Latin Patriarch of Constantinople
Encyclopedia
The Latin Patriarch of Constantinople was an office established as a result of Crusader
activity in the Near East
. The title should not be confused with that of the (Orthodox) Patriarch of Constantinople
, an office which existed before and after.
Before the East-West Schism
in 1054, the Christian Church within the borders of the ancient Roman Empire
was ruled by five patriarch
s (the "Pentarchy"): the Bishop of Rome (who rarely used the title "Patriarch") and those of Constantinople
, Jerusalem
, Alexandria
, and Antioch
. Potentially counter to this is the Latin Church of North Africa where the Bishop of Carthage held a certain primacy, though he acknowledged the overall primacy of Rome.
In the West the Bishop of Rome was recognized an overall primacy (as a primus inter pares
), while in the East, the Patriarch of Constantinople gradually came to occupy a leading position. As in the East the Pope was considered first among equals. The sees of Rome and Constantinople were often at odds with one another, just as the Greek and Latin Churches as a whole were often at odds both politically and in things ecclesiastical. There were complex cultural currents underlying these difficulties, including the fact that in the West feudal models began to influence the way of viewing relations within the Church. The tensions led in 1054 to a serious rupture between the Greek East and Latin West called the East-West schism
, which while not in many places absolute, still dominates the ecclesiastical landscape.
In 1204, the Fourth Crusade
invaded, seized and sacked
Constantinople, and established the Latin Empire
. This was not the doing of the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, but the popes showed weakness in condoning the acts of the accompanying Latin clergy who set up a Latin Patriarchate subservient in the Western manner to the Pope. By establishing communion with the Latin Patriarchs the Papacy in effect made official their position within the Roman Catholic church. This act was part of a more general picture in which the Crusaders on the one hand established Latin Kingdoms
officially acknowledged by the Roman Catholic church, in the Middle East and in Greece and the Greek Islands, and also in parts of the Balkans. Included were a similar array of Latin episcopal sees. The Latin Empire in Constantinople was eventually defeated and dispossessed by a resurgent Byzantium in 1261, although the Latin Patriarchate persisted as a titular
office with varying vigour, based in Rome at the St. Peter's Basilica
. For a time, like many ecclesiastical offices in the West, it had rival contenders who were supporters or protégés of the rival popes. As to the title Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, this was the case at least from 1378 to 1423. Thereafter the office continued as an honorific title, during the later centuries attributed to a leading clergyman in Rome, until it ceased to be assigned after 1948 and was finally abolished in 1964.
It must be noted that a Vicariate Apostolic of Istanbul (until 1990, Constantinople) has existed from 1742 into the present day.
Contarini was at the Council of Constance
in November 1414.
This title was officially abolished in 1965.
Crusaders
The Crusaders are a New Zealand professional rugby union team based in Christchurch that competes in the Super Rugby competition. They are the most successful team in Super Rugby history with seven titles...
activity in the Near East
Near East
The Near East is a geographical term that covers different countries for geographers, archeologists, and historians, on the one hand, and for political scientists, economists, and journalists, on the other...
. The title should not be confused with that of the (Orthodox) Patriarch of Constantinople
Patriarch of Constantinople
The Ecumenical Patriarch is the Archbishop of Constantinople – New Rome – ranking as primus inter pares in the Eastern Orthodox communion, which is seen by followers as the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church....
, an office which existed before and after.
Before the East-West Schism
East-West Schism
The East–West Schism of 1054, sometimes known as the Great Schism, formally divided the State church of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church, respectively...
in 1054, the Christian Church within the borders of the ancient Roman Empire
Roman Empire
The Roman Empire was the post-Republican period of the ancient Roman civilization, characterised by an autocratic form of government and large territorial holdings in Europe and around the Mediterranean....
was ruled by five patriarch
Patriarch
Originally a patriarch was a man who exercised autocratic authority as a pater familias over an extended family. The system of such rule of families by senior males is called patriarchy. This is a Greek word, a compound of πατριά , "lineage, descent", esp...
s (the "Pentarchy"): the Bishop of Rome (who rarely used the title "Patriarch") and those of Constantinople
Constantinople
Constantinople was the capital of the Roman, Eastern Roman, Byzantine, Latin, and Ottoman Empires. Throughout most of the Middle Ages, Constantinople was Europe's largest and wealthiest city.-Names:...
