List of Chinese consorts
Encyclopedia
Empress Consorts
The title of Empress could also be given posthumously. The posthumous Empresses are listed separately by the year they were given the title.Zhou DynastyZhou DynastyThe Zhou Dynasty was a Chinese dynasty that followed the Shang Dynasty and preceded the Qin Dynasty. Although the Zhou Dynasty lasted longer than any other dynasty in Chinese history, the actual political and military control of China by the Ji family lasted only until 771 BC, a period known as...
- 1099 BC – 1050 BC : TaisiTaisiTaisi was the wife of King Wen of Zhou and is revered as a highly respected woman of ancient China. She was a descendant of Yu the Great - founder of the Xia Dynasty - and was the mother of ten sons, including the famed King Wu of Zhou - founder of the Zhou Dynasty - and his younger brother Duke...
, consort to King Wen of ZhouKing Wen of ZhouKing Wen of Zhou family name : Ji , Clan name : Zhou Personal name: Chang, known as Zhou Chang or Xibo Chang was the founder of the Zhou Dynasty and the first epic hero of Chinese history.... - 1046–1043 BC : Queen Yi Jiang, consort of King Wu of ZhouKing Wu of ZhouKing Wu of Zhōu or King Wu of Chou was the first sovereign, or ruler of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. The dates of his reign are 1046-1043 BCE or 1049/45-1043. Various sources quoted that he died at the age of 93, 54 or 43. He was considered a just and able leader. Zhou Gong Dan was one of his...
- 827–782 BC : Queen Qiang, consort of King Xuan of ZhouKing Xuan of ZhouKing Xuan of Zhou was the eleventh sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty. Estimated dates of his reign are 827-782 BC or 827/25-782 BC.He worked to restore royal authority after the Gong He interregnum. He fought the 'Western Barbarians' and another group on the Huai River to the southeast. In...
- 782–772 BC : Queen Shen, consort of King You of ZhouKing You of ZhouKing You of Zhou was the twelfth sovereign of the Chinese Zhou Dynasty and the last of Western Zhou Dynasty. He reigned from 781 to 771 BCE.In 780 BCE, a major earthquake hit Guanzhong...
Western Han Dynasty
- 202–195 BC : Empress Lü ZhiEmpress Lü ZhiEmpress Lü Zhi , commonly known as Empress Dowager Lü or formally as Empress Gao , courtesy name Exu , was the wife and empress of Emperor Gaozu of Han, founder of the Han Dynasty. They had two known children—the eventual Emperor Hui and Princess Luyuan...
- 192–188 BC : Empress Zhang YanEmpress Zhang YanZhang Yan , known formally as Empress Xiaohui was an empress during the Han Dynasty. She was the daughter of Princess Luyuan and her husband Zhang Ao , the Prince of Zhao and later Marquess of Xuanping.In 192 BC, at the insistence of then-Empress Dowager Lü, Lady Yan...
- 180 BC : Empress Lü (Houshao)Empress Lü (Houshao)Empress Lü was an empress during Han Dynasty.Lady Lü was the daughter of Lü Chan , the grandnephew of the powerful Grand Empress Dowager Lü Zhi, who was the true power at the time even though her grandson Emperor Houshao was the titular emperor...
- 179–157 BC : Empress Dou (Wen)Empress Dou (Wen)Empress Dou , formally Empress Xiaowen , was a Chinese empress during the Han Dynasty who greatly influenced the reigns of her husband Emperor Wen and her son Emperor Jing with her adherence of Taoist philosophy...
- 157–151 BC : Empress Bo (Jing)Empress Bo (Jing)Empress Bo was an empress during the Han Dynasty. She was the first wife of Emperor Jing.Empress Bo was from the same clan as Empress Dowager Bo, who married her to her grandson, then-Crown Prince Qi during the reign of her son, Emperor Wen. She carried the title of crown princess during the...
- 150–141 BC : Empress Wang ZhiEmpress Wang ZhiEmpress Wang Zhi , formally Empress Xiaojing , was an empress during the Han Dynasty. She was the second wife of Emperor Jing and the mother of Emperor Wu.- Family background and first marriage :...
- 140–130 BC : Empress Chen JiaoEmpress Chen JiaoEmpress Chen Jiao was an empress during Han Dynasty. She was the first wife of Emperor Wu of Han, but was deposed in 130 BC. Her father was Chen Wu , the Marquess of Tangyi. Her mother was Emperor Wu's aunt Princess Liu Piao , making her and her husband cousins...
- 128–91 BC : Empress Wei ZifuEmpress Wei ZifuEmpress Wei Zifu , formally Wei Sihou , was an empress during Han Dynasty. She was Emperor Wu's second wife, and stayed as his empress for 38 years, the second longest in Chinese history...
- 83–74 BC : Empress Shangguan
- 74–71 BC : Empress Xu PingjunEmpress Xu PingjunEmpress Xu Pingjun , formally Empress Gong'ai and sometimes Empress Xiaoxuan was an empress during Han Dynasty...
- 70–66 BC : Empress Huo ChengjunEmpress Huo ChengjunEmpress Huo Chengjun was an empress during Han Dynasty. She was the second wife of Emperor Xuan. Her father was the statesman Huo Guang, who served as regent for Emperor Zhao and who remained exceedingly powerful during Emperor Xuan's reign until his death in 68 BC...
- 64–49 BC : Empress Wang (Xuan)Empress Wang (Xuan)Empress Wang , formally Empress Xiaoxuan , semi-formally Empress Dowager Qiongcheng was an empress during Han Dynasty...
- 48–33 BC : Empress Wang ZhengjunEmpress Wang ZhengjunEmpress Wang Zhengjun , , official imperial title Empress Xiaoyuan , later and more commonly known as Grand Empress Dowager Wang, born in Yuancheng , was an empress during the Western Han Dynasty of China, who played important roles during the reigns of five successive Han emperors—her...
- 31–18 BC : Empress Xu (Cheng)Empress Xu (Cheng)Empress Xu was an empress during Han Dynasty, who came from a powerful family and who was initially very much loved by her husband Emperor Cheng, but who eventually lost favor and, as a result of the machinations of her eventual successor, Empress Zhao Feiyan, was deposed...
- 16–7 BC : Empress Zhao FeiyanEmpress Zhao FeiyanEmpress Zhao Feiyan , formally Empress Xiaocheng , was an empress during the Han Dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Cheng...
- 6–1 BC : Empress Fu (Ai)Empress Fu (Ai)Empress Fu , formally Empress Xiaoai , was an empress during Han Dynasty. Her personal name is unknown. Her husband was Emperor Ai.Empress Fu was the daughter of her husband's grandmother Consort Fu's cousin Fu Yan...
- 1–5 : Empress Wang (Ping)Empress Wang (Ping)Empress Wang , formally Empress Xiaoping , formally during her father Wang Mang's Xin Dynasty Duchess Dowager of Ding'an then Princess Huanghuang was an empress during the Han Dynasty -- the last of the Western Han Dynasty—who was the daughter of the eventual usurper Wang Mang...
Eastern Han Dynasty
- 26–41 : Empress Guo ShengtongEmpress Guo ShengtongEmpress Guo Shengtong was an empress during Han Dynasty. She was the first empress of her husband Emperor Guangwu , the one who established Eastern Han Dynasty as a restoration of the overthrown Western Han Dynasty. She eventually lost her husband's favor and was deposed in 41...
- 60–75 : Empress Yin LihuaEmpress Yin LihuaEmpress Yin Lihua , formally Empress Guanglie was an empress during Han Dynasty. She was the second empress of her husband Emperor Guangwu -- even though she married him as his wife before his first empress, Empress Guo Shengtong, did. She was famed for her beauty and meekness...
- 78–88 : Empress Dou (Zhang)Empress Dou (Zhang)Empress Dou , formally Empress Zhangde , was an empress during Han Dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Zhang. She was already influential during her husband's reign, but became particularly powerful as empress dowager regent for her adoptive son Emperor He after Emperor Zhang's death...
- 96–102 : Empress Yin (He)Empress Yin (He)Empress Yin was an empress during Han Dynasty. She was Emperor He's first wife.She was the daughter of Yin Gang , the grandson of Emperor Guangwu's wife Empress Yin Lihua's brother Yin Shi . She became an imperial consort in 92 and quickly became a favorite of Emperor He...
- 102–106 : Empress Deng SuiEmpress Deng SuiEmpress Deng Sui , formally Empress Hexi was an empress during Han Dynasty. She was Emperor He's second wife. She later, as empress dowager, served as regent for his son Emperor Shang and nephew Emperor An, and was regarded as an able and diligent administrator...
