1,050,000 as of 2010, making it the seventh most populous city in Turkey.
Kayseri is located at the foot of the extinct volcano Mount Erciyes
that towers 3916 m over the city. Its inhabitants (Kayserili) are renowned for their alertness, entrepreneurial spirit and a strict understanding regarding the management of economies, the last point having been the subject of more than a few legends in Turkey. The city itself is a blend of wealth, modernity and provincial conservatism and is often cited in the first ranks among Turkey's cities that fit the definition of Anatolian Tigers
.
Renowned for its culinary specialties such as mantı
, pastirma
and sucuk, the city is also rich in historical monuments (dating especially from the Seljuk period). While it is generally visited en-route to the international tourist attractions of Cappadocia
, Kayseri has many visitor's attractions by its own right; Seljuk and Ottoman era monuments in and around the center, Mount Erciyes as trekking
and alpinism center, Zamantı River
as rafting
center, the historic sites of Kultepe, Ağırnas
, Talas
and Develi
to name a few. Kayseri is served by Erkilet International Airport
and is home to Erciyes University
.
. It was changed to Eusebia after Ariarathes V Eusebes, King of Cappadocia (163–130 BCE). It was changed again by Archelaus (d. 17), last King of Cappadocia (36 BCE–14 CE) and a Roman puppet, to Caesarea (in Cappadocia, to distinguish it from other cities with the same name) in honour of Caesar Augustus†. When the Muslim Arabs arrived they amended the name to Kaisariyah and this became Kayseri when the Seljuk Turks took control ca. 1080, which it has retained since.
. The city has always been a vital trade center since it is located on major trade routes, particularly along what was called the Great Silk Road
. Kültepe
, one of the oldest cities in Asia Minor
, lies nearby.
As Mazaca, the city served as the residence of the kings of Cappadocia
. In ancient times, it was on the crossroads of the trade routes from Sinop
e to the Euphrates
and from the Persian Royal Road that extended from Sardis
to Susa
. In Roman
times, a similar route from Ephesus
to the East also crossed the city.
The city's name was changed to Elimtesaria in honor of the Cappadocian king Ariathes V
(163–130 BCE). The name was changed again to Caesarea by the last Cappadocian King Archelaus
or perhaps by Tiberius
.
Caesarea stood on a low spur on the north side of Mount Erciyes
(Mons Argaeus in ancient times). The site, now called the old town, diplays only a few traces from the old town. It was destroyed by the Sassanid king Shapur I after his victory over the Emperor Valerian I in 260. At the time it was recorded to have around 400,000 inhabitants. In the 4th century, bishop Basil
established an ecclesiastical centre on the plain, about one mile to the northeast, which gradually supplanted the old town. A portion of Basil's new city was surrounded with strong walls and turned into a fortress by Justinian
.
The Arab general (and later the first Umayyad Caliph
) Muawiyah
invaded Cappadocia
and took Caesarea from the Byzantines
temporarily in 647. The city was called Kaisariyah by the Arabs and later Kayseri when it was captured shortly by the Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan
in 1064. It became one of the most prominent centers of initially the Danishmendids (1074–1178), and later the Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate (1178–1243), until it fell to the Mongols
in 1243. Within the walls lies the greater part of Kayseri rebuilt between the 13th and 16th centuries. The city became Ottoman
in the 15th century.
Thus, there were three golden-age periods for Kayseri. The first, dating back to 2000 BCE, was when the city was a trade post between the Assyrians and the Hittites
. The second golden age came during the Roman rule (200 - 300). The third golden age was during the reign of Seljuks (1178–1243), when the city was the second capital of the state.
The 1500-year-old castle, built initially by the Byzantines
and expanded by the Seljuks and Ottomans, is still standing in good condition in the central square of the city. The short-lived Seljuk rule left large number of historical landmarks; historical buildings such as the Hunad Hatun Mosque complex, Kilij Arslan
Mosque, The Grand Mosque
and Gevher Nesibe
Hospital. The Grand Bazaar dates from the latter part of the 1800s, but the adjacent caravanserai
(where merchant traders gathered before forming a caravan) dates from around 1500. The town's older districts (which were filled with ornate mansion-houses mostly dating from the 18th and 19th centuries) were subjected to wholesale demolitions starting in the 1970s. The city is famous for its carpet
sellers, and a range of carpets and rugs can be purchased reasonably ranging from new to 50 or more years old.
In the 4th century the city became central to early Christianity when St. Basil the Great established an ecclesiastical centre here.http://lexicorient.com/e.o/kayseri.htm. It is a Roman Catholic titular see and was the seat of an Armenian diocese.
The building that hosts Kayseri Lisesi was arranged to host the Turkish Grand National Assembly during the Turkish War of Independence
when the Greek army had advanced very close to Ankara
, the base of the Turkish National Movement.
(Köppen climate classification
Dsa) featuring a semi-arid climate (according to the Köppen climate classification BSk), consisting of very cold, snowy winters and hot, dry summers with cool nights due to Kayseri's high elevation. Rainfall occurs mostly during the spring and autumn, yet precipitation is generally low throughout the year.
Kayseri received notable public investments in the 1920s and 1930s. Sumer Textile and Kayseri Tayyare Fabrikasi (airplane manufacturer) were set up here during the post Republican Era with the help of German and particularly Russian experts. The latter manufactured the first aircraft "made in Turkey" in the 1940s. After the 1950s, the city suffered from a decrease in the amount of public investment. It was, however, during the same years that Kayseri businessmen and merchants became transformed into countrywide capitalists. Families such as Sabancı
, Has, Dedeman, Hattat and Ozilhan who started out as small-scale merchants in the city of Kayseri became prominent actors in the Turkish economy. These families set up their headquarters in cities such as Istanbul
and Adana
, nevertheless often coming back to Kayseri to invest.
