List of Chinese dissidents - AbsoluteAstronomy.com

This list consists of these activists who are known as Chinese dissidents.

There are also a large number of Chinese who claim to be dissident

Dissident

A dissident, broadly defined, is a person who actively challenges an established doctrine, policy, or institution. When dissidents unite for a common cause they often effect a dissident movement....

s and seek to defect

Defection

In politics, a defector is a person who gives up allegiance to one state or political entity in exchange for allegiance to another. More broadly, it involves abandoning a person, cause or doctrine to whom or to which one is bound by some tie, as of allegiance or duty.This term is also applied,...

, usually to USA

United States

The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...

, Canada

Canada

Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...

, UK

United Kingdom

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...

, Australia

Australia

Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...

or New Zealand

New Zealand

New Zealand is an island country in the south-western Pacific Ocean comprising two main landmasses and numerous smaller islands. The country is situated some east of Australia across the Tasman Sea, and roughly south of the Pacific island nations of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga...

. To support their application to migrate, it is quite common for these self proclaimed dissidents to cite their participation in Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

Tiananmen Square protests of 1989

The Tiananmen Square protests of 1989, also known as the June Fourth Incident in Chinese , were a series of demonstrations in and near Tiananmen Square in Beijing in the People's Republic of China beginning on 15 April 1989...

, their strong religious belief in Falun Gong

Falun Gong

Falun Gong is a spiritual discipline first introduced in China in 1992 by its founder, Li Hongzhi, through public lectures. It combines the practice of meditation and slow-moving qigong exercises with the moral philosophy...

or that they are being pursued by a network of spies (Chen Yonglin

Chen Yonglin

Chen Yonglin is a former Chinese diplomat who sparked fears of a diplomatic incident through his defection to Australia in the summer of 2005. The episode highlighted the tensions faced by China's trade partners when concerns arise from that nation's human rights record...

). (See Economic migrants) These people are not included in this list.

Detained and jailed people

Many Chinese

People's Republic of China

China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...

political

Politics

Politics is a process by which groups of people make collective decisions. The term is generally applied to the art or science of running governmental or state affairs, including behavior within civil governments, but also applies to institutions, fields, and special interest groups such as the...

activists

Activism

Activism consists of intentional efforts to bring about social, political, economic, or environmental change. Activism can take a wide range of forms from writing letters to newspapers or politicians, political campaigning, economic activism such as boycotts or preferentially patronizing...

have been detained or jailed or exiled for their pro-democracy

Chinese democracy movement

The Chinese democracy movement refers to a series of loosely organized political movements in the People's Republic of China against the continued one-party rule by the Communist Party. One such movement began during the Beijing Spring in 1978 and was taken up again in the Tiananmen Square...

or rights defending

Weiquan movement

The Weiquan movement is a non-centralized group of lawyers, legal experts and intellectuals in the People's Republic of China who seek to protect and defend the civil rights of the citizenry through litigation and legal activism...

activities.

Among them are:

Name	Occupation	Detained	Allegations	Sentence	Notes
Liao Yiwu Liao Yiwu Liao Yiwu , is a Chinese author, reporter, musician, and poet. He is acritic of China's Communist regime, for which he has been imprisoned...	writer, musician	1990	Poem "Massacre" about Tiananmen Square	4 years, permanent blacklist	under a 2011 'travel ban' for 'national security' reasons
Bao Tong Bao Tong Bao Tong was former Director of the Office of Political Reform of the CPC Central Committee and the Policy Secretary of Zhao Ziyang, Premier of the State Council, from 1980 to 1985. He was also Director of the Drafting Committee for the CCP 13th Party Congresses, known for its strong support for...	government official	1989	revealing state secrets and counter-revolutionary propagandizing	7 years	Sentenced 1992. Prison: 1989-1996. as of 2009, under surveillance.
Tang Baiqiao Tang Baiqiao Tang Baiqiao is a Chinese political dissident from Hunan province who led student protests during the 1989 democracy movement. After the incident at Tiananmen Square, Tang fled from agents of the Communist Party of China who eventually arrested him in the city of Jiangmen. He was charged with...	activist	1989	Spreading counterrevolutionary propaganda; inciting counterrevolutionary activities; defection to the enemy; treason.	3 years	Released under international pressure 1991. Fled to Hong Kong, then U.S. 1992.
Zhao Lianhai Zhao Lianhai Zhao Lianhai is a Chinese dissident and former food safety worker who became an activist for parents of children harmed during the 2008 Chinese milk scandal. In 2010 he was sentenced to 2½ years imprisonment for 'disturbing social order'....	food safety worker, activist	2009	inciting social disorder	2.5 years	Sentenced 2010
Bao Zunxin Bao Zunxin Bao Zunxin was a Chinese historian and political dissident who was arrested and jailed for his role in the 1989 Tiananmen Square democracy protests.-Biography:...	historian	1989	counterrevolutionary propaganda and incitement	5 years	sentenced, 1991. released 1992, died 2007
Cai Lujun Cai Lujun -Biography:Cai Lujun was born in Feixiang County, Hebei Province. He was a owner a foreign trading company and a freelance writer. He graduated from secondary school.Cai became one of the first person in China to be arrested for posting articles on the internet....	businessman, writer	2003	incitement to subversion Inciting subversion of state power Inciting subversion of state power is a crime under the law of the People's Republic of China. It is article 105, paragraph 2 of the 1997 revision of the People's Republic of China's Penal Code....	3 years	released 2006, sought political asylum in Taiwan in 2007
Gao Zhisheng Gao Zhisheng Gao Zhisheng is a Chinese human rights attorney and dissident known for defending activists and religious minorities and documenting alleged human rights abuses in China. Because of his work, Zhisheng has been disbarred and detained by the Chinese government several times and released...	lawyer	~2006	disturbing public order	5 yrs suspended	illegally detained and tortured in 2007; forcibly removed from family home in Shaanxi in 2009. 'Disappeared' by government in 2009, reappeared in 2010. The Chinese foreign minister claimed a prison sentence was for 'subversion'.
Guo Quan Guo Quan Guo Quan is a Chinese human rights activist. He founded the China New Democracy Party. He is a State Owned Enterprise cadre, secretary of the Nanjing Economic Restructuring Commission and Nanjing People's Court cadre....	professor	2008	subversion of state power	10 years	sentenced 2009. awaiting appeal
He Depu He Depu He Depu is a dissident in the People's Republic of China.-Biography:He was employed at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences in Beijing. Political activist who took part in the Democracy Wall movement, he was founder of Beijing Youth magazine in 1979....	writer	2002	"incited subversion" Inciting subversion of state power Inciting subversion of state power is a crime under the law of the People's Republic of China. It is article 105, paragraph 2 of the 1997 revision of the People's Republic of China's Penal Code.... on the Internet	8 years	sentenced 2003. expected release 2010
Hu Jia Hu Jia (activist) Hu Jia is an activist and dissident in the People's Republic of China. His work has focused on the Chinese democracy movement, Chinese environmentalist movement, and HIV/AIDS in the People's Republic of China...	activist	2007	inciting subversion of state power Inciting subversion of state power Inciting subversion of state power is a crime under the law of the People's Republic of China. It is article 105, paragraph 2 of the 1997 revision of the People's Republic of China's Penal Code....	3.5 years	arrested, imprisoned, and sentenced in 2008. expected release 2011
Huang Qi Huang Qi Huang Qi is a Chinese webmaster and human rights activist. He is the co-founder of Tianwang Center for Missing Persons , along with his wife Zeng Li...	webmaster, anti-human trafficking activist	2000	inciting subversion Inciting subversion of state power Inciting subversion of state power is a crime under the law of the People's Republic of China. It is article 105, paragraph 2 of the 1997 revision of the People's Republic of China's Penal Code....	5 years	sentenced 2003. accused of violating articles 103, 105, 55 and 56. released 2005.
	webmaster, anti-human trafficking activist	2008	illegal possession of state secrets	3 years	sentenced 2009. Arrested after essay regarding the Sichuan Earthquake
Jiang Lijun Jiang Lijun Jiang Lijun is a Chinese freelance writer. He has been detained by the Chinese government since November 2002 for posting articles on the Internet which the government considered subversive...	writer	2002	Inciting subversion of the state power Inciting subversion of state power Inciting subversion of state power is a crime under the law of the People's Republic of China. It is article 105, paragraph 2 of the 1997 revision of the People's Republic of China's Penal Code....	4 years	sentenced 2003. arrested for "Internet writing and publishing dissident articles". also sentenced to 'deprivation of political rights' for 1 year.
Jiang Yanyong Jiang Yanyong Jiang Yanyong is a Chinese physician from Beijing who publicized a coverup of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome epidemic in China. Jiang was the chief physician of the 301 Military Hospital in Beijing a senior member of the Communist Party of China.-Introduction:In 1989, Dr. Jiang was the...	doctor	2004			Detained and released in 2004. broke story on SARS epidemic. wrote critical letter regarding Tiananmen.
Li Hai Li Hai Li Hai is a Chinese dissident. He was a philosophy student at Peking University at the time of the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989. In May 1990 he was first arrested for his role in the Tiananmen protests, and later expelled from Peking University. In 1995 Li was one of 56 signatories to a...	student	1994		9 years	sentenced in 1995. released 2004
Li Zhi Li Zhi (dissident) Li Zhi was sentenced to eight years imprisonment in December 2003 in the People's Republic of China for trying to join the Democracy Party of China, which is a banned organization in communist China, and for criticizing corruption...	civil servant	2003	inciting subversion Inciting subversion of state power Inciting subversion of state power is a crime under the law of the People's Republic of China. It is article 105, paragraph 2 of the 1997 revision of the People's Republic of China's Penal Code....	8 years	sentenced 2003. Yahoo! Yahoo! Yahoo! Inc. is an American multinational internet corporation headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, United States. The company is perhaps best known for its web portal, search engine , Yahoo! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Groups, Yahoo! Answers, advertising, online mapping ,... helped the government against him. expected release in 2011
