List of Arab scientists and scholars
Encyclopedia
This is a list of scientists and scholars from the Arab World
and Islam
ic Spain (Al-Andalus
) that lived from antiquity
up until the beginning of the modern age, consisting primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages
. In some cases, their exact ancestry is unclear.
Notice:
Was a prominent Muslim polymath: a chemist and alchemist, astronomer and astrologer, engineer, geologist, philosopher, physicist, and pharmacist and physician.
Arab world
The Arab world refers to Arabic-speaking states, territories and populations in North Africa, Western Asia and elsewhere.The standard definition of the Arab world comprises the 22 states and territories of the Arab League stretching from the Atlantic Ocean in the west to the Arabian Sea in the...
and Islam
Islam
Islam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
ic Spain (Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus
Al-Andalus was the Arabic name given to a nation and territorial region also commonly referred to as Moorish Iberia. The name describes parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Muslims , at various times in the period between 711 and 1492, although the territorial boundaries...
) that lived from antiquity
Ancient history
Ancient history is the study of the written past from the beginning of recorded human history to the Early Middle Ages. The span of recorded history is roughly 5,000 years, with Cuneiform script, the oldest discovered form of coherent writing, from the protoliterate period around the 30th century BC...
up until the beginning of the modern age, consisting primarily of scholars during the Middle Ages
Middle Ages
The Middle Ages is a periodization of European history from the 5th century to the 15th century. The Middle Ages follows the fall of the Western Roman Empire in 476 and precedes the Early Modern Era. It is the middle period of a three-period division of Western history: Classic, Medieval and Modern...
. In some cases, their exact ancestry is unclear.
Notice:
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- Both the Arabic and Latin names are given.
- The following Arabic naming articles are not used for indexing:
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- Al - the
- ibn, bin, banu - son of
- abu - father of, the one with
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- When entering new names: to make the list consistent and easy to navigate please try to follow the Entries Format for the List of Arab scientists and scholars.
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A
- Ahmad al-QalqashandiAhmad al-QalqashandiShihab al-Din abu 'l-Abbas Ahmad ben Ali ben Ahmad Abd Allah al-Qalqashandi was a medieval Egyptian writer and mathematician born in a village in the Nile Delta. He is the author of Subh al-a 'sha, a fourteen volume encyclopedia in Arabic, which included a section on cryptology...
(1355 or 1356, Nile Delta, Egypt – 1418) - Abd el-Latif el-Baghdadi (1162, Baghdad, Iraq – 1231) physician, historian and Egyptologist.
- Ahmad Bilal YousafAhmad Bilal YousafAhmad Bilal Yousaf was an Egyptian philosopher, intellect and thinker.He is considered as a leading pathfinder in modern Arabic philosophy. He is known as "The philosopher of authors and author of philosophers" as Abbas el-Akkad called him...
(April 18, 1721 – January 21, 1782) - Alsayed Ali Ahmad AlshaykhAlsayed Ali Ahmad AlshaykhAlsayed Ali Ahmad Alshaykh was born in Alexandria and trained in Al Azhar University as a physician. He traveled around Egypt, the Middle East and Central Europe. These years were crucial to shaping his thoughts. On his return, he began to gather students in Cairo before Napoleon's French invasion...
(1759, Alexandria, Egypt – 1848) - AverroesAverroes' , better known just as Ibn Rushd , and in European literature as Averroes , was a Muslim polymath; a master of Aristotelian philosophy, Islamic philosophy, Islamic theology, Maliki law and jurisprudence, logic, psychology, politics, Arabic music theory, and the sciences of medicine, astronomy,...
- See Ibn Rushd. - Avempace - See Ibn Bajjah.
- Abulcasis - See Al-Zahrawi.
- Ahmad ibn FadlanAhmad ibn FadlanAhmad ibn Fadlān ibn al-Abbās ibn Rāšid ibn Hammād was a 10th century Arab traveler, famous for his account of his travels as a member of an embassy of the Arab Abbasid Caliph of Baghdad to the king of the Volga Bulgars...
(10th century, Baghdad,Iraq) Writer and traveler; member of an embassy of the Caliph of Baghdad to the Volga Bulgars. - Ahmad ibn Majid (1432, Ras al-Khaimah, UAE - 1500,?) navigator and poet.