, Jerusalem
Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem
The Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem is the title possessed by the Latin Rite Catholic Archbishop of Jerusalem. The Archdiocese of Jerusalem has jurisdiction for all Latin Rite Catholics in Israel, the Palestinian Territories, Jordan and Cyprus...
, Alexandria
Latin Patriarch of Alexandria
This is a list of The Latin Patriarchs of Alexandria established in 1215 during the pontificate of Pope Innocent III. This titular office was abolished in 1964. His patriachal seat in Rome was the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls....
, and Antioch
Latin Patriarch of Antioch
The Latin Patriarch of Antioch was an office created in 1098 by Bohemund, founder of the Principality of Antioch, one of the crusader states....
. Potentially counter to this is the Latin Church of North Africa where the Bishop of Carthage held a certain primacy, though he acknowledged the overall primacy of Rome.
In the West the Bishop of Rome was recognized an overall primacy (as a primus inter pares
Primus inter pares
Primus inter pares is Latin phrase describing the most senior person of a group sharing the same rank or office.When not used in reference to a specific title, it may indicate that the person so described is formally equal, but looked upon as an authority of special importance by their peers...
), while in the East, the Patriarch of Constantinople gradually came to occupy a leading position. As in the East the Pope was considered first among equals. The sees of Rome and Constantinople were often at odds with one another, just as the Greek and Latin Churches as a whole were often at odds both politically and in things ecclesiastical. There were complex cultural currents underlying these difficulties, including the fact that in the West feudal models began to influence the way of viewing relations within the Church. The tensions led in 1054 to a serious rupture between the Greek East and Latin West called the East-West schism
East-West Schism
The East–West Schism of 1054, sometimes known as the Great Schism, formally divided the State church of the Roman Empire into Eastern and Western branches, which later became known as the Eastern Orthodox Church and the Roman Catholic Church, respectively...
, which while not in many places absolute, still dominates the ecclesiastical landscape.
In 1204, the Fourth Crusade
Fourth Crusade
The Fourth Crusade was originally intended to conquer Muslim-controlled Jerusalem by means of an invasion through Egypt. Instead, in April 1204, the Crusaders of Western Europe invaded and conquered the Christian city of Constantinople, capital of the Eastern Roman Empire...
invaded, seized and sacked
Siege of Constantinople (1204)
The Siege of Constantinople occurred in 1204; it destroyed parts of the capital of the Byzantine Empire as it was confiscated by Western European and Venetian Crusaders...
Constantinople, and established the Latin Empire
Latin Empire
The Latin Empire or Latin Empire of Constantinople is the name given by historians to the feudal Crusader state founded by the leaders of the Fourth Crusade on lands captured from the Byzantine Empire. It was established after the capture of Constantinople in 1204 and lasted until 1261...
. This was not the doing of the Bishop of Rome, the Pope, but the popes showed weakness in condoning the acts of the accompanying Latin clergy who set up a Latin Patriarchate subservient in the Western manner to the Pope. By establishing communion with the Latin Patriarchs the Papacy in effect made official their position within the Roman Catholic church. This act was part of a more general picture in which the Crusaders on the one hand established Latin Kingdoms
Crusader states
The Crusader states were a number of mostly 12th- and 13th-century feudal states created by Western European crusaders in Asia Minor, Greece and the Holy Land , and during the Northern Crusades in the eastern Baltic area...
officially acknowledged by the Roman Catholic church, in the Middle East and in Greece and the Greek Islands, and also in parts of the Balkans. Included were a similar array of Latin episcopal sees. The Latin Empire in Constantinople was eventually defeated and dispossessed by a resurgent Byzantium in 1261, although the Latin Patriarchate persisted as a titular
Titular see
A titular see in various churches is an episcopal see of a former diocese that no longer functions, sometimes called a "dead diocese". The ordinary or hierarch of such a see may be styled a "titular bishop", "titular metropolitan", or "titular archbishop"....
office with varying vigour, based in Rome at the St. Peter's Basilica
St. Peter's Basilica
The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter , officially known in Italian as ' and commonly known as Saint Peter's Basilica, is a Late Renaissance church located within the Vatican City. Saint Peter's Basilica has the largest interior of any Christian church in the world...