Liu Di Liu Di Liu Di , writing under the screen name "Stainless Steel Rat" , named after the assertive Harry Harrison SF character, became a high-profile symbol for democracy and free speech in China since her detention in November 2002...	student	2002			released in 2003
Liu Xiaobo Liu Xiaobo Liu Xiaobo is a Chinese literary critic, writer, professor, and human rights activist who called for political reforms and the end of communist single-party rule in China...	professor of literature	2008	inciting subversion of state power Inciting subversion of state power Inciting subversion of state power is a crime under the law of the People's Republic of China. It is article 105, paragraph 2 of the 1997 revision of the People's Republic of China's Penal Code....	11 years	sentenced 2009. expected release 2020. recipient of the 2010 Nobel Peace Prize Nobel Peace Prize The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes bequeathed by the Swedish industrialist and inventor Alfred Nobel.-Background:According to Nobel's will, the Peace Prize shall be awarded to the person who...
Lü Jiamin Lu Jiamin Lü Jiamin is a Chinese writer, most famous for his best-selling 2004 novel Wolf Totem, which he wrote under the pseudonym Jiang Rong. He is married to fellow novelist Zhang Kangkang.-Early life:...	writer	1989			released 1991
Shi Tao Shi Tao Shi Tao is a mainland Chinese journalist, writer and poet, who in 2005 was sentenced to imprisonment for 10 years for releasing a document of the Communist Party to an overseas Chinese democracy site after Yahoo! China provided his personal details to the Chinese government.-Brief history:Shi Tao...	journalist, writer, poet	2004	illegally supplying state secrets to overseas organizations	10 years	sentenced 2005. Yahoo! Yahoo! Yahoo! Inc. is an American multinational internet corporation headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, United States. The company is perhaps best known for its web portal, search engine , Yahoo! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Groups, Yahoo! Answers, advertising, online mapping ,... helped the government against him. Expected release 2014.
Tan Zuoren Tan Zuoren Tan Zuoren , from Chengdu, Sichuan province, People's Republic of China, is an environmentalist, writer and former editor of Literati magazine .On February 9, 2010...	writer	2008		3 years	sentenced 2009
	writer	2010	subversion of state power	5 years	sentenced 2010
Wang Dan	professor of history	1989	Tiananmen activities	4 years	sentenced 1991. released on parole in 1993
Wang Dan	professor of history	1995		11 years	sentenced 1996. released on medical parole to U.S. in 1998; currently in Taiwan.
Wang Xiaoning Wang Xiaoning Wang Xiaoning is a Chinese dissident from Shenyang who was arrested by authorities of the People's Republic of China for publishing controversial material online using his Yahoo! email account....	engineer	2002	incitement to subvert state power Inciting subversion of state power Inciting subversion of state power is a crime under the law of the People's Republic of China. It is article 105, paragraph 2 of the 1997 revision of the People's Republic of China's Penal Code....	10 years	sentenced 2003. Yahoo! Yahoo! Yahoo! Inc. is an American multinational internet corporation headquartered in Sunnyvale, California, United States. The company is perhaps best known for its web portal, search engine , Yahoo! Directory, Yahoo! Mail, Yahoo! News, Yahoo! Groups, Yahoo! Answers, advertising, online mapping ,... helped the government against him. expected release 2012
Wang Bingzhang Wang Bingzhang Wang Bingzhang is a political activist and founder of two Chinese pro-democracy movements. He is considered a political prisoner of China.-Biography:...	doctor	2002	spying, terrorism	life Life imprisonment Life imprisonment is a sentence of imprisonment for a serious crime under which the convicted person is to remain in jail for the rest of his or her life...	sentenced 2003
Wang Youcai Wang Youcai Wang Youcai , an active dissident of the Chinese democracy movement, was one of the student leaders in the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989...		1989
		~1998	subversion	11 years	released and exiled in 2004; currently in the United States
Wei Jingsheng Wei Jingsheng Wei Jingsheng is a Chinese activist known for his involvement in the Chinese democracy movement, most prominent for authoring the document Fifth Modernization on the "Democracy Wall" in Beijing in 1978. He is generally known for getting arrested and spending 15 years in prison due to the document...	electrician	1979	passing military secrets	15 years	released and jailed again in 1993; released for "medical reasons" and deported to the US in 1997.
Yuan Hongbing Yuan Hongbing Yuan Hongbing is an ethnic Mongolian jurist, novelist, and dissident from China.-Biography:Yuan was born in Hohhot, Inner Mongolia. He graduated from Beijing University with a masters degree in criminal procedure in 1986 and went on to head the School of Criminal Procedural law at Beijing...	jurist, writer	1994			Detained and forced to leave Beijing in 1994; travelled to and sought political asylum in Australia in 2004.
Zhao Changqing Zhao Changqing Zhao Changqing, a history teacher and political activist in the People’s Republic of China.-Biography:Zhao hails from a small village in Shaanxi province, China...	teacher of history	1989	Tiananmen activities		released after about 1/2 year
		1998	workers rights activity	3 years
		2002	attempted subversion of state power	5 years	sentenced 2003.
Zeng Jinyan Zeng Jinyan Zeng Jinyan , is a Chinese blogger and human rights activist. The wife of AIDS and environmental activist Hu Jia, Zeng became famous for a blog she had maintained throughout the disappearance of her husband, which was believed to be the working of China's secret police...	blogger	2006	suspected of harming state security		Under house arrest House arrest In justice and law, house arrest is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to his or her residence. Travel is usually restricted, if allowed at all... with husband Hu Jia Hu Jia (activist) Hu Jia is an activist and dissident in the People's Republic of China. His work has focused on the Chinese democracy movement, Chinese environmentalist movement, and HIV/AIDS in the People's Republic of China... from August 2006 - March 2007; currently under house arrest House arrest In justice and law, house arrest is a measure by which a person is confined by the authorities to his or her residence. Travel is usually restricted, if allowed at all... again, since May 2007.
Cheng Jianping Cheng Jianping Cheng Jianping also known as Wang Yi is a 46-year old Chinese political dissident and human rights activist who was sentenced in November 2010 to a year of re-education through labor after she posted comments to her Twitter account saying, "Charge, angry youth!"The remarks were made while China and...	online activist	2010	disturbing social order	1 year	reeducation through labor Reeducation through labor Re-education through labor , abbreviated is a system of administrative detentions in the People's Republic of China which is generally used to detain persons for minor crimes such as petty theft, prostitution, and trafficking illegal drugs, as well as religious or political dissidents such as... for a sarcastic post on twitter Twitter Twitter is an online social networking and microblogging service that enables its users to send and read text-based posts of up to 140 characters, informally known as "tweets".Twitter was created in March 2006 by Jack Dorsey and launched that July...
Ai Weiwei Ai Weiwei Ai Weiwei is a Chinese contemporary artist, active in sculpture, installation, architecture, curating, photography, film, and social, political and cultural criticism. Ai collaborated with Swiss architects Herzog & de Meuron as the artistic consultant on the Beijing National Stadium for the 2008...	artist and activist	2011	alleged economic crimes		detained for 80 days from April 3 to 22 June, 2011

