Khateek
Encyclopedia
The Khatik is a Kshatriya, Rajput ancestry and the etymology of the word Khatik comes from Sanskrit Khat+eek, which means orders of Priest in the Yaga Mandapam to stroke sacrifice of animal during Vedic Yagas by none other than Rajput, Kshatriya i.e. specified as Khateek an immediate action to fulfill the Vedic rituals and Nitya Karmas, and found all over India barring a small minority in Gujarat and Maharashtra
, who are converted to Islam called Shaikh Qassab
. Neither they remain as Hindu nor Kshatriya - Khatik in India
.
word Khat, which means Khadag and eek an stroke sacrifice of animal sponsored by the Priest's chanting of Vedic rituals in the Yaga Mandapam by Rajput, Kshatriya pronounced as Khateek as evident of Rig Veda 10th mandala, chapter 91 and Yazar Vedha chapters 22, 23.
The Delhi
Khatik have a different tradition as to their origin. According to them, some members of the Khateek community were converted to Islam
, during the rule of the Mughal
emperor Aurangzeb
. To prevent further conversion, the community decided to raise pig
s.The traditional occupation of the Delhi
Khateek is the rearing of and butchering of pig
s and goat
s.
The Hindu Khatik in Punjab
have five gotra
s (clans), the Mogha, Bairiwal, Aswal, Jatoria, and Khinchi. The Hindu
Khatik only avoid one gotra in marriage. The tribe worships Bhairon
and Sidh Massani. They also as a clan worship Durga
. The Hindu Khatiks were also pork butchers. They now use the surname Chawdhary.In Uttar Pradesh
, they are divided into seven sub-groups, which are the Ayudhiyabasi, Bakar Ka Sao, Baurea, Cgalan Mahrao, Ghor Charoa, Pasi
and Sonkar
.
In the 17th Century, several Khateek clans in Punjab
were converted to Islam
. The Muslim Khateeks of Punjab
have two clans, the Rajput
s and Ghori Pathan
. Since the partition of India
, the Muslim
Khateeks moved to Pakistan
have established tanneries, and are now referred to as Shaikh
s and Khars.
, Ludhiana and Patiala districts of Punjab, and Sirsa
, Jind
and Kurukshetra
districts of Haryana
. As with other Muslim communities in Punjab
, the Muslim
Kathik of Punjab left their homeland after the partition of India
, except those of Malerkotla State
, who remain in India
. Other Muslim Khatik communities remain in Gujarat and Maharashtra
. Hindu Khateek are also found in the states of Maharashtra
, Rajasthan
, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh
.
, the Khatik are found in the states of Punjab
, Haryana
, Rajasthan
, Gujarat, Delhi
, Uttar Pradesh
, Madhya Pradesh
, Maharashtra
and Bihar
. Each of these groups maintains a distinct identity, speaking various dialects of Hindi
, Punjabi
, Gujarati
and Marathi
, and having different sub-groups.
, the Khatik are mainly involved in selling vegetables, and have never been butchers. The community speak Bhojpuri, and are found mainly in north Bihar
. The community uses the surname Prasad. They are either cultivators, growing and selling vegetables, or in urban areas are simply vegetable sellers.
. They speak Bhojpuri, and other dialects of Hindi
. The Khatik engage themselves in various economic activities, such as selling vegetables, fruits, flowers, as well as acting as butcher
s. The Sonkar sub-division are involved in the selling of fruits, flowers and vegetables. With reforms brought about by the abolishment of the zamindar
i system, many of the Uttar Pradesh (UP) Khatik have become farmer
s. As their agricultural holdings are extremely small, many are now share croppers. Despite land reforms, the UP Khateek remain are marginalized group.
The Khatik of UP are Hindu
, and their traditional deities are Santoshi Mata
and Hanuman
. While those of Haryana
worship regional deities such as Beriwali Devi and Vishnu Devi.
, the Khatik have two subgroups, the Soor Khateek and the Khal Rangay Khateek. The Soor Khatik are then further sub-divided into five endogamous groups, the Sonkar, Ayudhiabasi, Hardia, Subaiya and Bempatiya, while the Khal Rengay Khateek have the following sub-groups, the Chauhan
, Pahadia, Tanwar, Lodhwal, Badgujar, Nagar
,khooni kankasiya, Phaswala and Bhilwara. The Soor Khateek speak Bhojpuri, while the Khal Rangay speak Rajasthani
those who came from Rajasthan
and according to the District to whom they belong to and Haryanvi. The traditional occupation of the Delhi
Soor Khateek is the rearing of and butchering of pigs and goats, Where Khal Rangay Khateek occupation was tanning the sheep/goat skin and selling the hairs of sheep. They have now entered other trades, and many are now run small businesses, mainly dealing with the selling of plastic goods. Like other North India
Khateeks, they are Hindu
s.
, the community are also known as Chaudhury, and speak Haryanvi. They enjoy scheduled caste status in the state. The community is split along religious lines, with some members of the community belonging to the Hindu
faith, while others being Sikh
. However, intermarriage does take place between the Hindu
and Sikh
Khatiks. They are further divided into eighty four clans, which are exogamous. The main ones being the Asiwal, Bahwal, Bargujar, Tanwal, Chauhan
, Aswal, Tisware, Bagli, Khichi, Kataria, Tangsuria, Baswale, Paharia, Malwalia, Meowal, Solanki
, Badsiwal, Bamboria and Sankhale. They are strictly an endogamous community, with very few cases of intermarriage with other groups.badgujars are very strong and cleaver in the khateek these are rule over the community especialy Haryana
Their traditional occupation has remained the dyeing of goat and sheep skin. Unlike their kinsmen in Delhi
and Uttar Pradesh
, they have never been pig butchers. Many are now peddlers, selling scrap, household goods and bangles.
are is still involved with tanning and dyeing of goatskin. According to their traditions, the community immigrated from Uttar Pradesh
in the distant past. The Hindu
Khatik have scheduled caste status, while Muslim have other backward class status. Both groups of Khatik are strictly endogenous, and do not intermarry. The Muslim
Khatik are Sunni Muslim
, and the community has been greatly reduced by emigration to Pakistan
. They are now found mainly in Malerkotla
, where historically the Nawab
had set up a traditional caste council headed by a chaudhary. But with reduction in the numbers of the Muslim Khatik, the position of the Chaudhary is no longer influential. Both communities of Khatik speak Punjabi
, with many Muslims also speaking Urdu
.
The majority of the Hindu
Khatik are employed as pig butchers, with a minority who are now petty businessmen. While a majority of Muslim Khatik are involved in the running of tanneries, and a small number have become wealthy, exporting many of the leather products they manufacture.
are concentrated in the districts of Ajmer
, Jaipur
, Alwar
and Udaipur
. They claim Rajput
ancestry, and the etymology of the word Khateek comes from the Sanskrit
khattika, which means butcher. The community speak dialects of Rajasthani
, and profess Hinduism
. Their regional deities include Hanuman
. Like other Khatik communities, the Khatik of Rajasthan
have a number of clans. Their main clans are the Bachhra, Pawar, Samariya, Gangwal, Chandel
, Baswala, Tanwar, Tepan, Naraniya, Beniwal, Nainiwal, Chandel
, Soyal, Rajora, Khinchi, Pahadia, Tomar
, Badgujar,Bnundela, Begdi, Chauhan
, Sankhla, Khitolia, Pachaury, Pachori, Chetiwal, Butolia, Malavalia, Chhinwal,Nagora, Tusawada, Burasia, chauhan the Rajasthani Khatik were avoided four gotras in marriage. Now-a-days, in view of the present situation, due to the problems occurred for matches of boys and girls for marriages, they avoid only two gotras specifically Mother and Father.
Traditionally the Rajasthani Khatik are a caste of butchers. They also raise cattle and sell in the town markets. In urban Rajasthan, the Khateek run many of the meat shops, and are the main supplier of Jhatka
meat, as opposed to the Qassab
, who are sellers of halal
meat.
and Muslim
sub-groups. The Hindu Khateek do not slaughter animals, which is done by Muslim Khateek, but they simply sell the meat. There are further territorial divisions, the Jaipuria and Bagard Khateek. The community is also split into a number of gotra
s, the main ones being the Bagod, Demaria, Dindmania, Chauhan, Chaula, Khoiwad, Khinchi, Lindiwal, Chandal, Bagma and Daima. The community is mostly butchers, but a good many of them have now taken up petty trade.
The Muslim Khateek are found mainly in Ahmedabad and Banaskantha
districts. Traditionally, the Muslim Khateek are a community of mutton butchers, but many are now employed as daily wage labourers. The community is entirely Sunni Muslim
, and have customs similar to other Gujarati Muslim
communities.
, the Khatik are found mainly in Nagpur District
. They are said to have immigrated from Madhya Pradesh
. According to their traditions, they are a sub-group of the Dhangar
community. The majority of the Kathik are Hindu
, with a small minority in Pune
who are Muslim
. They now speak Marathi
. The Hindu
Kathik have two sub-divisions, the Barade found in Amravati
, Yeotmal, Nagpur
, Akola and Buldana, whereas the Marathe are found in Nagpur
, Chandrapur, Poona and Marathwada
. Both these sub-divisions are endogamous. They usually marry within their own community and preferably in the same sub-division. These two sub-divisions are further divided into clans called kur, which also used as surnames. The main clans are the Barane, Dhoke, Gholpe, Katare, Larokar, Madne, Pardhi and Tumane. Each of these clans are of equal status.