- 108–125 : Empress Yan JiEmpress Yan JiEmpress Yan Ji , formally Empress Ansi , was an empress during Han Dynasty. Her husband was Emperor An. She was known for her conspiratorial and nepotistic behavior, both as empress and as empress dowager...
- 132–144 : Empress Liang NaEmpress Liang NaEmpress Liang Na , formally Empress Shunlie , was an empress during the Han Dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Shun of Han. She later served as regent for his son Emperor Chong, and the two subsequent emperors from collateral lines, Emperor Zhi and Emperor Huan...
- 147–159 : Empress Liang NüyingEmpress Liang NüyingEmpress Liang Nüying , formally Empress Yixian was an empress during Han Dynasty...
- 159–165 : Empress Deng MengnüEmpress Deng MengnüEmpress Deng Mengnü , also briefly known as Liang Mengnü then as Bo Mengnü , was an empress during Han Dynasty. She was the second wife of Emperor Huan.- Family background :...
- 165–168 : Empress Dou MiaoEmpress Dou MiaoEmpress Dou Miao , formally Empress Huansi , was an empress during Han Dynasty. She was the third wife of Emperor Huan...
- 171–178 : Empress Song (Ling)Empress Song (Ling)Empress Song was an empress during the Han Dynasty. She was Emperor Ling's first wife, who later became a victim of the powerful eunuchs.- Family background and marriage to Emperor Ling :...
- 180–189 : Empress He (Ling)Empress He (Ling)Empress He , personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Lingsi was an empress of the Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. She was Emperor Ling's second wife...
- 195–214 : Empress Fu ShouEmpress Fu ShouFu Shou was an empress of the Han Dynasty period of Chinese history. She was the first wife of Emperor Xian, the last emperor of the dynasty.- Family background and marriage to Emperor Xian :...
- 215–220 : Empress Cao JieEmpress Cao JieCao Jie , formally known as Empress Xianmu , and after her husband's abdication, Duchess of Shanyang , was the last empress of the Han Dynasty in Chinese history. She was the second wife of Emperor Xian...
Cao Wei DynastyCao WeiCao Wei was one of the states that competed for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period. With the capital at Luoyang, the state was established by Cao Pi in 220, based upon the foundations that his father Cao Cao laid...
- 222–226 : Empress Guo NüwangEmpress Guo NüwangGuo Nüwang , formally known as Empress Wende , was an empress of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was married to Cao Pi , the first emperor of Cao Wei.-Family background and marriage to Cao Pi:Her father Guo Yong came from a line of minor local officials...
- 227–237 : Empress Mao (Ming)Empress Mao (Ming)Empress Mao , personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Mingdao , was an empress of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was married to Cao Rui , the second emperor of Cao Wei.Empress Mao became a concubine of Cao Rui's during the reign of his father, Cao Pi...
- 238–239 : Empress Guo (Ming)Empress Guo (Ming)Empress Guo , personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Mingyuan , was an empress of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was married to Cao Rui , the second emperor of Cao Wei; she was his third wife and second empress...
- 243–251 : Empress Zhen (Cao Fang)Empress Zhen (Cao Fang)Empress Zhen , personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Huai , was an empress of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history...
- 252–254 : Empress Zhang (Cao Fang)Empress Zhang (Cao Fang)Empress Zhang, personal name unknown, was an empress of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was the second wife of Cao Fang, the third ruler of Cao Wei....
- 254 : Empress Wang (Cao Fang)Empress Wang (Cao Fang)Empress Wang, personal name unknown, was an empress of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was the third wife of Cao Fang, the third ruler of Cao Wei....
- 255–260 : Empress Bian (Cao Mao)Empress Bian (Cao Mao)Empress Bian, personal name unknown, was an empress of Cao Wei during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was married to Cao Mao, the fourth emperor of Cao Wei. Her father Bian Long was the grandson of Bian Bing , a brother-in-law of Cao Mao's great-grandfather, Cao Cao and a brother...
- 263–265 : Empress Bian (Cao Huan)
Shu Han DynastyShu HanShu Han was one of the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period, after the fall of the Han Dynasty. The state was based on areas around Sichuan, which was then known as Shu...
- 221–223 : Empress Wu (Zhaolie)Empress Wu (Zhaolie)Empress Wu , personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Mu , was an empress of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was the last wife and the only empress of Liu Bei, founding emperor of Shu Han, and the younger sister of Wu Yi...
- 223–237 : Empress Zhang (Liu Shan, former)Empress Zhang (Liu Shan, former)Empress Zhang , personal name unknown, formally known as Empress Jing'ai was an empress of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was the daughter of Zhang Fei and his wife Lady Xiahou, and the first wife of Liu Shan, the second emperor of Shu Han...
- 238–263 : Empress Zhang (Liu Shan, later)Empress Zhang (Liu Shan, later)Empress Zhang, personal name unknown, was an empress of Shu Han during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was the daughter of Zhang Fei and his wife Lady Xiahou, and the second wife of Liu Shan, the second emperor of Shu Han. Liu Shan's first wife was her sister, and after her...
Eastern Wu DynastyEastern WuEastern Wu, also known as Sun Wu, was one the three states competing for control of China during the Three Kingdoms period after the fall of the Han Dynasty. It was based in the Jiangnan region of China...
- 251–252 : Empress Pan (Da)Empress Pan (Da)Empress Pan , personal name unknown, was an empress of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period of Chinese history. She was the only empress of the founding emperor, Sun Quan, even though he had a succession of wives before her....
- 252–258 : Empress Quan Huijie
- 262–264 : Empress Zhu (Jing)Empress Zhu (Jing)Empress Zhu , formally known as Empress Jing , was an empress of Eastern Wu during the Three Kingdoms period. Her husband was Sun Xiu , the third emperor of Eastern Wu....
- 264–280 : Empress Teng Fanglan
Jin Dynasty
- 265–274 : Empress Yang YanEmpress Yang YanEmpress Yang Yan , courtesy name Qiongzhi , formally Empress Wuyuan was an empress of Jin Dynasty . She was the first wife of Emperor Wu....
- 276–290 : Empress Yang ZhiEmpress Yang ZhiEmpress Yang Zhi , courtesy name Jilan , nickname Nanyin , formally Empress Wudao was an empress of Jin Dynasty...
- 290–300 : Empress Jia NanfengEmpress Jia NanfengEmpress Jia Nanfeng , nickname Shi , of the Jin Dynasty was the daughter of Jia Chong and first wife of Emperor Hui...
- 300–301, 301–304, 304, 304–305, 305, 306–307 : Empress Yang XianrongEmpress Yang XianrongEmpress Yang Xianrong , formally Empress Xianwen was an empress -- uniquely in the history of China, for two different empires and two different emperors. Her first husband was Emperor Hui of Jin, and her second husband was Liu Yao of Han Zhao...
- 307-311 : Empress Liang Lanbi
- 323–326 : Empress Yu WenjunEmpress Yu WenjunEmpress Yu Wenjun , formally Empress Mingmu was an empress of Jin Dynasty...
- 336–341 : Empress Du LingyangEmpress Du LingyangEmpress Du Lingyang , formally Empress Chengong was an empress of Jin Dynasty . Her husband was Emperor Cheng of Jin. Empress Du Lingyang (杜陵陽) (321–341), formally Empress Chengong (成恭皇后, literally "the successful and respectful empress") was an empress of Jin Dynasty (265-420). Her husband...
- 342–344 : Empress Chu SuanziEmpress Chu SuanziEmpress Chu Suanzi , formally Empress Kangxian , at times as Empress Dowager Chongde , was an empress of Jin Dynasty...
- 357–361 : Empress He FaniEmpress He FaniEmpress He Fani , formally Empress Muzhang , semi-formally Empress Yong'an , was an empress of Jin...
- 361–365 : Empress Wang MuzhiEmpress Wang MuzhiEmpress Wang Muzhi , formally Empress Aijing was an empress of Jin Dynasty . Her husband was Emperor Ai....
- 365–366 : Empress Yu DaolianEmpress Yu DaolianEmpress Yu Daolian , formally Empress Xiao , was an empress of Jin Dynasty . Her husband was Emperor Fei of Jin....
- 375–380 : Empress Wang FahuiEmpress Wang FahuiEmpress Wang Fahui , formally Empress Xiaowuding was an empress during Jin Dynasty . Her husband was Emperor Xiaowu....
- 396–403, 404–412 : Empress Wang Shen'aiEmpress Wang Shen'aiEmpress Wang Shen'ai , formally Empress Anxi was an empress of Jin Dynasty . Her husband was the developmentally disabled Emperor An....
- 419–420 : Empress Chu LingyuanEmpress Chu LingyuanEmpress Chu Lingyuan , formally Empress Gongsi , was the last empress of Jin Dynasty . Her husband was the last emperor of the dynasty, Emperor Gong ....