Chinese Government blacklist

The Chinese government has many blacklists. One of them was reported in the South China Morning Post on January 8, 1995 and forms the basis of this list:

To be arrested on entry to China

Yan Jiaqi
Yan Jiaqi
Yan Jiaqi 嚴家其 is a Chinese political scientist, now a dissident and federalist.In 1959, he entered the University of Science and Technology of China, and then became the director of the Institute of Political Research of the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, where he published several essays and...

(born 1942). Former aide to ousted party chief Zhao Ziyang. Escaped from China after June 1989. In New York (as of 1995).
Chen Yizi (born 1940). Former director of the Chinese Research Institute for Reform of the Economic Structure in Beijing. Escaped after June 1989. In Princeton, New Jersey (as of 1995).
Wan Runnan (born 1946). Former chief executive officer of the Stone Computer Corp in Beijing. Escaped after June 1989. In France (as of 1995).
Su Xiaokang (born 1949). Writer, author of controversial TV series River Elegy
River Elegy
River Elegy was a six-part documentary shown on China Central Television in 1988 that announced the death of traditional Chinese culture.- Synopsis :...

. Escaped after June 1989. In Princeton, New Jersey (as of 1995).
Chai Ling
Chai Ling
Chai Ling was one of the student leaders in the Tian'anmen Square protests of 1989. Today she is Founder of All Girls Allowed, a humanitarian organization working to restore value to girls in China.-Education and protest:Chai Ling's parents were members of the Communist Party...

(born 1966). Former student leader who escaped to the US after June 1989. She studied for an MBA at Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...