The Khatik are still mainly engaged in the selling mutton, and selling of goats and other livestock. A small minority are now cultivators. With growing urbanization, many Khatik are abandoning their traditional occupation. The Khatik have set a state wide association, the Khatik Samaj Sabha, based in the town of Nagpur
. Many Kathik are now doctors, engineers, and police officers. Their customs are similar to neighbouring Marathi
communities. The community pay special reverence to Ambagade or Karoji Bua, who is a local deity.
The Muslim Khateek in Maharashtra have now petitioned to the Supreme Court of India
for the inclusion of Muslim Dalit, within Scheduled Caste category, a status they have so far been excluded from.
, Khatik are the pioneer of the Kshatriya, Rajput ancestry and the etymology of the word Khatik comes from Sanskrit word Khattika, which means to hunt or carry out orders after chanting of the Vedic rituals by Priest in the Yaga Mandapam by Sward, Khadag, (Khat+eek) stroke sacrifice of animal in accordance with the Rig Ved 10th Mandala, Chapter 91 and Yazar Ved Chapters 22,23.
Owing to their dedicated stand taken likewise Maharana Pratap Singh of Mewar and Bundelkhand Kesri Bira Chhatrasal Maharaj to save the Nation, they had moved out from their original places to the forest as much as become below poverty lines Scheduled as Caste instead of Tribe according to their history as much as the Constitution of India after 1950.
Traditional stroke sacrifice of the animal at Hariyali Amavashya is carried out by Vedic rituals as hitherto maintained from early medieval period by Kshatriya, Rajputra - Khatik only. They maintained the old traditional four Gautras system in settlement of marriages within their respective groups. They have been concentrated in the districts of Gwalior, Bhopal, Indore, Sagar, Jabalpur. Traditionally, they are Wholesale Fruit & Vegetable Merchants, Businessmen and Agriculturist etc. A few Khateek run Jhatka meat shops also as opposed to Khateek converted to Islam called Shaikh, who sales halal meat. There are also groups of Soor and Malvi Khateeks in Jabalpur and Indore respectively. most of the khateek in m.p. are suryavanshi khateek , who have 360 gotra mainly chouhan, tomar ,bhojak ,ghanghoria ,kukrele ,tundele , thagele , shejwar , rajore , gujar ,kirar ,sapre , katrolia , chak etc .
According to ethics, Banpur was the capital of Banasur the king of demons, a great devotee of Lord Siva Mahadev, her daughter Usha Devi was also dedicated devotee of this Shiv Linga of Mahadev in midnight. Usha Devi was married to Anirudha, the grandson of Lord Krishna and son of Pradumna. It is believed, that Shiv Linga has emerged from the Kunda of landlady of the Kshatriya, Rajput, Bagwar clan of early medieval period as evident engraved footnote found below Nandi Mahadev V.S.1201 (1144 A.D.).
Kalighat Bhopal, the beautiful Lower Lake
side is the temple of Dakshin Kali, was founded by Shri Shiv Narayan Singh Bagwar with the blessings of Goddess Kali on Shrawan Shukl Ekadashi V.S.2024 - 3rd September, 1968 and Shree Kalika Mandir Dharmarth Nyas, Kalighat, Bhopal was registered on 7th October, 1976. The temple has become a place where the wishes of everyone is fulfilled. All religious communities across the Country are visiting temple and making their life happier by the blessings of Goddess Kali. It has been a center point amongst devotees of Sakti and has emerged as Kalika Shakti Peeth, over a period of time. A religious place of great significance for devotees across all segments, all over the country and abroad, by prolong dedicated services of Shree Shree 1008 Shree Kalikacharya, Shree Kalika Peethadheesh, Anantananda Maharaj Shree Shiv Narayan Singh Bagwar. Traditional stroke sacrifice of the animal at Hariyali Amavashya is carried out by non other than by Rajput, Kshatriya after Vedic rituals of the Priests. The same tradition is maintained at the auspicious occasions of Chandi Yagas, Vijayadushmi etc...
By establishing the holy shrine in a central and predominantly other religious location in Bhopal. He had proved his commitment for furthering Hindu cause. When others would not have dared to do so. It turned out to be one of the most popular religious sites in Bhopal. As an institution, temple has emerged as meeting place for Hindus from as on the state and it rose as centre which increasingly realizes the growing aspirations of Hindus.
• The two Navratri’s are highly regarded among the Indian festivals, they focus on different aspects of Devi and among them is Kali, who is worshiped by people from all backgrounds. In comparison to the other goddess temples in Bhopal, the Kali Temple is one of the largest and most popular places. Daily people visit the temple, to get the glimpse divine image, which is opened to the public only during the days of Navratri. They worship & decorate the goddess and offer sacrificial gifts and prayers
• In the Kali Temple caste no longer act as an endurance in ritual observance, and it has lost its meaning as a discriminating feature, and led to integration & devotees.
• The celebration reaches its zenith on the ninth day. In the evening, the temple is filled with worshipers; disciples come with donation, attend the sacrament and volunteer for private prayers to get rid of their problems.
• The stream of visitors thins out towards midnight. And then, only the selected devotee stay behind to perform the fire sacrifice, which outline the pinnacle of the festival and finally ends the much devoted and anticipated nine day of Navratri celebration.
• Special arrangements are made during the two Gupt Navratri festivals which comes in-between the two navratris
• A number of programmes on various occasions i.e. Gudipadwa, Dushera, Shivratri, Ganesh Utsav, Sri Krishna Janamastami, Holi, Deepavali, Independence Day, Republic Day is regular feature and celebrated at large scale.
• The trust has changed the old belief by providing equal opportunities for woman. This has been initiated by His Holiness Sri Sri Kalika Peethadheesh. The only restriction enforced in all temples is that women are not allowed to perform. Bagware though has reformed this rule for the Kali Temple and allowed couples as participants for the first time in 1997. (Negotiating the Divine 41 – Ursula Rao, 2003).
• Astonishing Efforts were done to enshrine Golden Shikhar Kalash by Sri Kalika Peethadheesh. A historical procession of Kalash Yatra together with the deities of Sri Ganesh, Goddess Parwati, Goddess Durga, Goddess Shitla and Kaalbhairva Bhagwan was carried out through out city of Bhopal headed by Shree Shree Shiv Narayan Singhji Bagwar and Golden five Shikhar Kalash were Pratisthapit on 10th April, 2008. The Temple now consists alongwith Goddess Shree Kalika, Sri Hanumanji, Sri Ganeshji, Goddess Sri Parwati, Sri Shankar Bhagwan, Mahadev Shivlingam, Goddess Sri Durga, Goddess Sri Shitla and Sri Kaalbhairava Bhagwan.
• It is worthwhile to mention here, that the construction of grand Kali Temple was costing of above Rs.1.51 Crore which has been made possible by huge support of devotees.
• Bagwar is the head of this interpretive venture; instead of opposing high caste dominance, they trace their origin to high caste status. By making efforts to (re-) unite the label of society, he suggests a Kshatriya origin. The one and the foremost reason was the basic difference in “Vedic Hinsa - Hinsa Na Bhavati & Ahinsa Parmo Dharma”. He sees it as his mission to lead the caste ‘back to lost glory’, not only by re-uniting it, but also by reforming practices along orthodox ideals of religious and social behavior. A war was started against ‘bad habits’ like drinking, gambling and meat eating. Admonitions for modern education are heard and Brahmanical forms of religiosity supported. This is a classic example of towards Sanskritization or Brahmanization among castes wishing to rise in the local hierarchy. (Negotiating the Divine 41 – Ursula Rao, 2003).
• Bagware has initiated revolutionary steps to prohibit liquor in the entire community affairs, reduce marriage expenses and to end the practice of dowry in spite of opposition from entire social hierarchy.
• A new vision – new mission to impart in the lives for socio-economic upliftment, which was not acceptable to them at that time, owing to long back traditional history. Resultantly, it has been decided to start with Samoohik Vivaha Sammelan of seven brides & grooms on the auspicious occasion of the Akshya Tritya on 6th May, 1981 with Vedic cult at Village Naisamand, Tehsil Berasia. It is pertinent to mention here that the same was inspired to the facts that Raja Janak married her daughter Sita to Shri Ram together with other…daughters to Shri Bharat, Shri Laxman and Shri Shatrughan respectively.
• As an initiative & after its grand success gave a new thought to the world. Later on, this concept of mass marriages became widely accepted by all communities in India; And, it was amongst the first of its kind in the Nation. Subsequently, the second Adarsh Samoohik Vivah Sammelan was arranged on the same occasion of Akshya Tritya 1982 at Berasia, Disstt. Sehore, which was again a grand success.
• A third major festival, and the one that most explicitly is the yearly celebration of mass wedding ceremony. Since 1991, this new tradition has become identified with the Kali Temple in Bhopal. Each one, on the occasion of Akshya Tritya. (April/May), all over Madhya Pradesh are called to sign up their children for the mass marriage service at the Kali Temple in Bhopal. This practice began to reduce costs and to end the practice of dowry. Above all villagers take advantage of it and travel to Bhopal accompanied by their relatives to have their sons and daughters married for nominal fee.
Shree 360 Gautriya Kshatriya Samaj, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal was registered by Thakur Shri Shiv Narayan Singh Bagwar as it's Founder. (Registration No.4699/1976) in 1976. Suryavanshi 360 Gautriya Kshatriya Vanshavali published by Thakur Shayamlal Singh Bhadkaria (Bhadoria) of Gwalior in 1958 has been updated by him after due research of Suryawansh, Chandrawansh and Agniwansh respectively.