Liu Song DynastyLiu Song DynastyThe Liu Song Dynasty , also known as Song Dynasty , Former Song , or Southern Song , was first of the four Southern Dynasties in China, succeeding the Eastern Jin Dynasty and followed by the Southern Qi Dynasty....
- 422–424 : Empress Sima MaoyingEmpress Sima MaoyingEmpress Sima Maoying was a princess of Jin Dynasty and an empress of the Liu Song Dynasty. Her father was Emperor Gong of Jin, and her husband was Emperor Shao of Liu Song ....
- 424–440 : Empress Yuan QiguiEmpress Yuan QiguiEmpress Yuan Qigui , formally Empress Yuan was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song...
- 453 : Empress Yin YuyingEmpress Yin YuyingEmpress Yin Yuying was briefly an empress of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song. Her husband was Liu Shao, the crown prince of Emperor Wen who killed his father in 453 and briefly became emperor....
- 453–464 : Empress Wang XianyuanEmpress Wang XianyuanEmpress Wang Xianyuan , formally Empress Wenmu , was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song. Her husband was Emperor Xiaowu .- Background :...
- 465 : Empress Lu (Qianfei)Empress Lu (Qianfei)Empress Lu was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song. Her husband was Emperor Qianfei.Her father Lu Daoqing was the younger brother of Emperor Qianfei's grandmother Empress Dowager Lu Huinan, making her generationally her husband's aunt. She was his second wife...
- 465–472 : Empress Wang ZhenfengEmpress Wang ZhenfengEmpress Wang Zhenfeng , formally Empress Gong , was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song. Her husband was Emperor Ming .-Background:...
- 472–477 : Empress Jiang JianguiEmpress Jiang JianguiEmpress Jiang Jiangui was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song. Her husband was Emperor Houfei of Liu Song .Jiang Jiangui came from a noble lineage, as her grandfather Jiang Zhiyuan was a famed, albeit not particularly powerful, official during the reign of Emperor Xiaowu, but who died in...
- 478–479 : Empress Xie FanjingEmpress Xie FanjingEmpress Xie Fanjing was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Liu Song. Her husband was the last emperor of the dynasty Emperor Shun.Xie Fanjing came from a noble family—her father Xie Yang was a mid-low level official in the imperial administration, but her grandfather Xie Zhuang was a...
Southern Qi Dynasty
- 493–494 : Empress He JingyingEmpress He JingyingEmpress He Jingying was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi. Her husband was Xiao Zhaoye, who is commonly known by his posthumously demoted title of Prince of Yulin....
- 494 : Empress Wang ShaomingEmpress Wang ShaomingEmpress Wang Shaoming was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi. Her husband was Xiao Zhaowen, known by his post-removal title of Prince of Hailing....
- 498–501 : Empress Chu LingquEmpress Chu LingquEmpress Chu Lingqu was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi. Her husband was Xiao Baojuan.Chu Lingqu came from an aristocratic family, as the daughter of the official Chu Cheng , a younger brother of Chu Yuan, who served as a high level official during late Liu Song and later served as...
- 501–502 : Empress Wang ShunhuaEmpress Wang ShunhuaEmpress Wang Shunhua was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Southern Qi. Her husband was the final emperor of the dynasty, Emperor He.Wang Shunhua's grandfather Wang Jian was an early Southern Qi prime minister, and her clan was one of the two most powerful ones among the honored clans of the...
Northern WeiNorthern WeiThe Northern Wei Dynasty , also known as the Tuoba Wei , Later Wei , or Yuan Wei , was a dynasty which ruled northern China from 386 to 534 . It has been described as "part of an era of political turbulence and intense social and cultural change"...
- 400–409 : Empress Murong (Daowu)Empress Murong (Daowu)Empress Murong , formally Empress Daowu , was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei Dynasty. Her husband was the founding emperor Emperor Daowu ....
- 432–452 : Empress HelianEmpress HelianEmpress Helian , formally Empress Taiwu , was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. Her husband was Emperor Taiwu.She was a daughter of the Xia's founding emperor Helian Bobo...
- 456–465 : Empress Feng (Wencheng)Empress Feng (Wencheng)Empress Feng , formally Empress Wenming was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. Her husband was Emperor Wencheng...
- 493–497 : Empress Feng QingEmpress Feng QingEmpress Feng Qing was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. She was Emperor Xiaowen's first empress.Feng Qing was a daughter of Feng Xi the Prince of Changli, who was a brother of the powerful Grand Empress Dowager Feng, the wife of Emperor Wencheng and regent over his son...
- 497–499 : Empress Feng RunEmpress Feng RunEmpress Feng Run , formally Empress You was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei...
- 501–507 : Empress Yu (Xuanwu)Empress Yu (Xuanwu)Empress Yu was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. She was Emperor Xuanwu's first empress.She was the daughter of Yu Jing , the younger brother of the powerful general Yu Lie...
- 508–515 : Empress Gao (Xuanwu)Empress Gao (Xuanwu)Empress Gao Ying was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. She was the second empress of Emperor Xuanwu....
- 5??–528 : Empress Hu (Xiaoming)Empress Hu (Xiaoming)Empress Hu was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. Her husband was Emperor Xiaoming.Little is known about Empress Hu personally—including when she became empress. It is known that she was the daughter of Hu Sheng , a cousin of Emperor Xiaoming's mother Empress Dowager Hu...
- 528–530 : Empress Erzhu Ying'eEmpress Erzhu Ying'eEmpress Erzhu Ying'e was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. She was the wife of Emperor Xiaozhuang and a daughter of the paramount general Erzhu Rong...
- 530–531 : Empress Erzhu (Yuan Ye)Empress Erzhu (Yuan Ye)Empress Erzhu was briefly an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. Her husband was Yuan Ye, also known as the Prince of Changguang....
- 532 : Empress Erzhu (Jiemin)Empress Erzhu (Jiemin)Empress Erzhu was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Northern Wei. Her husband was Emperor Jiemin, and she was a daughter of the general Erzhu Zhao....
- 533–534 : Empress Gao (Xiaowu)Empress Gao (Xiaowu)Empress Gao was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. Her husband was Emperor Xiaowu.She was the oldest daughter of the paramount general Gao Huan...
Western WeiWestern WeiThe Western Wei Dynasty followed the disintegration of the Northern Wei, and ruled northern China from 535 to 556.After the Xianbei general Yuwen Tai killed the Northern Wei emperor Yuan Xiu, he installed Yuan Baoju as emperor of Western Wei while Yuwen Tai would remain as the virtual ruler...
- 535–538 : Empress YifuEmpress YifuEmpress Yifu , formally Empress Wen , was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei state Western Wei -- a branch successor state of Northern Wei. Her husband was Emperor Wen ....
- 538–540 : Empress YujiulüEmpress YujiulüEmpress Yujiulü , formally Empress Dao , was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei state Western Wei — a branch successor state of Northern Wei. Her husband was Emperor Wen....
- 553–554 : Empress YuwenEmpress YuwenEmpress Yuwen was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei state Western Wei — a branch successor state of Northern Wei. Her husband was Emperor Fei , and her father was Western Wei's paramount general Yuwen Tai....
- 554–556 : Empress RuoganEmpress RuoganEmpress Ruogan was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei state Western Wei — a branch successor state of Northern Wei. Her husband was Emperor Gong , the final emperor of the state....
Northern QiNorthern QiThe Northern Qi Dynasty was one of the Northern dynasties of Chinese history and ruled northern China from 550 to 577.-History:The Chinese state of Northern Qi was the successor state of the Chinese/Xianbei state of Eastern Wei and was founded by Emperor Wenxuan...
- 550–559 : Empress Li Zu'eEmpress Li Zu'eEmpress Li Zu'e was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Northern Qi, known at times semi-formally as Empress Zhaoxin . Her husband was Emperor Wenxuan ....
- 560–561 : Empress Yuan (Xiaozhao)Empress Yuan (Xiaozhao)Empress Yuan was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Northern Qi, known at times semi-formally as Empress Shuncheng...
- 561–565 : Empress Hu (Wucheng)Empress Hu (Wucheng)Empress Hu was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Northern Qi. Her husband was Emperor Wucheng .- Background :Her father was the Northern Wei official Hu Yanzhi , and her mother was the daughter of Lu Daoyue...
- 565–572 : Empress HulüEmpress HulüEmpress Hulü was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Northern Qi. She was Gao Wei's first empress, and she was a daughter of the general Hulü Guang....
