Komsomolsk-on-Amur
Encyclopedia
Komsomolsk-on-Amur is a city in Khabarovsk Krai
, Russia
, situated on the left bank of Amur River. It is located on the BAM railway line, 356 kilometres (221 mi) northeast of Khabarovsk
. Population:
The distance to Khabarovsk
—the administrative center of the krai
—is 356 kilometres (221.2 mi); to the Pacific Ocean
—around 300 kilometres (186.4 mi). The nearest other major town is Amursk
, about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south.
Temperatures in the area of the city can range up to 50 °C (122 °F) over the course of the year, with a daily average of -29 °C in January, compared to 26 °C (78.8 °F) in July.
under the Mongol Yuan Dynasty
and later Manchus held until 1858 treaty of Aigun
ceded the area to the Russian Empire
.
The village of Permskoye was established on the later site of Komsomolsk in 1860 by migrant peasants from Perm Krai
.
The government of the Russian SFSR announced in 1931 plans to construct a shipyards on the Amur at the present site of Komsomolsk, with construction beginning in 1932. The town was largely built using volunteer labour from the Communist
youth organization Komsomol
, thus receiving the name Komsomolsk. The suffix on Amur was added to differentiate from other towns with the same name. It was granted town status in 1933.
By the end of the 1930s, the shipyards along with facilities for other heavy industry had been completed. The city developed into a regional centre for industries such as metallurgy
, machinery, oil refining, and shipbuilding
.
Komsomolsk-on-Amur is an important industrial center of Khabarovsk Krai and of the Russian Far East
. It has a diversified economy where machine building, metallurgy and timber enterprises dominate.
The city's most notable company is Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association
, Russia's largest aircraft-manufacturing enterprise. It is among Khabarovsk Krai's
most successful enterprises, and for years has been the largest taxpayer of the territory. It has manufactured hundreds of civil aircraft and thousands of various-role military aircraft from the first recon aircraft to modern Su- series fighters and light amphibian aeroplanes. The company is hugely important to the city's economy, contributing 45% of all payments into the local budget.
Also based in the city is Amur Shipbuilding Plant
, an important producer of ships and submarines.
Two air bases are located near the city, Khurba
to the south and Dzemgi to the north.
The city is an important rail junction, situated at the end of a branch line from Khabarovsk
to the Baikal Amur Mainline.
The city is served by Komsomolsk-on-Amur Airport
, China
. Kamo
, Japan
.
Khabarovsk Krai
Khabarovsk Krai is a federal subject of Russia , located in the Russian Far East. It lies mostly in the basin of the lower Amur River, but also occupies a vast mountainous area along the coastline of the Sea of Okhotsk, an arm of the Pacific Ocean. The administrative center of the krai is the...
, Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
, situated on the left bank of Amur River. It is located on the BAM railway line, 356 kilometres (221 mi) northeast of Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk is the largest city and the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located some from the Chinese border. It is the second largest city in the Russian Far East, after Vladivostok. The city became the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia...
. Population:
Geography and climate
Komsomolsk and its suburbs stretch for over 30 kilometres (18.6 mi) along the left bank of the Amur River. The river at this point is up to 2.5 kilometres (1.6 mi) wide.The distance to Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk is the largest city and the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located some from the Chinese border. It is the second largest city in the Russian Far East, after Vladivostok. The city became the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia...
—the administrative center of the krai
Krai
Krai or kray was a type of an administrative division in the Russian Empire and the Russian SFSR, and is one of the types of the federal subjects of modern Russia ....
—is 356 kilometres (221.2 mi); to the Pacific Ocean
Pacific Ocean
The Pacific Ocean is the largest of the Earth's oceanic divisions. It extends from the Arctic in the north to the Southern Ocean in the south, bounded by Asia and Australia in the west, and the Americas in the east.At 165.2 million square kilometres in area, this largest division of the World...
—around 300 kilometres (186.4 mi). The nearest other major town is Amursk
Amursk
Amursk is a town in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia, located on the left bank of the Amur River some south of Komsomolsk-on-Amur. Population: -History:...
, about 45 kilometres (28 mi) south.
Temperatures in the area of the city can range up to 50 °C (122 °F) over the course of the year, with a daily average of -29 °C in January, compared to 26 °C (78.8 °F) in July.
History
The future site of Komsomolsk was conquered by Mongols in the 13th century, becoming part of Mongol EmpireMongol Empire
The Mongol Empire , initially named as Greater Mongol State was a great empire during the 13th and 14th centuries...
under the Mongol Yuan Dynasty
Yuan Dynasty
The Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
and later Manchus held until 1858 treaty of Aigun
Treaty of Aigun
The Treaty of Aigun was a 1858 treaty between the Russian Empire, and the empire of the Qing Dynasty, the sinicized-Manchu rulers of China, that established much of the modern border between the Russian Far East and Manchuria , which is now known as Northeast China...
ceded the area to the Russian Empire
Russian Empire
The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...
