Kingdom of Dalmatia
Encyclopedia
The Kingdom of Dalmatia was an administrative division (kingdom) of the Habsburg Monarchy
from 1815 to 1918. Its capital was Zadar
.
that the Habsburg Monarchy
conquered from the French Empire
in 1815. It remained a separate administrative division of the Habsburg Monarchy until 1918 when its territory - except Zadar
, its territory and the island of Lastovo
, annexed to Italy - became part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Kingdom of Yugoslavia
). As a result of the Vidovdan Constitution
(in 1921), the majority of the Kingdom was divided into the Split Oblast and Dubrovnik Oblast, with the Bay of Kotor
being administratively split to the largely Montenegrin Zeta Oblast.
, diocese of Hvar, diocese of Dubrovnik
, diocese of Šibenik and diocese of Split
were bishoprics. At the head of the Orthodox community stood the bishop of Zadar.
The use of Croatian-Slavonic liturgies written in the Glagolitic alphabet, a very ancient privilege of the Roman Catholics in Dalmatia and Croatia, caused much controversy during the first years of the 20th century. There was considerable danger that the Latin liturgies would be altogether superseded by the Glagolitic, especially among the northern islands and in rural communes, where the Slavonic element is all-powerful. In 1904 the Vatican forbade the use of Glagolitic at the festival of SS. Cyril and Methodius, as likely to impair the unity of Catholicism. A few years previously the Slavonic archbishop Rajcevic of Zara, in discussing the "Glagolitic controversy," had denounced the movement as "an innovation introduced by Panslavism to make it easy for the Catholic clergy, after any great revolution in the Balkan States, to break with Latin Rome."
in 1861
, 1864
, 1867
, 1870
, 1876
, 1883
, 1889
, 1895
, 1901
, 1908
.
:
In the 1911 elections, Dalmatia elected the following representatives:
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
from 1815 to 1918. Its capital was Zadar
Zadar
Zadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar county and the wider northern Dalmatian region. Population of the city is 75,082 citizens...
.
History
The Kingdom of Dalmatia was formed from territories of the Illyrian ProvincesIllyrian provinces
The Illyrian Provinces was an autonomous province of the Napoleonic French Empire on the north and east coasts of the Adriatic Sea between 1809 and 1816. Its capital was established at Laybach...
that the Habsburg Monarchy
Habsburg Monarchy
The Habsburg Monarchy covered the territories ruled by the junior Austrian branch of the House of Habsburg , and then by the successor House of Habsburg-Lorraine , between 1526 and 1867/1918. The Imperial capital was Vienna, except from 1583 to 1611, when it was moved to Prague...
conquered from the French Empire
First French Empire
The First French Empire , also known as the Greater French Empire or Napoleonic Empire, was the empire of Napoleon I of France...
in 1815. It remained a separate administrative division of the Habsburg Monarchy until 1918 when its territory - except Zadar
Zadar
Zadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar county and the wider northern Dalmatian region. Population of the city is 75,082 citizens...
, its territory and the island of Lastovo
Lastovo
Lastovo is an island municipality in the Dubrovnik-Neretva County in Croatia. The municipality consists of 46 islands with a total population of 792 people, of which 93% are ethnic Croats, and a land area of approximately . The biggest island in the municipality is also named Lastovo, as is the...
, annexed to Italy - became part of the State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs
The State of Slovenes, Croats and Serbs was a short-lived state formed from the southernmost parts of the Austro-Hungarian monarchy after its dissolution at the end of the World War I by the resident population of Slovenes, Croats, and Serbs...
and the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Kingdom of Yugoslavia
Kingdom of Yugoslavia
The Kingdom of Yugoslavia was a state stretching from the Western Balkans to Central Europe which existed during the often-tumultuous interwar era of 1918–1941...
). As a result of the Vidovdan Constitution
Vidovdan Constitution
The Vidovdan Constitution was the first constitution of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. It was approved by the Constitutional Assembly on June 28, 1921 despite the opposition boycotting the vote. The Constitution is named after the feast of St. Vitus , a Serbian holiday. The Constitution...
(in 1921), the majority of the Kingdom was divided into the Split Oblast and Dubrovnik Oblast, with the Bay of Kotor
Bay of Kotor
The Bay of Kotor in south-western Montenegro is a winding bay on the Adriatic Sea. The bay, sometimes called Europe's southernmost fjord, is in fact a submerged river canyon of the disintegrated Bokelj River which used to run from the high mountain plateaus of Mount Orjen...
being administratively split to the largely Montenegrin Zeta Oblast.
1880
The 1880 Austrian census recorded following ethnic groups in the Kingdom:- 371,565 CroatsCroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
- 78,714 SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in...
