List of MeSH codes (E01)
Encyclopedia
The following is a list of the "E01" codes for MeSH
. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine
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Source for content is here. (File "2006 MeSH Trees".)
--- radiographic image interpretation, computer-assisted
--- radiographic image interpretation, computer-assisted --- tomography, emission-computed --- positron-emission tomography --- tomography, emission-computed, single-photon --- tomography, x-ray computed --- colonography, computed tomographic --- tomography, spiral computed --- imaging, three-dimensional --- echocardiography, three-dimensional --- echocardiography, four-dimensional --- holography
--- magnetic resonance imaging
--- cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance --- diffusion magnetic resonance imaging --- echo-planar imaging --- magnetic resonance angiography
--- magnetic resonance imaging, cine --- microscopy
--- dermoscopy --- microscopy, acoustic --- microscopy, confocal --- laser scanning cytometry --- microscopy, electron --- cryoelectron microscopy --- electron probe microanalysis --- microscopy, electron, scanning --- microscopy, electron, transmission --- microscopy, electron, scanning transmission --- microscopy, energy-filtering transmission electron --- microscopy, immunoelectron --- microscopy, fluorescence --- microscopy, fluorescence, multiphoton --- microscopy, interference --- microscopy, phase-contrast --- microscopy, polarization --- microscopy, scanning probe --- microscopy, atomic force --- microscopy, scanning tunneling --- microscopy, ultraviolet --- microscopy, video --- photomicrography --- photography
--- holography
--- image enhancement --- radiographic image enhancement --- angiography, digital subtraction --- radiography, dental, digital --- radiography, dual-energy scanned projection --- tomography, x-ray computed --- colonography, computed tomographic --- tomography, spiral computed --- tomography, emission-computed --- positron-emission tomography --- tomography, emission-computed, single-photon --- photofluorography
--- photogrammetry
--- moire topography --- photography, dental --- photomicrography --- radiography
--- age determination by skeleton --- angiography --- angiocardiography
--- angiography, digital subtraction --- aortography
--- cerebral angiography
--- cineangiography --- coronary angiography --- phlebography --- portography
--- arthrography --- cineradiography --- cineangiography --- densitometry, x-ray --- electrokymography --- fluoroscopy
--- photofluorography
--- hysterosalpingography
--- lymphography --- mammography
--- xeromammography
--- microradiography --- neuroradiography --- cerebral angiography
--- cerebral ventriculography
--- echoencephalography
--- ultrasonography, doppler, transcranial --- myelography
--- pneumoencephalography
--- pneumoradiography --- pneumoencephalography
--- radiographic image enhancement --- angiography, digital subtraction --- radiography, dental, digital --- radiography, dual-energy scanned projection --- tomography, x-ray computed --- colonography, computed tomographic --- tomography, spiral computed --- radiographic image interpretation, computer-assisted --- radiographic magnification --- radiography, abdominal --- cholangiography
--- cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde --- cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance --- cholecystography
--- defecography --- portography
--- radiography, dental --- age determination by teeth --- radiography, bitewing --- radiography, dental, digital --- radiography, panoramic --- sialography
--- radiography, interventional --- radiography, thoracic --- bronchography
--- mass chest x-ray --- tomography, x-ray --- tomography, x-ray computed --- colonography, computed tomographic --- tomography, spiral computed --- urography --- xeroradiography
--- xeromammography
--- radionuclide imaging --- absorptiometry, photon --- radioimmunodetection --- radionuclide angiography
--- radioisotope renography --- radionuclide ventriculography
--- gated blood-pool imaging --- ventriculography, first-pass --- tomography, emission-computed --- positron-emission tomography --- tomography, emission-computed, single-photon --- spectroscopy, near-infrared --- stroboscopy --- subtraction technique --- angiography, digital subtraction --- radiography, dual-energy scanned projection --- thermography
--- tomography
--- magnetic resonance imaging
--- cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance --- diffusion magnetic resonance imaging --- echo-planar imaging --- magnetic resonance angiography