. For a time, like many ecclesiastical offices in the West, it had rival contenders who were supporters or protégés of the rival popes. As to the title Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, this was the case at least from 1378 to 1423. Thereafter the office continued as an honorific title, during the later centuries attributed to a leading clergyman in Rome, until it ceased to be assigned after 1948 and was finally abolished in 1964.
It must be noted that a Vicariate Apostolic of Istanbul (until 1990, Constantinople) has existed from 1742 into the present day.
List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople
- Tommaso MorosiniThomas MorosiniThomas Morosini was the first Latin Patriarch of Constantinople, from 1204 to his death in July 1211. Morosini, then a sub-deacon, was elected patriarch by the Venetians immediately after the sack of Constantinople by the Fourth Crusade and the establishment of the Latin Empire...
(1204–1211) - Fantino Dandolo (1211–1215)
- Gervasio (1215–1219)
- vacant (1219–1221)
- Matteo (1221–1226)
- Jean Halgrin (1226), declined office
- Simone (1227–1233)
- vacant (1233–1234)
- Niccolò Visconti da Castro Arquato (1234–1251)
- vacant (1251–1253)
- Pantaleon Giustiniani (1253–1278); Patriarchate now titular only
- Girolamo Masci, O.F.M. (1278-1288), later Pope Nicholas IV
- Pietro Correr (1288–1302)
- Leonardo Faliero (1302-c. 1305)
- Nicholas of Thebes (c. 1308-c. 1335), later cardinal (1332-1335)
- Gozzio Battaglia (1335–1339) (German Wikipedia article)
- Rolando d'Asti (1339) (died immediately)
- Enrico d'Asti (1339–1345), bishop of Negroponte
- Stephen of Pinu (1346)
- William of Constantinople (1346–1364)
- St. Pierre Thomas (1364–1366)
- Paul of Thebes (1366–1370) it:
- Ugolino Malabranca de Orvieto O.S.A.AugustiniansThe term Augustinians, named after Saint Augustine of Hippo , applies to two separate and unrelated types of Catholic religious orders:...
(1371-c. 1375), bishop of Rimini - Giacomo da Itri (1376–1378), archbishop of Otranto (Italian Wikipedia article)
- Guglielmo da Urbino O.F.MFranciscanMost Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
(1379), bishop of UrbinoRoman Catholic Archdiocese of Urbino-Urbania-Sant'Angelo in VadoThe archdiocese of Urbino-Urbania-Sant'Angelo in Vado is a Roman Catholic ecclesiastical territory in the Marche, central Italy, created in 1986. In that year the historical archdiocese of Urbino was combined with the diocese of Urbania-Sant’Angelo in Vado. In 2000 the archdiocese lost its status... - Paul of Corinth (1379)
- vacant (1379–1390)
- Angelo CorrerPope Gregory XIIPope Gregory XII , born Angelo Correr or Corraro, Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII on 30 November 1406....
(1390–1405), later Pope Gregory XII - Louis of Mitylene (Ludovico? Luiz?) (1406–1408)
- Antonio CorrerPope Gregory XIIPope Gregory XII , born Angelo Correr or Corraro, Pope from 1406 to 1415, succeeded Pope Innocent VII on 30 November 1406....
(1408) - Alfonso of Seville (1408)
- Francesco Lando (1409), patriarch of Grado
- Giovanni Contarini (1409-c. 1412)
Contarini was at the Council of Constance
Council of Constance
The Council of Constance is the 15th ecumenical council recognized by the Roman Catholic Church, held from 1414 to 1418. The council ended the Three-Popes Controversy, by deposing or accepting the resignation of the remaining Papal claimants and electing Pope Martin V.The Council also condemned and...
in November 1414.