- 572–573 : Empress Hu (Gao Wei)Empress Hu (Gao Wei)Empress Hu was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Northern Qi. She was Gao Wei's second empress.She was the daughter of Hu Changren the Prince of Longdong, who was the brother of Gao Wei's mother Empress Dowager Hu -- making her and her husband cousins...
- 572–577 : Empress Mu SheliEmpress Mu SheliEmpress Mu Sheli , originally named Mu Yeli , nickname Huanghua , was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Northern Qi. She was Gao Wei's last empress.-Background:...
Liang DynastyLiang DynastyThe Liang Dynasty , also known as the Southern Liang Dynasty , was the third of the Southern dynasties in China and was followed by the Chen Dynasty...
- 551 : Empress Zhang (Xiao Dong)Empress Zhang (Xiao Dong)Empress Zhang was briefly an empress of the Chinese dynasty Liang Dynasty.She was the wife of Xiao Dong the Prince of Yuzhang, a great-grandson of the founder of the dynasty Emperor Wu, and she therefore was known as the Princess of Yuzhang...
- 560–561 : Empress Wang (Xiao Cha)Empress Wang (Xiao Cha)Empress Wang , formally Empress Jing , was a empress of the Chinese dynasty Liang Dynasty...
Northern ZhouNorthern ZhouThe Northern Zhou Dynasty followed the Western Wei, and ruled northern China from 557 to 581. It was overthrown by the Sui Dynasty.Northern Zhou's basis of power was established by Yuwen Tai, who was paramount general of Western Wei, following the split of Northern Wei into Western Wei and...
- 557 : Empress Yuan HumoEmpress Yuan HumoEmpress Yuan Humo was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou .Yuan Humo was the fifth daughter of Emperor Wen of Western Wei, and she carried the title Princess Jin'an during the...
- 568 : Empress Dugu (Ming)Empress Dugu (Ming)Empress Dugu , formally Empress Mingjing , was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou Empress Dugu (獨孤皇后, personal name unknown) (died 558), formally Empress Mingjing (明敬皇后), was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou Empress Dugu (獨孤皇后, personal name unknown)...
- 568–578 : Empress AshinaEmpress AshinaEmpress Ashina was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou. She was the daughter of Göktürk's Muqan Qaghan, and her husband was Emperor Wu....
- 578–579 : Empress Yang LihuaEmpress Yang LihuaEmpress Yang Lihua was an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou, and later a princess of Sui Dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Xuan of Northern Zhou , and her father was Emperor Wen of Sui ....
- 579–580 : Empress Sima LingjiEmpress Sima LingjiEmpress Sima Lingji was, briefly, an empress of the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Zhou. Her husband was Emperor Jing, the final emperor of the dynasty....
Sui DynastySui DynastyThe Sui Dynasty was a powerful, but short-lived Imperial Chinese dynasty. Preceded by the Southern and Northern Dynasties, it ended nearly four centuries of division between rival regimes. It was followed by the Tang Dynasty....
- 581–10 September 602 : Empress Dugu QieluoEmpress Dugu QieluoEmpress Dugu Qieluo , formally Empress Wenxian , was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Sui Dynasty...
, formally Empress Wenxian, empress to Emperor Wen of SuiEmperor Wen of SuiEmperor Wen of Sui — personal name Yang Jian , Xianbei name Puliuru Jian , nickname Naluoyan — was the founder and first emperor of China's Sui Dynasty . He was a hard-working administrator and a micromanager. As a Buddhist, he encouraged the spread of Buddhism through the state... - 605–11 March 618 : Empress XiaoEmpress Xiao (Yang)Empress Xiao , formally Empress Min , was an empress of the Chinese Sui Dynasty...
, formally Empress Min, empress to Emperor Yang of SuiEmperor Yang of SuiEmperor Yang of Sui , personal name Yang Guang , alternative name Ying , nickname Amo , known as Emperor Ming during the brief reign of his grandson Yang Tong), was the second son of Emperor Wen of Sui, and the second emperor of China's Sui Dynasty.Emperor Yang's original name was Yang Ying, but...
Empresses who were granted their titles posthumously:
- 581 : Empress Lü Gutao, formally Empress Yuanming, mother of Emperor Wen of SuiEmperor Wen of SuiEmperor Wen of Sui — personal name Yang Jian , Xianbei name Puliuru Jian , nickname Naluoyan — was the founder and first emperor of China's Sui Dynasty . He was a hard-working administrator and a micromanager. As a Buddhist, he encouraged the spread of Buddhism through the state...
Tang DynastyTang DynastyThe Tang Dynasty was an imperial dynasty of China preceded by the Sui Dynasty and followed by the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. It was founded by the Li family, who seized power during the decline and collapse of the Sui Empire...
- 626–636 : Empress ZhangsunEmpress ZhangsunEmpress Zhangsun , formally Empress Wendeshunsheng or, in short, Empress Wende , was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. She was the wife of Emperor Taizong and the mother of Emperor Gaozong...
- 650–655 : Empress Wang (Gaozong)Empress Wang (Gaozong)Empress Wang was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. She was the first wife and empress of Emperor Gaozong and became empress shortly after he became emperor in 649. She, however, did not bear any sons for him and was not favored...
- 655–684 : Wu ZetianWu ZetianWu Zetian , personal name Wu Zhao , often referred to as Tian Hou during the Tang Dynasty and Empress Consort Wu in later times, was the only woman in the history of China to assume the title of Empress Regnant...
(later also a ruling empress) - 684 : Empress Wei (Zhongzong)Empress Wei (Zhongzong)Empress Wei was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. She was the second wife of Emperor Zhongzong, who reigned twice, and during his second reign, she tried to emulate the example of her mother-in-law Wu Zetian and seize power...
- 684–690 : Empress Liu (Ruizong)Empress Liu (Ruizong)Empress Liu , formally Empress Sumingshunsheng or Empress Suming in short, was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. She was the wife of Emperor Ruizong.- Background :It is not known when the future Empress Liu was born...
- 705–710 : Empress Wei (Zhongzong)Empress Wei (Zhongzong)Empress Wei was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. She was the second wife of Emperor Zhongzong, who reigned twice, and during his second reign, she tried to emulate the example of her mother-in-law Wu Zetian and seize power...
- 710 : Empress Lu (Shang)Empress Lu (Shang)Empress Lu was briefly an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty in 710. Her husband was Emperor Shang ....
- 712–724 : Empress Wang (Xuanzong)Empress Wang (Xuanzong)Empress Wang was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Xuanzong. She was initially made empress after he became emperor in 712, but eventually lost favor to Consort Wu, partly because she never had a son...
- 758–762 : Empress Zhang (Suzong)Empress Zhang (Suzong)Empress Zhang was an empress of the Chinese Tang Dynasty. She was the second wife of Emperor Suzong and gained great power during his reign, in alliance with the eunuch Li Fuguo, but eventually she and Li Fuguo turned against each other late in Emperor Suzong's reign, as the emperor grew gravely...
- 786 : Empress Wang (Dezong)Empress Wang (Dezong)Empress Wang , formally Empress Zhaode , was an empress of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty for three days before her death...
- 898-900 and 901-904 : Empress He (Zhaozong)Empress He (Zhaozong)Empress He , semi-formally known as Empress Jishan , was the wife of Emperor Zhaozong of Tang near the end of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty, and the mother of two of his sons, Li You/Li Yu and Emperor Ai of Tang...
empress to Emperor Zhaozong of TangEmperor Zhaozong of TangEmperor Zhaozong of Tang , né Li Jie , name later changed to Li Min , yet later name changed to Li Ye , was the penultimate emperor of the Tang Dynasty of China. He reigned from 888 to 904...
Song DynastySong DynastyThe Song Dynasty was a ruling dynasty in China between 960 and 1279; it succeeded the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period, and was followed by the Yuan Dynasty. It was the first government in world history to issue banknotes or paper money, and the first Chinese government to establish a...
- 960–963 : Empress WangEmpress Wang (Taizu)Empress Wang was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Taizu of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Taizu of SongEmperor Taizu of SongEmperor Tàizǔ , born Zhao Kuangyin , was the founder of the Song Dynasty of China, reigning from 960 to 976.-Ancestry and early life:... - 968–976 : Empress SongEmpress SongEmpress Song was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Taizu of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Taizu of SongEmperor Taizu of SongEmperor Tàizǔ , born Zhao Kuangyin , was the founder of the Song Dynasty of China, reigning from 960 to 976.-Ancestry and early life:... - 984–997 : Empress LiEmpress Li (Taizong)Empress Li was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Taizong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Taizong of SongEmperor Taizong of SongEmperor Taizong , born Zhao Kuangyi, was the second emperor of the Song Dynasty of China from 976 to 997. He was the younger brother of Emperor Taizu. His temple name Taizong means "Grand Ancestor".-Overview:... - 997–1007 : Empress GuoEmpress Guo (Zhenzong)Empress Guo was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Zhenzong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Zhenzong of SongEmperor Zhenzong of SongEmperor Zhenzong was the third emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. He reigned from 997 to 1022. Zhenzong was the third son of Emperor Taizong. His personal name was Zhao Heng and his temple name Zhenzong means "True Ancestor".Zhenzong's reign was noted for the consolidation of power and the... - 1012–1022 : Empress Liu EEmpress Liu E (Zhenzong)Empress Liu E was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Zhenzong of Song. She was the regent of China for her son in 1022–1031.- Sources :* http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/China_Heads.htm...