- Ahmed ibn YusufAhmed ibn YusufAbu Ja'far Ahmad ibn Yusuf ibn Ibrahim ibn Tammam al-Siddiq Al-Baghdadi , known in the West by his Latinized name Hametus, was an Arab mathematician, like his father Yusuf ibn Ibrahim .- Life :...
(835, Baghdad - 912, Egypt) - MathematicianMathematicianA mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
. - Ali Ben IsaAli Ben IsaʿAlī ibn ʿĪsā al-Asṭurlābī was an Afro-Arab astronomer and geographer of the 9th century. He wrote a treatise on the astrolabe and was an opponent of astrology. During the reign of al-Ma'mun, and together with Khālid ibn ʿAbd al‐Malik al‐Marwarrūdhī, he participated in an expedition to the Plain...
(9th century) - Ali ibn RidwanAli ibn RidwanAbu'l Hasan Ali ibn Ridwan Al-Misri was an Egyptian Muslim physician, astrologer and astronomer, born in Giza.He was a commentator on ancient Greek medicine, and in particular on Galen; his commentary on Galen's Ars Parva was translated by Gerardo Cremonese...
(c. 988–c., Giza, Egypt - 1061) Astronomer and geometer with Khalid Ben Abdulmelik. - Al-Asma'iAl-Asma'iAl-Asma'i or Asma`i, Abd al-Malik ibn Quraib al-Asma`i was an Arab scholar of the Basra school of Arabic grammar.He was also a pioneer of Natural Science and Zoology...
(739, Basra, Iraq - 831, Basra, Iraq) pioneer of ZoologyZoologyZoology |zoölogy]]), is the branch of biology that relates to the animal kingdom, including the structure, embryology, evolution, classification, habits, and distribution of all animals, both living and extinct...
, BotanyBotanyBotany, plant science, or plant biology is a branch of biology that involves the scientific study of plant life. Traditionally, botany also included the study of fungi, algae and viruses...
and Animal HusbandryAnimal husbandryAnimal husbandry is the agricultural practice of breeding and raising livestock.- History :Animal husbandry has been practiced for thousands of years, since the first domestication of animals....
. - Abubacer - See Ibn Tufail
B
- Ibn Tahir al-BaghdadiIbn Tahir al-BaghdadiAbu Mansur Abd al-Qahir ibn Tahir ibn Muhammad ibn Abdallah al-Tamimi al-Shaffi al-Baghdadi was an Arabian mathematician from Baghdad who is best known for his treatise al-Takmila fi'l-Hisab. It contains results in number theory, and comments on works by al-Khwarizmi which are now lost.-...
(980, Baghdad, Iraq - 1037, ? ) Arithmetic. - Al-BaqillaniAl-BaqillaniAbu Bakr Muḥammad ibn al-Ṭayyib al-Bāqillānī was an Ashari Islamic scholar and Maliki lawyer, influential in popularising SunniAsharism.Born in Basra c. 950, he spent most of his life in Baghdad, and studied under disciples of al-Ash'ari. He held the office of chief Qadi outside the capital of the...
(?, Basra, Iraq - 1013, Basra, Iraq) Theologian, scholar, and Maliki lawyer. - Al-BattaniAl-BattaniAbū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Jābir ibn Sinān al-Raqqī al-Ḥarrānī al-Ṣābiʾ al-Battānī was a Muslim astronomer, astrologer, and mathematician...
(850, Harran, Turkey - 929, Qasr al-Jiss, Iraq) Astronomer and mathematician.
D
- Ibn DuraidIbn DuraidIbn Duraid ابن دريد الأزدي , Arab poet and philologist, was born at Basra...
(837, Basra, Iraq - 934, Baghdad, Iraq) geographerGeographerA geographer is a scholar whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society.Although geographers are historically known as people who make maps, map making is actually the field of study of cartography, a subset of geography...
, genealogist, poet, and philologist.
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- Haly AbenragelHaly AbenragelAbû l-Hasan 'Alî ibn Abî l-Rijâl was an Arab astrologer of the late 10th and early 11th century, best known for his Kitāb al-bāri' fi ahkām an-nujūm. He was a court astrologer to the Tunisian prince al-Mu'izz ibn Bâdis in the first half of the 11th century...
(Abû l-Hasan 'Alî ibn Abî l-Rijâl) (? - 1037, Kairouan, Tunisia) Astrologer, best known for his Kitāb al-bāri' fi akhām an-nujūm. - Ibn HawqalIbn HawqalMuḥammad Abū’l-Qāsim Ibn Ḥawqal was a 10th century Muslim writer, geographer, and chronicler. His famous work, written in 977, is called Ṣūrat al-’Arḍ ....