Thanks to the economic liberalization policies introduced in the 1980s, a new wave of merchants and industrialists from Kayseri joined their predecessors. Most of these new industrialists choose Kayseri as base of their operations. As a consequence of better infrastructures, the city achieved a remarkable industrial growth since 2000 and is one of the key cities that characterizes the class of Anatolian Tigers
, with a favorable environment present especially for small and medium enterprises. Some social scientists trace this economic success to a modernist Islamic outlook referred to as "Islamic Calvinism" which they say is taking root in Kayseri.
The city is served by Erkilet International Airport
and the International Air Transport Association
symbol for the airport is ASR. The airport is at a short distance from Kayseri center. There are several flights per day to Istanbul, Turkey's premium air transportation hub. Since the air transportation industry in Turkey is presently registering a fast growth rate, new flights from Kayseri to several other localities in Turkey and outside Turkey are soon to be expected.
Kayseri is connected to the rest of country with railroad service. There are four trains per day to Ankara
. To the east there are two branches: one to Kars
and Doğukapi toward Armenia
, and another to Tatvan
on the west shore of Lake Van
.
Since the city is located in central Turkey, transportation via cars and buses are highly efficient. It takes approximately 3 hours to reach Ankara, approximately 3 hours to Mediterranean shores and 45 minutes to Cappadocia
. The symbol of the city, Mount Erciyes, which is a notable ski
center in winters and a trekker's paradise in summers, is at only 30 minutes' drive from the city centre.
The transportation within the city relies mainly on bus
es, and personal vehicles. A light rail transit
system called Kayseray
has constructed end of the 2009.
The city has one professional football
team competing in the top-flight of Turkish
football: Kayserispor
, playing in the Turkcell Super League
. Kayserispor is one of the most promising teams in Turkey and finished fifth in the league for two seasons in a row. It is the only Turkish team to have won the UEFA Intertoto Cup
, in 2007. Another team from the region, Kayseri Erciyesspor
, was relegated to the second league last year.
The Erciyes Ski Centre at Mount Erciyes is one of the largest in Turkey.
Kayseri Lisesi High School
, established in 1893, is one of the oldest high schools in Turkey
. In 2000, the private Kılıçarslan High School in Kayseri and Anatoli College in Salonica became sister schools.
The city's largest university
, Erciyes University
, was founded in 1978 and is a continuation of a number of schools founded in 1206 and 1956. The city also has a newly established state university, Abdullah Gül
, and two private universities Melikşah and Nuh Naci Yazgan.
with:
(in alphabetical order)
Homs
, Syria
Sialkot
, Pakistan
Mostar
, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Krefeld
, Germany
Nalchik
, Russia
Saarbrücken
, Germany
Yongin
, South Korea
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. It is the seat of Kayseri Province
Kayseri Province
The Kayseri Province , in central Turkey, is an area that has been linked with mythological stories as well as important figures in Turkish history. It is located in Anatolia, and surrounded by the Mount Erciyes, the Mount Hasan and the Mount Ali...
. The city of Kayseri, as defined by the boundaries of Kayseri Metropolitan Municipality, is structurally composed of five metropolitan districts, the two core districts of Kocasinan
Kocasinan
Kocasinan is a metropolitan district of the city of Kayseri in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. The name comes from Mimar Sinan, the Great, famous Ottoman architect. The mayor is Bekir Yıldız...
and Melikgazi
Melikgazi
Melikgazi is a metropolitan district of Kayseri in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. Along with the neighboring Kocasinan district, it was historically the core of Kayseri city, until additional districts were joined into the metropolitan area in 2004...
, and since 2004, also Hacılar
Hacilar
Hacilar is an early human settlement in southwestern Turkey, 25 km southwest of present day Burdur. It has been dated back 7040 BC at its earliest stage of development. Archaeological remains indicate that the site was abandoned and reoccupied on more than one occasion in its...
, İncesu
Incesu
İncesu is a town and district of Kayseri Province in the Central Anatolia region of Turkey. The mayor is Zekeriya Karayol ....
and Talas
Talas, Turkey
Talas is a town in central Anatolia and a district of Kayseri Province in Turkey. The population of Talas city was 40,122 in 2000, while the district of Talas as a whole counted 60,925 people.-History:...
. In conjunction with the addition of new districts and first stage municipalities into the metropolitan area, the city's population, which was 690,000 in 2000, was over 1,050,000 as of 2010, making it the seventh most populous city in Turkey.
Kayseri is located at the foot of the extinct volcano Mount Erciyes
Mount Erciyes
Mount Erciyes is a massive stratovolcano located 25 km to the south of Kayseri in Turkey.Erciyes is the highest mountain in central Anatolia, with its summit reaching...
that towers 3916 m over the city. Its inhabitants (Kayserili) are renowned for their alertness, entrepreneurial spirit and a strict understanding regarding the management of economies, the last point having been the subject of more than a few legends in Turkey. The city itself is a blend of wealth, modernity and provincial conservatism and is often cited in the first ranks among Turkey's cities that fit the definition of Anatolian Tigers
Anatolian Tigers
Anatolian Tigers is a term internationally used in the context of the Turkish economy to refer to and to explain the phenomenon of a number of cities in Turkey which have displayed impressive growth records since the 1980s, as well as to a defined new breed of entrepreneurs rising in prominence...
.
Renowned for its culinary specialties such as mantı
Manti
Mantu are a type of dumpling in Turkish and various Central Asian and Northwest China and Caucasian cuisines, closely related to the east Asian mantou, baozi, and mandu and the Nepali momo. Manti dumplings archetypically consist of a spiced meat mixture, usually lamb or ground beef, in a dough...
, pastirma
Pastirma
Pastirma or bastirma is a highly seasoned, air-dried cured beef in the cuisines of the former Ottoman countries.-Etymology:The name bastirma is from . bastırma is the gerund of the verb bastırmak , which means "to depress, restrain"...
and sucuk, the city is also rich in historical monuments (dating especially from the Seljuk period). While it is generally visited en-route to the international tourist attractions of Cappadocia
Cappadocia
Cappadocia is a historical region in Central Anatolia, largely in Nevşehir Province.In the time of Herodotus, the Cappadocians were reported as occupying the whole region from Mount Taurus to the vicinity of the Euxine...