, empress to Emperor Zhenzong of SongEmperor Zhenzong of SongEmperor Zhenzong was the third emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. He reigned from 997 to 1022. Zhenzong was the third son of Emperor Taizong. His personal name was Zhao Heng and his temple name Zhenzong means "True Ancestor".Zhenzong's reign was noted for the consolidation of power and the... - 1024–1033 : Empress GuoEmpress Guo (Renzong)Empress Guo was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Renzong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Renzong of SongEmperor Renzong of SongEmperor Renzong was the fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. His personal name was Zhao Zhen . He reigned from 1022 to 1063. Renzong was the son of Emperor Zhenzong of Song. Despite his long reign of over 40 years, Renzong is not widely known... - 1034–1063 : Empress CaoEmpress Cao (Renzong)Empress Cao was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Renzong of Song. She was the regent of China in 1063–1064.- Sources :* http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/China_Heads.htm...
, empress to Emperor Renzong of SongEmperor Renzong of SongEmperor Renzong was the fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. His personal name was Zhao Zhen . He reigned from 1022 to 1063. Renzong was the son of Emperor Zhenzong of Song. Despite his long reign of over 40 years, Renzong is not widely known... - 1065–1067 : Empress GaoEmpress Gao (Yingzong)Empress Gao was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Yingzong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Yingzong of SongEmperor Yingzong of SongEmperor Yingzong was the fifth emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. His personal name was originally Zhao Zongshi but he later changed it to Zhao Shu. He reigned from 1063 to 1067... - 1068–1085 : Empress XiangEmpress XiangEmpress Xiang was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Shenzong of Song. She was the regent of China for her minor son from 1085 until 1093.-External links:...
, empress to Emperor Shenzong of SongEmperor Shenzong of SongEmperor Shenzong of Song was the sixth emperor of the Chinese Song Dynasty. His personal name was Zhao Xu... - 1092–1096 : Empress MengEmpress MengEmpress Meng was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Zhezong of Song. She was regent of China in 1127 and 1129–1131 and regent of Jiling in 1127–1128.- Sources :* http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/China_Heads.htm...
, empress to Emperor Zhezong of SongEmperor Zhezong of SongEmperor Zhezong was the seventh emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. His personal name was Zhao4 Xu1. He reigned from 1085 to 1100.... - 1099–1100 : Empress LiuEmpress Liu (Zhenzong)Empress Liu was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Zhezong of Song. She was regent of China in 1100–1101.- Sources :* http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/China_Heads.htm...
, empress to Emperor Zhezong of SongEmperor Zhezong of SongEmperor Zhezong was the seventh emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. His personal name was Zhao4 Xu1. He reigned from 1085 to 1100.... - 1100–1108 : Empress XiangongEmpress XiangongEmpress Xiangong was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Huizong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Huizong of Song - 1111–1126 : Empress XiansuiEmpress XiansuiEmpress Xiansui was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Huizong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Huizong of Song - 1126–1127 : Empress RenhuaiEmpress RenhuaiEmpress Renhuai was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Qinzong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Qinzong of SongEmperor Qinzong of SongEmperor Qinzong was the ninth emperor of the Song Dynasty of China, and the last emperor of the Northern Song. His personal name was Zhao Huan. He reigned from January 1126 to January 1127.... - 1127–1139 : Empress XingEmpress XingEmpress Xing was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Gaozong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Gaozong of SongEmperor Gaozong of SongEmperor Gaozong , born Zhao Gou, was the tenth emperor of the Song Dynasty of China, and the first emperor of the Southern Song. He reigned from 1127 to 1162. He fled south after the Jurchens overran Kaifeng in the Jingkang Incident, hence the beginning of the Southern Song dynasty 1127–1279... - 1143–1162 : Empress WuEmpress Wu (Gaozong of Song)Empress Wu was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Gaozong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Gaozong of SongEmperor Gaozong of SongEmperor Gaozong , born Zhao Gou, was the tenth emperor of the Song Dynasty of China, and the first emperor of the Southern Song. He reigned from 1127 to 1162. He fled south after the Jurchens overran Kaifeng in the Jingkang Incident, hence the beginning of the Southern Song dynasty 1127–1279... - 1162–1167 : Empress ChenggongEmpress ChenggongEmpress Chenggong was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Xiaozong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Xiaozong of SongEmperor Xiaozong of SongEmperor Xiaozong was the eleventh emperor of the Song Dynasty of China, and the second emperor of the Southern Song. His personal name was Zhao Shen. He reigned from 1162 to 1189. His temple name means "Filial Ancestor".... - 1167–1189 : Empress ChengsuiEmpress ChengsuiEmpress Chengsui was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Xiaozong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Xiaozong of SongEmperor Xiaozong of SongEmperor Xiaozong was the eleventh emperor of the Song Dynasty of China, and the second emperor of the Southern Song. His personal name was Zhao Shen. He reigned from 1162 to 1189. His temple name means "Filial Ancestor".... - 1189–1194 : Empress Li FengniangEmpress Li FengniangEmpress Li Fengniang was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Guangzong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Guangzong of SongEmperor Guangzong of SongEmperor Guangzong 宋光宗 was the 12th Emperor of Song China. He was born with the name Zhao Dun 趙惇. His temple name means "Bright Ancestor".... - 1194–1200 : Empress HanEmpress GongsuiEmpress Gongsui was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Ningzong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Ningzong of SongEmperor Ningzong of SongEmperor Ningzong 寧宗 was the 13th emperor of the Song dynasty who reigned from 1194 to 1224. His temple name means "Tranquil Ancestor". His reign was noted for the cultural and intellectual achievements... - 1200–1224 : Empress YangEmpress GongshenEmpress Gongshen was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Ningzong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Ningzong of SongEmperor Ningzong of SongEmperor Ningzong 寧宗 was the 13th emperor of the Song dynasty who reigned from 1194 to 1224. His temple name means "Tranquil Ancestor". His reign was noted for the cultural and intellectual achievements... - 1227–1264 : Empress Xie DaoqingEmpress Xie DaoqingEmpress Xie Daoqing was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Lizong of Song. She was the regent of Southern Song China in 1264 and in 1274–1276.-Family:* Grandfather: Xie Xinfu, Prince Huizhen of Lü...
, empress to Emperor Lizong of SongEmperor Lizong of SongEmperor Lizong 理宗 was the 14th emperor of the Song Dynasty of China, and the fifth emperor of the Southern Song. His personal name was Zhao Yun . He reigned from 1224 to 1264. His temple name means "Reasonable Ancestor"... - 1267–1274 : Empress QuanEmpress Quan (Duzong)Empress Quan was a Chinese Empress consort of the Song Dynasty, married to Emperor Duzong of Song.- Sources :...
, empress to Emperor Duzong of Song
Empresses who were granted their titles posthumously:
- 961 : Empress Dowager Zhaoxian, mother of Emperor Taizu of SongEmperor Taizu of SongEmperor Tàizǔ , born Zhao Kuangyin , was the founder of the Song Dynasty of China, reigning from 960 to 976.-Ancestry and early life:...
and Emperor Taizong of SongEmperor Taizong of SongEmperor Taizong , born Zhao Kuangyi, was the second emperor of the Song Dynasty of China from 976 to 997. He was the younger brother of Emperor Taizu. His temple name Taizong means "Grand Ancestor".-Overview:... - 960 : Empress He, married to Emperor Taizu of SongEmperor Taizu of SongEmperor Tàizǔ , born Zhao Kuangyin , was the founder of the Song Dynasty of China, reigning from 960 to 976.-Ancestry and early life:...
- 976 : Empress Yin, married to Emperor Taizong of SongEmperor Taizong of SongEmperor Taizong , born Zhao Kuangyi, was the second emperor of the Song Dynasty of China from 976 to 997. He was the younger brother of Emperor Taizu. His temple name Taizong means "Grand Ancestor".-Overview:...