(943, Baghdad,Iraq - 969,? ) Writer, geographer, and chronicler. - Alhazen (Abū ʿAlī al-Ḥasan ibn al-Ḥasan ibn al-Haytham) (965 - 1039, Basra, Cairo) - influential scientist who worked in optics, physics, astronomy, mathematics, and philosophy.
- Hassan HanafiHassan HanafiProf. Dr. Hassan Hanafi is a professor and chairs the philosophy department at Cairo University. He is a leading authority on modern Islam.Hanafi was born into an artistic family in Cairo...
(born 1935 in Cairo, Egypt) professor and chair of philosophy at Cairo University. - Al-Hajjāj ibn Yūsuf ibn MatarAl-Hajjaj ibn Yusuf ibn Matar' was an Arab mathematician who first translated Euclid's Elements from Greek into Arabic. His first translation was made for for Yaḥyā ibn Khālid, the Vizier of Caliph Hārūn al‐Rashīd. He made a second, improved, more concise translation for the Caliph al-Maʾmūn...
(786 – 833) Mathematician. - Abū Muhammad al-Hasan al-Hamdānī (893, Yemen - 945, Sanaa, Yemen) Geographer, historian and astronomer.
- Ibn HubalIbn HubalMuhadhdhib al-Dīn Abūʼl-Hasan ʻAlī ibn Ahmad Ibn Hubal known as Ibn Hubal was an Arab physician and scientist born in Baghdad. He was known primarily for his medical compendium titled Kitab al-Mukhtarat fi al-tibb , "The Book of Selections in Medicine." It was written in 1165 in Mosul, north of...
(1122, Baghdad, Iraq - 1213) - physician, scientist and author of a medical compendium.
I
- Ikhwan al-SafaBrethren of PurityThe Brethren of Purity were a secret society of Muslim philosophers in Basra, Iraq, in the 10th century CE....
اخوان الصفا وخلان الوفا (The Brethren of Purity) (BasraBasraBasra is the capital of Basra Governorate, in southern Iraq near Kuwait and Iran. It had an estimated population of two million as of 2009...
, Iraq) - a group of neo-Platonic Arabic philosophers of the 10th century. - Al-Idrisi (1099, Ceuta, Maghreb - 1166 CE, Sicily) geographerGeographerA geographer is a scholar whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society.Although geographers are historically known as people who make maps, map making is actually the field of study of cartography, a subset of geography...
and cartographer - Ibn Abi Ishaq (died AD 735) - the earliest known grammarian of the Arabic languageArabic languageArabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...
.
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- Jabir ibn AflahJabir ibn AflahAbū Muḥammad Jābir ibn Aflaḥ was a Muslim astronomer and mathematician from Seville, who was active in 12th century Andalusia. His work Iṣlāḥ al-Majisṭi influenced Islamic, Jewish and Christian astronomers....
(1100, Seville, Spain - 1160, ? ) - influential astronomer and mathematician. - Jābir ibn Hayyān (born c. 721 in Tous, IranTous, IranTus also spelled as Tous, Toos or Tūs, is an ancient city in the Iranian province of Razavi Khorasan. To the ancient Greeks, it was known as Susia...
- Died c. 815 in Kufa) Disputed: possible of Persian descent.
Was a prominent Muslim polymath: a chemist and alchemist, astronomer and astrologer, engineer, geologist, philosopher, physicist, and pharmacist and physician.
- Al-JayyaniAl-JayyaniAbū ʿAbd Allāh Muḥammad ibn Muʿādh al-Jayyānī was a mathematician, Islamic scholar, and Qadi from Al-Andalus...
(989, Cordoba, Spain - 1079, Jaen, Spain)- mathematician and author. - Al-JazariAl-JazariAbū al-'Iz Ibn Ismā'īl ibn al-Razāz al-Jazarī was a Muslim polymath: a scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, craftsman, artist, mathematician and astronomer from Al-Jazira, Mesopotamia, who lived during the Islamic Golden Age...
(ca. 1200, Al-Jazira, Iraq/Syria - ?,?) a Muslim polymath - a scholar, inventor, mechanical engineer, and author. - Ibn Al-JazzarIbn Al-JazzarAhmed Ben Jaafar Ben Brahim Ibn Al Jazzar Al-Qayrawani , was an influential 10th-century Muslim physician who became famous for his writings on Islamic medicine. He was born in Qayrawan in modern-day Tunisia...