Badgujar: Bodle Chentiwar Gajar Gujar Malakpuria Sikarwar Utgiria
Bais: Bhaale-sultan Kumbhi Pathania Pritishthanpuri Rawat Trilokchandi
Bisen: Bumbwar Bumtela Donwar
Dikshit: Durgwanshi, Hinnwar, Kinwar
Gaharwar:
Abhaipuria Arharwar Bagwar Bhariau Bhattiwal Bira Bundela Chandra Danesra Farshatare Gajmoti Holkar Jarkhera Kapolia Kherodia Kora Kukrolia Kushmaiya Mahune Mohania Padma Parakh Rajpali Rathore Tundele Zondiware
Gahlot:
Adayana Ahadia-Pahadia Arkvansh Badharia Badwar Bansiwal Barsania Bhojak Bhonia Butiwal-Bundiwal Fagodia Gaharwar Gandhila Gora Gorakha Guhil-Gohil Jagmallot Mandia– Madele-Mandawat Nikash Pipda-Pardhi Sikaria-Sikadia Sisodia Tankchhoda Tipan
Kachhawaha:
Atrolia Baibhadrot Banka Bhatia Chaturbhujot Dhandi Dhingarwar Dongra Dundhas Guglia Gugri Jeegarwal Joria Kagjhare Kalchharia Kankare Karchhaiya Katrolia Khandgrot Khitolia Kohwal Kotia–Mankotia-Jasrothia Kubhani Kurie Kushwaha Ladkhani Mahadwadia Manhas-Minhas Naruka Narwaria Pachauri Panchal Piprolia Scindhia–Sendhav-Shinde Sokhar Sople Tajkhani Tanki Thagele-Besar, Bhophora,Keel Toda.
Nikumbh:
Birha Kasrentia Kathariya Kumbhbhal, Raj Kumar Navle Pataria Shrinet
Pawar:
Aud Bajuania Balhar Bamania Bamote Barkhedia Bhilware-Bheli Bhilware-Bhondu Bhilware-Chandpuria Bhilware-Dagaman Bhilware-Guthlia Bhilware-Hatkas Bhilware-Karejhanga Bhilware-Pataphar Bhilware-Rahora Bhojpuria Bhosle Bhupania Bilhatia Dabhade Deedwania Dhunda Dodia Dudhare Erchhaiya Jagra Khairwar Khal-Khokha Khilwad Kukronthe Kulisurve Madanpuria Madere Mahadik Mohite Naratia Nauliawalia Patel Rewadia Rewatwanshi Sankhala-Sanvda Sanwaria Subal Tawade Ujjainia
Raghuwansh:
Bagwar Bhagoria Dahima Devalia Edana Gaikwad Ichhawaku Kakusth Kandul Keral Khatke Khatri Khush Kolav–Korba-Kalar Lichhavi–Lemlora-Longla Neemi Parsolia Rupalia Sarangdev Surveer-Soorwar Udmatia
Rathore:
Bika Chhilwar-Chharcholia Chhindwadia Falke-Filwar Jaithawat Jangaria Jayas Jhabua Kailwarh Kanbhajiya Kannojia Kupawat Ladorva Mahar-Maher Malawalia-Malawat Medwaria Milatwar Pahrole Pakharia Raikwar-Ratwaha Rajore-Rajoria Ratnakar-Ratanbhulia Surwarh
Yadu:
Agrwar Kalal Kararia Pundir
Chandrawansh:
Banaphar–Farejia-Mohabia Chandel Kaushik–Kura
Tanwar:
Bangarwar Bautolia Bantola Tamori Taware
Taur:
Agnpal Ghonghat Indoria Jinwar Nainiwar Taretia Teraiyan
Tomar:
Bandichhore Boriwal Beruari Birwar Ghura Ghute Katiyar Naikya Chauri Naikya Tande
Agniwansh
Chauhan:
Asolia Basuwal-Baswala Hada Aswal-Asiwal Ojania Bachheria-Bachhgoti Baddak Bagdi Bagh Balecha Banipal-Bahuwal Bargaiyan Bhadauria-Bhadkaria Bhople Chachera Chalukya Chandrasenia-Chandosia Chawda Deora Devalia Dilwaria Feemapuria Ghanghoria-Lahar Ghanghoria-Mudia Dandotia Goyalwal Hamiria Jangade Karochia-Karosia Karto Katheriya Kayat Khichi Machhali Fundna Madrecha Maduria Malani Meharwania Mohil Nabbawaria Nadola Narnaulia Nauhani Navale Nirwania-Bagninnotia Pachchisia Parewa Parihar-Parmar Pavia Piretwal Prathavirajia Puravia Sagan Sambharia Sapre Sejwar-Sengarwar Songara Tassera Tilhentia
Pal:
Badaria Baghodia Bilodaria Chansoria Chowaria-Chorasia Deepal Dhangar Dhanpali Gadaria Gatewaria Kaharia Karadia Kotpal Manwaria Palwar
Parihar:
Baghodia Budhkhel Dorana Ghagha Ghorana Ghorchada Inda Kalhan Keshodas Khokhar Kilhan Lullra Machhali Fundna Pratihar-Pauria Rameta Sindhu Sonpal Subrana
Solanki:
Baghel-Baghela Bawar Bemte Bharsuria Jujaharia-Jujhotia Kataria Khechar Panwar Piploda Sangaria Sarakia Sirohi Saira Sondia
(Alphabetically).
and Faisalabad
districts of Punjab
. A small number are also found in the cities of Karachi
and Quetta
. They are entirely Muslim
in Pakistan
, and exclusively Sunni. The community is bilingual, speaking both Urdu
and Punjabi
. They are strictly endogamous, with very few cases of intermarriage with other communities.
The Khateek community is regarded as the pioneers of tannery work in Kasur
. The Khateeks, who think of themselves as a kinship group, or biraderi, trace their origins to Jalandhar
and other cities of eastern Punjab in India
. Their self-designation is now Shaikh
or Punjabi Shaikh
, although both Khateek and Shaikh are used inter-changeably. The name Khateek is now used as clan designation of the Punjabi Shaikh caste. It is possible, in principle, for there to be Khateeks who are not Shaikh and vice versa. In practice, however, the two terms are used interchangeably by the people in question, not only in Kasur, but also in other sites such as Korangi
where tanning work is established. The Khateek of Jalandhar
arrived in Pakistan
at the time of the partition of India
in 1947. Various groups of families attempted to set up their traditional industry in various towns and cities, including Kasur
, Karachi
, and Quetta
.
The Khateeks who settled in Kasur
initially established cottage industries where all family members, including women, participated in the work. The first proper tannery was established by the Khateeks in Kasur in the 1960s. From then on, the tendency has been towards industrialization, with cottage industries being replaced by factories withbigger productive capacities and with the extensive use of non-family labour. The Khateeks themselves have withdrawn their labour and focus on managing their businesses. The large Christian
community of Kasur
and its surroundings, provided the initial core of employees in the industry.
Like other Pakistanis, many Khateeks have emigrated to the United Kingdom
, and form a significant part of the community of British Pakistanis, particularly in the city of Glasgow
.
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...
, who are converted to Islam called Shaikh Qassab
Qassab
The Qassab are members of the Muslim community involved in meat business. They are butchers and work in abattoirs and meat shops where they process and sell meat of poultry, seafood, cattle, goats, sheeps, etc. The most common surname of Qassab community is Quraishi. But all Quraishis are not ...
. Neither they remain as Hindu nor Kshatriya - Khatik in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
.
History and origin
Rajput ancestry and the etymology of the word Khateek comes from Sanskrit Khattika, which means hunt and stroke sacrifice of Priest's sponsored animal during Vadic Yagas by none other than Rajput, Kshatriya; Khateek an immediate action to fulfill the Vedic rituals and Nitya Karmas. Another claim the origin of the word Khatik has been derived from the SanskritSanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
word Khat, which means Khadag and eek an stroke sacrifice of animal sponsored by the Priest's chanting of Vedic rituals in the Yaga Mandapam by Rajput, Kshatriya pronounced as Khateek as evident of Rig Veda 10th mandala, chapter 91 and Yazar Vedha chapters 22, 23.
The Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
Khatik have a different tradition as to their origin. According to them, some members of the Khateek community were converted to Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
, during the rule of the Mughal
Mughal Empire
The Mughal Empire , or Mogul Empire in traditional English usage, was an imperial power from the Indian Subcontinent. The Mughal emperors were descendants of the Timurids...
emperor Aurangzeb
Aurangzeb
Abul Muzaffar Muhy-ud-Din Muhammad Aurangzeb Alamgir , more commonly known as Aurangzeb or by his chosen imperial title Alamgir , was the sixth Mughal Emperor of India, whose reign lasted from 1658 until his death in 1707.Badshah Aurangzeb, having ruled most of the Indian subcontinent for nearly...
. To prevent further conversion, the community decided to raise pig
Pig
A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates. Pigs include the domestic pig, its ancestor the wild boar, and several other wild relatives...
s.The traditional occupation of the Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
Khateek is the rearing of and butchering of pig
Pig
A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the Suidae family of even-toed ungulates. Pigs include the domestic pig, its ancestor the wild boar, and several other wild relatives...
s and goat
Goat
The domestic goat is a subspecies of goat domesticated from the wild goat of southwest Asia and Eastern Europe. The goat is a member of the Bovidae family and is closely related to the sheep as both are in the goat-antelope subfamily Caprinae. There are over three hundred distinct breeds of...
s.