, worked at Bain
Bain
- Geography :* River Bain in Lincolnshire, England* River Bain, North Yorkshire, England* Bain, alternate name of Ben, Iran, a city- Businesses :* Bain & Company, management consulting firm headquartered in Boston, Massachusetts...

and started a software company. On June 4, 2009 she announced a one-million-dollar humanitarian effort to help the victims of the Tiananmen massacre.
Liang Qingtun (born 1969). Former student leader who escaped after June 1989. In San Francisco (as of 1995) Believed to have changed his name to Jay Liang. Currently under investigation by FINRA for improper security transactions. Believed to have fled from the United States. See Finra.org .
Feng Congde
Feng Congde
Feng Congde is a Chinese dissident. He was a student leader in the 1989 Tiananmen Square Protests. He was on the Chinese Government's list of the 21 most wanted leaders of the protests....

(born 1967). Former student leader who escaped after June 1989. In France (as of 1995).
Wang Chaohua
Chaohua Wang
Chaohua Wang is a freelance essayist and researcher, with a Ph.D. in modern Chinese literature from the University of California, Los Angeles....

(born 1952). Former student leader who escaped after June 1989. Studying in Los Angeles (as of 1995).
Zhang Zhiqing (born 1964). Former student leader, still on Beijing's most wanted list. Whereabouts unknown since June 1989 (as of 1995).
Zhang Boli
Zhang Boli
Zhang Boli is a Chinese dissident.-Biography:Zhang Boli was born in Wangkui County, Heilongjiang Province. He worked as a journalist after graduating from a three-year college in Heilongjiang Province...

(born 1959). Former student leader who escaped after June 1989. He is currently (2008) a pastor in the Washington DC area and leads a church called "Harvest Chinese Christian Church" in Fairfax, Virginia
Li Lu
Li Lu
Li Lu is a Chinese-American investment banker and fund manager. He is the founder and Chairman of Himalaya Capital Management...

(born 1966). Former student leader who escaped after June 1989. Studying at Columbia University
Columbia University
Columbia University in the City of New York is a private, Ivy League university in Manhattan, New York City. Columbia is the oldest institution of higher learning in the state of New York, the fifth oldest in the United States, and one of the country's nine Colonial Colleges founded before the...

and became an investment banker and venture capitalist. He re-entered Shenzhen
Shenzhen
Shenzhen is a major city in the south of Southern China's Guangdong Province, situated immediately north of Hong Kong. The area became China's first—and one of the most successful—Special Economic Zones...

as part of Warren Buffet's entourage during a visit to China in 2010.
Yue Wu (born 1946). Former factory director in Shanxi, China. Involved with organising workers during the 1989 movement. In France (as of 1995).
Zhang Gang (born 1949). Former deputy director of public relations at the Chinese Research Institute for Reform of the Economic Structure. Escaped after June 1989. In New York (as of 1995).
Yuan Zhiming (born 1955). Writer. Escaped after June 1989. In Mississippi (as of 1995).
Wang Runsheng (born 1955). Former researcher with the Institute of Politics at the Chinese Academy of Social Sciences. Escaped after June 1989. In France (as of 1995).
Chen Xuanliang (born 1947). Former teacher of philosophy at the Chinese College of Politics. Escaped after June 1989. In France (as of 1995).
Zheng Yi (born 1949). Writer. In hiding for three years after June 1989. Escaped in 1992. In Princeton, New Jersey (as of 1995).
Lu Jinghua (born 1962). Former merchant who became involved in the Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation
Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation
The Beijing Workers’ Autonomous Federation or Beijing Workers’ Autonomous Union was the main organization of workers calling for political change during the Tiananmen Square protests of April, May, and June 1989...

in 1989. In New York (as of 1995). Attempted to return to Beijing in June 1993 but was refused entry and sent back to US (as of 1995).
Robert Wu (born 1986). Law student at Monash University
Monash University
Monash University is a public university based in Melbourne, Victoria. It was founded in 1958 and is the second oldest university in the state. Monash is a member of Australia's Group of Eight and the ASAIHL....

, Melbourne, Australia, who wrote a letter to the Chinese president demanding more human rights for Chinese citizens. Wu was named in the 2008 list of Beijing's Dissident Blacklist
Blacklist
A blacklist is a list or register of entities who, for one reason or another, are being denied a particular privilege, service, mobility, access or recognition. As a verb, to blacklist can mean to deny someone work in a particular field, or to ostracize a person from a certain social circle...

by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
Central Committee of the Communist Party of China
The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China is the highest authority within the Communist Party of China. Its approximately 350 members and alternates are selected once every five years by the National Party Congress....

and is liable to 12 years imprisonment under Chinese law
Chinese law
Chinese law is one of the oldest legal traditions in the world. In the 20th and 21st century, law in China has been a complex mix of traditional Chinese approaches and Western influences....

