Kerepesi Cemetery
Encyclopedia
Kerepesi Cemetery is the most famous cemetery
Cemetery
A cemetery is a place in which dead bodies and cremated remains are buried. The term "cemetery" implies that the land is specifically designated as a burying ground. Cemeteries in the Western world are where the final ceremonies of death are observed...

 in Budapest
Budapest
Budapest is the capital of Hungary. As the largest city of Hungary, it is the country's principal political, cultural, commercial, industrial, and transportation centre. In 2011, Budapest had 1,733,685 inhabitants, down from its 1989 peak of 2,113,645 due to suburbanization. The Budapest Commuter...

. It is one of the oldest cemeteries in Hungary
Hungary
Hungary , officially the Republic of Hungary , is a landlocked country in Central Europe. It is situated in the Carpathian Basin and is bordered by Slovakia to the north, Ukraine and Romania to the east, Serbia and Croatia to the south, Slovenia to the southwest and Austria to the west. The...

 which has been almost completely preserved as an entity.

Overview

Founded in 1847, Kerepesi is located in outer Józsefváros
Józsefváros
Józsefváros is the 8th district of Budapest, Hungary. It is the part of the city centre in the wider sense as one of the 18-19th century older suburbs, close to Belváros.-Location:...

, near Keleti pályaudvar (Eastern Railway Station), and can be reached via Budapest Metro
Budapest Metro
The Budapest Metro is the rapid transit system in the Hungarian capital Budapest. It is the second-oldest underground metro system in the world after the London Underground. Its iconic Line 1, dating from 1896, was declared a World Heritage Site in 2002.-Lines:The Metro consists of three lines,...

 line 2. It is the innermost cemetery of Budapest, although it still lies about 2 km
1 E3 m
To help compare different orders of magnitude this page lists lengths between 1 kilometre and 10 kilometres .Distances shorter than 1 kilometre-Conversions:1 kilometre is equal to:* 1,000 metres...

 from the downtown centre. Kerepesi is one of the biggest National Pantheons in Europe and the biggest outdoor statue park with its area of about 56 hectares
1 E5 m²
To help compare sizes of different geographic regions, areas between 10 hectares and 100 hectares are listed below.* Areas smaller than 0.1 km2* 0.1 km2 is equal to:**1 E+5 m² or 100,000 m2...

. It is sometimes referred to as the Père Lachaise of Budapest.

The cemetery's first burial took place some two years after its opening, in 1849. Since then numerous Hungarian notables (statesmen, writers, sculptors, architects, artists, composers, scientists, actors and actresses etc.) have been interred there, several of them in ornate tombs or mausoleum
Mausoleum
A mausoleum is an external free-standing building constructed as a monument enclosing the interment space or burial chamber of a deceased person or persons. A monument without the interment is a cenotaph. A mausoleum may be considered a type of tomb or the tomb may be considered to be within the...

s. This was encouraged by the decision of the municipal authorities to declare Kerepesi a 'ground of honour' in 1885. The first notable burial was that of Mihály Vörösmarty
Mihály Vörösmarty
Mihály Vörösmarty was an important Hungarian poet and dramatist.He was born at Puszta-Nyék , of a noble Roman Catholic family. His father was a steward of the Nádasdys. Mihály was educated at Székesfehérvár by the Cistercians and at Pest by the Piarists...

 in 1855.

Until the 1940s, several tombs were removed to this cemetery from others in Budapest – for example, it is the fourth resting place of the poet Attila József
Attila József
Attila József was one of the most important and well-known Hungarian poets of the 20th century.-Biography:The son of Áron József, a soap factory worker of Romanian origin from Bánát, and Hungarian peasant girl Borbála Pőcze, he was born in Ferencváros, a poor district of Budapest. He had two elder...

.

The cemetery was declared closed for burials in 1952. This was partly because it had become damaged during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...

, and partly for political reasons, as the Communist government sought to play down the graves of those who had 'exploited the working class'. At one point it was intended to build a housing estate over the cemetery. Part of the grounds were in fact handed over to a nearby rubber factory and were destroyed in 1953.