- 976 : Empress Fu, married to Emperor Taizong of SongEmperor Taizong of SongEmperor Taizong , born Zhao Kuangyi, was the second emperor of the Song Dynasty of China from 976 to 997. He was the younger brother of Emperor Taizu. His temple name Taizong means "Grand Ancestor".-Overview:...
- 997 : Empress Li, mother of Emperor Zhenzong of SongEmperor Zhenzong of SongEmperor Zhenzong was the third emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. He reigned from 997 to 1022. Zhenzong was the third son of Emperor Taizong. His personal name was Zhao Heng and his temple name Zhenzong means "True Ancestor".Zhenzong's reign was noted for the consolidation of power and the...
- 997 : Empress Zhanghuai, married to Emperor Zhenzong of SongEmperor Zhenzong of SongEmperor Zhenzong was the third emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. He reigned from 997 to 1022. Zhenzong was the third son of Emperor Taizong. His personal name was Zhao Heng and his temple name Zhenzong means "True Ancestor".Zhenzong's reign was noted for the consolidation of power and the...
- 1033 : Empress Li, mother of Emperor Renzong of SongEmperor Renzong of SongEmperor Renzong was the fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. His personal name was Zhao Zhen . He reigned from 1022 to 1063. Renzong was the son of Emperor Zhenzong of Song. Despite his long reign of over 40 years, Renzong is not widely known...
- 1036 : Empress Yang, married to Emperor Zhenzong of SongEmperor Zhenzong of SongEmperor Zhenzong was the third emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. He reigned from 997 to 1022. Zhenzong was the third son of Emperor Taizong. His personal name was Zhao Heng and his temple name Zhenzong means "True Ancestor".Zhenzong's reign was noted for the consolidation of power and the...
- 1054 : Empress Zhang, married to Emperor Renzong of SongEmperor Renzong of SongEmperor Renzong was the fourth emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. His personal name was Zhao Zhen . He reigned from 1022 to 1063. Renzong was the son of Emperor Zhenzong of Song. Despite his long reign of over 40 years, Renzong is not widely known...
- 1101 : Empress Chen, mother of Emperor Huizong of Song
- 1102 : Empress Zhu, mother of Emperor Zhezong of SongEmperor Zhezong of SongEmperor Zhezong was the seventh emperor of the Song Dynasty of China. His personal name was Zhao4 Xu1. He reigned from 1085 to 1100....
- 1113 : Empress Mingda, married to Emperor Huizong of Song
- 1121 : Empress Mingzhe, married to Emperor Huizong of Song
- 1159 : Empress Xianren, mother of Emperor Gaozong of SongEmperor Gaozong of SongEmperor Gaozong , born Zhao Gou, was the tenth emperor of the Song Dynasty of China, and the first emperor of the Southern Song. He reigned from 1127 to 1162. He fled south after the Jurchens overran Kaifeng in the Jingkang Incident, hence the beginning of the Southern Song dynasty 1127–1279...
- 1162 : Empress Chengmu, married to Emperor Xiaozong of SongEmperor Xiaozong of SongEmperor Xiaozong was the eleventh emperor of the Song Dynasty of China, and the second emperor of the Southern Song. His personal name was Zhao Shen. He reigned from 1162 to 1189. His temple name means "Filial Ancestor"....
Yuan DynastyYuan DynastyThe Yuan Dynasty , or Great Yuan Empire was a ruling dynasty founded by the Mongol leader Kublai Khan, who ruled most of present-day China, all of modern Mongolia and its surrounding areas, lasting officially from 1271 to 1368. It is considered both as a division of the Mongol Empire and as an...
- 1260–1281 : ChabiChabiEmpress Chabi , was a Chinese Empress consort of the Yuan Dynasty, married to Kublai Khan.- Sources :...
, empress to Kublai KhanKublai KhanKublai Khan , born Kublai and also known by the temple name Shizu , was the fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1260 to 1294 and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China... - 1283–1294 : NambuiNambuiEmpress Nambui was a Chinese Empress consort of the Yuan Dynasty, married to Kublai Khan.- Sources :...
, second empress to Kublai KhanKublai KhanKublai Khan , born Kublai and also known by the temple name Shizu , was the fifth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from 1260 to 1294 and the founder of the Yuan Dynasty in China... - 1295–1307 : BuluganBuluganDowager Empress Khanum Bulugan was a Mongolian political leader and Empress of the Yuan Dynasty that ruled Mongolia, Tibet, Korea and China. She was born as Princess Bulukhan of the Baya'ud tribe. Her husband Great Khan Temur, ruled from 1294 to 1307....
, empress to Temür Khan, Emperor Chengzong of Yuan - 1310–1311 : Empress to Külüg Khan, Emperor Wuzong of Yuan
- 1313–1320 : RadnashiriRadnashiriEmpress Radnashiri was a Chinese Empress consort of the Yuan Dynasty, married to Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Emperor Renzong of Yuan.- Sources :...
, empress to Ayurbarwada Buyantu Khan, Emperor Renzong of Yuan - 1321–1323 : SugabalaSugabalaEmpress Sugabala was a Chinese Empress consort of the Yuan Dynasty, married to Gegeen Khan, Emperor Yingzong of Yuan.- Sources :...
, empress to Gegeen Khan, Emperor Yingzong of Yuan - 1324–1328 : Babukhan KhatunBabukhan KhatunBabukhan Khatun was a Chinese Empress consort of the Yuan Dynasty, married to Yesün Temür Khan, Emperor Taiding of Yuan.- Sources :...
, empress to Yesün Temür Khan, Emperor Taiding of Yuan - 1328–1329 : Budashiri, empress to Jayaatu Khan, Emperor Wenzong of Yuan (first time)
- 1329–1329 : BabushaBabushaEmpress Babusha was a Chinese Empress consort of the Yuan Dynasty, married to the Khutughtu Khan, Emperor Mingzong of Yuan.- Sources :...
, empress to Khutughtu Khan, Emperor Mingzong of Yuan - 1329–1332 : Budashiri, empress to Jayaatu Khan, Emperor Wenzong of Yuan (second time)
- 1332–1332 : Empress to Rinchinbal Khan, Emperor Ningzong of Yuan
- 1333–1335 : DanashriDanashriEmpress Danashri was a Chinese Empress consort of the Yuan Dynasty, married to Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan.- Sources :...
, empress to Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan - 1337–1365 : Bayan KhutughBayan KhutughEmpress Bayan Khutugh was a Chinese Empress consort of the Yuan Dynasty, married to Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan.- Sources :...
, empress to Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan - 1340–1370 : Qi EmpressQi EmpressQi Empress was one of empresses of Toghun Temür Khan of the Yuan Dynasty and the mother of Ayushiridar....
, empress to Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan
Empresses who were granted their titles posthumously:
- 1336 : Mailaiti, mother to Ukhaantu Khan, Emperor Huizong of Yuan
Ming DynastyMing DynastyThe Ming Dynasty, also Empire of the Great Ming, was the ruling dynasty of China from 1368 to 1644, following the collapse of the Mongol-led Yuan Dynasty. The Ming, "one of the greatest eras of orderly government and social stability in human history", was the last dynasty in China ruled by ethnic...
- 1368–1382 : Empress Xiao Ci Gao, empress to the Hongwu EmperorHongwu EmperorThe Hongwu Emperor , known variably by his given name Zhu Yuanzhang and by his temple name Taizu of Ming , was the founder and first emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China...
- 1399–1402 : Empress Xiao Min RangEmpress Ma (Jianwen)Empress Ma , formally Empress Xiao Min Rang , was the Empress Consort to Jianwen Emperor and the second Empress Consort of China's Ming Dynasty.-Family Background:...
, empress to the Jianwen EmperorJianwen EmperorThe Jianwen Emperor , with the personal name Zhu Yunwen , reigned as the second Emperor of the Ming dynasty... - 1402–1407 : Empress Ren Xiao WenEmpress XuEmpress Xu , formally Empress Ren Xiao Wen , birth name Xu Yihua , was the empress consort to the Yongle Emperor and the third empress of China's Ming Dynasty...
, empress to the Yongle EmperorYongle EmperorThe Yongle Emperor , born Zhu Di , was the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty of China from 1402 to 1424. His Chinese era name Yongle means "Perpetual Happiness".He was the Prince of Yan , possessing a heavy military base in Beiping... - 1424–1425 : Empress Cheng Xiao ZhaoEmpress Cheng Xiao ZhaoEmpress Xiao Gong Zhang was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Xuande Emperor.- Sources :...
, empress to the Hongxi EmperorHongxi EmperorThe Hongxi Emperor was the fourth emperor of the Ming Dynasty in China. He succeeded his father, the Yongle Emperor, in 1424. His era name means "Vastly bright".-Biography:... - 1425–1428 : Empress Gong Rang ZhangEmpress Gong Rang ZhangEmpress Xiao Gong Zhang was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Xuande Emperor.- Sources :...