.

To be refused re-entry to China

Wang Bingzhang
Wang Bingzhang
Wang Bingzhang is a political activist and founder of two Chinese pro-democracy movements. He is considered a political prisoner of China.-Biography:...

(born 1947). Studied medicine in Canada from 1981, where he established China Spring, the first overseas pro-democracy Chinese magazine. Founded the Chinese Alliance for Democracy in 1984. In 2002, he was abducted by Chinese secret agents in Vietnam
Vietnam
Vietnam – sometimes spelled Viet Nam , officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam – is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest, Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea –...

and is currently in prison in Guangdong
Guangdong
Guangdong is a province on the South China Sea coast of the People's Republic of China. The province was previously often written with the alternative English name Kwangtung Province...

, China (as of 2009).
Hu Ping (born 1947). Activist in the Beijing Democracy Wall Movement in 1979, former president of the Chinese Alliance for Democracy. Went to the USA in 1986. In New York (as of 1995).
Xu Bangtai (born 1949). Former Shanghai student. Went to the USA in 1984 to study journalism. Chair of the Alliance for a Democratic China. In San Francisco (as of 1995).
Han Lianchao (born 1951). Former officer of the Chinese Foreign Ministry. Was a congressional assistant in Washington as of 1995.
Cao Changqing (born 1953). Former deputy editor-in-chief of Shenzhen Youth News. Lost his job in 1987 after publishing an article calling on Deng Xiaoping to retire. In New York (as of 1995).
Liu Yongchuan, Alex (born 1959). Went to the USA in 1986. Founding president of the Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars
Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars
The Independent Federation of Chinese Students and Scholars was founded on August 1, 1989, when over 1000 Chinese student representatives from more than 200 major U.S. universities held their First Congress of Chinese Students and Scholars in USA at the University of Illinois at Chicago and...

in USA. Became a well-known measurement expert based in Los Angeles, and a known thinker of spiritual capital
Spiritual capital
Spiritual capital is a concept that involves the quantification of the value to individuals, groups and society of spiritual, moral or psychological beliefs and practices. Proponents liken it to other forms of capital, including material capital , intellectual capital, and social capital...

.
Liu Binyan
Liu Binyan
Liu Binyan was a Chinese author and journalist, as well as a political dissident.Many of the events in Liu's life are recounted in his memoir, A Higher Kind of Loyalty.-Early life:...

(1925–2005). Author and journalist for the People's Daily. Later, published monthly newsletter China Forum, from the USA.
Han Dongfang
Han Dongfang
Han Dongfang has been an advocate for workers' rights in China for more than two decades during which time he has won numerous international awards including the 1993 Democracy Award from the U.S...

(born 1963). Former leader of the Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation. Imprisoned for two years following the 1989 crackdown. Went to the US for medical treatment in 1992. Returned to China in August 1993 but was deported to Hong Kong. Founded China Labour Bulletin
China Labour Bulletin
China Labour Bulletin is a non-governmental organization that promotes and defends workers’ rights in the People’s Republic of China. It is based in Hong Kong and was founded in 1994 by labour activist Han Dongfang...

in 1994. Now residing in Hong Kong.
Tang Baiqiao
Tang Baiqiao
Tang Baiqiao is a Chinese political dissident from Hunan province who led student protests during the 1989 democracy movement. After the incident at Tiananmen Square, Tang fled from agents of the Communist Party of China who eventually arrested him in the city of Jiangmen. He was charged with...

(born 1967). Former leader of the Hunan Students' Autonomous Federation. Imprisoned for two years following the 1989 crackdown. He fled to Hong Kong in 1992, and then the U.S. Now residing in New York City where he has been active in the overseas China democracy movement. He has tried to return to China several times, but the government will not grant him a visa.
Xiong Yan
Xiong Yan
Xiong Yan is a Chinese dissident who served as a chaplain in U.S. Army in Iraq. Currently, he serves as a U.S. Army chaplain at the Warrant Officer Career College at Fort Rucker, Alabama. He joined the Chinese Communist Party in 1985 and formally withdrew his membership from the CCP on June 4,...

(born 1964). Former student leader. Arrested in Beijing and served two years in jail before leaving China in 1992. Joined US Army. Chair of the Chinese Freedom and Democracy Party. Still active in overseas China democracy movement (as of 2005). He successfully re-entered Hong Kong in 2009.
Wu'er Kaixi (born 1968). Former student leader who escaped to France
France
The French Republic , The French Republic , The French Republic , (commonly known as France , is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe with several overseas territories and islands located on other continents and in the Indian, Pacific, and Atlantic oceans. Metropolitan France...

after June 1989. He then studied at Harvard University
Harvard University
Harvard University is a private Ivy League university located in Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States, established in 1636 by the Massachusetts legislature. Harvard is the oldest institution of higher learning in the United States and the first corporation chartered in the country...

and now lives in Taiwan
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...