In 1958, a Mausoleum for the Labour movement
Labour movement
The term labour movement or labor movement is a broad term for the development of a collective organization of working people, to campaign in their own interest for better treatment from their employers and governments, in particular through the implementation of specific laws governing labour...

 was created. During the Socialist period (which lasted from 1948 till 1989 in Hungary) this was the only part of the cemetery highlighted or even mentioned) by the authorities. After the fall of communism, Kerepesi was still considered by some as a Communist cemetery (for example a son of Béla Bartók
Béla Bartók
Béla Viktor János Bartók was a Hungarian composer and pianist. He is considered one of the most important composers of the 20th century and is regarded, along with Liszt, as Hungary's greatest composer...

 forbade his father's ashes to be interred there).

The cemetery, with its extended parks among the graves and monuments, is today open to the public, but interments have ceased.

Kerepesi contains three mausoleums of leading Hungarian statesmen:
  • Lajos Batthyány
    Lajos Batthyány
    Count Lajos Batthyány de Németújvár was the first Prime Minister of Hungary. He was born in Pressburg on 10 February 1807, and was executed by firing squad in Pest on 6 October 1849, the same day as the 13 Martyrs of Arad.-Career:His father was Count József Sándor Batthyány , his mother Borbála...

  • Ferenc Deák
    Ferenc Deák
    Ferenc Deák de Kehida , , was a Hungarian statesman and Minister of Justice. He was known as "The Wise Man of the Nation".-Early life and law career:...

     (1876, designed by Kálmán Gerster, the stained glass by Miksa Róth)
  • Lajos Kossuth
    Lajos Kossuth
    Lajos Kossuth de Udvard et Kossuthfalva was a Hungarian lawyer, journalist, politician and Regent-President of Hungary in 1849. He was widely honored during his lifetime, including in the United Kingdom and the United States, as a freedom fighter and bellwether of democracy in Europe.-Family:Lajos...

     (1894, Kálmán Gerster, sculptures by Alajos Stróbl
    Alajos Stróbl
    Alajos Stróbl was a Hungarian sculptor and artist. His work can be best characterized with sensitive realistic modelling and he became one of the most renowned sculptors of memorials in Hungary at the turn of the 20th century....

    )


There is also a notable mausoleum for Ábrahám Ganz
Ábrahám Ganz
Ábrahám Ganz was a Swiss-born Hungarian iron manufacturer, machine and technical engineer, father of the Ganz companies....

 (iron-founder, pioneer in Hungarian heavy industry), built to the plans of Miklós Ybl
Miklós Ybl
Miklós Ybl was one of Europe's leading architects in the mid to late nineteenth century as well as Hungary's most influential architect during his career...

 in 1868.

Special sections

In 1874, a special parcel was established for those who were denied a church funeral (those who committed suicide and those executed).

The cemetery is also famous for its Arcade
Arcade (architecture)
An arcade is a succession of arches, each counterthrusting the next, supported by columns or piers or a covered walk enclosed by a line of such arches on one or both sides. In warmer or wet climates, exterior arcades provide shelter for pedestrians....

s, built between 1908–1911, recalling the style of Northern Italian cemeteries.

The artists' sector – in which each tomb contains a notable Hungarian representative of the arts – was created in 1929.

Notable interments

  • Zsigmond Móricz
    Zsigmond Móricz
    Zsigmond Móricz was a major Hungarian novelist and Social Realist. He was among the earliest significant literary figures writing in Hungarian.- Early life and education :...

     (writer)
  • Endre Ady
    Endre Ady
    Endre Ady was a Hungarian poet.-Biography:Ady was born in Érmindszent, Szilágy county . He belonged to an impoverished Calvinist noble family...

     (poet)
  • Ignác Alpár
    Ignác Alpár
    Ignác Alpár was a Hungarian architect.- Career :Alpár began his career as a stonemason, then worked under architect Alajos Hauszmann. After completing formal studies in Berlin, he returned to Budapest to work under Imre Steindl and Hauszmann again...

     (architect)
  • József Antall
    József Antall
    József Antall was the first democratically-elected Prime Minister of Hungary after the fall of Communism , teacher, librarian, historian and political figure...