(10th century, Qairwan, Tunis) - influential 10th century physician and author. - Ibn JubayrIbn JubayrIbn Jubayr was a geographer, traveler and poet from al-Andalus.-Early life:Born in Valencia in Spain, then the seat of an independent emirate. Ibn Jubayr was descendant of a tribe of Andalusian origins, Jubayr was the son of a civil servant...
(1145,Valencia.Spain -1217,Egypt) Geographer, traveller, and poet. Known for his detailed travel journals.
- Al-JahizAl-JahizAl-Jāḥiẓ was an Arabic prose writer and author of works of literature, Mu'tazili theology, and politico-religious polemics.In biology, Al-Jahiz introduced the concept of food chains and also proposed a scheme of animal evolution that entailed...
(776, Basra, Iraq - 869, Basra, Iraq) - historianHistorianA historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...
, biologistBiologyBiology is a natural science concerned with the study of life and living organisms, including their structure, function, growth, origin, evolution, distribution, and taxonomy. Biology is a vast subject containing many subdivisions, topics, and disciplines...
, and author. - Al-Jawhari, Abu Alabbas (ca. 800-860) mathematicianMathematicianA mathematician is a person whose primary area of study is the field of mathematics. Mathematicians are concerned with quantity, structure, space, and change....
.
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- Al-KhaliliAl-Khalili' was an astronomer of Syria who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use.Shams al-Din Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Muhammad al-Khalili worked in Damascus, Syria at the Umayyad Mosque as a religious timekeeper for the majority of his life. Other than al-Khalili’s occupation, little is known...
( 1320, Damascus, Syria - 1380, Damascus, Syria) Was an astronomer who compiled extensive tables for astronomical use. - Khalil ibn AhmadKhalil ibn AhmadAbu ‘Abd ar-Rahmān al-Khalīl ibn Ahmad al-Farāhīdī , more commonly known as al-Farahidi, was a philologist from southern Arabia . His best known contributions are Kitab al-'Ayn , the current standard for Harakat , and the invention al-'arud . He moved to Basra, Iraq, he was Ibadi...
(c. 718, Oman – c. 791) Writer and philologistPhilologyPhilology is the study of language in written historical sources; it is a combination of literary studies, history and linguistics.Classical philology is the philology of Greek and Classical Latin...
, compiled the first dictionary of the Arabic languageArabic languageArabic is a name applied to the descendants of the Classical Arabic language of the 6th century AD, used most prominently in the Quran, the Islamic Holy Book...
, the Kitab al-Ayn. - Al-KindiAl-Kindi' , known as "the Philosopher of the Arabs", was a Muslim Arab philosopher, mathematician, physician, and musician. Al-Kindi was the first of the Muslim peripatetic philosophers, and is unanimously hailed as the "father of Islamic or Arabic philosophy" for his synthesis, adaptation and promotion...
(c. 801, Kufa, Iraq – 873, Bahgdad, Iraq) Arab philosopherEarly Islamic philosophyEarly Islamic philosophy or classical Islamic philosophy is a period of intense philosophical development beginning in the 2nd century AH of the Islamic calendar and lasting until the 6th century AH...
, mathematicianIslamic mathematicsIn the history of mathematics, mathematics in medieval Islam, often termed Islamic mathematics or Arabic mathematics, covers the body of mathematics preserved and developed under the Islamic civilization between circa 622 and 1600...
, astronomerIslamic astronomyIslamic astronomy or Arabic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age , and mostly written in the Arabic language. These developments mostly took place in the Middle East, Central Asia, Al-Andalus, and North Africa, and...
, physicianIslamic medicineIn the history of medicine, Islamic medicine, Arabic medicine or Arabian medicine refers to medicine developed in the Islamic Golden Age, and written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization....
and geographerIslamic geographyGeography and cartography in medieval Islam refers to the advancement of geography, cartography and the earth sciences in the medieval Islamic civilization....
. - Ibn KhaldunIbn KhaldunIbn Khaldūn or Ibn Khaldoun was an Arab Tunisian historiographer and historian who is often viewed as one of the forerunners of modern historiography, sociology and economics...
