Ligovo
Encyclopedia
Ligovo is historical area of the federal city of Saint Petersburg
(Russia
). It is located in the southern part of the city on the road leading to Petergof.
The settlement of east Slavs
existed on the territory of modern Ligovo in the 8th-9th centuries CE. During its existence, Ligovo was a court manor, an exemplary farm, a town, and a battleground during World War II
. Presently, it is a suburb of Saint Petersburg, mostly built up with the 1960s buildings, and a part of Uritsk Municipal Okrug in Krasnoselsky District
.
village which is mentioned for the first time in annals named Vodskaja pjatina in 1500.
The name occurs from Liiha small river (from is a dirt, slush), nowadays named Dudergofka river.The settlement is designated on the Swedish maps of 15th century as by Liihala or Liihankulla.
With 8-9 centuries east Slavs
have occupied coast of Neva
and a part of southern coast of gulf of Finland
.
Together with them peacefully lived not numerous local Finno-Ugrian tribes
.
Since 12th century these earths were a part of the large feudal state of the Northwest of Russia — Mister of Great Novgorod
.
Since 15th century Novgorod earths were a part of Russian centralised state
, census
es were periodically made.
In the beginning of a 17th century during expansion against Russia Swedes
have grasped southern coast of gulf of Finland
.
Great Northern War
, victoriously come to the end for Russia in 1721, has returned territories under the power of the Russian crown.
had been based the city of Saint Petersburg and this area became capital suburb.
In 1710s emperor has taken part in destiny of settlement.
First he has disposed create here imperial grange for maintenance of a palace with the foodstuffs in 1712; there was a dairy farm, kitchen gardens.
Secondly it has enjoined to block the river in 1715; the pond mirror was supported by a dam of a mill till 1941 when the dam has been destroyed as a result of military operations.
Simultaneously with barrage of Dudergofka river has been dug the Ligovsky channel.
It has taken away an essential part of water from Dudergofka and the artificial lake became a source of water for Ligovo.
The highest persons periodically stopped subsequently in Ligovo.
Such mentions, as have remained: Anna Ivanovna
on January, 20th, 1737 «a coffee saw on grange».
Elizabeth Petrovna has desired «to have dinner in tents».
To the middle of 18th century at grange there were big expanded orchards and a mill with a dam.
The mill dam was near to the Peterhofskoye shosse and the small river has spread, having formed a pond stretched to a modern line of the railway (approximately 1,7 kilometres).
In 1765, Russian empress Catherine II
has added to Gatchina Grange and the House Kurakinikh, presented to Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov, village Ligovo (and also Kipen, Shchungurovo, Ropsha
); she often visited a manor of the favourite.
After 1783, when Grigory Orlov is dead, earths of Ligovo have been inherited by its pupil (historians abandon to the idea that it was the native daughter of the count or the niece — Alexey Orlov's daughter) to Natalya Alexeyeva.
She was married for aide-de-camp of Orlov Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden
.
The manor began to be called as a manor of Buxhoeveden.
In the 1840s, the manor of Buxhoeveden has passed to count G. G. Kushelev (junior); it has continued useful agricultural activity of count Orlov, and Ligovo became an exemplary agricultural manor.
After Kushelev's death the manor gradually falls into decay.
Has strengthened this process of dissociation the country earths as a result of the reforms of 1861
.
In 1877 in buildings near a mill there was an attempt to arrange sanatorium.
In 1879 the most part of a manor has passed to Kurikov's merchant.
The country-industrial stage of history of settlement has begun, and soon to Ligovo the Baltic railway has been spent.
Local residents sold to summer residents dairy products, berries, fruit, greens. Ligovo abounded with the big variety of summer residences — from own, expensive, enough intricate to the usual cheap country houses which are handed over by owners for summer.
For the account of affinity of Ligovo to Saint Petersburg and convenience of the message with it became more active building of constant summer residences.
Ligovo grew has built up with country quarters territory from the Baltic railway to the Peterhofskoye shosse.
Electric illumination and the water drain have been spent. Summer residences were under construction were various styles — there were towers turrets, verandahs, colour glasses.
Process engineer K. M. Polezhaev and his son, the valid councillor of state B. K. Polezhayev became new heroes of Ligovo. Till now the park, and a pond local hit fur-trees name Polezhaevses.