     (Prime Minister, historian)
  • János Arany
    János Arany
    János Arany , was a Hungarian journalist, writer, poet, and translator. He is often said to be the "Shakespeare of ballads" – he wrote more than 40 ballads which have been translated into over 50 languages, as well as the Toldi trilogy, to mention his most famous works.-Biography:He was born in...

     (poet)
  • Mihály Babits
    Mihály Babits
    Mihály Babits was a Hungarian poet, writer and translator.- Biography :...

     (poet)
  • Béla Balázs
    Béla Balázs
    ----Béla Balázs , born Herbert Bauer, was a Hungarian-Jewish film critic, aesthete, writer and poet....

     (writer, film aesthete)
  • Miklós Barabás
    Miklós Barabás
    Miklós Barabás was a Hungarian painter. He his mostly known for his portrait paintings....

     (painter)
  • Jenő Barcsay
    Jeno Barcsay
    Jenő Barcsay was a Hungarian painter.Born in Katona, Hungary in 1900, Barcsay was a descendant of an aristocratic family from Transylvania. In 1919, he went to Budapest where he began his studies in the Art School and graduated in 1924...

     (painter)
  • István Bethlen
    István Bethlen
    Count István Bethlen de Bethlen was a Hungarian aristocrat and statesman and served as Prime Minister from 1921 to 1931....

     (Prime Minister)
  • Lujza Blaha (actress, "the nightingale of the nation")
  • Ottó Bláthy
    Ottó Bláthy
    Ottó Titusz Bláthy was a Hungarian electrical engineer. In his career, he became the co-inventor of the modern electric transformer, the tension regulator, , the AC watt-hour meter, the single-phase alternating current electric motor, the turbo generator, and the high efficiency turbo...

     (electrical engineer)
  • Tivadar Csontváry Kosztka
    Tivadar Csontváry Kosztka
    Tivadar Kosztka Csontváry was a Hungarian painter. He was one of the first Hungarian painters to become well known in Europe.Csontváry was born on 5 July 1853 in Kisszeben, Sáros County, Kingdom of Hungary , and died 20 June 1919 in Budapest. His ancestors were Poles who settled down in Hungary...

     (painter)
  • Gergely Czuczor (linguist, poet)
  • Béni Egressy
    Beni Egressy
    ----Béni Egressy was a Hungarian composer, librettist, translator and actor.- Biography :...

     (composer)
  • Loránd Eötvös
    Loránd Eötvös
    Baron Loránd Eötvös de Vásárosnamény , more commonly called Baron Roland von Eötvös in English literature, was a Hungarian physicist. He is remembered today largely for his work on gravitation and surface tension.-Life:...

     (physicist)
  • Ferenc Erkel (composer)
  • János Fadrusz
    János Fadrusz
    János Fadrusz was a Hungarian sculptor. He was a celebrated artist of the age with many important public commission.-Early life:...

     (sculptor)
  • György Faludy
    György Faludy
    György Faludy , sometimes anglicized as George Faludy, was a Hungarian-Jewish poet, writer and translator.- Notable works :...

     (writer, poet, translator)
  • Ferenc Fejtő
    Ferenc Fejto
    Ferenc Fejtő, , was a Hungarian-born French journalist and political scientist, specializing in Eastern Europe....

     (journalist, political scientist)
  • Károly Ferenczy
    Károly Ferenczy
    Károly Ferenczy was a Hungarian painter and leading member of the Nagybánya artists' colony.-External links:*...

     (painter, along with Béni Ferenczy
    Béni Ferenczy
    Béni Ferenczy was a Hungarian sculptor and graphic artist.Born the son of Károly Ferenczy, he studied art in Munich and Paris where he studied with both Bourdelle and Archipenko His art became mature after he had returned from emigration in Germany and the Soviet Union.After his experiences with...

     and Noémi Ferenczy, his brother and sister)
  • János Garay
    János Garay
    János Garay was a Hungarian poet and author, was born in Szekszárd, Tolna County. From 1823 to 1828 he studied at Pécs, and subsequently, in 1829, at the University of Pest. In 1834 he brought out an heroic poem, in hexameters, under the title Csatár...