, Kayseri has many visitor's attractions by its own right; Seljuk and Ottoman era monuments in and around the center, Mount Erciyes as trekking
Backpacking (wilderness)
Backpacking combines the activities of hiking and camping for an overnight stay in backcountry wilderness...
and alpinism center, Zamantı River
Zamanti River
Zamantı River is a river in Central Anatolia, Turkey, crossing Kayseri Province in practically its whole course to join Seyhan River further south, of which it is the western, the longest and the most important tributary...
as rafting
Rafting
Rafting or white water rafting is a challenging recreational outdoor activity using an inflatable raft to navigate a river or other bodies of water. This is usually done on white water or different degrees of rough water, in order to thrill and excite the raft passengers. The development of this...
center, the historic sites of Kultepe, Ağırnas
Agirnas
Ağırnas is a township with own municipality in Central Anatolia, Turkey, within the boundaries of Kayseri metropolitan area and administratively depending Kayseri's metropolitan municipality of Melikgazi, although it retains its distinct character...
, Talas
Talas, Turkey
Talas is a town in central Anatolia and a district of Kayseri Province in Turkey. The population of Talas city was 40,122 in 2000, while the district of Talas as a whole counted 60,925 people.-History:...
and Develi
Develi
Develi is a town and district in Kayseri Province in Central Anatolia Region, Turkey.-History:The town's name is reported to derive from Devle Bey, a Seljuk commander of Alp Arslan, , and who was also named Dev Ali , and leader of an Oghuz Turkish clan of the same or of a similar name...
to name a few. Kayseri is served by Erkilet International Airport
Erkilet International Airport
Erkilet Airport or Kayseri Erkilet Airport is a military airbase and public airport located north of Kayseri in the Kayseri Province of Turkey....
and is home to Erciyes University
Erciyes University
Erciyes University is a Turkish institute of higher education located in Kayseri, Turkey. As of 4 April 2006, a total of 28,474 students were studying for their bachelors degree and postgraduate studies.-Background:...
.
Etymology
Kayseri was originally called Mazaka or Mazaca by the HattiansHattians
The Hattians were an ancient people who inhabited the land of Hatti in present-day central part of Anatolia, Turkey, noted at least as early as the empire of Sargon of Akkad , until they were gradually displaced and absorbed ca...
. It was changed to Eusebia after Ariarathes V Eusebes, King of Cappadocia (163–130 BCE). It was changed again by Archelaus (d. 17), last King of Cappadocia (36 BCE–14 CE) and a Roman puppet, to Caesarea (in Cappadocia, to distinguish it from other cities with the same name) in honour of Caesar Augustus†. When the Muslim Arabs arrived they amended the name to Kaisariyah and this became Kayseri when the Seljuk Turks took control ca. 1080, which it has retained since.
History
Kayseri has been a continuous settlement since 3000 BCE with the establishment of the ancient trading colony of Kultepe (Ash Mountain) which associated with HittitesHittites
The Hittites were a Bronze Age people of Anatolia.They established a kingdom centered at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia c. the 18th century BC. The Hittite empire reached its height c...
. The city has always been a vital trade center since it is located on major trade routes, particularly along what was called the Great Silk Road
Silk Road
The Silk Road or Silk Route refers to a historical network of interlinking trade routes across the Afro-Eurasian landmass that connected East, South, and Western Asia with the Mediterranean and European world, as well as parts of North and East Africa...
. Kültepe
Kültepe
Kültepe is a modern village near the ancient city of Kaneš or Kanesh , located in the Kayseri Province of Turkey's Central Anatolia Region...
, one of the oldest cities in Asia Minor
Asia Minor
Asia Minor is a geographical location at the westernmost protrusion of Asia, also called Anatolia, and corresponds to the western two thirds of the Asian part of Turkey...
, lies nearby.
As Mazaca, the city served as the residence of the kings of Cappadocia
Cappadocia
Cappadocia is a historical region in Central Anatolia, largely in Nevşehir Province.In the time of Herodotus, the Cappadocians were reported as occupying the whole region from Mount Taurus to the vicinity of the Euxine...
. In ancient times, it was on the crossroads of the trade routes from Sinop
Sinop, Turkey
Sinop is a city with a population of 36,734 on İnce Burun , by its Cape Sinop which is situated on the most northern edge of the Turkish side of Black Sea coast, in the ancient region of Paphlagonia, in modern-day northern Turkey, historically known as Sinope...
e to the Euphrates
Euphrates
The Euphrates is the longest and one of the most historically important rivers of Western Asia. Together with the Tigris, it is one of the two defining rivers of Mesopotamia...
and from the Persian Royal Road that extended from Sardis
Sardis
Sardis or Sardes was an ancient city at the location of modern Sart in Turkey's Manisa Province...
to Susa
Susa
Susa was an ancient city of the Elamite, Persian and Parthian empires of Iran. It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about east of the Tigris River, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers....
. In Roman
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
times, a similar route from Ephesus
Ephesus
Ephesus was an ancient Greek city, and later a major Roman city, on the west coast of Asia Minor, near present-day Selçuk, Izmir Province, Turkey. It was one of the twelve cities of the Ionian League during the Classical Greek era...
to the East also crossed the city.
The city's name was changed to Elimtesaria in honor of the Cappadocian king Ariathes V
Ariarathes V of Cappadocia
Ariarathes V Eusebes Philopator was son of the preceding king Ariarathes IV of Cappadocia and Antiochis. Previously called Mithridates, he reigned 33 years, 163–130 BC, as king of Cappadocia. He was distinguished by the excellence of his character and his cultivation of philosophy and the liberal...