--- magnetic resonance imaging, cine --- tomography, emission-computed --- positron-emission tomography --- tomography, emission-computed, single-photon --- tomography, optical --- tomography, optical coherence --- tomography, x-ray --- tomography, x-ray computed --- tomography, spiral computed --- transillumination
--- ultrasonography --- echocardiography
--- echocardiography, doppler --- echocardiography, doppler, color --- echocardiography, doppler, pulsed --- echocardiography, stress --- echocardiography, three-dimensional --- echocardiography, four-dimensional --- echocardiography, transesophageal --- echoencephalography
--- ultrasonography, doppler, transcranial --- endosonography
--- microscopy, acoustic --- ultrasonography, doppler --- echocardiography, doppler --- echocardiography, doppler, color --- echocardiography, doppler, pulsed --- ultrasonography, doppler, duplex --- ultrasonography, doppler, color --- echocardiography, doppler, color --- ultrasonography, doppler, pulsed --- echocardiography, doppler, pulsed --- ultrasonography, doppler, transcranial --- ultrasonography, interventional --- ultrasonography, mammary --- ultrasonography, prenatal --- nuchal translucency measurement --- whole body imaging
--- angiography, digital subtraction --- aortography
--- cerebral angiography
--- cineangiography --- coronary angiography --- fluorescein angiography
--- magnetic resonance angiography
--- phlebography --- portography
--- radionuclide angiography
--- radionuclide ventriculography
--- gated blood-pool imaging --- ventriculography, first-pass --- angioscopy
--- blood circulation time --- blood flow velocity --- blood pressure determination --- blood pressure monitoring, ambulatory --- blood volume determination --- capillary fragility --- heart function tests --- angiocardiography
--- ballistocardiography
--- cardiac output
--- stroke volume
--- cardiography, impedance --- cardiotocography
--- coronary angiography --- echocardiography
--- echocardiography, doppler --- echocardiography, doppler, color --- echocardiography, doppler, pulsed --- echocardiography, stress --- echocardiography, three-dimensional --- echocardiography, four-dimensional --- echocardiography, transesophageal --- electrocardiography --- body surface potential mapping --- electrocardiography, ambulatory --- vectorcardiography
--- body surface potential mapping --- electrophysiologic techniques, cardiac --- exercise test --- heart auscultation --- phonocardiography --- heart catheterization --- catheter ablation
--- catheterization, swan-ganz --- kinetocardiography --- oximetry --- blood gas monitoring, transcutaneous --- pulse
--- radionuclide ventriculography
--- gated blood-pool imaging --- ventriculography, first-pass --- valsalva maneuver
--- laser-doppler flowmetry --- microscopic angioscopy --- plethysmography --- photoplethysmography --- plethysmography, impedance --- cardiography, impedance --- tilt-table test
--- cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde --- cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance --- cholecystography
--- colonography, computed tomographic --- endoscopy, digestive system --- cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde --- endoscopy, gastrointestinal --- colonoscopy
--- sigmoidoscopy
--- duodenoscopy --- gastroscopy --- proctoscopy
--- esophagoscopy --- esophageal ph monitoring
--- gastric acidity determination --- gastrointestinal transit --- lactose tolerance test --- liver function tests
--- pancreatic function tests --- portography
--- sialography
--- ovarian function tests --- pituitary-adrenal function tests --- pituitary function tests --- radioligand assay --- thyroid function tests
--- basal metabolism
--- alpha rhythm --- beta rhythm --- cortical synchronization --- delta rhythm --- theta rhythm
--- magnetoencephalography
--- neurologic examination --- pain measurement --- reflex
--- reflex, abdominal --- reflex, abnormal --- reflex, babinski --- reflex, acoustic --- reflex, pupillary --- reflex, stretch --- startle reaction
--- neuroradiography --- cerebral angiography
--- cerebral ventriculography
--- echoencephalography
--- ultrasonography, doppler, transcranial --- myelography
--- pneumoencephalography
--- spinal puncture --- transcranial magnetic stimulation
--- culdoscopy
--- fallopian tube patency tests --- fetal monitoring --- cardiotocography
--- hysterosalpingography
--- hysteroscopy
--- ovarian function tests --- ovulation detection --- ovulation prediction --- pelvimetry
--- placental function tests --- pregnancy tests --- pregnancy tests, immunologic --- preimplantation diagnosis --- prenatal diagnosis
--- amniocentesis
--- chorionic villi sampling --- fetoscopy
--- ultrasonography, prenatal --- nuchal translucency measurement --- ultrasonography, mammary --- uterine monitoring --- vaginal smears