     (poet)
  • Artúr Görgey
    Artúr Görgey
    ----Artúr Görgey de Görgő et Toporcz was a Hungarian military leader.He was born at Toporz in Upper Hungary of a Hungarian noble family of originally Zipser German descent who immigrated to Upper Hungary during the reign of king Géza II . During the reformation they were converted to Protestantism...

     (general)
  • Alajos Hauszmann
    Alajos Hauszmann
    Hauszmann Alajos was an Austro-Hungarian architect, professor, and member of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences.-Life:...

     (architect)
  • Jenő Heltai (writer)
  • George de Hevesy
    George de Hevesy
    George Charles de Hevesy, Georg Karl von Hevesy, was a Hungarian radiochemist and Nobel laureate, recognized in 1943 for his key role in the development of radioactive tracers to study chemical processes such as in the metabolism of animals.- Early years :Hevesy György was born in Budapest,...

     (Nobel Prize winner chemist)
  • Miklós Izsó
    Miklós Izsó
    Miklós Izsó - May 29, 1875, Budapest) was a Hungarian sculptor. His sculptural style integrated elements of classicism and academic style.Izsó studied at the College in Sárospatak from 1840. He took part in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848...

     (sculptor)
  • Mari Jászai
    Mari Jászai
    Mari Jászai was a Hungarian actress.-Life:Mari Jászai was born in 24 February 1850 in Ászár, Komárom county, as a daughter of a carpenter. She worked from age 10 as a maidservant, both in Budapest and Vienna, assisting soldiers as a sutling wench in the Battle of Königgrätz...

     (actress)
  • Mór Jókai
    Mór Jókai
    Mór Jókai , born Móric Jókay de Ásva , outside Hungary also known as Maurus Jokai, was a Hungarian dramatist and novelist.-Early life:...

     (writer, 1904)
  • Attila József
    Attila József
    Attila József was one of the most important and well-known Hungarian poets of the 20th century.-Biography:The son of Áron József, a soap factory worker of Romanian origin from Bánát, and Hungarian peasant girl Borbála Pőcze, he was born in Ferencváros, a poor district of Budapest. He had two elder...

     (poet)
  • János Kádár
    János Kádár
    János Kádár was a Hungarian communist leader and the General Secretary of the Hungarian Socialist Workers' Party, presiding over the country from 1956 until his forced retirement in 1988. His thirty-two year term as General Secretary makes Kádár the longest ruler of the People's Republic of Hungary...

     (Socialist leader)
  • Pál Kadosa
    Pál Kadosa
    Pál Kadosa was a piano teacher and Hungarian composer of the post-Bartók generation. His early style was influenced by Hungarian folklore while his later works were more toward Hindemith and expressively forceful idioms. He was born in Léva. He studied at the national Hungarian Royal Academy...

     (composer)
  • Kálmán Kandó
    Kálmán Kandó
    Kálmán Kandó de Egerfarmos et Sztregova was a Hungarian engineer, and a pioneer in the development of electric railway traction.-Education:...

     (inventor, engineer)
  • Mihály Károlyi
    Mihály Károlyi
    Count Mihály Ádám György Miklós Károlyi de Nagykároly was briefly Hungary's leader in 1918-19 during a short-lived democracy...

     (President)
  • Karl-Maria Kertbeny
    Karl-Maria Kertbeny
    Karl-Maria Kertbeny or Károly Mária Kertbeny was an Austrian-born Hungarian journalist, memoirist, and human rights campaigner...

     (writer, translator)
  • Károly Kisfaludy
    Károly Kisfaludy
    Károly Kisfaludy was a Hungarian dramatist and artist, brother of Sándor Kisfaludy. He was the founder of the national drama....

     (poet, dramatist, painter)
  • Dezső Kosztolányi
    Dezso Kosztolányi
    -Biography:Kosztolányi was born in Szabadka, Austro-Hungarian monarchy in 1885, the town belongs today to Serbia. The city serves as a model for the fictional town of Sárszeg, in which he set his novella Skylark as well as The Golden Kite....