The Hindu Khatik in Punjab
Punjab (India)
Punjab ) is a state in the northwest of the Republic of India, forming part of the larger Punjab region. The state is bordered by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest as well as the Pakistani province of Punjab to the...
have five gotra
Gotra
In the Hindu society, the term Gotra broadly refers to people who are descendants in an unbroken male line from a common male ancestor. Panini defines gotra for grammatical purposes as apatyam pautraprabhrti gotram , which means "the word gotra denotes the progeny beginning with the son's son"...
s (clans), the Mogha, Bairiwal, Aswal, Jatoria, and Khinchi. The Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
Khatik only avoid one gotra in marriage. The tribe worships Bhairon
Bhairava
Bhairava , sometimes known as Bhairo or Bhairon or Bhairadya or Bheruji , Kaala Bhairavar or Vairavar , is the fierce manifestation of Lord Shiva associated with annihilation...
and Sidh Massani. They also as a clan worship Durga
Durga
For the 1985 Hindi Film of Rajesh Khanna see DurgaaIn Hinduism, Durga ; ; meaning "the inaccessible" or "the invincible"; , durga) or Maa Durga "one who can redeem in situations of utmost distress" is a form of Devi, the supremely radiant goddess, depicted as having eighteen arms, riding a lion...
. The Hindu Khatiks were also pork butchers. They now use the surname Chawdhary.In Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
, they are divided into seven sub-groups, which are the Ayudhiyabasi, Bakar Ka Sao, Baurea, Cgalan Mahrao, Ghor Charoa, Pasi
Pasi
Pasi is a settlement near the coast of Sandaun Province, Papua New Guinea, to the west of the province capital of Vanimo. It is four hours walk from the village of Krisa, of which it is an offshoot. Pasi is the largest I'saka-speaking settlement outside of Krisa....
and Sonkar
Sonkar
The Sonkar are a Hindu caste found in the Bundelkhand region of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh in India. They are sub-caste of the Khateek community. Historically, the Sonksr were a community of dyers. They are divided into a number of exogamous clans, the main ones being the Magariya, Gotiya and...
.
In the 17th Century, several Khateek clans in Punjab
Punjab region
The Punjab , also spelled Panjab |water]]s"), is a geographical region straddling the border between Pakistan and India which includes Punjab province in Pakistan and the states of the Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh and some northern parts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi...
were converted to Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
. The Muslim Khateeks of Punjab
Punjab region
The Punjab , also spelled Panjab |water]]s"), is a geographical region straddling the border between Pakistan and India which includes Punjab province in Pakistan and the states of the Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh and some northern parts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi...
have two clans, the Rajput
Rajput
A Rajput is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and in some parts of Pakistan. Rajputs are descendants of one of the major ruling warrior classes in the Indian subcontinent, particularly North India...
s and Ghori Pathan
Pashtun people
Pashtuns or Pathans , also known as ethnic Afghans , are an Eastern Iranic ethnic group with populations primarily between the Hindu Kush mountains in Afghanistan and the Indus River in Pakistan...
. Since the partition of India
Partition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...
, the Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
Khateeks moved to Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
have established tanneries, and are now referred to as Shaikh
Punjabi Shaikh
Sheikh , is an Arabic word meaning elder of a tribe, lord, Honorable revered old man, or Islamic scholar. In South Asia it is used as an ethnic title generally attributed to Muslim trading families....
s and Khars.
Distribution
The Khatiks, both Hindu and Muslim were found mainly in JalandharJalandhar District
Jalandhar district , Jalandhar Zilā) is one of the 22 districts in the state of Punjab in North-West Republic of India. The capital is Jalandhar City...
, Ludhiana and Patiala districts of Punjab, and Sirsa
Sirsa district
Sirsa district is one of the districts of Haryana state, India. Sirsa is the district headquarters, and is located on National Highway 10 and 250 km away from Delhi.-Origin of name:The district is named after its headquarters, Sirsa...
, Jind
Jind
Jind is a town in Jind District, Harayana state, India.It is one of the oldest districts of Harayana. It is one of the first Sikh Kingdoms. It lies in central Haryana and is the fourth district of the Jat belt .The city is beautiful...
and Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra
Kurukshetra is a land of historical and religious importance. Historically the land belonged to Punjab now a district in Haryana state of India. It is a holy place and is also known as Dharmakshetra . According to the Puranas, Kurukshetra is named after King Kuru, the ancestor of Kauravas and...
districts of Haryana
Haryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
. As with other Muslim communities in Punjab
Punjab region
The Punjab , also spelled Panjab |water]]s"), is a geographical region straddling the border between Pakistan and India which includes Punjab province in Pakistan and the states of the Punjab, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Chandigarh and some northern parts of the National Capital Territory of Delhi...
, the Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
Kathik of Punjab left their homeland after the partition of India
Partition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...
, except those of Malerkotla State
Malerkotla
Malerkotla is a city and a municipal council in Sangrur district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was the seat of the eponymous princely state during the British Raj...
, who remain in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. Other Muslim Khatik communities remain in Gujarat and Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...
. Hindu Khateek are also found in the states of Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...
, Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...
, Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
.
In India
In IndiaIndia
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
, the Khatik are found in the states of Punjab
Punjab (India)
Punjab ) is a state in the northwest of the Republic of India, forming part of the larger Punjab region. The state is bordered by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest as well as the Pakistani province of Punjab to the...
, Haryana
Haryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
, Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...
, Gujarat, Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
, Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
, Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city....
, Maharashtra
Maharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...
and Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....
. Each of these groups maintains a distinct identity, speaking various dialects of Hindi
Hindi
Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
, Punjabi
Punjabi language
Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region . For Sikhs, the Punjabi language stands as the official language in which all ceremonies take place. In Pakistan, Punjabi is the most widely spoken language...
, Gujarati
Gujarati language
Gujarati is an Indo-Aryan language, and part of the greater Indo-European language family. It is derived from a language called Old Gujarati which is the ancestor language of the modern Gujarati and Rajasthani languages...
and Marathi
Marathi language
Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are over 68 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi has the fourth largest number of native speakers in India and is the fifteenth most...
, and having different sub-groups.
In Bihar
In BiharBihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....
, the Khatik are mainly involved in selling vegetables, and have never been butchers. The community speak Bhojpuri, and are found mainly in north Bihar
Bihar
Bihar is a state in eastern India. It is the 12th largest state in terms of geographical size at and 3rd largest by population. Almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, which is the highest proportion in India....
. The community uses the surname Prasad. They are either cultivators, growing and selling vegetables, or in urban areas are simply vegetable sellers.
In Uttar Pradesh
In Uttar PradeshUttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
. They speak Bhojpuri, and other dialects of Hindi
Hindi
Standard Hindi, or more precisely Modern Standard Hindi, also known as Manak Hindi , High Hindi, Nagari Hindi, and Literary Hindi, is a standardized and sanskritized register of the Hindustani language derived from the Khariboli dialect of Delhi...
. The Khatik engage themselves in various economic activities, such as selling vegetables, fruits, flowers, as well as acting as butcher
Butcher
A butcher is a person who may slaughter animals, dress their flesh, sell their meat or any combination of these three tasks. They may prepare standard cuts of meat, poultry, fish and shellfish for sale in retail or wholesale food establishments...
s. The Sonkar sub-division are involved in the selling of fruits, flowers and vegetables. With reforms brought about by the abolishment of the zamindar
Zamindar
A Zamindar or zemindar , was an aristocrat, typically hereditary, who held enormous tracts of land and ruled over and taxed the bhikaaris who lived on batavaslam. Over time, they took princely and royal titles such as Maharaja , Raja , Nawab , and Mirza , Chowdhury , among others...
i system, many of the Uttar Pradesh (UP) Khatik have become farmer
Farmer
A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, who raises living organisms for food or raw materials, generally including livestock husbandry and growing crops, such as produce and grain...
s. As their agricultural holdings are extremely small, many are now share croppers. Despite land reforms, the UP Khateek remain are marginalized group.
The Khatik of UP are Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
, and their traditional deities are Santoshi Mata
Santoshi Mata
Santoshi Mata or Santoshi Maa is a relatively new goddess in the Hindu pantheon. She is venerated as "the Mother of Satisfaction", the meaning of her name. Santoshi Mata is particularly worshipped by women of North India and Nepal...
and Hanuman
Hanuman
Hanuman , is a Hindu deity, who is an ardent devotee of Rama, a central character in the Indian epic Ramayana and one of the dearest devotees of lord Rama. A general among the vanaras, an ape-like race of forest-dwellers, Hanuman is an incarnation of the divine and a disciple of Lord Rama in the...
. While those of Haryana
Haryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
worship regional deities such as Beriwali Devi and Vishnu Devi.
In Delhi
In DelhiDelhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
, the Khatik have two subgroups, the Soor Khateek and the Khal Rangay Khateek. The Soor Khatik are then further sub-divided into five endogamous groups, the Sonkar, Ayudhiabasi, Hardia, Subaiya and Bempatiya, while the Khal Rengay Khateek have the following sub-groups, the Chauhan
Chauhan
Chauhan, Chouhan or Chohan , , - is a clan who ruled parts of northern India in the Middle Ages. The clan is most famous for Rajput King Maharaja Prithviraj Chauhan...