--- electroretinography
--- eye movements
--- electronystagmography
--- electrooculography
--- flicker fusion --- fluorescein angiography
--- fluorophotometry --- gonioscopy
--- ophthalmodynamometry --- ophthalmoscopy
--- retinoscopy
--- tonometry, ocular --- vision tests --- color perception tests --- perimetry
--- refraction, ocular --- vision screening
--- audiometry, evoked response --- audiometry, pure-tone --- audiometry, speech --- speech discrimination tests --- speech reception threshold test --- dichotic listening tests --- recruitment detection (audiology) --- otoscopy --- vestibular function tests --- caloric tests --- electronystagmography
--- radioisotope dilution technique --- radioligand assay --- radionuclide imaging --- absorptiometry, photon --- radioimmunodetection --- radionuclide angiography
--- radioisotope renography --- radionuclide ventriculography
--- gated blood-pool imaging --- ventriculography, first-pass --- tomography, emission-computed --- positron-emission tomography --- tomography, emission-computed, single-photon --- schilling test
--- bronchoscopy
--- laryngoscopy
--- mass chest x-ray --- mucociliary clearance
--- nasal provocation tests --- respiratory function tests --- airway resistance
--- blood gas analysis --- oximetry --- blood gas monitoring, transcutaneous --- bronchial provocation tests --- capnography
--- exercise test --- lung compliance --- lung volume measurements --- total lung capacity --- closing volume --- functional residual capacity
--- expiratory reserve volume --- residual volume --- vital capacity
--- expiratory reserve volume --- inspiratory capacity --- inspiratory reserve volume --- tidal volume
--- plethysmography, whole body --- pulmonary gas exchange --- pulmonary diffusing capacity --- ventilation-perfusion ratio --- pulmonary ventilation --- forced expiratory flow rates --- maximal expiratory flow rate --- maximal expiratory flow-volume curves --- maximal midexpiratory flow rate --- peak expiratory flow rate --- forced expiratory volume --- maximal voluntary ventilation --- spirometry
--- bronchospirometry --- valsalva maneuver
--- work of breathing --- respiratory sounds --- rhinomanometry
--- rhinometry, acoustic
--- biopsy, needle --- biopsy, fine-needle --- chorionic villi sampling --- conization --- sentinel lymph node biopsy --- endoscopy
--- angioscopy
--- arthroscopy
--- bronchoscopy
--- colposcopy
--- culdoscopy
--- cystoscopy
--- endoscopy, digestive system --- cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde --- endoscopy, gastrointestinal --- colonoscopy
--- sigmoidoscopy
--- duodenoscopy --- gastroscopy --- proctoscopy
--- esophagoscopy --- fetoscopy
--- hysteroscopy
--- laparoscopy
--- laryngoscopy
--- mediastinoscopy
--- neuroendoscopy --- thoracoscopy
--- thoracic surgery, video-assisted --- ureteroscopy
--- video-assisted surgery --- thoracic surgery, video-assisted --- pneumomediastinum, diagnostic --- pneumoperitoneum, artificial
--- kidney function tests --- blood urea nitrogen
--- glomerular filtration rate --- radioisotope renography --- nephrostomy, percutaneous --- ureteroscopy
--- urinalysis
--- urinary catheterization
--- urography
--- electrodiagnosis
--- electrocardiography --- body surface potential mapping --- electrocardiography, ambulatory --- vectorcardiography
--- body surface potential mapping --- electroencephalography
--- alpha rhythm --- beta rhythm --- cortical synchronization --- delta rhythm --- theta rhythm
--- electrokymography --- electromyography
--- electronystagmography
--- electrooculography
--- electrophysiologic techniques, cardiac --- electroretinography
--- plethysmography, impedance
--- fetal monitoring --- cardiotocography
--- monitoring, ambulatory --- blood pressure monitoring, ambulatory --- electrocardiography, ambulatory --- esophageal ph monitoring
--- monitoring, immunologic --- monitoring, intraoperative --- polysomnography
--- telemetry
--- uterine monitoring
--- physical examination
--- anthropometry
--- cephalometry
--- odontometry --- pelvimetry
--- apgar score
--- auscultation
--- heart auscultation --- blood pressure determination --- body constitution --- body weights and measures --- body fat distribution --- adiposity --- body mass index
--- body size --- body height --- body weight
--- birth weight
--- fetal weight --- overweight
--- obesity
--- obesity, morbid --- thinness --- body surface area
--- crown-rump length
--- organ size --- skinfold thickness --- waist-hip ratio --- somatotypes --- body temperature --- facial expression
--- facies
--- gait
--- hand strength
--- neurologic examination --- reflex