(163–130 BCE). The name was changed again to Caesarea by the last Cappadocian King Archelaus
Archelaus of Cappadocia
-Family & Early Life:Archelaus was a Cappadocian Greek nobleman, possibly of Macedonian descent. His full name was Archelaus Sisines. He was the first born son, namesake of the Roman Client and High Priest Ruler Archelaus, of the temple state of Comana, Cappadocia and Glaphyra. Archelaus’ father...
or perhaps by Tiberius
Tiberius
Tiberius , was Roman Emperor from 14 AD to 37 AD. Tiberius was by birth a Claudian, son of Tiberius Claudius Nero and Livia Drusilla. His mother divorced Nero and married Augustus in 39 BC, making him a step-son of Octavian...
.
Caesarea stood on a low spur on the north side of Mount Erciyes
Mount Erciyes
Mount Erciyes is a massive stratovolcano located 25 km to the south of Kayseri in Turkey.Erciyes is the highest mountain in central Anatolia, with its summit reaching...
(Mons Argaeus in ancient times). The site, now called the old town, diplays only a few traces from the old town. It was destroyed by the Sassanid king Shapur I after his victory over the Emperor Valerian I in 260. At the time it was recorded to have around 400,000 inhabitants. In the 4th century, bishop Basil
Basil of Caesarea
Basil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great, was the bishop of Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia, Asia Minor . He was an influential 4th century Christian theologian...
established an ecclesiastical centre on the plain, about one mile to the northeast, which gradually supplanted the old town. A portion of Basil's new city was surrounded with strong walls and turned into a fortress by Justinian
Justinian I
Justinian I ; , ; 483– 13 or 14 November 565), commonly known as Justinian the Great, was Byzantine Emperor from 527 to 565. During his reign, Justinian sought to revive the Empire's greatness and reconquer the lost western half of the classical Roman Empire.One of the most important figures of...
.
The Arab general (and later the first Umayyad Caliph
Caliph
The Caliph is the head of state in a Caliphate, and the title for the ruler of the Islamic Ummah, an Islamic community ruled by the Shari'ah. It is a transcribed version of the Arabic word which means "successor" or "representative"...
) Muawiyah
Muawiyah I
Muawiyah I was the first Caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty. After the conquest of Mecca by the Muslims, Muawiyah's family converted to Islam. Muawiyah is brother-in-law to Muhammad who married his sister Ramlah bint Abi-Sufyan in 1AH...
invaded Cappadocia
Cappadocia
Cappadocia is a historical region in Central Anatolia, largely in Nevşehir Province.In the time of Herodotus, the Cappadocians were reported as occupying the whole region from Mount Taurus to the vicinity of the Euxine...
and took Caesarea from the Byzantines
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
temporarily in 647. The city was called Kaisariyah by the Arabs and later Kayseri when it was captured shortly by the Seljuk sultan Alp Arslan
Alp Arslan
Alp Arslan was the third sultan of the Seljuq dynasty and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty...
in 1064. It became one of the most prominent centers of initially the Danishmendids (1074–1178), and later the Anatolian Seljuk Sultanate (1178–1243), until it fell to the Mongols
Mongols
Mongols ) are a Central-East Asian ethnic group that lives mainly in the countries of Mongolia, China, and Russia. In China, ethnic Mongols can be found mainly in the central north region of China such as Inner Mongolia...
in 1243. Within the walls lies the greater part of Kayseri rebuilt between the 13th and 16th centuries. The city became Ottoman
Ottoman Empire
The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
in the 15th century.
Thus, there were three golden-age periods for Kayseri. The first, dating back to 2000 BCE, was when the city was a trade post between the Assyrians and the Hittites
Hittites
The Hittites were a Bronze Age people of Anatolia.They established a kingdom centered at Hattusa in north-central Anatolia c. the 18th century BC. The Hittite empire reached its height c...
. The second golden age came during the Roman rule (200 - 300). The third golden age was during the reign of Seljuks (1178–1243), when the city was the second capital of the state.
The 1500-year-old castle, built initially by the Byzantines
Byzantine Empire
The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...
and expanded by the Seljuks and Ottomans, is still standing in good condition in the central square of the city. The short-lived Seljuk rule left large number of historical landmarks; historical buildings such as the Hunad Hatun Mosque complex, Kilij Arslan
Kilij Arslan
Kilij Arslan, meaning Sword Lion in Turkish, was the name of four sultans of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rûm:*Kilij Arslan I reigned as of 1092, died 1107*Kilij Arslan II reigned as of 1156, died 1192*Kilij Arslan III reigned as of 1204, died 1205...
Mosque, The Grand Mosque
Grand Mosque
The Grand Mosque is another name for Masjid al-Haram, in Mecca, the holiest mosque in Islam.Grand Mosque may also refer to:*Grand Mosque in Adana, Turkey*Grand Mosque in Kuwait City, Kuwait*Sultan Qaboos Grand Mosque in Bousher, Oman...
and Gevher Nesibe
Gevher Nesibe
Gevher Nesibe was an early-13th century princess of the Sultanate of Rum, the daughter of Kilij Arslan II and sister of Kaykhusraw I, and the namesake of a magnificent complex comprising a hospital, an adjoining medrese devoted primarily to medical studies, and a mosque in Kayseri, Turkey...
Hospital. The Grand Bazaar dates from the latter part of the 1800s, but the adjacent caravanserai
Caravanserai
A caravanserai, or khan, also known as caravansary, caravansera, or caravansara in English was a roadside inn where travelers could rest and recover from the day's journey...
(where merchant traders gathered before forming a caravan) dates from around 1500. The town's older districts (which were filled with ornate mansion-houses mostly dating from the 18th and 19th centuries) were subjected to wholesale demolitions starting in the 1970s. The city is famous for its carpet
Carpet
A carpet is a textile floor covering consisting of an upper layer of "pile" attached to a backing. The pile is generally either made from wool or a manmade fibre such as polypropylene,nylon or polyester and usually consists of twisted tufts which are often heat-treated to maintain their...
sellers, and a range of carpets and rugs can be purchased reasonably ranging from new to 50 or more years old.