, Pahadia, Tanwar, Lodhwal, Badgujar, Nagar
Nagar
Nagar can refer to:*-nagar, a term meaning "settlement" in Sanskrit and other Indo-Aryan languages*the Nagar Valley in northern Pakistan**Nagar, Pakistan, a town in northern Pakistan...
,khooni kankasiya, Phaswala and Bhilwara. The Soor Khateek speak Bhojpuri, while the Khal Rangay speak Rajasthani
Rajasthani language
Rajasthani Rajasthani Rajasthani (Devanagari: , Perso-Arabic: is a language of the Indo-Aryan languages family. It is spoken by 50 million people in Rajasthan and other states of India and in some areas of Pakistan. The number of speakers may be up to 80 million worldwide...
those who came from Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...
and according to the District to whom they belong to and Haryanvi. The traditional occupation of the Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
Soor Khateek is the rearing of and butchering of pigs and goats, Where Khal Rangay Khateek occupation was tanning the sheep/goat skin and selling the hairs of sheep. They have now entered other trades, and many are now run small businesses, mainly dealing with the selling of plastic goods. Like other North India
North India
North India, known natively as Uttar Bhārat or Shumālī Hindustān , is a loosely defined region in the northern part of India. The exact meaning of the term varies by usage...
Khateeks, they are Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
s.
In Haryana
In HaryanaHaryana
Haryana is a state in India. Historically, it has been a part of the Kuru region in North India. The name Haryana is found mentioned in the 12th century AD by the apabhramsha writer Vibudh Shridhar . It is bordered by Punjab and Himachal Pradesh to the north, and by Rajasthan to the west and south...
, the community are also known as Chaudhury, and speak Haryanvi. They enjoy scheduled caste status in the state. The community is split along religious lines, with some members of the community belonging to the Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
faith, while others being Sikh
Sikh
A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism. It primarily originated in the 15th century in the Punjab region of South Asia. The term "Sikh" has its origin in Sanskrit term शिष्य , meaning "disciple, student" or शिक्ष , meaning "instruction"...
. However, intermarriage does take place between the Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
and Sikh
Sikh
A Sikh is a follower of Sikhism. It primarily originated in the 15th century in the Punjab region of South Asia. The term "Sikh" has its origin in Sanskrit term शिष्य , meaning "disciple, student" or शिक्ष , meaning "instruction"...
Khatiks. They are further divided into eighty four clans, which are exogamous. The main ones being the Asiwal, Bahwal, Bargujar, Tanwal, Chauhan
Chauhan
Chauhan, Chouhan or Chohan , , - is a clan who ruled parts of northern India in the Middle Ages. The clan is most famous for Rajput King Maharaja Prithviraj Chauhan...
, Aswal, Tisware, Bagli, Khichi, Kataria, Tangsuria, Baswale, Paharia, Malwalia, Meowal, Solanki
Solanki
The Solanki was a royal Hindu Indian dynasty that ruled parts of western and central India between the 10th to 13th centuries. A number of scholars including V. A. Smith assign them Gurjar origin....
, Badsiwal, Bamboria and Sankhale. They are strictly an endogamous community, with very few cases of intermarriage with other groups.badgujars are very strong and cleaver in the khateek these are rule over the community especialy Haryana
Their traditional occupation has remained the dyeing of goat and sheep skin. Unlike their kinsmen in Delhi
Delhi
Delhi , officially National Capital Territory of Delhi , is the largest metropolis by area and the second-largest by population in India, next to Mumbai. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world by population with 16,753,265 inhabitants in the Territory at the 2011 Census...
and Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
, they have never been pig butchers. Many are now peddlers, selling scrap, household goods and bangles.
In Punjab
The Khatik of PunjabPunjab (India)
Punjab ) is a state in the northwest of the Republic of India, forming part of the larger Punjab region. The state is bordered by the Indian states of Himachal Pradesh to the east, Haryana to the south and southeast and Rajasthan to the southwest as well as the Pakistani province of Punjab to the...
are is still involved with tanning and dyeing of goatskin. According to their traditions, the community immigrated from Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh
Uttar Pradesh abbreviation U.P. , is a state located in the northern part of India. With a population of over 200 million people, it is India's most populous state, as well as the world's most populous sub-national entity...
in the distant past. The Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
Khatik have scheduled caste status, while Muslim have other backward class status. Both groups of Khatik are strictly endogenous, and do not intermarry. The Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
Khatik are Sunni Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
, and the community has been greatly reduced by emigration to Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
. They are now found mainly in Malerkotla
Malerkotla
Malerkotla is a city and a municipal council in Sangrur district in the Indian state of Punjab. It was the seat of the eponymous princely state during the British Raj...
, where historically the Nawab
Nawab
A Nawab or Nawaab is an honorific title given to Muslim rulers of princely states in South Asia. It is the Muslim equivalent of the term "maharaja" that was granted to Hindu rulers....
had set up a traditional caste council headed by a chaudhary. But with reduction in the numbers of the Muslim Khatik, the position of the Chaudhary is no longer influential. Both communities of Khatik speak Punjabi
Punjabi language
Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region . For Sikhs, the Punjabi language stands as the official language in which all ceremonies take place. In Pakistan, Punjabi is the most widely spoken language...
, with many Muslims also speaking Urdu
Urdu
Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
.
The majority of the Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
Khatik are employed as pig butchers, with a minority who are now petty businessmen. While a majority of Muslim Khatik are involved in the running of tanneries, and a small number have become wealthy, exporting many of the leather products they manufacture.
In Rajasthan
The Khatik in RajasthanRajasthan
Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...
are concentrated in the districts of Ajmer
Ajmer district
Ajmer District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Ajmer is the district headquarters.Ajmer District has an area of 8,481 km², and a population of 2,180,526 ,Three main groups are; Hindu 1,869,044, Muslim 244,341, Jains 47,812...
, Jaipur
Jaipur district
Jaipur District is a district of the state of Rajasthan in western India. The city of Jaipur, which is Rajasthan's capital and largest city, is the district headquarters. It is the tenth most populous district in India .-Geography:...
, Alwar
Alwar District
Alwar District is a district in Rajasthan, a state in northern India, with capital in the city of Alwar.The district is bounded on the north by Haryana state, and on the east by Bharatpur, on the south by Dausa, and on the west by Jaipur districts....
and Udaipur
Udaipur
Udaipur , also known as the City of Lakes, is a city, a Municipal Council and the administrative headquarters of the Udaipur district in the state of Rajasthan in western India. It is located southwest of the state capital, Jaipur, west of Kota, and northeast from Ahmedabad...
. They claim Rajput
Rajput
A Rajput is a member of one of the patrilineal clans of western, central, northern India and in some parts of Pakistan. Rajputs are descendants of one of the major ruling warrior classes in the Indian subcontinent, particularly North India...
ancestry, and the etymology of the word Khateek comes from the Sanskrit
Sanskrit
Sanskrit , is a historical Indo-Aryan language and the primary liturgical language of Hinduism, Jainism and Buddhism.Buddhism: besides Pali, see Buddhist Hybrid Sanskrit Today, it is listed as one of the 22 scheduled languages of India and is an official language of the state of Uttarakhand...
khattika, which means butcher. The community speak dialects of Rajasthani
Rajasthani language
Rajasthani Rajasthani Rajasthani (Devanagari: , Perso-Arabic: is a language of the Indo-Aryan languages family. It is spoken by 50 million people in Rajasthan and other states of India and in some areas of Pakistan. The number of speakers may be up to 80 million worldwide...
, and profess Hinduism
Hinduism
Hinduism is the predominant and indigenous religious tradition of the Indian Subcontinent. Hinduism is known to its followers as , amongst many other expressions...
. Their regional deities include Hanuman
Hanuman
Hanuman , is a Hindu deity, who is an ardent devotee of Rama, a central character in the Indian epic Ramayana and one of the dearest devotees of lord Rama. A general among the vanaras, an ape-like race of forest-dwellers, Hanuman is an incarnation of the divine and a disciple of Lord Rama in the...
. Like other Khatik communities, the Khatik of Rajasthan
Rajasthan
Rājasthān the land of Rajasthanis, , is the largest state of the Republic of India by area. It is located in the northwest of India. It encompasses most of the area of the large, inhospitable Great Indian Desert , which has an edge paralleling the Sutlej-Indus river valley along its border with...
have a number of clans. Their main clans are the Bachhra, Pawar, Samariya, Gangwal, Chandel
Chandel
Chandela may refer to* Chandela, a Rajput clan in India* Chandel district, a district in Manipur, India* Suresh Chandel, Indian politician...
, Baswala, Tanwar, Tepan, Naraniya, Beniwal, Nainiwal, Chandel
Chandel
Chandela may refer to* Chandela, a Rajput clan in India* Chandel district, a district in Manipur, India* Suresh Chandel, Indian politician...
, Soyal, Rajora, Khinchi, Pahadia, Tomar
Tomar
Tomar Municipality has a total area of 351.0 km² and a total population of 43,007 inhabitants.The municipality is composed of 16 parishes, and is located in Santarém District...
, Badgujar,Bnundela, Begdi, Chauhan
Chauhan
Chauhan, Chouhan or Chohan , , - is a clan who ruled parts of northern India in the Middle Ages. The clan is most famous for Rajput King Maharaja Prithviraj Chauhan...
, Sankhla, Khitolia, Pachaury, Pachori, Chetiwal, Butolia, Malavalia, Chhinwal,Nagora, Tusawada, Burasia, chauhan the Rajasthani Khatik were avoided four gotras in marriage. Now-a-days, in view of the present situation, due to the problems occurred for matches of boys and girls for marriages, they avoid only two gotras specifically Mother and Father.