--- reflex, abdominal --- reflex, abnormal --- reflex, babinski --- reflex, acoustic --- reflex, pupillary --- reflex, stretch --- startle reaction
--- palpation
--- digital rectal examination --- percussion --- pigmentation --- skin pigmentation --- pulse
--- range of motion, articular --- self-examination --- breast self-examination
--- skin test end-point titration --- local lymph node assay --- passive cutaneous anaphylaxis --- patch tests --- tuberculin test
--- glucose clamp technique
--- glucose tolerance test
--- lactose tolerance test --- petrosal sinus sampling
--- enzyme tests --- esophageal ph monitoring
--- gastric acidity determination --- limulus test --- urinalysis
--- biopsy
--- biopsy, needle --- biopsy, fine-needle --- chorionic villi sampling --- conization --- sentinel lymph node biopsy --- chorionic villi sampling --- cytopathogenic effect, viral --- spinal puncture --- vaginal smears
--- prothrombin time
--- thrombelastography --- thrombin time --- whole blood coagulation time --- blood grouping and crossmatching --- blood sedimentation --- bone marrow examination --- erythrocyte aggregation
--- erythrocyte indices --- figlu test --- hematocrit
--- hemoglobinometry --- osmotic fragility
--- platelet function tests --- bleeding time
--- clot retraction
--- platelet count --- schilling test
--- immunoblotting --- blotting, western --- blotting, far-western --- immunoenzyme techniques --- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay --- enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique
--- immunosorbent techniques --- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay --- radioallergosorbent test --- radioimmunoprecipitation assay --- radioimmunosorbent test --- radioimmunoassay
--- immunoradiometric assay --- radioallergosorbent test --- radioimmunoprecipitation assay --- radioimmunosorbent test --- leukocyte adherence inhibition test --- monitoring, immunologic --- pregnancy tests, immunologic --- serologic tests --- agglutination tests --- hemagglutination tests --- coombs test
--- latex fixation tests --- aids serodiagnosis --- complement fixation tests --- complement hemolytic activity assay --- hemadsorption inhibition tests --- hemagglutination inhibition tests --- neutralization tests --- skin test end-point titration --- precipitin tests --- flocculation tests --- immunodiffusion
--- immunoelectrophoresis
--- counterimmunoelectrophoresis
--- immunoelectrophoresis, two-dimensional --- radioallergosorbent test --- radioimmunoprecipitation assay --- syphilis serodiagnosis --- fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test --- treponema immobilization test --- skin tests --- intradermal tests --- kveim test
--- skin test end-point titration --- local lymph node assay --- passive cutaneous anaphylaxis --- patch tests --- tuberculin test
--- biopsy, needle --- biopsy, fine-needle --- chorionic villi sampling --- conization --- sentinel lymph node biopsy --- dissection
--- microdissection
--- preservation, biological --- cryopreservation
--- freeze drying
--- freeze substitution --- refrigeration
--- tissue preservation --- blood preservation --- organ preservation --- semen preservation --- punctures --- biopsy, needle --- blood specimen collection --- cordocentesis --- petrosal sinus sampling --- phlebotomy
--- chorionic villi sampling --- paracentesis
--- pericardiocentesis
--- spinal puncture --- tissue and organ harvesting --- vaginal smears
Mesh
Mesh consists of semi-permeable barrier made of connected strands of metal, fiber, or other flexible/ductile material. Mesh is similar to web or net in that it has many attached or woven strands.-Types of mesh:...
. It is a product of the United States National Library of Medicine
United States National Library of Medicine
The United States National Library of Medicine , operated by the United States federal government, is the world's largest medical library. Located in Bethesda, Maryland, the NLM is a division of the National Institutes of Health...
.
Source for content is here. (File "2006 MeSH Trees".)
--- image interpretation, computer-assisted
--- neuronavigationNeuronavigation
The term neuronavigation is a neologism used to describe the set of computer-assisted technologies used by neurosurgeons to guide or "navigate” within the confines of the skull or vertebral column during surgery...
--- radiographic image interpretation, computer-assisted
--- diagnostic techniques and procedures
--- diagnostic imaging
--- image interpretation, computer-assisted --- neuronavigationNeuronavigation
The term neuronavigation is a neologism used to describe the set of computer-assisted technologies used by neurosurgeons to guide or "navigate” within the confines of the skull or vertebral column during surgery...