In the beginning of the 20th century in area was the Lutheranism centre — to ligovsky arrival colonies of Buksgevden and Panovo concerned.
Ligovo gradually developed and by 1917 was a satellite town
.
After the October Revolution
, in 1918 the city has been renamed in Uritsk in honour of revolutionary and politician Moisei Uritsky
.
In 1925, town status was officially granted to it.
The decree of Presidium of the Supreme body of RSFSR
from November, 27th, 1938 forms working settlement Ligovo.
Housing estates of Knyazhevo
, Krasnenkoye, III Internatsionala, settlements are included Dachnoye
, Ulyanka, Novoznamenka, Kirovsky working small town, 3rd zhilgorodok Eksportlesa, Stachek street from border of Kirov District of Leningrad, village Ligovo, factory «PishMash» territory.
participated in Second World War.
Ligovo has entered into territory on which took place fights for Leningrad (Siege of Leningrad
operation).
Since December 1941 till January, 1944 on settlement territory there passed a front line
.
The essential part of the population has been taken out by German armies
to a concentration camp «Dulag 154», the part of inhabitants has been evacuated by the Soviet armies to Leningrad.
All buildings and constructions have been destroyed. At deviation the German armies have put out of commission bridges, automobile and railways road. Besides, the set of objects has been mined. So, for example from station Dachnoye to station Ligovo
sappers have taken and have neutralised minefields in density of 1500 pieces on road kilometre.
After war the city territory has been completely built up. On January, 16th, 1963 Uritsk was a part of a city of Leningrad. It was included into Kirovsky District
, and in April 1973 it was transferred to Krasnoselsky District
. In the 1960s-1970s, all territory of Ligovo has been anew planned and built up by modern many-storeyed houses. Now the territory of Ligovo is a part of Uritsk Municipal Okrug
was the first Russian prima ballerina assoluta
in the world. Was born in Ligovo on .
Russian ballerina of the late 19th and the early 20th century Anna Pavlova was born in Ligovo.
.
Saint Petersburg
Saint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
(Russia
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
). It is located in the southern part of the city on the road leading to Petergof.
The settlement of east Slavs
East Slavs
The East Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking East Slavic languages. Formerly the main population of the medieval state of Kievan Rus, by the seventeenth century they evolved into the Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian peoples.-Sources:...
existed on the territory of modern Ligovo in the 8th-9th centuries CE. During its existence, Ligovo was a court manor, an exemplary farm, a town, and a battleground during World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
. Presently, it is a suburb of Saint Petersburg, mostly built up with the 1960s buildings, and a part of Uritsk Municipal Okrug in Krasnoselsky District
Krasnoselsky District, Saint Petersburg
Krasnoselsky District, Saint Petersburg is an administrative and municipal district , one of the 18 in Saint Petersburg, Russia....
.
History
Liiha is the name of the IzhorianIzhorians
The Izhorians , along with the Votes are an indigenous people of Ingria. Small numbers can still be found in the Western part of Ingria, between the Narva and Neva rivers in northwestern Russia.- History :The history of the Izhorians is bound to the history of Ingria...
village which is mentioned for the first time in annals named Vodskaja pjatina in 1500.
The name occurs from Liiha small river (from is a dirt, slush), nowadays named Dudergofka river.The settlement is designated on the Swedish maps of 15th century as by Liihala or Liihankulla.
East Slavs
The East Slavs are Slavic peoples speaking East Slavic languages. Formerly the main population of the medieval state of Kievan Rus, by the seventeenth century they evolved into the Russian, Ukrainian, and Belarusian peoples.-Sources:...
have occupied coast of Neva
Neva River
The Neva is a river in northwestern Russia flowing from Lake Ladoga through the western part of Leningrad Oblast to the Neva Bay of the Gulf of Finland. Despite its modest length , it is the third largest river in Europe in terms of average discharge .The Neva is the only river flowing from Lake...
and a part of southern coast of gulf of Finland
Gulf of Finland
The Gulf of Finland is the easternmost arm of the Baltic Sea. It extends between Finland and Estonia all the way to Saint Petersburg in Russia, where the river Neva drains into it. Other major cities around the gulf include Helsinki and Tallinn...