Traditionally the Rajasthani Khatik are a caste of butchers. They also raise cattle and sell in the town markets. In urban Rajasthan, the Khateek run many of the meat shops, and are the main supplier of Jhatka
Jhatka
Jhatka or Chatka meat is meat from an animal which has been killed by a single strike of a sword or axe to sever the head, as opposed to Jewish slaughter or Islamic slaughter in which the animal is killed by ritually slicing the throat.-Jhatka meat and Sikhs:Jhatka for Sikhs is the...
meat, as opposed to the Qassab
Qassab
The Qassab are members of the Muslim community involved in meat business. They are butchers and work in abattoirs and meat shops where they process and sell meat of poultry, seafood, cattle, goats, sheeps, etc. The most common surname of Qassab community is Quraishi. But all Quraishis are not ...
, who are sellers of halal
Halal
Halal is a term designating any object or an action which is permissible to use or engage in, according to Islamic law. The term is used to designate food seen as permissible according to Islamic law...
meat.
In Gujarat
The Khatik are found mainly in Eder, Himmatnagar, Khedbrahma, Vijayagar and Bhiloda. They are divided into the HinduHindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
and Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
sub-groups. The Hindu Khateek do not slaughter animals, which is done by Muslim Khateek, but they simply sell the meat. There are further territorial divisions, the Jaipuria and Bagard Khateek. The community is also split into a number of gotra
Gotra
In the Hindu society, the term Gotra broadly refers to people who are descendants in an unbroken male line from a common male ancestor. Panini defines gotra for grammatical purposes as apatyam pautraprabhrti gotram , which means "the word gotra denotes the progeny beginning with the son's son"...
s, the main ones being the Bagod, Demaria, Dindmania, Chauhan, Chaula, Khoiwad, Khinchi, Lindiwal, Chandal, Bagma and Daima. The community is mostly butchers, but a good many of them have now taken up petty trade.
The Muslim Khateek are found mainly in Ahmedabad and Banaskantha
Banaskantha district
Banaskantha is one among the twenty-six districts of the Gujarat state of India. The administrative headquarters of the district is at Palanpur which is also its largest city...
districts. Traditionally, the Muslim Khateek are a community of mutton butchers, but many are now employed as daily wage labourers. The community is entirely Sunni Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
, and have customs similar to other Gujarati Muslim
Gujarati Muslim
The term Gujarati Muslims is usually used to signify an Indian Muslim from the State of Gujarat in west India, who speaks the Gujarati Language as a mother-tongue and follows certain customs different from the rest of Indian Muslims...
communities.
In Maharashtra
In MaharashtraMaharashtra
Maharashtra is a state located in India. It is the second most populous after Uttar Pradesh and third largest state by area in India...
, the Khatik are found mainly in Nagpur District
Nagpur District
Nagpur district is a district in the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra state in central India. The city of Nagpur is the district headquarters. The district is part of Nagpur Division....
. They are said to have immigrated from Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city....
. According to their traditions, they are a sub-group of the Dhangar
Dhangar
The Dhangar caste is primarily located in the Indian state of Maharashtra...
community. The majority of the Kathik are Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
, with a small minority in Pune
Pune
Pune , is the eighth largest metropolis in India, the second largest in the state of Maharashtra after Mumbai, and the largest city in the Western Ghats. Once the centre of power of the Maratha Empire, it is situated 560 metres above sea level on the Deccan plateau at the confluence of the Mula ...
who are Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
. They now speak Marathi
Marathi language
Marathi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by the Marathi people of western and central India. It is the official language of the state of Maharashtra. There are over 68 million fluent speakers worldwide. Marathi has the fourth largest number of native speakers in India and is the fifteenth most...
. The Hindu
Hindu
Hindu refers to an identity associated with the philosophical, religious and cultural systems that are indigenous to the Indian subcontinent. As used in the Constitution of India, the word "Hindu" is also attributed to all persons professing any Indian religion...
Kathik have two sub-divisions, the Barade found in Amravati
Amravati
Amravati is a city in the state of Maharashtra, India and the seventh most populous metropolitan area in Maharashtra. It is also the administrative headquarters of the Amravati district...
, Yeotmal, Nagpur
Nagpur
Nāgpur is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune...
, Akola and Buldana, whereas the Marathe are found in Nagpur
Nagpur
Nāgpur is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune...
, Chandrapur, Poona and Marathwada
Marathwada
The name Marathwada identifies one of the five regions in Maharashtra state of India. The region coincides with the Aurangabad Division.-Historical highlights:...
. Both these sub-divisions are endogamous. They usually marry within their own community and preferably in the same sub-division. These two sub-divisions are further divided into clans called kur, which also used as surnames. The main clans are the Barane, Dhoke, Gholpe, Katare, Larokar, Madne, Pardhi and Tumane. Each of these clans are of equal status.
The Khatik are still mainly engaged in the selling mutton, and selling of goats and other livestock. A small minority are now cultivators. With growing urbanization, many Khatik are abandoning their traditional occupation. The Khatik have set a state wide association, the Khatik Samaj Sabha, based in the town of Nagpur
Nagpur
Nāgpur is a city and winter capital of the state of Maharashtra, the largest city in central India and third largest city in Maharashtra after Mumbai and Pune...
. Many Kathik are now doctors, engineers, and police officers. Their customs are similar to neighbouring Marathi
Marathi people
The Marathi people or Maharashtrians are an Indo-Aryan ethnic group, that inhabit the Maharashtra region and state of western India. Their language Marathi is part of the southern group of Indo-Aryan languages...
communities. The community pay special reverence to Ambagade or Karoji Bua, who is a local deity.
The Muslim Khateek in Maharashtra have now petitioned to the Supreme Court of India
Supreme Court of India
The Supreme Court of India is the highest judicial forum and final court of appeal as established by Part V, Chapter IV of the Constitution of India...
for the inclusion of Muslim Dalit, within Scheduled Caste category, a status they have so far been excluded from.
In Madhya Pradesh
In Madhya PradeshMadhya Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh , often called the Heart of India, is a state in central India. Its capital is Bhopal and Indore is the largest city....
, Khatik are the pioneer of the Kshatriya, Rajput ancestry and the etymology of the word Khatik comes from Sanskrit word Khattika, which means to hunt or carry out orders after chanting of the Vedic rituals by Priest in the Yaga Mandapam by Sward, Khadag, (Khat+eek) stroke sacrifice of animal in accordance with the Rig Ved 10th Mandala, Chapter 91 and Yazar Ved Chapters 22,23.
Owing to their dedicated stand taken likewise Maharana Pratap Singh of Mewar and Bundelkhand Kesri Bira Chhatrasal Maharaj to save the Nation, they had moved out from their original places to the forest as much as become below poverty lines Scheduled as Caste instead of Tribe according to their history as much as the Constitution of India after 1950.
Traditional stroke sacrifice of the animal at Hariyali Amavashya is carried out by Vedic rituals as hitherto maintained from early medieval period by Kshatriya, Rajputra - Khatik only. They maintained the old traditional four Gautras system in settlement of marriages within their respective groups. They have been concentrated in the districts of Gwalior, Bhopal, Indore, Sagar, Jabalpur. Traditionally, they are Wholesale Fruit & Vegetable Merchants, Businessmen and Agriculturist etc. A few Khateek run Jhatka meat shops also as opposed to Khateek converted to Islam called Shaikh, who sales halal meat. There are also groups of Soor and Malvi Khateeks in Jabalpur and Indore respectively. most of the khateek in m.p. are suryavanshi khateek , who have 360 gotra mainly chouhan, tomar ,bhojak ,ghanghoria ,kukrele ,tundele , thagele , shejwar , rajore , gujar ,kirar ,sapre , katrolia , chak etc .
Pride of Kshatriya
Kundeshwar Mahadev - the Mahakaal of BundelkhandAccording to ethics, Banpur was the capital of Banasur the king of demons, a great devotee of Lord Siva Mahadev, her daughter Usha Devi was also dedicated devotee of this Shiv Linga of Mahadev in midnight. Usha Devi was married to Anirudha, the grandson of Lord Krishna and son of Pradumna. It is believed, that Shiv Linga has emerged from the Kunda of landlady of the Kshatriya, Rajput, Bagwar clan of early medieval period as evident engraved footnote found below Nandi Mahadev V.S.1201 (1144 A.D.).
Kalika Shakti Peeth
Kalika Shakti Peeth, Kalighat, BhopalKalighat Bhopal, the beautiful Lower Lake
Lower Lake, Bhopal
The Lower Lake or Chhota Talaab is a lake in Bhopal, the capital of Madhya Pradesh state of India. Along with the Upper Lake, it forms the Bhoj Wetland.- History :...
side is the temple of Dakshin Kali, was founded by Shri Shiv Narayan Singh Bagwar with the blessings of Goddess Kali on Shrawan Shukl Ekadashi V.S.2024 - 3rd September, 1968 and Shree Kalika Mandir Dharmarth Nyas, Kalighat, Bhopal was registered on 7th October, 1976. The temple has become a place where the wishes of everyone is fulfilled. All religious communities across the Country are visiting temple and making their life happier by the blessings of Goddess Kali. It has been a center point amongst devotees of Sakti and has emerged as Kalika Shakti Peeth, over a period of time. A religious place of great significance for devotees across all segments, all over the country and abroad, by prolong dedicated services of Shree Shree 1008 Shree Kalikacharya, Shree Kalika Peethadheesh, Anantananda Maharaj Shree Shiv Narayan Singh Bagwar. Traditional stroke sacrifice of the animal at Hariyali Amavashya is carried out by non other than by Rajput, Kshatriya after Vedic rituals of the Priests. The same tradition is maintained at the auspicious occasions of Chandi Yagas, Vijayadushmi etc...