--- radiographic image interpretation, computer-assisted --- tomography, emission-computed --- positron-emission tomography --- tomography, emission-computed, single-photon --- tomography, x-ray computed --- colonography, computed tomographic --- tomography, spiral computed --- imaging, three-dimensional --- echocardiography, three-dimensional --- echocardiography, four-dimensional --- holography
Holography
Holography is a technique that allows the light scattered from an object to be recorded and later reconstructed so that when an imaging system is placed in the reconstructed beam, an image of the object will be seen even when the object is no longer present...
--- magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance imaging , or magnetic resonance tomography is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures...
--- cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance --- diffusion magnetic resonance imaging --- echo-planar imaging --- magnetic resonance angiography
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Magnetic resonance angiography is a group of techniques based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging to image blood vessels. Magnetic resonance angiography is used to generate images of the arteries in order to evaluate them for stenosis , occlusion or aneurysms...
--- magnetic resonance imaging, cine --- microscopy
Microscopy
Microscopy is the technical field of using microscopes to view samples and objects that cannot be seen with the unaided eye...
--- dermoscopy --- microscopy, acoustic --- microscopy, confocal --- laser scanning cytometry --- microscopy, electron --- cryoelectron microscopy --- electron probe microanalysis --- microscopy, electron, scanning --- microscopy, electron, transmission --- microscopy, electron, scanning transmission --- microscopy, energy-filtering transmission electron --- microscopy, immunoelectron --- microscopy, fluorescence --- microscopy, fluorescence, multiphoton --- microscopy, interference --- microscopy, phase-contrast --- microscopy, polarization --- microscopy, scanning probe --- microscopy, atomic force --- microscopy, scanning tunneling --- microscopy, ultraviolet --- microscopy, video --- photomicrography --- photography
Photography
Photography is the art, science and practice of creating durable images by recording light or other electromagnetic radiation, either electronically by means of an image sensor or chemically by means of a light-sensitive material such as photographic film...
--- holography
Holography
Holography is a technique that allows the light scattered from an object to be recorded and later reconstructed so that when an imaging system is placed in the reconstructed beam, an image of the object will be seen even when the object is no longer present...
--- image enhancement --- radiographic image enhancement --- angiography, digital subtraction --- radiography, dental, digital --- radiography, dual-energy scanned projection --- tomography, x-ray computed --- colonography, computed tomographic --- tomography, spiral computed --- tomography, emission-computed --- positron-emission tomography --- tomography, emission-computed, single-photon --- photofluorography
Photofluorography
Photofluorography is photography of X-ray images from fluorescent screen. It is commonly used in some countries for chest X-ray screening, e.g...
--- photogrammetry
Photogrammetry
Photogrammetry is the practice of determining the geometric properties of objects from photographic images. Photogrammetry is as old as modern photography and can be dated to the mid-nineteenth century....
--- moire topography --- photography, dental --- photomicrography --- radiography
Radiography
Radiography is the use of X-rays to view a non-uniformly composed material such as the human body. By using the physical properties of the ray an image can be developed which displays areas of different density and composition....
--- age determination by skeleton --- angiography --- angiocardiography
Angiocardiography
Angiocardiography is a technique for radiographic examination of the heart chambers and thoracic veins and arteries. A liquid radiocontrast agent, typically containing iodine, is injected into the bloodstream, then the tissues are examined using X-rays. To avoid dilution, the radiopaque material is...
--- angiography, digital subtraction --- aortography
Aortography
An aortogram involves placement of a catheter in the aorta and injection of contrast material while taking x-rays of the aorta. The procedure is known as aortography...
--- cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography is a form of angiography which provides images of blood vessels in and around the brain, thereby allowing detection of abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms....
--- cineangiography --- coronary angiography --- phlebography --- portography
Portography
Portography is a radiography of the portal vein after injection of radioopaque contrast material....
--- arthrography --- cineradiography --- cineangiography --- densitometry, x-ray --- electrokymography --- fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopy
Fluoroscopy is an imaging technique commonly used by physicians to obtain real-time moving images of the internal structures of a patient through the use of a fluoroscope. In its simplest form, a fluoroscope consists of an X-ray source and fluorescent screen between which a patient is placed...