(May 27, 1332, Tunis - March 19, 1406, Cairo, Egypt)
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- Mostafa El-SayedMostafa El-SayedMostafa A. El-Sayed is an Egyptian-American chemical physicist, a leading nanoscience researcher, a member of the National Academy of Sciences and a US National Medal of Science laureate. He is also known for the spectroscopy rule named after him, the El-Sayed rule.- Academic career :He earned...
. - Al-MasudiAl-MasudiAbu al-Hasan Ali ibn al-Husayn ibn Ali al-Mas'udi , was an Arab historian and geographer, known as the "Herodotus of the Arabs." Al-Masudi was one of the first to combine history and scientific geography in a large-scale work, Muruj adh-dhahab...
( ?, Baghdad, Iraq - 957, Cairo, Egypt) Was a historian, geographer and philosopher. Born in BaghdadBaghdadBaghdad is the capital of Iraq, as well as the coterminous Baghdad Governorate. The population of Baghdad in 2011 is approximately 7,216,040...
, he traveled to Spain, Russia, India, Sri LankaSri LankaSri Lanka, officially the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka is a country off the southern coast of the Indian subcontinent. Known until 1972 as Ceylon , Sri Lanka is an island surrounded by the Indian Ocean, the Gulf of Mannar and the Palk Strait, and lies in the vicinity of India and the...
and China and spent his last years in SyriaSyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
and EgyptEgyptEgypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...
. - Maslamah Ibn Ahmad al-MajritiMaslamah Ibn Ahmad al-MajritiMaslama al-Majriti or Abu al-Qasim al-Qurtubi al-Majriti was a Muslim astronomer, chemist, mathematician, economist and Scholar in Islamic Spain...
,(d. 1008 or 1007 CE), was an Arab Muslim scholar and astronomerAstronomerAn astronomer is a scientist who studies celestial bodies such as planets, stars and galaxies.Historically, astronomy was more concerned with the classification and description of phenomena in the sky, while astrophysics attempted to explain these phenomena and the differences between them using...
in Spain. - Al-Ma'arriAl-Ma'arriAbul ʿAla Al-Maʿarri was a blind Arab philosopher, poet and writer....
(December 26, 973 - May 10 or May 21, 1057, Ma'arra (المعرة) in SyriaSyriaSyria , officially the Syrian Arab Republic , is a country in Western Asia, bordering Lebanon and the Mediterranean Sea to the West, Turkey to the north, Iraq to the east, Jordan to the south, and Israel to the southwest....
) was a blind Arab philosopher poet and writer.
- Al-MawardiAl-MawardiAbu al-Hasan Ali Ibn Muhammad Ibn Habib al-Mawardi , known in Latin as Alboacen , was an Arab Muslim jurist of the Shafi'i school most remembered for his works on religion, government, the caliphate, and public and constitutional law during a time of political turmoil...
Known in LatinLatinLatin is an Italic language originally spoken in Latium and Ancient Rome. It, along with most European languages, is a descendant of the ancient Proto-Indo-European language. Although it is considered a dead language, a number of scholars and members of the Christian clergy speak it fluently, and...
as Alboacen (972, Basra, Iraq - 1058, Iraq) Was a judge, diplomat, and author of influential works on governance and ethics. - Ma YizeMa YizeMa Yize was an important Arab-Chinese Islamic astronomer and astrologist who worked as the chief official of the astronomical observatory for the Song dynasty....
(ca. 910, ? - 1005, China)
- An important astronomer and astrologist who worked as the chief official of the astronomical observatory of the Song dynastySong DynastyThe Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
.- Muhammad Al-MuqaddasiAl-MuqaddasiMuhammad ibn Ahmad Shams al-Din Al-Muqaddasi , also transliterated as Al-Maqdisi and el-Mukaddasi, was a medieval Arab geographer, author of Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim .-Biography:Al-Muqaddasi, "the Hierosolomite" was born in Jerusalem in 946 AD...
(946 CE, Jerusalem, Palestine - ?)
- Muhammad Al-Muqaddasi
- Notable medieval ArabArabArab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...
geographerGeographerA geographer is a scholar whose area of study is geography, the study of Earth's natural environment and human society.Although geographers are historically known as people who make maps, map making is actually the field of study of cartography, a subset of geography...