.
Together with them peacefully lived not numerous local Finno-Ugrian tribes
Finno-Ugric peoples
The Finno-Ugric peoples are any of several peoples of Europe who speak languages of the proposed Finno-Ugric language family, such as the Finns, Estonians, Mordvins, and Hungarians...
.
Since 12th century these earths were a part of the large feudal state of the Northwest of Russia — Mister of Great Novgorod
Novgorod Republic
The Novgorod Republic was a large medieval Russian state which stretched from the Baltic Sea to the Ural Mountains between the 12th and 15th centuries, centred on the city of Novgorod...
.
Since 15th century Novgorod earths were a part of Russian centralised state
Grand Duchy of Moscow
The Grand Duchy of Moscow or Grand Principality of Moscow, also known in English simply as Muscovy , was a late medieval Rus' principality centered on Moscow, and the predecessor state of the early modern Tsardom of Russia....
, census
Census
A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of a particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses; other common...
es were periodically made.
In the beginning of a 17th century during expansion against Russia Swedes
Swedish Empire
The Swedish Empire refers to the Kingdom of Sweden between 1561 and 1721 . During this time, Sweden was one of the great European powers. In Swedish, the period is called Stormaktstiden, literally meaning "the Great Power Era"...
have grasped southern coast of gulf of Finland
Swedish Ingria
Swedish Ingria was a dominion of the Swedish Empire from 1580 to 1595 and then again from 1617 to 1721, when it was ceded to the Russian Empire in the Treaty of Nystad....
.
Great Northern War
Great Northern War
The Great Northern War was a conflict in which a coalition led by the Tsardom of Russia successfully contested the supremacy of the Swedish Empire in northern Central Europe and Eastern Europe. The initial leaders of the anti-Swedish alliance were Peter I the Great of Russia, Frederick IV of...
, victoriously come to the end for Russia in 1721, has returned territories under the power of the Russian crown.
Grande and Manor of count Orlov, Buxhoeveden, Kushelev
In 1703 Peter IPeter I of Russia
Peter the Great, Peter I or Pyotr Alexeyevich Romanov Dates indicated by the letters "O.S." are Old Style. All other dates in this article are New Style. ruled the Tsardom of Russia and later the Russian Empire from until his death, jointly ruling before 1696 with his half-brother, Ivan V...
had been based the city of Saint Petersburg and this area became capital suburb.
In 1710s emperor has taken part in destiny of settlement.
First he has disposed create here imperial grange for maintenance of a palace with the foodstuffs in 1712; there was a dairy farm, kitchen gardens.
Secondly it has enjoined to block the river in 1715; the pond mirror was supported by a dam of a mill till 1941 when the dam has been destroyed as a result of military operations.
Simultaneously with barrage of Dudergofka river has been dug the Ligovsky channel.
It has taken away an essential part of water from Dudergofka and the artificial lake became a source of water for Ligovo.
The highest persons periodically stopped subsequently in Ligovo.
Such mentions, as have remained: Anna Ivanovna
Anna of Russia
Anna of Russia or Anna Ivanovna reigned as Duchess of Courland from 1711 to 1730 and as Empress of Russia from 1730 to 1740.-Accession to the throne:Anna was the daughter of Ivan V of Russia, as well as the niece of Peter the Great...
on January, 20th, 1737 «a coffee saw on grange».
Elizabeth Petrovna has desired «to have dinner in tents».
To the middle of 18th century at grange there were big expanded orchards and a mill with a dam.
The mill dam was near to the Peterhofskoye shosse and the small river has spread, having formed a pond stretched to a modern line of the railway (approximately 1,7 kilometres).
In 1765, Russian empress Catherine II
Catherine II of Russia
Catherine II, also known as Catherine the Great , Empress of Russia, was born in Stettin, Pomerania, Prussia on as Sophie Friederike Auguste von Anhalt-Zerbst-Dornburg...
has added to Gatchina Grange and the House Kurakinikh, presented to Grigory Grigoryevich Orlov, village Ligovo (and also Kipen, Shchungurovo, Ropsha
Ropsha
Ropsha is a settlement in Leningrad Oblast, Russia, situated about 20 km south of Peterhof and 49 km south-west of central Saint Petersburg, at an elevation of 80 metres to 130 metres above sea level.-History:...