By establishing the holy shrine in a central and predominantly other religious location in Bhopal. He had proved his commitment for furthering Hindu cause. When others would not have dared to do so. It turned out to be one of the most popular religious sites in Bhopal. As an institution, temple has emerged as meeting place for Hindus from as on the state and it rose as centre which increasingly realizes the growing aspirations of Hindus.
• The two Navratri’s are highly regarded among the Indian festivals, they focus on different aspects of Devi and among them is Kali, who is worshiped by people from all backgrounds. In comparison to the other goddess temples in Bhopal, the Kali Temple is one of the largest and most popular places. Daily people visit the temple, to get the glimpse divine image, which is opened to the public only during the days of Navratri. They worship & decorate the goddess and offer sacrificial gifts and prayers
• In the Kali Temple caste no longer act as an endurance in ritual observance, and it has lost its meaning as a discriminating feature, and led to integration & devotees.
• The celebration reaches its zenith on the ninth day. In the evening, the temple is filled with worshipers; disciples come with donation, attend the sacrament and volunteer for private prayers to get rid of their problems.
• The stream of visitors thins out towards midnight. And then, only the selected devotee stay behind to perform the fire sacrifice, which outline the pinnacle of the festival and finally ends the much devoted and anticipated nine day of Navratri celebration.
• Special arrangements are made during the two Gupt Navratri festivals which comes in-between the two navratris
• A number of programmes on various occasions i.e. Gudipadwa, Dushera, Shivratri, Ganesh Utsav, Sri Krishna Janamastami, Holi, Deepavali, Independence Day, Republic Day is regular feature and celebrated at large scale.
• The trust has changed the old belief by providing equal opportunities for woman. This has been initiated by His Holiness Sri Sri Kalika Peethadheesh. The only restriction enforced in all temples is that women are not allowed to perform. Bagware though has reformed this rule for the Kali Temple and allowed couples as participants for the first time in 1997. (Negotiating the Divine 41 – Ursula Rao, 2003).
• Astonishing Efforts were done to enshrine Golden Shikhar Kalash by Sri Kalika Peethadheesh. A historical procession of Kalash Yatra together with the deities of Sri Ganesh, Goddess Parwati, Goddess Durga, Goddess Shitla and Kaalbhairva Bhagwan was carried out through out city of Bhopal headed by Shree Shree Shiv Narayan Singhji Bagwar and Golden five Shikhar Kalash were Pratisthapit on 10th April, 2008. The Temple now consists alongwith Goddess Shree Kalika, Sri Hanumanji, Sri Ganeshji, Goddess Sri Parwati, Sri Shankar Bhagwan, Mahadev Shivlingam, Goddess Sri Durga, Goddess Sri Shitla and Sri Kaalbhairava Bhagwan.
• It is worthwhile to mention here, that the construction of grand Kali Temple was costing of above Rs.1.51 Crore which has been made possible by huge support of devotees.
• Bagwar is the head of this interpretive venture; instead of opposing high caste dominance, they trace their origin to high caste status. By making efforts to (re-) unite the label of society, he suggests a Kshatriya origin. The one and the foremost reason was the basic difference in “Vedic Hinsa - Hinsa Na Bhavati & Ahinsa Parmo Dharma”. He sees it as his mission to lead the caste ‘back to lost glory’, not only by re-uniting it, but also by reforming practices along orthodox ideals of religious and social behavior. A war was started against ‘bad habits’ like drinking, gambling and meat eating. Admonitions for modern education are heard and Brahmanical forms of religiosity supported. This is a classic example of towards Sanskritization or Brahmanization among castes wishing to rise in the local hierarchy. (Negotiating the Divine 41 – Ursula Rao, 2003).
• Bagware has initiated revolutionary steps to prohibit liquor in the entire community affairs, reduce marriage expenses and to end the practice of dowry in spite of opposition from entire social hierarchy.
• A new vision – new mission to impart in the lives for socio-economic upliftment, which was not acceptable to them at that time, owing to long back traditional history. Resultantly, it has been decided to start with Samoohik Vivaha Sammelan of seven brides & grooms on the auspicious occasion of the Akshya Tritya on 6th May, 1981 with Vedic cult at Village Naisamand, Tehsil Berasia. It is pertinent to mention here that the same was inspired to the facts that Raja Janak married her daughter Sita to Shri Ram together with other…daughters to Shri Bharat, Shri Laxman and Shri Shatrughan respectively.
• As an initiative & after its grand success gave a new thought to the world. Later on, this concept of mass marriages became widely accepted by all communities in India; And, it was amongst the first of its kind in the Nation. Subsequently, the second Adarsh Samoohik Vivah Sammelan was arranged on the same occasion of Akshya Tritya 1982 at Berasia, Disstt. Sehore, which was again a grand success.
• A third major festival, and the one that most explicitly is the yearly celebration of mass wedding ceremony. Since 1991, this new tradition has become identified with the Kali Temple in Bhopal. Each one, on the occasion of Akshya Tritya. (April/May), all over Madhya Pradesh are called to sign up their children for the mass marriage service at the Kali Temple in Bhopal. This practice began to reduce costs and to end the practice of dowry. Above all villagers take advantage of it and travel to Bhopal accompanied by their relatives to have their sons and daughters married for nominal fee.
Kshatriya 360 Gautriya Tribes
Kshatriya, Rajput ancestry and the etymology of the word Khateek comes from Sanskrit Khattika, which means hunt and stroke sacrifice of Priest's sponsored animal during Vadic Yagas by none other than Rajput, Kshatriya an immediate action to fulfill the Vedic rituals being “Nitya Karmas”. Another claim the origin of the word Khatik has been derived from the Sanskrit word Khat, which means Khadag and eek an stroke sacrifice of animal sponsored by the Priest's chanting of Vedic rituals in the Yaga Mandapam by Rajput, Kshatriya pronounced as Khatik as much as evident from Rig Vedha 10th Mandal, Chapter-91 and Yazar Vedha Chapters-22,23.Shree 360 Gautriya Kshatriya Samaj, Madhya Pradesh, Bhopal was registered by Thakur Shri Shiv Narayan Singh Bagwar as it's Founder. (Registration No.4699/1976) in 1976. Suryavanshi 360 Gautriya Kshatriya Vanshavali published by Thakur Shayamlal Singh Bhadkaria (Bhadoria) of Gwalior in 1958 has been updated by him after due research of Suryawansh, Chandrawansh and Agniwansh respectively.
Shree 360 Gautriya Kshatriya Clans
Suryawansh:Badgujar: Bodle Chentiwar Gajar Gujar Malakpuria Sikarwar Utgiria
Bais: Bhaale-sultan Kumbhi Pathania Pritishthanpuri Rawat Trilokchandi
Bisen: Bumbwar Bumtela Donwar
Dikshit: Durgwanshi, Hinnwar, Kinwar
Gaharwar:
Abhaipuria Arharwar Bagwar Bhariau Bhattiwal Bira Bundela Chandra Danesra Farshatare Gajmoti Holkar Jarkhera Kapolia Kherodia Kora Kukrolia Kushmaiya Mahune Mohania Padma Parakh Rajpali Rathore Tundele Zondiware
Gahlot:
Adayana Ahadia-Pahadia Arkvansh Badharia Badwar Bansiwal Barsania Bhojak Bhonia Butiwal-Bundiwal Fagodia Gaharwar Gandhila Gora Gorakha Guhil-Gohil Jagmallot Mandia– Madele-Mandawat Nikash Pipda-Pardhi Sikaria-Sikadia Sisodia Tankchhoda Tipan
Kachhawaha:
Atrolia Baibhadrot Banka Bhatia Chaturbhujot Dhandi Dhingarwar Dongra Dundhas Guglia Gugri Jeegarwal Joria Kagjhare Kalchharia Kankare Karchhaiya Katrolia Khandgrot Khitolia Kohwal Kotia–Mankotia-Jasrothia Kubhani Kurie Kushwaha Ladkhani Mahadwadia Manhas-Minhas Naruka Narwaria Pachauri Panchal Piprolia Scindhia–Sendhav-Shinde Sokhar Sople Tajkhani Tanki Thagele-Besar, Bhophora,Keel Toda.