, author of Ahsan at-Taqasim fi Ma`rifat il-Aqalim (The Best Divisions for Knowledge of the Regions)
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- Ibn al-Nafis (1213, Damascus, Syria - 1288, Cairo, Egypt)
- An physicianIslamic medicineIn the history of medicine, Islamic medicine, Arabic medicine or Arabian medicine refers to medicine developed in the Islamic Golden Age, and written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization....
and author who was the first to describe pulmonary circulationPulmonary circulationPulmonary circulation is the half portion of the cardiovascular system which carries Oxygen-depleted Blood away from the heart, to the Lungs, and returns oxygenated blood back to the heart. Encyclopedic description and discovery of the pulmonary circulation is widely attributed to Doctor Ibn...
, compiled a medical encyclopedia, and wrote numerous works on other subjects.- Nur ad-Din al-Betrugi (Alpetragius) (?, Morocco - 1204, Seville, Spain) He was an Arab astronomerIslamic astronomyIslamic astronomy or Arabic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age , and mostly written in the Arabic language. These developments mostly took place in the Middle East, Central Asia, Al-Andalus, and North Africa, and...
and philosopherIslamic philosophyIslamic philosophy is a branch of Islamic studies. It is the continuous search for Hekma in the light of Islamic view of life, universe, ethics, society, and so on...
of the Middle Ages. Born in present-day MoroccoMoroccoMorocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...
, he settled in SevilleSevilleSeville is the artistic, historic, cultural, and financial capital of southern Spain. It is the capital of the autonomous community of Andalusia and of the province of Seville. It is situated on the plain of the River Guadalquivir, with an average elevation of above sea level...
, in Al-AndalusAl-AndalusAl-Andalus was the Arabic name given to a nation and territorial region also commonly referred to as Moorish Iberia. The name describes parts of the Iberian Peninsula and Septimania governed by Muslims , at various times in the period between 711 and 1492, although the territorial boundaries...
. The Alpetragius crater on the Moon is named after him.
- Nur ad-Din al-Betrugi (Alpetragius) (?, Morocco - 1204, Seville, Spain) He was an Arab astronomer
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- Sameera MoussaSameera MoussaSameera Moussa was an Egyptian nuclear scientist who held a doctorate in atomic radiation and worked to make the medical use of nuclear technology affordable to all...
March 3, 1917-August 5, 1952. - Ibn al-ShatirIbn al-ShatirAla Al-Din Abu'l-Hasan Ali Ibn Ibrahim Ibn al-Shatir was an Arab Muslim astronomer, mathematician, engineer and inventor who worked as muwaqqit at the Umayyad Mosque in Damascus, Syria.-Astronomy:...
(1304,Damascus - 1375, Syria, Damascus), Was an Arab Muslim astronomer, mathematician, engineer and inventor who worked at the Umayyad MosqueUmayyad MosqueThe Umayyad Mosque, also known as the Great Mosque of Damascus or formerly the Basilica of Saint John the Baptist , is located in the old city of Damascus, is one of the largest and oldest mosques in the world...
in Damascus, Syria who developed an original astronomical model.
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- Ibn Al-ThahabiIbn Al-ThahabiAbu Mohammed Abdellah Ibn Mohammed Al-Azdi , known also as Ibn Al-Thahabi, was an Arab physician, famous for writing the first known alphabetical encyclopedia of medicine.-Biography:...
(?, Suhar, Oman - 1033 CE, Valencia, Spain), Was a physicianPhysicianA physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
, and author of an encyclopedia of medicine.
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- Al-Uqlidisi (920, Damascus, Syria - 980, Damascus, Syria)
- Wrote two works on arithmetic. He may have anticipated the invention of decimals.
- Usamah ibn MunqidhUsamah ibn MunqidhMajd ad-Dīn Usāma ibn Murshid ibn ʿAlī ibn Munqidh al-Kināni was a medieval Muslim poet, author, faris , and diplomat from the Banu Munqidh dynasty of Shaizar in northern Syria...
(1095–1188, Damascus, Syria), an Arab historian, politician, and diplomat - Ibn Abi Usaibia (1203–1270, DamascusDamascusDamascus , commonly known in Syria as Al Sham , and as the City of Jasmine , is the capital and the second largest city of Syria after Aleppo, both are part of the country's 14 governorates. In addition to being one of the oldest continuously inhabited cities in the world, Damascus is a major...