, first empress to the Xuande EmperorXuande EmperorThe Xuande Emperor was Emperor of China from 1425 to 1435. His era name means "Proclamation of Virtue".-Biography:... - 1428–1435 : Empress Xiao Gong ZhangEmpress Xiao Gong ZhangEmpress Xiao Gong Zhang was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Xuande Emperor. She was the regent of China for her son in 1435–1442.- Sources :* http://www.guide2womenleaders.com/China_Heads.htm...
, second empress to the Xuande EmperorXuande EmperorThe Xuande Emperor was Emperor of China from 1425 to 1435. His era name means "Proclamation of Virtue".-Biography:... - 1442–1449 : Empress Xiao Zhuang RuiEmpress Xiao Zhuang RuiEmpress Xiao Zhuang Rui was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Zhengtong Emperor.- Sources :...
, empress to the Zhengtong EmperorZhengtong EmperorZhu Qizhen was an emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He ruled as the Zhengtong Emperor from 1435 to 1449, and as the Tianshun Emperor from 1457 to 1464.... - 1449–1452 : Empress Xiao Yuan JingEmpress Xiao Yuan JingEmpress Xiao Yuan Jing was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Jingtai Emperor.- Sources :...
, first empress to the Jingtai EmperorJingtai EmperorThe Jingtai Emperor was Emperor of China from 1449 to 1457. The second son of the Xuande Emperor, he was selected in 1449 to succeed his older brother, the Zhengtong Emperor, when the latter was captured by Mongols following the Tumu Crisis... - 1452–1456 : Empress Su XiaoEmpress Su XiaoEmpress Su Xiao was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Jingtai Emperor.- Sources :...
, second empress to the Jingtai EmperorJingtai EmperorThe Jingtai Emperor was Emperor of China from 1449 to 1457. The second son of the Xuande Emperor, he was selected in 1449 to succeed his older brother, the Zhengtong Emperor, when the latter was captured by Mongols following the Tumu Crisis... - 1457–1464 : Empress Xiao Zhuang RuiEmpress Xiao Zhuang RuiEmpress Xiao Zhuang Rui was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Zhengtong Emperor.- Sources :...
, empress to the Tianshun Emperor(Zhengtong Emperor) - 1464-1464 : Empress WuEmpress Wu (Chenghua)Empress Wu was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Chenghua Emperor.- Sources :...
, first empress to the Chenghua EmperorChenghua EmperorThe Chenghua Emperor was Emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, between 1464 and 1487. His era name means "Accomplished change".-Childhood:Born Zhu Jianshen, he was the Zhengtong Emperor's son. He was only 2 years old when his father, the Zhengtong emperor, was captured by the Oirat Mongols and... - 1464–1487 : Empress Xiao Zhen ChunEmpress Xiao Zhen ChunEmpress Xiao Zhen Chun was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Chenghua Emperor.- Sources :...
, second empress to the Chenghua EmperorChenghua EmperorThe Chenghua Emperor was Emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, between 1464 and 1487. His era name means "Accomplished change".-Childhood:Born Zhu Jianshen, he was the Zhengtong Emperor's son. He was only 2 years old when his father, the Zhengtong emperor, was captured by the Oirat Mongols and... - 1487–1505 : Empress Xiao Cheng JingEmpress Xiao Cheng JingEmpress Xiao Cheng Jing was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Hongzhi Emperor.-Biography:Married then-Crown Prince Youcheng as his wife and crown princess in 1487; was created empress when he succeeded to the throne later that year; remains the only empress to an adult...
, empress to the Hongzhi EmperorHongzhi EmperorThe Hongzhi Emperor was emperor of the Ming dynasty in China between 1487 and 1505. Born Zhu Youcheng , he was the son of the Chenghua Emperor and his reign as emperor of China is called the Hongzhi... - 1506–1521 : Empress Xiao Jing YiEmpress Xiao Jing YiEmpress Xiao Jie Su was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Zhengde Emperor.- Sources :...
, empress to the Zhengde EmperorZhengde EmperorThe Zhengde Emperor was emperor of China between 1505-1521. Born Zhu Houzhao, he was the Hongzhi Emperor's eldest son... - 1522–1528 : Empress Xiao Jie SuEmpress Xiao Jie SuEmpress Xiao Jie Su was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, first empress to the Jiajing Emperor.- Sources :...
, first empress to the Jiajing EmperorJiajing EmperorThe Jiajing Emperor was the 11th Ming Dynasty Emperor of China who ruled from 1521 to 1567. Born Zhu Houcong, he was the former Zhengde Emperor's cousin... - 1528–1534 : Empress ZhangEmpress Zhang (wife of Jiajing Emperor)Empress Xiao Lie was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, second empress to the Jiajing Emperor. She was deprived of the title empress in 1534 because of conflicts within the family.- Sources :...
, second empress to the Jiajing EmperorJiajing EmperorThe Jiajing Emperor was the 11th Ming Dynasty Emperor of China who ruled from 1521 to 1567. Born Zhu Houcong, he was the former Zhengde Emperor's cousin... - 1534–1547 : Empress Xiao LieEmpress Xiao LieEmpress Xiao Lie was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, third empress to the Jiajing Emperor.- Sources :...
, third empress to the Jiajing EmperorJiajing EmperorThe Jiajing Emperor was the 11th Ming Dynasty Emperor of China who ruled from 1521 to 1567. Born Zhu Houcong, he was the former Zhengde Emperor's cousin... - 1566–1572 : Empress Xiao AnEmpress Xiao AnEmpress Xiao An was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Longqing Emperor.- Sources :...
, empress to the Longqing EmperorLongqing EmperorThe Longqing Emperor was the 12th emperor of the Ming dynasty in China between 1567-1572. His era name means "Great celebration". His name at birth was Zhu Zaihou and he was born during the reign of his father Emperor Jiajing, at the Forbidden City at the Ming Dynasty capital Beijing.... - 1578–1620 : Empress Xiao Duan XianEmpress Xiao Duan XianEmpress Xiao Duan Xian was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Wanli Emperor.-Biography:Empress Xiao Duan Xian is the longest serving empress consort in China. She was the only one of the consorts of Wanli to hold the title of empress during his reign.- Sources :...
, empress to the Wanli EmperorWanli EmperorThe Wanli Emperor was emperor of China between 1572 and 1620. His era name means "Ten thousand calendars". Born Zhu Yijun, he was the Longqing Emperor's third son... - 1621–1627 : Empress Xiao Ai ZheEmpress Xiao Ai ZheEmpress Xiao Ai Zhe was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to the Tianqi Emperor.-Biography:Empress Xiao Ai Zhe despised the influential favorites of Tianqi, the eunuch Wei Zhongxian and the nurse Madame Ke, and was involved in several conflicts with them...
, empress to the Tianqi EmperorTianqi EmperorThe Tianqi Emperor was the 15th emperor of the Ming dynasty from 1620 to 1627. Born Zhu Youxiao, he was the Taichang Emperor's eldest son. His era name means "Heavenly opening".-Biography:... - 1628–1644 : Empress Zhuang Lie MinEmpress Zhuang Lie MinEmpress Zhuang Lie Min , posthumously named Empress Xiao Jie, was a Chinese Empress consort of the Ming Dynasty, married to Chongzhen Emperor.-Biography:...
, empress to the Chongzhen EmperorChongzhen EmperorThe Chongzhen Emperor was the 16th and last emperor of the Ming Dynasty in China. He reigned from 1627 to 1644, under an era name that means "honorable and auspicious".- Early years :...
Empresses who were granted their titles posthumously:
- 1504 : Empress Xiao Su, mother of Chenghua EmperorChenghua EmperorThe Chenghua Emperor was Emperor of the Ming dynasty in China, between 1464 and 1487. His era name means "Accomplished change".-Childhood:Born Zhu Jianshen, he was the Zhengtong Emperor's son. He was only 2 years old when his father, the Zhengtong emperor, was captured by the Oirat Mongols and...
- 1566 : Empress Xiao Ke, mother of Longqing EmperorLongqing EmperorThe Longqing Emperor was the 12th emperor of the Ming dynasty in China between 1567-1572. His era name means "Great celebration". His name at birth was Zhu Zaihou and he was born during the reign of his father Emperor Jiajing, at the Forbidden City at the Ming Dynasty capital Beijing....
- 1566 : Empress Xiao Yi Zhuan, married to Longqing EmperorLongqing EmperorThe Longqing Emperor was the 12th emperor of the Ming dynasty in China between 1567-1572. His era name means "Great celebration". His name at birth was Zhu Zaihou and he was born during the reign of his father Emperor Jiajing, at the Forbidden City at the Ming Dynasty capital Beijing....