- 27,305 Italians
1910
In 1910, population of the kingdom included:- 510,000 CroatsCroatsCroats are a South Slavic ethnic group mostly living in Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and nearby countries. There are around 4 million Croats living inside Croatia and up to 4.5 million throughout the rest of the world. Responding to political, social and economic pressure, many Croats have...
and SerbsSerbsThe Serbs are a South Slavic ethnic group of the Balkans and southern Central Europe. Serbs are located mainly in Serbia, Montenegro and Bosnia and Herzegovina, and form a sizable minority in Croatia, the Republic of Macedonia and Slovenia. Likewise, Serbs are an officially recognized minority in... - 16,000 Italians
Cities
The major cities were (1900):- ZadarZadarZadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar county and the wider northern Dalmatian region. Population of the city is 75,082 citizens...
the capital, with 32,506 inhabitants - SplitSplit (city)Split is a Mediterranean city on the eastern shores of the Adriatic Sea, centered around the ancient Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian and its wide port bay. With a population of 178,192 citizens, and a metropolitan area numbering up to 467,899, Split is by far the largest Dalmatian city and...
(27,198) - ŠibenikŠibenikŠibenik is a historic town in Croatia, with population of 51,553 . It is located in central Dalmatia where the river Krka flows into the Adriatic Sea...
(24,751) - DubrovnikDubrovnikDubrovnik is a Croatian city on the Adriatic Sea coast, positioned at the terminal end of the Isthmus of Dubrovnik. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations on the Adriatic, a seaport and the centre of Dubrovnik-Neretva county. Its total population is 42,641...
(13,174)
Religion
The Roman Catholic archbishop had his seat in Zadar, while the diocese of KotorRoman Catholic Diocese of Kotor
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Kotor is a diocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic Church in the Bay of Kotor area in Montenegro. It is centered in the city of Kotor . It was erected as a diocese in the 10th century....
, diocese of Hvar, diocese of Dubrovnik
Roman Catholic Diocese of Dubrovnik
The Roman Catholic Diocese of Dubrovnik is an ecclesiastical territory or diocese of the Roman Catholic Church in southern Croatia. The diocese is centred in the city of Dubrovnik. It was first erected in 990...
, diocese of Šibenik and diocese of Split
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Split-Makarska
The Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Split-Makarska is an archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Roman Catholic church in Croatia. The diocese was established in 3 century AD and was made archidiocese and metropolitan see in 10 century. Modern diocese was erected in 1828, when the historical archdiocese...
were bishoprics. At the head of the Orthodox community stood the bishop of Zadar.
The use of Croatian-Slavonic liturgies written in the Glagolitic alphabet, a very ancient privilege of the Roman Catholics in Dalmatia and Croatia, caused much controversy during the first years of the 20th century. There was considerable danger that the Latin liturgies would be altogether superseded by the Glagolitic, especially among the northern islands and in rural communes, where the Slavonic element is all-powerful. In 1904 the Vatican forbade the use of Glagolitic at the festival of SS. Cyril and Methodius, as likely to impair the unity of Catholicism. A few years previously the Slavonic archbishop Rajcevic of Zara, in discussing the "Glagolitic controversy," had denounced the movement as "an innovation introduced by Panslavism to make it easy for the Catholic clergy, after any great revolution in the Balkan States, to break with Latin Rome."
Governors
- Franjo Tomašić (1813–1831)
- Wenzeslau Lilienberg Water (1831–1841)
- Ivan August Turszky (1841–1847)
- Matija Rukavina (1847)
- Josip JelačićJosip JelacicCount Josip Jelačić of Bužim was the Ban of Croatia between 23 March 1848 and 19 May 1859...
(1848–1859)
- Lazar Mamula (1859–1865)
- Franjo Filipović (1865–1868)
- Johann Wagner (1868–1869)
- Gottfried Auersperg (1869)
- Julius Fluk von Leidenkron (1869–1870)
- Gabriel RodićGabriel RodicGavrilo or Gabriel Rodić, Freiherr von Rodich, was a Croatian general in the Austrian Empire and later the Austro-Hungarian Empire....
(1870–1881) - Stjepan Jovanović (1882–1885)
- Ludovik Comaro (1885–1886)
- Dragutin Blažeković (1886–1890)
- Emil David (1890–1902)
- Erasmus Handel (1902–1905)
- Nicola Nardelli (1905–1911)
- Mario Attems (1911–1918)
Dalmatian Parliament
The Kingdom of Dalmatia held elections to the Parliament of DalmatiaParliament of Dalmatia
The Diet of Dalmatia was the regional assembly of the Kingdom of Dalmatia within the Austro-Hungarian Empire...
in 1861
Dalmatian parliamentary election, 1861
Parliamentary elections were held in Kingdom of Dalmatia for the newly formed parliament in 1861.-Results:-Autonomist Party:From Zadar* Vittorio Bioni* Cosimo de Begna Possedaria* Vincenzo Duplancich...