Nikumbh:
Birha Kasrentia Kathariya Kumbhbhal, Raj Kumar Navle Pataria Shrinet
Pawar:
Aud Bajuania Balhar Bamania Bamote Barkhedia Bhilware-Bheli Bhilware-Bhondu Bhilware-Chandpuria Bhilware-Dagaman Bhilware-Guthlia Bhilware-Hatkas Bhilware-Karejhanga Bhilware-Pataphar Bhilware-Rahora Bhojpuria Bhosle Bhupania Bilhatia Dabhade Deedwania Dhunda Dodia Dudhare Erchhaiya Jagra Khairwar Khal-Khokha Khilwad Kukronthe Kulisurve Madanpuria Madere Mahadik Mohite Naratia Nauliawalia Patel Rewadia Rewatwanshi Sankhala-Sanvda Sanwaria Subal Tawade Ujjainia
Raghuwansh:
Bagwar Bhagoria Dahima Devalia Edana Gaikwad Ichhawaku Kakusth Kandul Keral Khatke Khatri Khush Kolav–Korba-Kalar Lichhavi–Lemlora-Longla Neemi Parsolia Rupalia Sarangdev Surveer-Soorwar Udmatia
Rathore:
Bika Chhilwar-Chharcholia Chhindwadia Falke-Filwar Jaithawat Jangaria Jayas Jhabua Kailwarh Kanbhajiya Kannojia Kupawat Ladorva Mahar-Maher Malawalia-Malawat Medwaria Milatwar Pahrole Pakharia Raikwar-Ratwaha Rajore-Rajoria Ratnakar-Ratanbhulia Surwarh
Yadu:
Agrwar Kalal Kararia Pundir
Chandrawansh:
Banaphar–Farejia-Mohabia Chandel Kaushik–Kura
Tanwar:
Bangarwar Bautolia Bantola Tamori Taware
Taur:
Agnpal Ghonghat Indoria Jinwar Nainiwar Taretia Teraiyan
Tomar:
Bandichhore Boriwal Beruari Birwar Ghura Ghute Katiyar Naikya Chauri Naikya Tande
Agniwansh
Chauhan:
Asolia Basuwal-Baswala Hada Aswal-Asiwal Ojania Bachheria-Bachhgoti Baddak Bagdi Bagh Balecha Banipal-Bahuwal Bargaiyan Bhadauria-Bhadkaria Bhople Chachera Chalukya Chandrasenia-Chandosia Chawda Deora Devalia Dilwaria Feemapuria Ghanghoria-Lahar Ghanghoria-Mudia Dandotia Goyalwal Hamiria Jangade Karochia-Karosia Karto Katheriya Kayat Khichi Machhali Fundna Madrecha Maduria Malani Meharwania Mohil Nabbawaria Nadola Narnaulia Nauhani Navale Nirwania-Bagninnotia Pachchisia Parewa Parihar-Parmar Pavia Piretwal Prathavirajia Puravia Sagan Sambharia Sapre Sejwar-Sengarwar Songara Tassera Tilhentia
Pal:
Badaria Baghodia Bilodaria Chansoria Chowaria-Chorasia Deepal Dhangar Dhanpali Gadaria Gatewaria Kaharia Karadia Kotpal Manwaria Palwar
Parihar:
Baghodia Budhkhel Dorana Ghagha Ghorana Ghorchada Inda Kalhan Keshodas Khokhar Kilhan Lullra Machhali Fundna Pratihar-Pauria Rameta Sindhu Sonpal Subrana
Solanki:
Baghel-Baghela Bawar Bemte Bharsuria Jujaharia-Jujhotia Kataria Khechar Panwar Piploda Sangaria Sarakia Sirohi Saira Sondia
(Alphabetically).
In Pakistan
The Khateek are now found mainly in KasurKasur District
Kasur District or Qasur District is one of the districts in the province of Punjab, Pakistan It came into existence on 1 July 1976. Earlier it was part of Lahore District....
and Faisalabad
Faisalabad District
Faisalabad District is one of the districts of Punjab province, Pakistan. According to the 1998 census of Pakistan it had a population of 5,429,547 of which almost 42% were in Faisalabad City....
districts of Punjab
Punjab (Pakistan)
Punjab is the most populous province of Pakistan, with approximately 45% of the country's total population. Forming most of the Punjab region, the province is bordered by Kashmir to the north-east, the Indian states of Punjab and Rajasthan to the east, the Pakistani province of Sindh to the...
. A small number are also found in the cities of Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...
and Quetta
Quetta
is the largest city and the provincial capital of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan. Known as the "Fruit Garden of Pakistan" due to the diversity of its plant and animal wildlife, Quetta is home to the Hazarganji Chiltan National Park, which contains some of the rarest species of wildlife in the...
. They are entirely Muslim
Muslim
A Muslim, also spelled Moslem, is an adherent of Islam, a monotheistic, Abrahamic religion based on the Quran, which Muslims consider the verbatim word of God as revealed to prophet Muhammad. "Muslim" is the Arabic term for "submitter" .Muslims believe that God is one and incomparable...
in Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
, and exclusively Sunni. The community is bilingual, speaking both Urdu
Urdu
Urdu is a register of the Hindustani language that is identified with Muslims in South Asia. It belongs to the Indo-European family. Urdu is the national language and lingua franca of Pakistan. It is also widely spoken in some regions of India, where it is one of the 22 scheduled languages and an...
and Punjabi
Punjabi language
Punjabi is an Indo-Aryan language spoken by inhabitants of the historical Punjab region . For Sikhs, the Punjabi language stands as the official language in which all ceremonies take place. In Pakistan, Punjabi is the most widely spoken language...
. They are strictly endogamous, with very few cases of intermarriage with other communities.
The Khateek community is regarded as the pioneers of tannery work in Kasur
Kasur
Kasur , the capital of Kasur District in Pakistan. Kasur is located adjacent to the border of Ganda Singh Wala between Pakistan and India, and is a tourist attraction because of the daily occurring Flags lowering ceremony...
. The Khateeks, who think of themselves as a kinship group, or biraderi, trace their origins to Jalandhar
Jalandhar
Jalandhar is a city in Jalandhar District in the state of Punjab, India. It is located 144 km northwest of the state capital, Chandigarh...
and other cities of eastern Punjab in India
India
India , officially the Republic of India , is a country in South Asia. It is the seventh-largest country by geographical area, the second-most populous country with over 1.2 billion people, and the most populous democracy in the world...
. Their self-designation is now Shaikh
Shaikhs in South Asia
Sheikh, also rendered as Sheik, Shaykh, Shaikh, Cheikh, Šeih, Šejh, Şeyh and other variants , is a word or honorific term in the Arabic language that literally means "elder." It is commonly used to designate an elder of a tribe, a revered wise man, or an Islamic scholar...
or Punjabi Shaikh
Punjabi Shaikh
Sheikh , is an Arabic word meaning elder of a tribe, lord, Honorable revered old man, or Islamic scholar. In South Asia it is used as an ethnic title generally attributed to Muslim trading families....
, although both Khateek and Shaikh are used inter-changeably. The name Khateek is now used as clan designation of the Punjabi Shaikh caste. It is possible, in principle, for there to be Khateeks who are not Shaikh and vice versa. In practice, however, the two terms are used interchangeably by the people in question, not only in Kasur, but also in other sites such as Korangi
Korangi
Korangi is one of the neighborhoods of Landhi Town in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan.Korangi Town is a town in the eastern parts of Karachi, Pakistan, south of the Malir River...
where tanning work is established. The Khateek of Jalandhar
Jalandhar
Jalandhar is a city in Jalandhar District in the state of Punjab, India. It is located 144 km northwest of the state capital, Chandigarh...
arrived in Pakistan
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
at the time of the partition of India
Partition of India
The Partition of India was the partition of British India on the basis of religious demographics that led to the creation of the sovereign states of the Dominion of Pakistan and the Union of India on 14 and 15...
in 1947. Various groups of families attempted to set up their traditional industry in various towns and cities, including Kasur
Kasur
Kasur , the capital of Kasur District in Pakistan. Kasur is located adjacent to the border of Ganda Singh Wala between Pakistan and India, and is a tourist attraction because of the daily occurring Flags lowering ceremony...
, Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...
, and Quetta
Quetta
is the largest city and the provincial capital of the Balochistan Province of Pakistan. Known as the "Fruit Garden of Pakistan" due to the diversity of its plant and animal wildlife, Quetta is home to the Hazarganji Chiltan National Park, which contains some of the rarest species of wildlife in the...
.
The Khateeks who settled in Kasur
Kasur
Kasur , the capital of Kasur District in Pakistan. Kasur is located adjacent to the border of Ganda Singh Wala between Pakistan and India, and is a tourist attraction because of the daily occurring Flags lowering ceremony...
initially established cottage industries where all family members, including women, participated in the work. The first proper tannery was established by the Khateeks in Kasur in the 1960s. From then on, the tendency has been towards industrialization, with cottage industries being replaced by factories withbigger productive capacities and with the extensive use of non-family labour. The Khateeks themselves have withdrawn their labour and focus on managing their businesses. The large Christian
Christian
A Christian is a person who adheres to Christianity, an Abrahamic, monotheistic religion based on the life and teachings of Jesus of Nazareth as recorded in the Canonical gospels and the letters of the New Testament...
community of Kasur
Kasur
Kasur , the capital of Kasur District in Pakistan. Kasur is located adjacent to the border of Ganda Singh Wala between Pakistan and India, and is a tourist attraction because of the daily occurring Flags lowering ceremony...
and its surroundings, provided the initial core of employees in the industry.
Like other Pakistanis, many Khateeks have emigrated to the United Kingdom
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
, and form a significant part of the community of British Pakistanis, particularly in the city of Glasgow
Glasgow
Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands...
.
Notable people
- Udit RajUdit RajUdit Raj was born in Ramnagar, Uttar Pradesh into a low caste Khatik Hindu family, and studied for BA at Allahabad University. He was selected for the Indian Revenue Service in 1988 and served as the Dy, Commissioner, Joint Commissioner and Addl. Commissioner of Income Tax at New Delhi...
, national president of Indian Justice PartyIndian Justice PartyIndian Justice Party is a political party of India that was established by Dr. Udit Raj.-External links:* *...