); she often visited a manor of the favourite.
After 1783, when Grigory Orlov is dead, earths of Ligovo have been inherited by its pupil (historians abandon to the idea that it was the native daughter of the count or the niece — Alexey Orlov's daughter) to Natalya Alexeyeva.
She was married for aide-de-camp of Orlov Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden
Friedrich Wilhelm von Buxhoeveden
Friedrich Wilhelm Count von Buxhoevden was a Russian Infantry General and a government official. Buxhoeveden commanded the Russian armies during the Finnish War....
.
The manor began to be called as a manor of Buxhoeveden.
In the 1840s, the manor of Buxhoeveden has passed to count G. G. Kushelev (junior); it has continued useful agricultural activity of count Orlov, and Ligovo became an exemplary agricultural manor.
After Kushelev's death the manor gradually falls into decay.
Has strengthened this process of dissociation the country earths as a result of the reforms of 1861
Emancipation reform of 1861
The Emancipation Reform of 1861 in Russia was the first and most important of liberal reforms effected during the reign of Alexander II of Russia. The reform, together with a related reform in 1861, amounted to the liquidation of serf dependence previously suffered by peasants of the Russian Empire...
.
In 1877 in buildings near a mill there was an attempt to arrange sanatorium.
In 1879 the most part of a manor has passed to Kurikov's merchant.
The country-industrial stage of history of settlement has begun, and soon to Ligovo the Baltic railway has been spent.
Suburb of Petersburg
The settlement became one of known country suburbs of capital.Local residents sold to summer residents dairy products, berries, fruit, greens. Ligovo abounded with the big variety of summer residences — from own, expensive, enough intricate to the usual cheap country houses which are handed over by owners for summer.
For the account of affinity of Ligovo to Saint Petersburg and convenience of the message with it became more active building of constant summer residences.
As soon as the Saint PetersburgSaint PetersburgSaint Petersburg is a city and a federal subject of Russia located on the Neva River at the head of the Gulf of Finland on the Baltic Sea...
streets will be cleared of snow ..., from different directions Saint Petersburg — in spite of neither on a cold, nor on absence of the correct summer message with summer residences — chains of carts with furniture and different House stuff will be pulled in a direction for a city.
Ligovo grew has built up with country quarters territory from the Baltic railway to the Peterhofskoye shosse.
Electric illumination and the water drain have been spent. Summer residences were under construction were various styles — there were towers turrets, verandahs, colour glasses.
Process engineer K. M. Polezhaev and his son, the valid councillor of state B. K. Polezhayev became new heroes of Ligovo. Till now the park, and a pond local hit fur-trees name Polezhaevses.
In the beginning of the 20th century in area was the Lutheranism centre — to ligovsky arrival colonies of Buksgevden and Panovo concerned.
Ligovo gradually developed and by 1917 was a satellite town
Satellite town
A satellite town or satellite city is a concept in urban planning that refers essentially to smaller metropolitan areas which are located somewhat near to, but are mostly independent of, larger metropolitan areas.-Characteristics:...
.
After the October Revolution
October Revolution
The October Revolution , also known as the Great October Socialist Revolution , Red October, the October Uprising or the Bolshevik Revolution, was a political revolution and a part of the Russian Revolution of 1917...
, in 1918 the city has been renamed in Uritsk in honour of revolutionary and politician Moisei Uritsky
Moisei Uritsky
Moisei Solomonovich Uritsky was a Bolshevik revolutionary leader in Russia.He was born in the city of Cherkasy, Kiev Governorate, to a Jewish family. His father, a merchant, died when Moisei was little and his mother raised her son by herself.Moisei studied law at the University of Kiev...
.
In 1925, town status was officially granted to it.
The decree of Presidium of the Supreme body of RSFSR
Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
The Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic , commonly referred to as Soviet Russia, Bolshevik Russia, or simply Russia, was the largest, most populous and economically developed republic in the former Soviet Union....
from November, 27th, 1938 forms working settlement Ligovo.
Housing estates of Knyazhevo
Knyazhevo
Knyazhevo is a village in the municipality of Topolovgrad, in Haskovo Province, in southern Bulgaria....