- Jean de la RochetailléeJean de La RochetailléeJean de La Rochetaillée was a French churchman, eminent jurist, and Cardinal. His real name was Jean de Fort.He was bishop of Saint-Papoul in 1413, bishop of Geneva in 1418, and bishop of Paris in 1421/2. He became archbishop of Rouen in 1423, but fell out with his chapter...
(1412–1423) - Giovanni Contarini (1424-1430?), restored
- François de Conzié (1430-1432)
- vacant (1432–1438)
- Francesco CondulmerFrancesco CondulmerFrancesco Condulmer was a cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.He was made cardinal on 19 September 1431 by his uncle, Pope Eugenius IV, and accumulated many offices and dignities. He was Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church , administrator of Narbonne and Amiens...
(1438-1453) - Gregorios MammasPatriarch Gregory III of ConstantinoplePatriarch Gregory III, surnamed Mammis or Μammas, was Ecumenical Patriarch during the period 1443-1450. Few things are known about his life and his patriarchate. Not even his surname is certain, with the names Mammis or Mammas being probably mocking appellations...
(1453–1458), formerly Orthodox Patriarch of ConstantinoplePatriarch of ConstantinopleThe Ecumenical Patriarch is the Archbishop of Constantinople – New Rome – ranking as primus inter pares in the Eastern Orthodox communion, which is seen by followers as the One, Holy, Catholic, and Apostolic Church....
Gregorios III Melisenos Estrategopoulos „o Mammas“ 1450. - Isidore of KievIsidore of KievIsidore of Kiev, also known as Isidore of Thessalonica was a Greek Metropolitan of Kiev, cardinal, humanist, and theologian. He was one of the chief Eastern defenders of reunion at the time of the Council of Florence.-Early life:...
(1458–1462) - Basilios Bessarion (Ioannis Bessarion) (1463–1472)
- Pietro RiarioPietro RiarioPietro Riario was an Italian cardinal and Papal diplomat.-Biography:Born in Savona, he was the son of Paolo Riario and Pope Sixtus IVs' sister, Bianca Della Rovere. Sixtus nominated him in 1471 bishop of Treviso and cardinal, and, in 1473, archbishop of Florence. He was entrusted with Sixtus'...
O.F.M. (1472–1474) - Girolamo LandoHieronymus LandusHieronymus Landus was an archbishop of Crete. Although he was not technically a papal nuncio, in 1459 Landus became one of the first papal delegates to Poland...
(1474-c. 1496), Archbishop of Crete - Giovanni Michiel (1497–1503) Bishop of Verona, later Cardinal
- Juan de Borja Lanzol de Romaní, el mayorJuan de Borja Lanzol de Romaní, el mayorJuan de Borja Lanzol de Romaní, el mayor was the first of ten cardinal-nephews elevated by Pope Alexander VI, the cousin of his father, Galcerán de Borja y Moncada....
(1503) - Francisco Lloris y de BorjaFrancisco Lloris y de BorjaFrancisco Galcerán de Lloris y de Borja , , was an unconsecrated cardinal of the Catholic Church, and a member of the Borgia family....
(1503-1506) - Marco CornerMarco CornaroMarco Cornaro , also known as Marco Corner, was the 59th doge of Venice, ruling between 1365 and 1368. His brief reign saw the loss of Venetian territory to Genoa and the Ottoman Empire, though Venice was to enjoy economic growth during this time.-Biography:The Cornaro family to which the future...
(1506-1507) - Tamás BakóczTamás BakóczTamás Bakócz was a Hungarian archbishop, cardinal and statesman.In sources in Croatian, Tamás Bakócz is also referred under the name Toma Bakač....
(1507–1521) - Marco CornerMarco CornaroMarco Cornaro , also known as Marco Corner, was the 59th doge of Venice, ruling between 1365 and 1368. His brief reign saw the loss of Venetian territory to Genoa and the Ottoman Empire, though Venice was to enjoy economic growth during this time.-Biography:The Cornaro family to which the future...
(1521-1524), restored - Egidio di Viterbo (1524-1530)
- Francesco Pesaro (1530-1545) archbishop of ZadarZadarZadar is a city in Croatia on the Adriatic Sea. It is the centre of Zadar county and the wider northern Dalmatian region. Population of the city is 75,082 citizens...