     (poet, writer)
  • Gyula Krúdy
    Gyula Krúdy
    Gyula Krúdy was a Hungarian writer and journalist.-Biography:Gyula Krúdy was born in Nyíregyháza, Hungary. His father was a lawyer and his mother was a maid working for the Krúdy family. His parents did not marry until Gyula was 17 years old.In his teens, Krúdy published newspaper pieces and began...

     (writer)
  • Ödön Lechner
    Ödön Lechner
    Ödön Lechner was a Hungarian architect, nicknamed the "Hungarian Gaudí".Lechner was one of the early representatives of the Hungarian Secession movement, called szecesszió in Hungarian, which was related to Art Nouveau and Jugendstil in the rest of Europe...

     (architect)
  • Lipót Fejér
    Lipót Fejér
    Lipót Fejér , was a Hungarian mathematician. Fejér was born Leopold Weiss, and changed to the Hungarian name Fejér around 1900....

     (mathematician)
  • Károly Lotz
    Károly Lotz
    Lotz Károly Antal Pál, or Karl Anton Paul Lotz was a German-Hungarian painter.- Career :Karl Lotz was born in Bad Homburg vor der Höhe, Germany, the 7th and youngest surviving child of Wilhelm Christian Lotz and Antonia Höfflick ...

     (painter)
  • Georg Lukács
    Georg Lukács
    György Lukács was a Hungarian Marxist philosopher and literary critic. He is a founder of the tradition of Western Marxism. He contributed the concept of reification to Marxist philosophy and theory and expanded Karl Marx's theory of class consciousness. Lukács' was also an influential literary...

     (philosopher)
  • Viktor Madarász
    Viktor Madarász
    Madarász Viktor was a Hungarian romantic painter.He served as a soldier and later lieutenant in the Hungarian Revolution of 1848 . He later lived in exile and studied painting in Vienna and with Léon Cogniet in Paris.-External links:***...

     (painter)
  • Ferenc Mádl
    Ferenc Mádl
    Ferenc Mádl was the second President of the third Republic of Hungary, having served from 4 August 2000 to 5 August 2005.-University studies and scientific activities:...

     (President, jurist)
  • Ignác Martinovics
    Ignác Martinovics
    Ignác Martinovics was a philosopher, political adventurer, and a leader of the Hungarian Jacobin movement...

     (Franciscan, leader of the Hungarian Jacobin
    Jacobin (politics)
    A Jacobin , in the context of the French Revolution, was a member of the Jacobin Club, a revolutionary far-left political movement. The Jacobin Club was the most famous political club of the French Revolution. So called from the Dominican convent where they originally met, in the Rue St. Jacques ,...

     movement)
  • Ferenc Medgyessy
    Ferenc Medgyessy
    Ferenc Medgyessy was a Hungarian sculptor and physician. After graduating in medicine he studied art in Paris, later he studied Michelangelo's and the Etruscan art in Florence. His art was dominated by folk realism.-External links:*...

     (sculptor)
  • László Mednyánszky
    László Mednyánszky
    Baron László Mednyánszky or Ladislaus Josephus Balthasar Eustachius Mednyánszky Mednyánszky, the painter-philosopher, is one of the most enigmatic figures in the history of Hungarian art. Despite an aristocratic background, he spent most of his life moving around Europe working as an artist...

     (painter)
  • Kálmán Mikszáth
    Kálmán Mikszáth
    Kálmán Mikszáth de Kiscsoltó was a major Hungarian novelist, journalist, and politician.-Biography:Mikszáth was born in Szklabonya, Upper Hungary into a family of the lesser nobility...

     (writer)
  • Mihály Munkácsy
    Mihály Munkácsy
    Mihály Munkácsy was a Hungarian painter, who lived in Paris and earned international reputation with his genre pictures and large scale biblical paintings.-Early Years of Munkácsy:...

     (painter)
  • Karl Polanyi
    Karl Polanyi
    Karl Paul Polanyi was a Hungarian philosopher, political economist and economic anthropologist known for his opposition to traditional economic thought and his book The Great Transformation...

     (economist)
  • Tivadar Puskás
    Tivadar Puskás
    Tivadar Puskás was a Hungarian inventor, telephone pioneer, and inventor of the telephone exchange He was also the founder of Telefon Hírmondó.-Biography:...