, 1864
Dalmatian parliamentary election, 1864
Parliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1864. The Autonomists claimed victory for the second time.-Results:...
, 1867
Dalmatian parliamentary election, 1867
Parliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1867. The Autonomists claimed victory for the third straight time, while the opposition People's Party narrowed the gap. The results were as follows:...
, 1870
Dalmatian parliamentary election, 1870
Parliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1870.-Results:...
, 1876
Dalmatian parliamentary election, 1876
Parliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1876. The People's Party won with a record-largest majority of 30 seats in the 41 seat assembly. During the course of the government's mandate, Serb members of the People's Party formed their own Serb Party.-Results:...
, 1883
Dalmatian parliamentary election, 1883
Parliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1883.-Results:...
, 1889
Dalmatian parliamentary election, 1889
Parliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1889.-Results:...
, 1895
Dalmatian parliamentary election, 1895
Parliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1895.-Results:...
, 1901
Dalmatian parliamentary election, 1901
Parliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1901.-Results:...
, 1908
Dalmatian parliamentary election, 1908
Parliamentary elections were held in the Kingdom of Dalmatia in 1908. They were the last held for the Dalmatian parliament in Zadar, as World War I broke out before the end of the government's mandate in 1915...
.
Reichsrat
In the 1907 elections, Dalmatia elected the following representatives to the ReichsratReichsrat (Austria)
The Imperial Council of Austria from 1867 to 1918 was the parliament of the Cisleithanian part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. It was a bicameral legislature, consisting of the Herrenhaus and the Abgeordnetenhaus...
:
- Croatian Party
- Ante Dulibić
- Vicko Ivčević
- Frane Ivanišević
- Ante Tresić Pavičić
- Ante Vuković
- Juraj Biankini
- Party of Rights
- Ivo Prodan
- Josip Virgil Perić
- Serb Party
- Dušan Baljak
- Miho Bjeladinović
- Independent
- Frane BulićFrane BulicFrane Bulić was a Croatian priest, archeologist, and historian.Bulić was born in Vranjic near Split and studied theology in Zadar and then classical philology and archeology in Vienna...
- Frane Bulić
In the 1911 elections, Dalmatia elected the following representatives:
- Croatian Party
- Vicko Ivčević
- Pero Čingrija
- Ante Tresić Pavičić
- Juraj Biankini
- Party of Rights
- Ivo Prodan
- Ante Dulibić
- Ante Sesardić
- Josip Virgil Perić
- Serb Party
- Dušan Baljak
- Gjuro Vukotić
- Croatian Popular Progressive Party
- Josip Smodlaka
See also
- DalmatiaDalmatiaDalmatia is a historical region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea. It stretches from the island of Rab in the northwest to the Bay of Kotor in the southeast. The hinterland, the Dalmatian Zagora, ranges from fifty kilometers in width in the north to just a few kilometers in the south....
- History of CroatiaHistory of CroatiaCroatia first appeared as a duchy in the 7th century and then as a kingdom in the 10th century. From the 12th century it remained a distinct state with its ruler and parliament, but it obeyed the kings and emperors of various neighboring powers, primarily Hungary and Austria. The period from the...
- History of DalmatiaHistory of DalmatiaThe History of Dalmatia concerns the history of the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea and its inland regions, stretching from the 2nd century BC up to the present....
- Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)Kingdom of Croatia (Habsburg)The Kingdom of Croatia was an administrative division that existed between 1527 and 1868 within the Habsburg Monarchy . The Kingdom was a part of the Lands of the Crown of St. Stephen, but was subject to direct Imperial Austrian rule for significant periods of time, including its final years...
- Kingdom of Hungary (Habsburg)Kingdom of Hungary (1538–1867)The Kingdom of Hungary between 1538 and 1867 was part of the lands of the Habsburg Monarchy, while outside the Holy Roman Empire.After Battle of Mohács, the country was ruled by two crowned kings . They divided the kingdom in 1538...
- Triune Kingdom of Croatia, Slavonia, and Dalmatia
- Timeline of Croatian historyTimeline of Croatian historyThis is a timeline of Croatian history. To read about the background to these events, see History of Croatia. See also the list of rulers of Croatia and years in Croatia.This timeline is incomplete; some important events may be missing...
- Diet of Dalmatia