, Syria), an Arab physicianPhysicianA physician is a health care provider who practices the profession of medicine, which is concerned with promoting, maintaining or restoring human health through the study, diagnosis, and treatment of disease, injury and other physical and mental impairments...
and HistorianHistorianA historian is a person who studies and writes about the past and is regarded as an authority on it. Historians are concerned with the continuous, methodical narrative and research of past events as relating to the human race; as well as the study of all history in time. If the individual is...
. He wrote Uyun al-Anba fi Tabaqat al-Atibba or Lives of the Physicians. - Al-Umawi (1400, Spain - 1489, Damascus, Syria) Mathematician who wrote works on mensuration and arithmetic.
- Usamah ibn Munqidh
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- Waddah al-YamanWaddah al-YamanWaddah al-Yaman , born Abdul Rahman bin Isma’il al-Khawlani , was an Arab poet.-Biography:...
(Yemen,? - Syria,Damscus,709)
- He was an Arabic poet, famous for his erotic and romantic poems.
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- Yusuf al-MutaminYusuf al-MutaminYusuf ibn Ahmad al-Mu'taman ibn Hud was an Arab mathematician and a member of the Banu Hud family, al-Mutamin ruled Zaragoza from 1082 to 1085. He was the son of the previous ruler, Ahmad ibn Sulayman al-Muqtadir...
,was a mathematician He wrote Kitab al-Istikmal (Book of Perfection) in mathematics.
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- Al-Zahrawi (936, Cordoba, Spain - 1013, Cordoba, Spain) Was Islam's greatest medieval surgeonSurgeonIn medicine, a surgeon is a specialist in surgery. Surgery is a broad category of invasive medical treatment that involves the cutting of a body, whether human or animal, for a specific reason such as the removal of diseased tissue or to repair a tear or breakage...
, whose comprehensive medical texts, combining Middle-Eastern, Indian and Greco-Roman classical teachings, shaped European surgical procedures until the RenaissanceRenaissanceThe Renaissance was a cultural movement that spanned roughly the 14th to the 17th century, beginning in Italy in the Late Middle Ages and later spreading to the rest of Europe. The term is also used more loosely to refer to the historical era, but since the changes of the Renaissance were not...
. He is considered the "father Of surgerySurgerySurgery is an ancient medical specialty that uses operative manual and instrumental techniques on a patient to investigate and/or treat a pathological condition such as disease or injury, or to help improve bodily function or appearance.An act of performing surgery may be called a surgical...
". His greatest contribution to history is Al-TasrifAl-TasrifThe Kitab al-Tasrif was an Arabic encyclopedia on medicine and surgery, written near the year 1000 by Abu al-Qasim al-Zahrawi...
, a thirty-volume collection of medical practiceIslamic medicineIn the history of medicine, Islamic medicine, Arabic medicine or Arabian medicine refers to medicine developed in the Islamic Golden Age, and written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization....
.
- Al-Zarqali (1028,Spain - 1087,? CE) mathematicianIslamic mathematicsIn the history of mathematics, mathematics in medieval Islam, often termed Islamic mathematics or Arabic mathematics, covers the body of mathematics preserved and developed under the Islamic civilization between circa 622 and 1600...
, influential astronomerIslamic astronomyIslamic astronomy or Arabic astronomy comprises the astronomical developments made in the Islamic world, particularly during the Islamic Golden Age , and mostly written in the Arabic language. These developments mostly took place in the Middle East, Central Asia, Al-Andalus, and North Africa, and...
, and instrument maker. He also contributed to the famous Tables of ToledoTables of ToledoThe Toledan Tables, or Tables of Toledo, were astronomical tables which were used to predict the movements of the Sun, Moon and planets relative to the fixed stars...
.
- Ibn ZuhrIbn ZuhrAbū Merwān ’Abdal-Malik ibn Zuhr was a Muslim physician, surgeon and teacher in Al-Andalus.He was born at Seville...
(1091, Seville, Spain - 1161, Seville, Spain), A prominent physicianIslamic medicineIn the history of medicine, Islamic medicine, Arabic medicine or Arabian medicine refers to medicine developed in the Islamic Golden Age, and written in Arabic, the lingua franca of Islamic civilization....
of the Medieval Islamic period.
See also
- Islamic scienceIslamic scienceScience in the medieval Islamic world, also known as Islamic science or Arabic science, is the science developed and practised in the Islamic world during the Islamic Golden Age . During this time, Indian, Iranian and especially Greek knowledge was translated into Arabic...
- List of Muslim scientists
- List of Iranian scientists and scholars
- List of famous Arabs