In the 4th century the city became central to early Christianity when St. Basil the Great established an ecclesiastical centre here.http://lexicorient.com/e.o/kayseri.htm. It is a Roman Catholic titular see and was the seat of an Armenian diocese.
The building that hosts Kayseri Lisesi was arranged to host the Turkish Grand National Assembly during the Turkish War of Independence
Turkish War of Independence
The Turkish War of Independence was a war of independence waged by Turkish nationalists against the Allies, after the country was partitioned by the Allies following the Ottoman Empire's defeat in World War I...
when the Greek army had advanced very close to Ankara
Ankara
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....
, the base of the Turkish National Movement.
Climate
Kayseri has a continental climateContinental climate
Continental climate is a climate characterized by important annual variation in temperature due to the lack of significant bodies of water nearby...
(Köppen climate classification
Köppen climate classification
The Köppen climate classification is one of the most widely used climate classification systems. It was first published by Crimea German climatologist Wladimir Köppen in 1884, with several later modifications by Köppen himself, notably in 1918 and 1936...
Dsa) featuring a semi-arid climate (according to the Köppen climate classification BSk), consisting of very cold, snowy winters and hot, dry summers with cool nights due to Kayseri's high elevation. Rainfall occurs mostly during the spring and autumn, yet precipitation is generally low throughout the year.
Political structure
The city of Kayseri consists of the following metropolitan districts:| Name |
|---|
| Akkışla |
| Bünyan |
| Develi |
| Felâhiye |
| Hacılar |
| İncesu |
| Kocasinan |
| Melikgâzi |
| Özvatan |
| Sarıoğlan |
| Sarız |
| Talas |
| Ulubaş |
| Tomarza |
| Yahyâlı |
| Yeşilhisar |
Economy
Sabanci Holding
Hacı Ömer Sabancı Holding A.Ş., abbreviated as Sabancı Holding, is the largest industrial and financial conglomerate in Turkey by profit. The holding is owned at about 75% by the Sabancı family, one of Turkey's wealthiest. 3% is owned by the Sabancı University and the Sabancı Foundation. The...
, Has, Dedeman, Hattat and Ozilhan who started out as small-scale merchants in the city of Kayseri became prominent actors in the Turkish economy. These families set up their headquarters in cities such as Istanbul
Istanbul
Istanbul , historically known as Byzantium and Constantinople , is the largest city of Turkey. Istanbul metropolitan province had 13.26 million people living in it as of December, 2010, which is 18% of Turkey's population and the 3rd largest metropolitan area in Europe after London and...
and Adana
Adana
Adana is a city in southern Turkey and a major agricultural and commercial center. The city is situated on the Seyhan River, 30 kilometres inland from the Mediterranean, in south-central Anatolia...
, nevertheless often coming back to Kayseri to invest.
Thanks to the economic liberalization policies introduced in the 1980s, a new wave of merchants and industrialists from Kayseri joined their predecessors. Most of these new industrialists choose Kayseri as base of their operations. As a consequence of better infrastructures, the city achieved a remarkable industrial growth since 2000 and is one of the key cities that characterizes the class of Anatolian Tigers
Anatolian Tigers
Anatolian Tigers is a term internationally used in the context of the Turkish economy to refer to and to explain the phenomenon of a number of cities in Turkey which have displayed impressive growth records since the 1980s, as well as to a defined new breed of entrepreneurs rising in prominence...
, with a favorable environment present especially for small and medium enterprises. Some social scientists trace this economic success to a modernist Islamic outlook referred to as "Islamic Calvinism" which they say is taking root in Kayseri.
Transport
Erkilet International Airport
Erkilet Airport or Kayseri Erkilet Airport is a military airbase and public airport located north of Kayseri in the Kayseri Province of Turkey....
and the International Air Transport Association
International Air Transport Association
The International Air Transport Association is an international industry trade group of airlines headquartered in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, where the International Civil Aviation Organization is also headquartered. The executive offices are at the Geneva Airport in SwitzerlandIATA's mission is to...
symbol for the airport is ASR. The airport is at a short distance from Kayseri center. There are several flights per day to Istanbul, Turkey's premium air transportation hub. Since the air transportation industry in Turkey is presently registering a fast growth rate, new flights from Kayseri to several other localities in Turkey and outside Turkey are soon to be expected.
Kayseri is connected to the rest of country with railroad service. There are four trains per day to Ankara
Ankara
Ankara is the capital of Turkey and the country's second largest city after Istanbul. The city has a mean elevation of , and as of 2010 the metropolitan area in the entire Ankara Province had a population of 4.4 million....
. To the east there are two branches: one to Kars
Kars
Kars is a city in northeast Turkey and the capital of Kars Province. The population of the city is 73,826 as of 2010.-Etymology:As Chorzene, the town appears in Roman historiography as part of ancient Armenia...
and Doğukapi toward Armenia
Armenia
Armenia , officially the Republic of Armenia , is a landlocked mountainous country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia...
, and another to Tatvan
Tatvan
Tatvan is a city at the western end of Lake Van, and is the regional center of the identically-named district within Bitlis Province in eastern Turkey. It has about 96,000 inhabitants. The mayor is Abdullah Ok .- Transport :...
on the west shore of Lake Van
Lake Van
Lake Van is the largest lake in Turkey, located in the far east of the country in Van district. It is a saline and soda lake, receiving water from numerous small streams that descend from the surrounding mountains. Lake Van is one of the world's largest endorheic lakes . The original outlet from...
.
Since the city is located in central Turkey, transportation via cars and buses are highly efficient. It takes approximately 3 hours to reach Ankara, approximately 3 hours to Mediterranean shores and 45 minutes to Cappadocia
Cappadocia
Cappadocia is a historical region in Central Anatolia, largely in Nevşehir Province.In the time of Herodotus, the Cappadocians were reported as occupying the whole region from Mount Taurus to the vicinity of the Euxine...
. The symbol of the city, Mount Erciyes, which is a notable ski
Skiing
Skiing is a recreational activity using skis as equipment for traveling over snow. Skis are used in conjunction with boots that connect to the ski with use of a binding....
center in winters and a trekker's paradise in summers, is at only 30 minutes' drive from the city centre.