.
The village of Permskoye was established on the later site of Komsomolsk in 1860 by migrant peasants from Perm Krai
Perm Krai
Perm Krai is a federal subject of Russia that came into existence on December 1, 2005 as a result of the 2004 referendum on the merger of Perm Oblast and Komi-Permyak Autonomous Okrug. The city of Perm became the administrative center of the new federal subject...
.
The government of the Russian SFSR announced in 1931 plans to construct a shipyards on the Amur at the present site of Komsomolsk, with construction beginning in 1932. The town was largely built using volunteer labour from the Communist
Communism
Communism is a social, political and economic ideology that aims at the establishment of a classless, moneyless, revolutionary and stateless socialist society structured upon common ownership of the means of production...
youth organization Komsomol
Komsomol
The Communist Union of Youth , usually known as Komsomol , was the youth division of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union. The Komsomol in its earliest form was established in urban centers in 1918. During the early years, it was a Russian organization, known as the Russian Communist Union of...
, thus receiving the name Komsomolsk. The suffix on Amur was added to differentiate from other towns with the same name. It was granted town status in 1933.
By the end of the 1930s, the shipyards along with facilities for other heavy industry had been completed. The city developed into a regional centre for industries such as metallurgy
Metallurgy
Metallurgy is a domain of materials science that studies the physical and chemical behavior of metallic elements, their intermetallic compounds, and their mixtures, which are called alloys. It is also the technology of metals: the way in which science is applied to their practical use...
, machinery, oil refining, and shipbuilding
Shipbuilding
Shipbuilding is the construction of ships and floating vessels. It normally takes place in a specialized facility known as a shipyard. Shipbuilders, also called shipwrights, follow a specialized occupation that traces its roots to before recorded history.Shipbuilding and ship repairs, both...
.
Economy and infrastructure
Russian Far East
Russian Far East is a term that refers to the Russian part of the Far East, i.e., extreme east parts of Russia, between Lake Baikal in Eastern Siberia and the Pacific Ocean...
. It has a diversified economy where machine building, metallurgy and timber enterprises dominate.
The city's most notable company is Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association
Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association
Komsomolsk-on-Amur Aircraft Production Association , based in Komsomolsk-on-Amur in the Russian Far East, is the largest aircraft-manufacturing company in Russia.- Overview :...
, Russia's largest aircraft-manufacturing enterprise. It is among Khabarovsk Krai's
Khabarovsk Krai
Khabarovsk Krai is a federal subject of Russia , located in the Russian Far East. It lies mostly in the basin of the lower Amur River, but also occupies a vast mountainous area along the coastline of the Sea of Okhotsk, an arm of the Pacific Ocean. The administrative center of the krai is the...
most successful enterprises, and for years has been the largest taxpayer of the territory. It has manufactured hundreds of civil aircraft and thousands of various-role military aircraft from the first recon aircraft to modern Su- series fighters and light amphibian aeroplanes. The company is hugely important to the city's economy, contributing 45% of all payments into the local budget.
Also based in the city is Amur Shipbuilding Plant
Amur Shipbuilding Plant
Amur Shipbuilding Plant is an important shipyard in eastern Russia, based in Komsomolsk-on-Amur, and founded in 1932. It employs 15,000 people, and produces both civilian and military ships, including nuclear submarines....
, an important producer of ships and submarines.
Two air bases are located near the city, Khurba
Khurba
Khurba is an air base in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia south of Komsomolsk-na-Amure. This medium-sized base has considerable tarmac space and an extended area of revetments...
to the south and Dzemgi to the north.
The city is an important rail junction, situated at the end of a branch line from Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk
Khabarovsk is the largest city and the administrative center of Khabarovsk Krai, Russia. It is located some from the Chinese border. It is the second largest city in the Russian Far East, after Vladivostok. The city became the administrative center of the Far Eastern Federal District of Russia...
to the Baikal Amur Mainline.
The city is served by Komsomolsk-on-Amur Airport
Komsomolsk-on-Amur Airport
Khurba is an air base in Khabarovsk Krai, Russia south of Komsomolsk-na-Amure. This medium-sized base has considerable tarmac space and an extended area of revetments...
Twin towns/sister cities
Komsomolsk-on-Amur is twinned with the following sister cities: JiamusiJiamusi
Jiamusi is a prefecture-level city in the province of Heilongjiang, in the People's Republic of China. Located on the riverside of the middle and lower reaches of the Songhua River, It faces Russia across the Ussuri River and the Heilongjiang River...
, China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
. Kamo
Kamo, Niigata
is a city located in Niigata, Japan, roughly halfway between the two larger cities of Nagaoka and Niigata.As of 2003, the city has an estimated population of 32,422 and the density of 242.55 persons per km². The total area is 133.67 km². It was founded on March 10, 1954.Kamo is a popular...
, Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...
.