     (engineer, inventor)
  • Miklós Radnóti
    Miklós Radnóti
    Miklós Radnóti, birth name Miklós Glatter was a Hungarian poet who died in The Holocaust.-Personality and early life:...

     (poet)
  • Frigyes Riesz
    Frigyes Riesz
    Frigyes Riesz was a mathematician who was born in Győr, Hungary and died in Budapest, Hungary. He was rector and professor at University of Szeged...

     (mathematician)
  • Ignaz Semmelweis
    Ignaz Semmelweis
    Ignaz Philipp Semmelweis was a Hungarian physician now known as an early pioneer of antiseptic procedures. Described as the "savior of mothers", Semmelweis discovered that the incidence of puerperal fever could be drastically cut by the use of hand disinfection in obstetrical clinics...

     (doctor, "Saviour of Mothers")
  • Imre Steindl
    Imre Steindl
    Imre Steindl was a Hungarian architect.- Biography :He graduated at the Technical University of Budapest and the Academy of Fine Arts Vienna. He was a teacher of the Budapest Technical University from 1869...

     (architect)
  • Alajos Stróbl
    Alajos Stróbl
    Alajos Stróbl was a Hungarian sculptor and artist. His work can be best characterized with sensitive realistic modelling and he became one of the most renowned sculptors of memorials in Hungary at the turn of the 20th century....

     (sculptor)
  • Antal Szerb
    Antal Szerb
    Antal Szerb was a noted Hungarian scholar and writer. He is recognized as one of the major Hungarian literary personalities of the 20th century.-Life and work:...

     (writer)
  • Leó Szilárd
    Leó Szilárd
    Leó Szilárd was an Austro-Hungarian physicist and inventor who conceived the nuclear chain reaction in 1933, patented the idea of a nuclear reactor with Enrico Fermi, and in late 1939 wrote the letter for Albert Einstein's signature that resulted in the Manhattan Project that built the atomic bomb...

     (physicist)
  • Mihály Táncsics
    Mihály Táncsics
    Táncsics Mihály was a Hungarian writer, journalist and politician.Mihály Táncsics was born as a son of Croatian father and Slovak mother.- References :...

     (writer, politician)
  • Ármin Vámbéry
    Ármin Vámbéry
    Ármin Vámbéry, Arminius Vámbéry born Hermann Bamberger, or Bamberger Ármin , was a Hungarian orientalist and traveler...

     (linguist)
  • Mihály Vörösmarty
    Mihály Vörösmarty
    Mihály Vörösmarty was an important Hungarian poet and dramatist.He was born at Puszta-Nyék , of a noble Roman Catholic family. His father was a steward of the Nádasdys. Mihály was educated at Székesfehérvár by the Cistercians and at Pest by the Piarists...

     (poet) – his tomb is one of the oldest extant tombs: he was interred in 1855
  • Leó Weiner
    Leo Weiner
    Leo Weiner , was one of the leading Hungarian music educators of the first half of the twentieth century and a composer.- Education :Weiner was born in Budapest. He had his first music and piano lessons from his brother, and later studied at the Academy of Music in Budapest, studying with János ...

     (composer)
  • Sándor Wekerle
    Sándor Wekerle
    Sándor Wekerle was a Hungarian politician who served three times as prime minister.He was born in Mór, in the comitatus of Fejér. His mother was Antónia Szép.After studying law at the University of Budapest he graduated doctor juris...

     (Prime Minister three times)
  • Miklós Ybl
    Miklós Ybl
    Miklós Ybl was one of Europe's leading architects in the mid to late nineteenth century as well as Hungary's most influential architect during his career...

     (architect)
  • Mihály Zichy
    Mihály Zichy
    Mihály Zichy |Zala]], HungaryFebruary 28, 1906, St. Petersburg, Russia) was a Hungarian painter and graphic artist.Mihály Zichy was a significant representative of Hungarian romantic painting. During his law studies in Pest from 1842, he attended Jakab Marastoni's school as well. In Vienna he was...

    (painter, graphic artist)

Note: This list is very far from complete. The full list of notable persons would include about 700 names. Their complete listing is available in a free booklet available at the cemetery.

External links

Budapest Funeral Institute, including
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