The transportation within the city relies mainly on bus
Bus
A bus is a road vehicle designed to carry passengers. Buses can have a capacity as high as 300 passengers. The most common type of bus is the single-decker bus, with larger loads carried by double-decker buses and articulated buses, and smaller loads carried by midibuses and minibuses; coaches are...
es, and personal vehicles. A light rail transit
Light Rail Transit
The name Light Rail Transit is used to refer to several light rail systems, as an official name or otherwise:* Please see List of tram and light-rail transit systems.-See also:* Light Rapid Transit * Light railway* Light rail...
system called Kayseray
Kayseray
Kayseray is the new light rail street-tram system being built for the city of Kayseri in Turkey. The tracks and station structures are currently under construction, and should be completed fully before 2009.-History:...
has constructed end of the 2009.
Sports
Football (soccer)
Association football, more commonly known as football or soccer, is a sport played between two teams of eleven players with a spherical ball...
team competing in the top-flight of Turkish
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
football: Kayserispor
Kayserispor
Kayserispor is a professional Turkish football club located in the city of Kayseri. Formed in 1966, Kayserispor are nicknamed Anadolu Yıldızı . The club colours are red and yellow, and the club play their home matches at Kadir Has Stadium.The club have won one Türkiye Kupası, in 2008...
, playing in the Turkcell Super League
Turkcell Super League
The Süper Lig is a Turkish professional league for association football clubs. It is the top-flight of the Turkish football league system. It is one of the top leagues in the UEFA confederation and the winner of the competition automatically qualifies for the UEFA Champions League...
. Kayserispor is one of the most promising teams in Turkey and finished fifth in the league for two seasons in a row. It is the only Turkish team to have won the UEFA Intertoto Cup
UEFA Intertoto Cup
The UEFA Intertoto Cup, also abbreviated as UI Cup and originally called the International Football Cup, was a summer football competition for European clubs that had not qualified for one of the two major UEFA competitions, the Champions League and the UEFA Cup. The competition was discontinued...
, in 2007. Another team from the region, Kayseri Erciyesspor
Kayseri Erciyesspor
Kayseri Erciyesspor is a Turkish sports club based in Kayseri from the year 1932. Kayseri Erciyesspor currently plays in TFF 1. League. On 2004, Kayserispor switched names with Erciyesspor...
, was relegated to the second league last year.
The Erciyes Ski Centre at Mount Erciyes is one of the largest in Turkey.
Sports venues
- Kadir Has StadiumKayseri Kadir Has StadyumuKadir Has Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Kayseri, Turkey. It is part of complex of sports venues that are on the outskirts of the city, as part of the Atatürk Sport Complex. It effectively replaces the ageing Kayseri Atatürk Stadium, which has been in use since the early 1960s.It was...
is a new generation post-modern stadium and as part of the Atatürk Sports Complex; it is located in the outskirts of the city. It will hold at least 33,000 people and it is totally covered. It is shared by the two Kayserian football clubs, as before, and the Kadir Has Stadium is the new home for both teams. The stadium and surrounding sports complex are served by the Light-rail system, KayserayKayserayKayseray is the new light rail street-tram system being built for the city of Kayseri in Turkey. The tracks and station structures are currently under construction, and should be completed fully before 2009.-History:...
, making access to the complex easier for traveling locals. It was completed in early 2009. The inauguration of stadium was made with a KayserisporKayserisporKayserispor is a professional Turkish football club located in the city of Kayseri. Formed in 1966, Kayserispor are nicknamed Anadolu Yıldızı . The club colours are red and yellow, and the club play their home matches at Kadir Has Stadium.The club have won one Türkiye Kupası, in 2008...
– Fenerbahce league match. - Kadir Has Sports ArenaKadir Has Spor SalonuKadir Has Sport Hall is an indoor sporting arena that is located in Kayseri, Turkey. Together with Kayseri Kadir Has Stadium, it is a part of the Kayseri Kadir Has Sports Complex, one of the newest sports complexes in Turkey...
is an indoor arena complex, which was opened in 2008. It has an seating capacity of 7,200 people. The arena was one of the venues of the 2010 FIBA World Championship2010 FIBA World ChampionshipThe 2010 FIBA World Championship, hosted by Turkey, was the international basketball competition contested by the men's national teams. The tournament ran from August 28 to September 12, 2010. It was co-organized by the International Basketball Federation , Turkish Basketball Federation and the...
.
Education
High school
High school is a term used in parts of the English speaking world to describe institutions which provide all or part of secondary education. The term is often incorporated into the name of such institutions....
, established in 1893, is one of the oldest high schools in Turkey
Turkey
Turkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
. In 2000, the private Kılıçarslan High School in Kayseri and Anatoli College in Salonica became sister schools.
The city's largest university
University
A university is an institution of higher education and research, which grants academic degrees in a variety of subjects. A university is an organisation that provides both undergraduate education and postgraduate education...
, Erciyes University
Erciyes University
Erciyes University is a Turkish institute of higher education located in Kayseri, Turkey. As of 4 April 2006, a total of 28,474 students were studying for their bachelors degree and postgraduate studies.-Background:...
, was founded in 1978 and is a continuation of a number of schools founded in 1206 and 1956. The city also has a newly established state university, Abdullah Gül
Abdullah Gül
Dr. Abdullah Gül, GCB is the 11th and current President of the Republic of Turkey, serving in that office since 28 August 2007. He previously served for four months as Prime Minister from 2002-03, and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2003-07....
, and two private universities Melikşah and Nuh Naci Yazgan.
Notable Kayserians
(alphabetical order)- Abdullah GülAbdullah GülDr. Abdullah Gül, GCB is the 11th and current President of the Republic of Turkey, serving in that office since 28 August 2007. He previously served for four months as Prime Minister from 2002-03, and as Minister of Foreign Affairs from 2003-07....