- Marino GrimaniMarino GrimaniMarino Grimani was an Italian Cardinal and papal legate. He was from an aristocratic Venetian family.He was elected bishop of Ceneda in 1508, when he was under age. He was patriarch of Aquileia in 1517....
(1545-1546) - Ranuccio FarneseRanuccio Farnese (Cardinal)Ranuccio Farnese was an Italian prelate, who was Cardinal of Santa Lucia in Messina, Sicily from 1545 to his death in 1565....
(1546-1550) - Fabio Colonna (1550-1554), bishop of AversaAversaAversa is a town and comune in the Province of Caserta in Campania southern Italy, about 15 kilometres north of Naples. It is the centre of an agricultural district, the agro aversano, producing wine and cheese...
- Ranuccio FarneseRanuccio FarneseRanuccio Farnese may refer to:*Ranuccio Farnese il Vecchio , grandfather of Pope Paul III*Ranuccio Farnese , son of Pope Paul III*Ranuccio Farnese , grandson of Pope Paul III...
(1554-1565) restored - Scipione RebibaScipione RebibaScipione Rebiba was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church.He is of particular significance as more than 90% of all living Catholic bishops can trace their episcopal lineage back to him.-Biography:...
(1565-1573) Cardinal bishop of AlbanoAlbanoAlbano may refer to:geography*Albano di Lucania, comune in the province of Potenza, Italy*Albano Laziale, comune in the province of Rome, Italy*Lake Albano, lake in Italy*Albano Sant'Alessandro, comune in the province of Bergamo, Italy... - Prospero Rebiba (1573-1593) bishop of CataniaCataniaCatania is an Italian city on the east coast of Sicily facing the Ionian Sea, between Messina and Syracuse. It is the capital of the homonymous province, and with 298,957 inhabitants it is the second-largest city in Sicily and the tenth in Italy.Catania is known to have a seismic history and...
- Silvio SavelliSilvio SavelliSilvio Savelli was an Italian condottiero. A member of the Savelli family of Rome, he was the brother of Troiano Savelli.After the initial baronal struggles against the Colonna and the Orsini, he was hired by the Republic of Florence, taking part in the war for Pisa in 1503–1505...
(1594–1596) - Ercole Tassoni (1596-1597)
- Bonifazio Bevilacqua AldobrandiniBonifazio Bevilacqua AldobrandiniBonifazio Bevilacqua Aldobrandini was an Italian Cardinal. He was the uncle of Pope Gregory XIV.-Biography:In 1601, Pope Clement VIII associated Count Luigi Bevilacqua and his two brothers, Conte Bonifazio IV and Conte Alfonso II , with his own family granting them use of his family’s...
(1598-1627?) - Bonaventura Secusio a Caltagirone, O.F.M.FranciscanMost Franciscans are members of Roman Catholic religious orders founded by Saint Francis of Assisi. Besides Roman Catholic communities, there are also Old Catholic, Anglican, Lutheran, ecumenical and Non-denominational Franciscan communities....
Obs. (1599-1618) - Ascanio Gesualdo (1618-1638)
- Francesco Maria MacchiavelliFrancesco Maria MacchiavelliFrancesco Maria Macchiavelli was an Italian Catholic cardinal. Born in Florence, he was bishop of Ferrara from 1638 to 1653....
(1640–1641) - Giovanni Giacomo PanciroliGiovanni Giacomo PanciroliGiovanni Giacomo Panciroli was an Italian Catholic Cardinal and Cardinal Secretary of State.Panciroli was born in 1587 in Rome and was educated there, receiving a doctorate utroque iure in 1605....
(1641–1643) - Giovanni Battista Spada (1643-1675?)