, Krasnenkoye, III Internatsionala, settlements are included Dachnoye
Dachnoye
Dachnoye was a temporary station on the Kirovsko-Vyborgskaya Line of the Saint Petersburg Metro. It was designed by architect Kseniya Afonskaya and opened on June 1, 1966. The station was created to serve the translation needs of nearby neighborhoods until the Leninisky Prospekt-Prospekt Veteranov...
, Ulyanka, Novoznamenka, Kirovsky working small town, 3rd zhilgorodok Eksportlesa, Stachek street from border of Kirov District of Leningrad, village Ligovo, factory «PishMash» territory.
Ligovo after 1945
In 1941-1945 of the USSR and GermanyGermany
Germany , officially the Federal Republic of Germany , is a federal parliamentary republic in Europe. The country consists of 16 states while the capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate...
participated in Second World War.
Ligovo has entered into territory on which took place fights for Leningrad (Siege of Leningrad
Siege of Leningrad
The Siege of Leningrad, also known as the Leningrad Blockade was a prolonged military operation resulting from the failure of the German Army Group North to capture Leningrad, now known as Saint Petersburg, in the Eastern Front theatre of World War II. It started on 8 September 1941, when the last...
operation).
Since December 1941 till January, 1944 on settlement territory there passed a front line
Front line
A front line is the farthest-most forward position of an armed force's personnel and equipment - generally in respect of maritime or land forces. Forward Line of Own Troops , or Forward Edge of Battle Area are technical terms used by all branches of the armed services...
.
The essential part of the population has been taken out by German armies
Army Group North
Army Group North was a German strategic echelon formation commanding a grouping of Field Armies subordinated to the OKH during World War II. The army group coordinated the operations of attached separate army corps, reserve formations, rear services and logistics.- Formation :The Army Group North...
to a concentration camp «Dulag 154», the part of inhabitants has been evacuated by the Soviet armies to Leningrad.
All buildings and constructions have been destroyed. At deviation the German armies have put out of commission bridges, automobile and railways road. Besides, the set of objects has been mined. So, for example from station Dachnoye to station Ligovo
Ligovo railway station
Ligovo railway station is a railway station located in St. Petersburg, Russia.- History :In 1950s Ligovo has fallen into decay, last fact was process of dissociation of land plots as a result of reforms of 1861....
sappers have taken and have neutralised minefields in density of 1500 pieces on road kilometre.
After war the city territory has been completely built up. On January, 16th, 1963 Uritsk was a part of a city of Leningrad. It was included into Kirovsky District
Kirovsky District, Saint Petersburg
Kirovsky District, Saint Petersburg is an administrative and municipal district , one of the 18 in Saint Petersburg, Russia....
, and in April 1973 it was transferred to Krasnoselsky District
Krasnoselsky District, Saint Petersburg
Krasnoselsky District, Saint Petersburg is an administrative and municipal district , one of the 18 in Saint Petersburg, Russia....
. In the 1960s-1970s, all territory of Ligovo has been anew planned and built up by modern many-storeyed houses. Now the territory of Ligovo is a part of Uritsk Municipal Okrug
Notable natives
Mathilde KschessinskaMathilde Kschessinska
Mathilda-Marie Feliksovna Kschessinskaya She was known in the West as Mathilde Kschessinska or Matilda Kshesinskaya.- Life :Kschessinska was born at Ligovo, near Peterhof. Like all her Polish family, to whom she was known as Matylda Krzesińska, Mathilde performed at the Imperial Mariinsky Theatre...
was the first Russian prima ballerina assoluta
Prima ballerina assoluta
Prima ballerina assoluta is a rank or title given to notable female ballet dancers. To be recognised as a prima ballerina assoluta is a very rare honour, reserved only for the most exceptional soloists, usually those who have achieved international acclaim....
in the world. Was born in Ligovo on .
Russian ballerina of the late 19th and the early 20th century Anna Pavlova was born in Ligovo.
Monuments
Obelisk in memory of defenders of a city near to Ligovsky overpassLigovsky overpass
Ligovsky overpass is crossover, connect of Kirovsky and Krasnoselsky districts of Saint Petersburg through Prospekt Narodnogo Opolcheniya, stage tracks Ligovo-Dachnoye and Dudergofka river....
.