- Turkey's current President - Alparslan TürkeşAlparslan TürkesAlparslan Türkeş was a Cypriot-born Turkish nationalist politician who was the founder and former president of the Nationalist Movement Party party...
-politician - ArandzarArandzarMissak Kouyumjian , better known by his pen name Arandzar , is a famed Armenian short story writer, poet, and principal.- Biography :Arandzar received his education at the prestigious Sanasarian Academy in Garin Missak Kouyumjian (in Armenian Միսաք Գույումճյան) (born September 8, 1877 Caesarea,...
- ArmenianArmeniansArmenian people or Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.The largest concentration is in Armenia having a nearly-homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian....
writer - Basil of CaesareaBasil of CaesareaBasil of Caesarea, also called Saint Basil the Great, was the bishop of Caesarea Mazaca in Cappadocia, Asia Minor . He was an influential 4th century Christian theologian...
- Byzantine theologian (one of the Cappadocian FathersCappadocian FathersThe Cappadocian Fathers are Basil the Great , who was bishop of Caesarea; Basil's brother Gregory of Nyssa , who was bishop of Nyssa; and a close friend, Gregory of Nazianzus , who became Patriarch of Constantinople...
) - Balyan familyBalyan familyThe Balyan family was a dynasty of famous Ottoman imperial architects. They were of Armenian ethnicity. For five generations in the 18th and 19th centuries, they designed and constructed numerous major buildings, including palaces, kiosks, mosques, churches and various public buildings, mostly in...
- a dynasty of famous OttomanOttoman EmpireThe Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
imperial architectArchitectAn architect is a person trained in the planning, design and oversight of the construction of buildings. To practice architecture means to offer or render services in connection with the design and construction of a building, or group of buildings and the space within the site surrounding the...
s of ArmenianArmeniansArmenian people or Armenians are a nation and ethnic group native to the Armenian Highland.The largest concentration is in Armenia having a nearly-homogeneous population with 97.9% or 3,145,354 being ethnic Armenian....
ethnicity - Dikran KelekianDikran KelekianDikran Kelekian , a notable collector and dealer of Islamic art. The son of an Armenian banker from Kayseri, Dikran Kelekian and his brother Kevork set themselves up in the antiquities business in Istanbul in 1892. The next year Dikiran came to the United States as a commissioner for the Persian...
- a notable collector and dealer of Islamic art - Elia KazanElia KazanElia Kazan was an American director and actor, described by the New York Times as "one of the most honored and influential directors in Broadway and Hollywood history". Born in Istanbul, the capital of the Ottoman Empire, to Greek parents originally from Kayseri in Anatolia, the family emigrated...
- GreekGreeksThe Greeks, also known as the Hellenes , are a nation and ethnic group native to Greece, Cyprus and neighboring regions. They also form a significant diaspora, with Greek communities established around the world....
movie director - Emel HeinreichEmel HeinreichEmel Heinreich is a Turkish-Austrian actress, author and film-director.- Filmography :* 1986 Wir die Fremden* 1989 Du bist eine* 1989 Das Meer und die Frauen* 1991 Das Blut der Rose* 1995 Tujutaksu...
- actress, author and film-director. - Fatih SolakFatih SolakFatih Solak is a Turkish professional basketball player. He stands 2.13 m tall making him a Center. He also has a very impressive physique and weighs 125 kg...
- national basketball player - Mehmet TopuzMehmet TopuzMehmet Topuz is a Turkish football midfield player, who plays for Fenerbahçe.-Club career:Topuz had begun his career in Yolspor, a local club in Kayseri. He joined Kayserispor after spelling almost 3 years at that club. He has been given several Golden Man of the Month awards which are presented...
- professional footballer, currently playing for Fenerbahçe S.K. - Gevher NesibeGevher NesibeGevher Nesibe was an early-13th century princess of the Sultanate of Rum, the daughter of Kilij Arslan II and sister of Kaykhusraw I, and the namesake of a magnificent complex comprising a hospital, an adjoining medrese devoted primarily to medical studies, and a mosque in Kayseri, Turkey...
- Seljuk princess who endowed the city's landmark 13th century medical center (Darüşşifa, Dâr al-Shifâ) - Gregory the IlluminatorGregory the IlluminatorSaint Gregory the Illuminator or Saint Gregory the Enlightener is the patron saint and first official head of the Armenian Apostolic Church...
- founder of the Armenian Apostolic ChurchArmenian Apostolic ChurchThe Armenian Apostolic Church is the world's oldest National Church, is part of Oriental Orthodoxy, and is one of the most ancient Christian communities. Armenia was the first country to adopt Christianity as its official religion in 301 AD, in establishing this church... - Gregory of NyssaGregory of NyssaSt. Gregory of Nyssa was a Christian bishop and saint. He was a younger brother of Basil the Great and a good friend of Gregory of Nazianzus. His significance has long been recognized in the Eastern Orthodox, Oriental Orthodox, Eastern Catholic and Roman Catholic branches of Christianity...
- brother of Basil of Caesarea, also a Byzantine theologian, one of the Cappadocian FathersCappadocian FathersThe Cappadocian Fathers are Basil the Great , who was bishop of Caesarea; Basil's brother Gregory of Nyssa , who was bishop of Nyssa; and a close friend, Gregory of Nazianzus , who became Patriarch of Constantinople... - Göksel ArsoyGöksel Arsoy-Biography:When Arsoy was studying at İstanbul University's Economics faculty, he started working at the nearby Yeşilköy Airport. In 1958, he made his film debut in Kara Günlerim directed by Sırrı Gültekin and went on to appear in films such as Kelepçe and Samanyolu...
- movie star - Hagop KevorkianHagop KevorkianHagop Kevorkian was an Armenian-American archeologist, connoisseur of art, collector, originally from Kayseri who graduated from the American Robert College in Istanbul and settled in New York in the late 19th century and helped America acquire a taste for Eastern artifacts.He carried out...