- Volumnio Bandinelli (1658-1660), later Cardinal
- Stefano Ugolini (1667-1681)
- Odoardo Cibo (Cybo) (1689-1706?), titular archbishop of SeleuciaSeleuciaSeleucia was the first capital of the Seleucid Empire, and one of the great cities of antiquity standing in Mesopotamia, on the Tigris River.Seleucia may refer to:...
in Isauria - Luigi Pico della Mirandola (1706–1712)
- Andrea Rigio (1716-1717)
- Camillo Cibo (Cybo) (1718–1729)
- Mondillo Orsini C.O.Oratory of Saint Philip NeriThe Oratory of Saint Philip Neri is a congregation of Catholic priests and lay-brothers who live together in a community bound together by no formal vows but only with the bond of charity. They are commonly referred to as Oratorians...
(1729-1751) - Ferdinando Maria de Rossi (1751-1759)
- Filippo Caucci (1760-1771)
- Juan Portugal de la Puebla (1771–1781), later Cardinal
- Francesco Antonio Marucci (1781-1798)
- Benedetto Fenaja, C.M. (1805-1823)
- Giuseppe della Porta Rodiani (1823–1835)
- Giovanni Soglia Ceroni (1835–1839)
- Antonio Maria Traversi (1839–1842)
- Giovanni Giacomo Sinibaldi (1843)
- Fabio Maria AsquiniFabio Maria AsquiniFabio Maria Asquini was a Catholic Cardinal and was Prefect of the Sacred Congregation of Induglences and Sacred Relics and Camerlengo of the Sacred College of Cardinals.-Personal life:...
(1844–1845) - Giovanni Giuseppe Canali (1845-1851)
- Domenico Lucciardi (1851–1860)
- Giuseppe Melchiade Ferlisi (1860–1865)
- Ruggero Luigi Emidio Antici MatteiRuggero Luigi Emidio Antici MatteiRuggero Luigi Emidio Antici Mattei was an Italian Cardinal of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Latin Patriarch of Constantinople from 1866 to 1875, and was elevated to the cardinalate by Pope Pius IX in 1875.Antici Mattei was born in Recanati to Carlo Teodoro Antici, marquis and baron of...
(1866–1878) - Giacomo Gallo (1878–1881)
- vacant (1881–1887)
- Giulio Lenti (1887–1895)
- Giovanni Battista Casali del Drago (1895–1899)
- Alessandro Sanminiatelli ZabarellaAlessandro Sanminiatelli ZabarellaAlessandro Sanminiatelli Zabarella was an Italian Cardinal of the Catholic Church who served as Latin Patriarch of Constantinople from 1889 until 1901, when he was elevated to the cardinalate.-Biography:...
(1899–1901) - Carlo NocellaCarlo NocellaCarlo Nocella was an Italian cardinal. He was Secretary of the Sacred Consistorial Congregation , Latin Patriarch of Antioch , and Latin Patriarch of Constantinople ....
(1901–1903), died 1908, former Latin Patriarch of AntiochLatin Patriarch of AntiochThe Latin Patriarch of Antioch was an office created in 1098 by Bohemund, founder of the Principality of Antioch, one of the crusader states.... - Giuseppe Ceppetelli (1903–1917)
- vacant (1917–1923)
- Michele Zezza di Zapponeta (1923–1927)
- Antonio Anastasio Rossi (1927–1948)
- vacant (1948–1964)
This title was officially abolished in 1965.
See also
- List of Popes
- Latin Patriarch of AlexandriaLatin Patriarch of AlexandriaThis is a list of The Latin Patriarchs of Alexandria established in 1215 during the pontificate of Pope Innocent III. This titular office was abolished in 1964. His patriachal seat in Rome was the Basilica of Saint Paul Outside the Walls....
- Latin Patriarch of AntiochLatin Patriarch of AntiochThe Latin Patriarch of Antioch was an office created in 1098 by Bohemund, founder of the Principality of Antioch, one of the crusader states....
- Latin Patriarch of JerusalemLatin Patriarch of JerusalemThe Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem is the title possessed by the Latin Rite Catholic Archbishop of Jerusalem. The Archdiocese of Jerusalem has jurisdiction for all Latin Rite Catholics in Israel, the Palestinian Territories, Jordan and Cyprus...
Sources
- Giorgio Fedalto, La Chiesa latina in Oriente, Mazziana, Verona, 2nd ed. 1981, e vol.
- List of Latin Patriarchs of Constantinople by Giga-Catholic Information
- Catholic Hierarchy