(as of 2009). He has been refused entry visas into China in June 2009 (Macau) and June 2010 (Tokyo).
Zhao Pinlu (born 1956). Involved in Beijing Workers' Autonomous Federation in 1989. Escaped and was based in New York in 1995. Chair of the International Chinese Workers Union.
Cheng Kai (born 1946). Former editor-in-chief of Hainan Daily. Left China in 1989. In 1995 was doing business in Hong Kong and had made several trips to China over the previous two years. Blacklisted on August 21, 1993.
Feng Zhenghu
Feng Zhenghu
Feng Zhenghu is a Chinese economist and scholar based in Shanghai. Citing Amnesty International, The Guardian said that Feng was "a prominent human rights defender" in China. In 2001 he was sent to prison for three years ostensibly for "illegal business activity"...

(born 1954). Economist and scholar based in Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai is the largest city by population in China and the largest city proper in the world. It is one of the four province-level municipalities in the People's Republic of China, with a total population of over 23 million as of 2010...

. Refused entry to China eight times in 2009 and remains at Narita International Airport
Narita International Airport
is an international airport serving the Greater Tokyo Area of Japan. It is located east of Tokyo Station and east-southeast of Narita Station in the city of Narita, and the adjacent town of Shibayama....

in Japan
Japan
Japan is an island nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south...

. On 12 February 2010, he successfully re-entered China.

To be dealt with "according to circumstances of the situation"

Fang Lizhi
Fang Lizhi
Fang Lizhi is a professor of astrophysics and former vice-president of the University of Science and Technology of China whose liberal ideas inspired the pro-democracy student movement of 1986-87 and, finally, the Tiananmen Square protests of 1989...

(born 1936). Former vice-president of University of Science and Technology of China. Arrived in the US after a year-long refuge in the US Embassy in Beijing. He is now a professor of physics at the University of Arizona
University of Arizona
The University of Arizona is a land-grant and space-grant public institution of higher education and research located in Tucson, Arizona, United States. The University of Arizona was the first university in the state of Arizona, founded in 1885...

(as of 2009).
Li Shuxian (born 1935). Wife of Fang Lizhi and former professor of physics at Beijing University (as of 1995).
Yu Dahai (born 1961). Went to the USA in 1982 to study physics at Princeton. Was acting editor-in-chief of the journal Beijing Spring in New Jersey (as of 1995).
Wu Fan
Wu Fan
Wu Fan is a Chinese artist from Chongqing in Sichuan province. He studied guohua with Pan Tianshou and Li Keran and oil painting with Ni Yide. He is most famous as a woodblock print artist...

(born 1938). Former teacher in Anhui University. Was working in San Francisco (as of 1995). Chairman of the Board of the Alliance for a Democratic China.
Ni Yuxian (born 1945). Democracy Wall activist. Secretary general of the Chinese Freedom and Democracy Party. Attempted to return to China in 1992 but was refused entry. In New York (as of 1995).
Yao Yueqian (born 1938). Lives in Tokyo (as of 1995).
Tang Guangzhong (born 1949). Teacher in US (as of 1995).
Guo Luoji (born 1932), professor of Beijing University, punished for criticising the conviction of Wei Jingsheng in 1979, protested closing of the Democracy Wall, afterwards sent to Nanjing University with no permission to teach. Became a scholar at Columbia University (as of 1995).
Harry Wu
Harry Wu
Harry Wu is an activist for human rights in the People's Republic of China. Now a resident and citizen of the United States, Wu spent 19 years in Chinese labor camps. In 1992, he founded the Laogai Research Foundation. In 1996 the Columbia Human Rights Law Review awarded Wu its second Award for...

(born 1937). Went to US in 1985 as a visiting scholar at Stanford University. Became executive director of the Laogai Foundation in California and a US citizen. In November 2008, Wu opened the Laogai Museum
Laogai Museum
The Laogai Museum is a museum in Washington, D.C. which showcases human rights in the People's Republic of China, focusing particularly on the laogai, the Chinese prison system. The creation of the museum was spearheaded by Harry Wu, a well-known Chinese dissident who himself served 19 years in...

in Washington, DC
Washington, D.C.
Washington, D.C., formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, "the District", or simply D.C., is the capital of the United States. On July 16, 1790, the United States Congress approved the creation of a permanent national capital as permitted by the U.S. Constitution....