--- photofluorography
Photofluorography
Photofluorography is photography of X-ray images from fluorescent screen. It is commonly used in some countries for chest X-ray screening, e.g...
--- hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingography is a radiologic procedure to investigate the shape of the uterine cavity and the shape and patency of the fallopian tubes. It entails the injection of a radio-opaque material into the cervical canal and usually fluoroscopy with image intensification...
--- lymphography --- mammography
Mammography
Mammography is the process of using low-energy-X-rays to examine the human breast and is used as a diagnostic and a screening tool....
--- xeromammography
Xeromammography
Xeromammography is a photoelectric method of recording an x-ray image on a coated metal plate, using low-energy photon beams, long exposure time, and dry chemical developers.It is a form of xeroradiography....
--- microradiography --- neuroradiography --- cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography is a form of angiography which provides images of blood vessels in and around the brain, thereby allowing detection of abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms....
--- cerebral ventriculography
Cerebral ventriculography
Cerebral ventriculography is a medical procedure developed by Walter Dandy, and designed to enable visualization of structures inside the skull. In this procedure, holes are drilled in the skull, and air pumped through the holes in to the ventricles, to facilitate clearer imaging on X-rays.It has...
--- echoencephalography
Echoencephalography
Echoencephalography is the detailing of interfaces in the brain by means of ultrasonic waves.-See also:*Electroencephalography*Magnetoencephalography*Tomography*Medical ultrasonography...
--- ultrasonography, doppler, transcranial --- myelography
Myelography
Myelography is a type of radiographic examination that uses a contrast medium to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors...
--- pneumoencephalography
Pneumoencephalography
Pneumoencephalography is a medical procedure in which most of the cerebrospinal fluid is drained from around the brain and replaced with air, oxygen, or helium to allow the structure of the brain to show up more clearly on an X-ray image...
--- pneumoradiography --- pneumoencephalography
Pneumoencephalography
Pneumoencephalography is a medical procedure in which most of the cerebrospinal fluid is drained from around the brain and replaced with air, oxygen, or helium to allow the structure of the brain to show up more clearly on an X-ray image...
--- radiographic image enhancement --- angiography, digital subtraction --- radiography, dental, digital --- radiography, dual-energy scanned projection --- tomography, x-ray computed --- colonography, computed tomographic --- tomography, spiral computed --- radiographic image interpretation, computer-assisted --- radiographic magnification --- radiography, abdominal --- cholangiography
Cholangiography
Cholangiography is the imaging of the bile duct by x-rays. There are at least two kinds of cholangiography:* percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography : Examination of liver and bile ducts by x-rays...
--- cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde --- cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance --- cholecystography
Cholecystography
Oral cholecystography is a procedure used to visualize the gallbladder by administering, by mouth, a radiopaque contrast agent that is excreted by the liver. This excreted material will collect in the gallbladder, where reabsorption of water concentrates the excreted contrast...
--- defecography --- portography
Portography
Portography is a radiography of the portal vein after injection of radioopaque contrast material....
--- radiography, dental --- age determination by teeth --- radiography, bitewing --- radiography, dental, digital --- radiography, panoramic --- sialography
Sialography
Sialography or radiosialography is the radiographic examination of the salivary glands. It usually involves the injection of a small amount of contrast medium into the salivary ducts of a single gland, followed by routine X-ray projections....
--- radiography, interventional --- radiography, thoracic --- bronchography
Bronchography
Bronchography is an x-ray of the bronchus involving the use of contrast....
--- mass chest x-ray --- tomography, x-ray --- tomography, x-ray computed --- colonography, computed tomographic --- tomography, spiral computed --- urography --- xeroradiography
Xeroradiography
Xeroradiography is a type of x-ray in which a picture of the body is recorded on paper rather than on film. In this technique, a plate of selenium, which rests on a thin layer of aluminium oxide, is charged uniformly by passing it in front of a ....
--- xeromammography
Xeromammography
Xeromammography is a photoelectric method of recording an x-ray image on a coated metal plate, using low-energy photon beams, long exposure time, and dry chemical developers.It is a form of xeroradiography....
--- radionuclide imaging --- absorptiometry, photon --- radioimmunodetection --- radionuclide angiography
Radionuclide angiography
A MUGA scan is a time-proven yet dated nuclear medicine test designed to evaluate the function of the right and left ventricles of the heart, thus allowing informed diagnostic intervention in heart failure. It is also called radionuclide angiography, as well as gated blood pool imaging...