- connoisseur of art - İsmet ÖzelIsmet Özelİsmet Özel is a Turkish poet and scholar.-Early years:Özel is the sixth child of a police officer from Söke. He attended his primary and secondary school in Kastamonu, Çankırı and Ankara...
- poet - Kadir Has - business tycoon
- Latife TekinLatife TekinLatife Tekin is one of the most influential Turkish female authors. She was born in 1957 in Kayseri, Turkey. She continued her education in Istanbul. In 1983, her famous novel Sevgili Arsız Ölüm was published. The magic realism in the book was drawn from the Anatolian folklore and traditions...
- author - Metin KaçanMetin KaçanMetin Kaçan is a Turkish author who is best known for his novels Ağır Roman , and Fındık Sekiz. Ağır Roman has been translated into German , and a movie , directed by Mustafa Altıoklar , was based on it...
- writer - Mimar Sinan - The greatest imperial master architect of the Ottoman EmpireOttoman EmpireThe Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
- Nesrin NasNesrin NasNesrin Nas is a Turkish academic in economics, politician and the former leader of the Motherland Party .She was born in the Central Anatolian town of Bünyan in Kayseri Province. Her father was Mehmet Secaattin and her mother Şerife...
- politician - Orhan DelibaşOrhan DelibasOrhan Delibaş is a retired Dutch boxer. He won the Light Middleweight Silver medal at the 1992 Summer Olympics...
- boxer - Pavlos KarolidisPavlos KarolidisPavlos Karolidis or Karolides was one of the most eminent Greek historians of the late 19th and early 20th centuries.- Life :Karolidis was born in 1849 in the village of Androniki in Cappadocia. His father Konstantinos Karolidis or Karloglou was a wealthy landowner and wheat merchant...
- historian and politician - Reyhan Karaca - singer
- Romanos IV Diogenes - Byzantine General and later Emperor (1068–1071)
- Sinan BolatSinan BolatSinan Bolat is a professional football goalkeeper, who plays for Standard Liège in the Belgian Jupiler League. Although he was born in Turkey, he grew up in Belgium . He has played for Turkey both at youth level and senior level....
- professional soccer goalkeeper, currently playing for Standard LiegeStandard LiègeRoyal Standard de Liège, commonly referred to as Standard Liège Royal Standard de Liège, commonly referred to as Standard Liège Royal Standard de Liège, commonly referred to as Standard Liège (Dutch: Standard Luik [], German: Standard Lüttich , is a Belgian football club from the city of Liège.... - Theodore AlyatesTheodore AlyatesTheodore Alyates was a Byzantine general who commanded the right wing of Emperor Romanos IV's troops at the Battle of Manzikert.Alyates' troops initially withstood the assault of the Seljuk Turks arrows, but when Andronikos Doukas betrayed Romanus, the Turks took advantage of the opportunity and...
- Byzantine General of the Cappadocian Thema, fought alongside the Emperor Romanos IV Diogenes at the Battle of ManzikertBattle of ManzikertThe Battle of Manzikert , was fought between the Byzantine Empire and Seljuq Turks led by Alp Arslan on August 26, 1071 near Manzikert...
(1071). - Umut BulutUmut BulutUmut Bulut is a Turkish international footballer who currently plays for Toulouse in the Ligue 1.-Career:...
- TurkishTurkeyTurkey , known officially as the Republic of Turkey , is a Eurasian country located in Western Asia and in East Thrace in Southeastern Europe...
footballer
Twin towns — Sister cities
Kayseri is twinnedTown twinning
Twin towns and sister cities are two of many terms used to describe the cooperative agreements between towns, cities, and even counties in geographically and politically distinct areas to promote cultural and commercial ties.- Terminology :...
with:
(in alphabetical order)
Homs
Homs
Homs , previously known as Emesa , is a city in western Syria and the capital of the Homs Governorate. It is above sea level and is located north of Damascus...
, Syria
Syria
Syria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
Sialkot
Sialkot
Sialkot is a city in Pakistan situated in the north-east of the Punjab province at the foothills of snow-covered peaks of Kashmir near the Chenab river. It is the capital of Sialkot District. The city is about north-west of Lahore and only a few kilometers from Indian-controlled Jammu.The...
, Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
Mostar
Mostar
Mostar is a city and municipality in Bosnia and Herzegovina, the largest and one of the most important cities in the Herzegovina region and the center of the Herzegovina-Neretva Canton of the Federation. Mostar is situated on the Neretva river and is the fifth-largest city in the country...
, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnia and Herzegovina , sometimes called Bosnia-Herzegovina or simply Bosnia, is a country in Southern Europe, on the Balkan Peninsula. Bordered by Croatia to the north, west and south, Serbia to the east, and Montenegro to the southeast, Bosnia and Herzegovina is almost landlocked, except for the...
Krefeld
Krefeld
Krefeld , also known as Crefeld until 1929, is a city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located northwest of Düsseldorf, its centre lying just a few kilometres to the west of the River Rhine; the borough of Uerdingen is situated directly on the Rhine...
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
Nalchik
Nalchik
Nalchik is the capital city of the Kabardino-Balkar Republic, Russia, situated at an altitude of in the foothills of the Caucasus Mountains; about northwest of Beslan in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania. It covers an area of...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
Saarbrücken
Saarbrücken
Saarbrücken is the capital of the state of Saarland in Germany. The city is situated at the heart of a metropolitan area that borders on the west on Dillingen and to the north-east on Neunkirchen, where most of the people of the Saarland live....
, Germany
Germany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
Yongin
Yongin
Yongin is a major city in the Seoul National Capital Area, located in Gyeonggi Province, South Korea. With a population of nearly 1 million, the city has developed abrutly since the 21st century, recording the highest population growth of any city in the country. Yongin is home to Everland and...
, South Korea
South Korea
The Republic of Korea , , is a sovereign state in East Asia, located on the southern portion of the Korean Peninsula. It is neighbored by the People's Republic of China to the west, Japan to the east, North Korea to the north, and the East China Sea and Republic of China to the south...