, calling it the first ever United States museum to directly address human rights in China.
Shen Tong
Shen Tong
Shen Tong is a Chinese dissident who was one of the student leaders in the democracy movement at Tiananmen Square in 1989 One of the People of the Year by Newsweek 1989, Shen Tong became a media and software entrepreneur in late 1990s...

(born 1968). Former student leader who went to US after June 1989. Returned to China in August 1992, arrested in Beijing and deported to the US. Studied at Boston University
Boston University
Boston University is a private research university located in Boston, Massachusetts. With more than 4,000 faculty members and more than 31,000 students, Boston University is one of the largest private universities in the United States and one of Boston's largest employers...

and founded software company VFinity
VFinity
VFinity is a privately held software company based in New York City. It was founded by former Chinese democracy leader Shen Tong in 2004, with a consulting and software customization company Wan Net Technology founded in 2000 as its predecessor....

. Chair of the China Democracy Fund.
Wang Ruowang
Wang Ruowang
Wang Ruowang , born as Shouhua but more popularly known from his pen name Ruowang, was a Chinese author and dissident who was imprisoned various times for political reasons by both the Kuomintang and the Communist government of China...

(1918–2001). Writer and human rights activist from Shanghai. Imprisoned for a year after June 1989. Moved to the US in 1992. Was Convenor-general of the Co-ordinating Committee of the Chinese Democratic Movement.
Feng Suying (also known as Yang Zi
Yang Zi
Yang Zi is a table tennis player representing Singapore.Yang Zi began his table tennis in 2004 when he first participated in the ITTF Pro Tour. He has represented Singapore in many major events such as 15th Asian Games, 18th Commonwealth Games and 23rd SEA Games...

) (born 1938). Engineer and human rights activist. In New York (as of 1995).
Liu Qing (born 1948). Imprisoned for almost 11 years after the Democracy Wall Movement of 1979. Arrived in the US in July 1992. Chair of New York-based Human Rights in China (as of 1995).
Xue Wei (born 1943). Went to the US in 1980. Was a business manager for Beijing Spring (as of 1995).
Chen Jun (born 1958). Former democracy activist in Beijing. Deported in April 1989.
Yang Jianli
Yang Jianli
Yang Jianli is a Chinese dissident with United States residency.Yang, a Tiananmen Square activist in 1989, came to the United States, earned two Ph.D.s , and then founded the Foundation for China in the 21st Century...

(born 1950 or 1963). Went to the US as a student in 1982. At Harvard University; Vice-chair of the Alliance for a Democratic China (as of 1995) and/or founder of the Foundation for China in the 21st Century.
Zhao Haiqing (born 1956). Went to the US in 1982 to study at the University of Pennsylvania. Former president of IFCSS. Working in Washington; Chair of the National Council of Chinese Affairs (as of 1995).
Zhu Jiaming (born 1950). Economist. Former deputy director of the International Policy Institute of the Zhongxing Investment Company. Became a visiting scholar at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (as of 1995).
Xu Jiatun (born 1916). Former director of the Hong Kong bureau of Xinhua. Defected to the US after the 1989 crackdown. In Los Angeles (as of 1995).

Others

Gao Xingjian
Gao Xingjian
Gao Xingjian is a Chinese-born novelist, playwright, critic, and painter. An émigré to France since 1987, Gao was granted French citizenship in 1997...

(born 1940). Recipient of the 2000 Nobel Prize in Literature
Nobel Prize in Literature
Since 1901, the Nobel Prize in Literature has been awarded annually to an author from any country who has, in the words from the will of Alfred Nobel, produced "in the field of literature the most outstanding work in an ideal direction"...
Jiao Guobiao
Jiao Guobiao
Jiao Guobiao was formerly an associate professor at Peking University's College of Journalism and Communications until he was dismissed. A prominent journalist at Chinese Cultural Newspaper from 1996 to 2001, he has published widely on issues of journalism in China...

(born 1963). Former professor of Peking University
Peking University
Peking University , colloquially known in Chinese as Beida , is a major research university located in Beijing, China, and a member of the C9 League. It is the first established modern national university of China. It was founded as Imperial University of Peking in 1898 as a replacement of the...

and the author of Denouncing the Central Propaganda Department (of the Communist Party of China)
Li Zehou
Li Zehou
Li Zehou is a Chinese scholar of philosophy and intellectual history, currently residing in the United States. He is considered one of the important modern scholars of Chinese history and culture. As a result of his criticism of the Chinese government's response to the Tiananmen Square protests of...

(born 1930). Scholar of philosophy and intellectual history.
Yu Jie
Yu Jie
Yu Jie , he is a writer and vice-president of the Independent Chinese PEN Center , coming from Chengdu, Sichuan, China. He is actively participating in China's human rights activities, and openly expresses his own views related.-Biography:...

(born 1973). Dissident writer.

External links

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