- 1614 : Empress Xiao Ding, mother of Wanli EmperorWanli EmperorThe Wanli Emperor was emperor of China between 1572 and 1620. His era name means "Ten thousand calendars". Born Zhu Yijun, he was the Longqing Emperor's third son...
- 1620 : Empress Xiao Jing, mother of Taichang EmperorTaichang EmperorThe Taichang Emperor was the fourteenth Emperor of the Ming Dynasty. He was born Zhu Changluo , the eldest son of the Wanli Emperor and succeeded his father as emperor in 1620. However his reign came to an abrupt end less than one month after his coronation when he was found dead one morning in...
Southern Ming DynastySouthern Ming DynastyThe Southern Ming Dynasty was the Ming loyalist regime that continued in Southern China from 1644 to 1662 following the capture of Beijing by rebel armies and the death of the last Ming emperor in 1644....
- 1645–1646 : Empress Xiao Yi Xiang, empress of Zhu Yujian, Prince of TangZhu Yujian, Prince of TangZhu Yujian , the Prince of Tang, reigned as the Longwu Emperor of the Southern Ming dynasty from 18 August 1645, when he was enthroned in Fuzhou, to 6 October 1646, when he was captured and executed by a contingent of the Qing army...
- 1646–1662 : Empress Xiao Gang Kuan
Empresses who were granted their titles posthumously:
- 1644 : Empress Xiao Zhe Jian
- 1644 : Empress Xiao Yi
- 1644 : Empress Xiao Xu
Qing DynastyQing DynastyThe Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....
- 1651–1653 : Borjigit, Demoted EmpressBorjigit, Demoted EmpressBorjigit, Demoted Empress refers to the first empress of the Shunzhi Emperor of the Qing Dynasty. She was a Khorchin Mongol, a branch of the Mongol Borjigit clan that claimed descent from Hasar, a younger brother of Genghis Khan. Her personal name was unknown...
- 1654–1661 : Empress Xiaohuizhang
- 1665–1674 : Empress Xiaochengren
- 1677–1678 : Empress Xiaozhaoren
- 1689–1689 : Empress Xiaoyiren
- 1722–1723 : Empress Xiaojingxian
- 1738–1748 : Empress XiaoxianchunEmpress XiaoxianchunEmpress Xiaoxianchun was the first Empress Consort of the Qianlong Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.- Family background :...
- 1750–1765 : Ulanara, the Step Empress
- 1796–1797 : Empress Xiaoshurui
- 1801–1820 : Empress Xiaoherui
- 1822–1833 : Empress Xiaoshencheng
- 1833–1840 : Empress Xiaoquancheng
- 1852–1861 : Empress ZhenEmpress Dowager Ci'anEmpress Dowager Ci'an , popularly known in China as the East Empress Dowager , and officially known posthumously as the Empress Xiao Zhen Xian , was the second Empress Consort of the Xianfeng Emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China, and then Empress Dowager after 1861...
- 1872–1875 : Empress Xiaozheyi
- 1889–1908 : Empress LongyuEmpress Dowager LongyuEmpress Xiao Ding Jing ; is better known as the Empress Dowager Longyu , . Also , she had the nickname was Xizi （喜子）. Empress Xiao Ding Jing was the Qing Dynasty Empress Consort of the Guangxu Emperor who ruled China from 1875 till 1908...
- 1924–1946 : Wanrong, Empress Xiaokemin
Empresses being given their title posthumously:
- 1626 : Empress XiaoliewuLady AbahaiLady Abahai was the primary consort of Nurhaci, founder of the Qing Dynasty. She bore Nurhaci three sons - Ajige, Dorgon, and Dodo. She was erroneously identified with Nurhaci's son and successor, Hong Taiji, in earlier sources....
- 1636 : Empress Xiaocigao
- 1660 : Consort Donggo
- 1663 : Empress Xiaokangzhang
- 1777 : Empress Xiaoshengxian
- 1796 : Empress Xiaoyichun
- 1820 : Empress Xiaomucheng
- 1850 : Empress Xiaodexian
- 1855 : Empress Xiaojingcheng
Empress Dowagers
The title of Empress Dowager was not a title automatically given to a former Empress Consort and widow of an Emperor. The title Empress Dowager could be granted a widow of an Emperor even when she had not been the Empress Consort during the reign of her spouse. Therefore, a separate list is given of the Empress Dowagers, which in some cases equals the list of Empress Consorts, and in other cases not.Tang Dynasty
- 820–848 : Empress Dowager Guo (Muzong)Empress Dowager Guo (Muzong)Empress Dowager Guo , formally Empress Yi'an , was an empress dowager of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty...
- 824–845 : Empress Dowager Wang (Jingzong)Empress Dowager Wang (Jingzong)Empress Dowager Wang , formally Empress Gongxi , known during her lifetime at times as Empress Dowager Baoli then as Empress Dowager Yi'an , was an empress dowager of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty...
- 826–847 : Empress Dowager Xiao (Wenzong)Empress Dowager Xiao (Wenzong)Empress Dowager Xiao , formally Empress Zhenxian , known at times in her life as Empress Dowager Jiqing , was an empress dowager of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty...
- 846–865 : Empress Dowager Zheng (Xuānzong)Empress Dowager Zheng (Xuanzong)Empress Dowager Zheng , formally Empress Xiaoming , was an empress dowager of the Chinese dynasty Tang Dynasty...
Qing Dynasty
- 1643–1649 : Empress Xiaoduanwen
- 1646–1688 : Empress Dowager Xiaozhuang
- 1661–1663 : Empress Xiaokangzhang
- 1663–1717 : Empress Xiaohuizhang
- 1722–1723 : Empress Xiaogongren
- 1735–1777 : Empress Xiaoshengxian
- 1820–1850 : Empress Xiaoherui
- 1855 : Empress Xiaojingcheng
- 1861–1881 : Empress Dowager Ci'anEmpress Dowager Ci'anEmpress Dowager Ci'an , popularly known in China as the East Empress Dowager , and officially known posthumously as the Empress Xiao Zhen Xian , was the second Empress Consort of the Xianfeng Emperor of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China, and then Empress Dowager after 1861...
- 1861–1908 : Empress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager CixiEmpress Dowager Cixi1 , of the Manchu Yehenara clan, was a powerful and charismatic figure who became the de facto ruler of the Manchu Qing Dynasty in China for 47 years from 1861 to her death in 1908....
- 1908–1913 : Empress Dowager LongyuEmpress Dowager LongyuEmpress Xiao Ding Jing ; is better known as the Empress Dowager Longyu , . Also , she had the nickname was Xizi （喜子）. Empress Xiao Ding Jing was the Qing Dynasty Empress Consort of the Guangxu Emperor who ruled China from 1875 till 1908...
See also
- Chinese nobilityChinese nobilityChinese sovereignty and peerage, the nobility of China, were an important feature of traditional social and political organization of Imperial China. While the concepts of hereditary sovereign and peerage titles and noble families were featured as early as the semi-mythical, early historical...
- Ranks of Imperial Consorts in ChinaRanks of Imperial Consorts in ChinaIn Chinese History, polygamy was not prohibited until recent times. As a result, different dynasties have different systems of ranking for their palace's inner harems...
- Imperial consorts of Tang ChinaImperial consorts of Tang ChinaImperial consorts of Tang China are organized in eight or nine ranks, in addition to the empress. They are also called the "inner officials" , as opposed to "palace officials" , the bureaucracy....
- Grand empress dowagerGrand Empress DowagerThe title Grand Empress Dowager was given to the grandmother or a woman from the grandmother generation of the Chinese, Korean. Japanese dynastic ruler. Some grand empress dowagers held regency within the beginning years of reign of an underage or young emperor...
- Empress dowagerEmpress DowagerEmpress Dowager was the title given to the mother of a Chinese, Korean, Japanese or Vietnamese emperor.The title was also given occasionally to another woman of the same generation, while a woman from the previous generation was sometimes given the title of Grand empress dowager. Numerous empress...
- Nurse empress dowagerNurse empress dowagerNurse empress dowager was an honorific title given to emperors' wet nurses during the Chinese/Xianbei dynasty Northern Wei. The existence of the title owed itself to a peculiar institution of Northern Wei—that when a son of the emperor were to be made crown prince, his mother, if alive, must be...
- Consort clanConsort clanThe consort clan is the family, clan of or group related to an empress dowager or a spouse of a Chinese dynastic ruler or a warlord. The leading figure of the clan was either a sibling, cousin, or parent of the empress or consort.- Han Dynasty :...
- List of Chinese monarchs