--- radioisotope renography --- radionuclide ventriculography
Radionuclide ventriculography
Radionuclide ventriculography, a type of cardiac ventriculography, is a form of nuclear imaging, where a gamma camera is used to create an image following injection of radioactive material, usually Technetium-99m . In radionuclide ventriculography, the radionuclide has the property of circulating...
--- gated blood-pool imaging --- ventriculography, first-pass --- tomography, emission-computed --- positron-emission tomography --- tomography, emission-computed, single-photon --- spectroscopy, near-infrared --- stroboscopy --- subtraction technique --- angiography, digital subtraction --- radiography, dual-energy scanned projection --- thermography
Thermography
Infrared thermography, thermal imaging, and thermal video are examples of infrared imaging science. Thermal imaging cameras detect radiation in the infrared range of the electromagnetic spectrum and produce images of that radiation, called thermograms...
--- tomography
Tomography
Tomography refers to imaging by sections or sectioning, through the use of any kind of penetrating wave. A device used in tomography is called a tomograph, while the image produced is a tomogram. The method is used in radiology, archaeology, biology, geophysics, oceanography, materials science,...
--- magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging
Magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance imaging , or magnetic resonance tomography is a medical imaging technique used in radiology to visualize detailed internal structures...
--- cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance --- diffusion magnetic resonance imaging --- echo-planar imaging --- magnetic resonance angiography
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Magnetic resonance angiography is a group of techniques based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging to image blood vessels. Magnetic resonance angiography is used to generate images of the arteries in order to evaluate them for stenosis , occlusion or aneurysms...
--- magnetic resonance imaging, cine --- tomography, emission-computed --- positron-emission tomography --- tomography, emission-computed, single-photon --- tomography, optical --- tomography, optical coherence --- tomography, x-ray --- tomography, x-ray computed --- tomography, spiral computed --- transillumination
Transillumination
Transillumination is the technique of sample illumination by transmission of light through the sample. Transillumination is used in a variety of methods of imaging.-Microscopy:...
--- ultrasonography --- echocardiography
Echocardiography
An echocardiogram, often referred to in the medical community as a cardiac ECHO or simply an ECHO, is a sonogram of the heart . Also known as a cardiac ultrasound, it uses standard ultrasound techniques to image two-dimensional slices of the heart...
--- echocardiography, doppler --- echocardiography, doppler, color --- echocardiography, doppler, pulsed --- echocardiography, stress --- echocardiography, three-dimensional --- echocardiography, four-dimensional --- echocardiography, transesophageal --- echoencephalography
Echoencephalography
Echoencephalography is the detailing of interfaces in the brain by means of ultrasonic waves.-See also:*Electroencephalography*Magnetoencephalography*Tomography*Medical ultrasonography...
--- ultrasonography, doppler, transcranial --- endosonography
Endosonography
Endosonography is a medical procedure in which an endoscope is inserted into the body. An endoscope is a thin, tube-like instrument that has a light and a lens for viewing. A probe at the end of the endoscope is used to bounce high-energy sound waves off internal organs to make a picture...
--- microscopy, acoustic --- ultrasonography, doppler --- echocardiography, doppler --- echocardiography, doppler, color --- echocardiography, doppler, pulsed --- ultrasonography, doppler, duplex --- ultrasonography, doppler, color --- echocardiography, doppler, color --- ultrasonography, doppler, pulsed --- echocardiography, doppler, pulsed --- ultrasonography, doppler, transcranial --- ultrasonography, interventional --- ultrasonography, mammary --- ultrasonography, prenatal --- nuchal translucency measurement --- whole body imaging
Whole body imaging
Whole body imaging refers to the internal display of the entire body in a single procedure.It may refer to one of two types of body imaging technologies used for security screening such as in airports:* Millimeter wave scanner* Backscatter X-ray...
--- diagnostic techniques, cardiovascular
--- angiography --- angiocardiographyAngiocardiography
Angiocardiography is a technique for radiographic examination of the heart chambers and thoracic veins and arteries. A liquid radiocontrast agent, typically containing iodine, is injected into the bloodstream, then the tissues are examined using X-rays. To avoid dilution, the radiopaque material is...
--- angiography, digital subtraction --- aortography
Aortography
An aortogram involves placement of a catheter in the aorta and injection of contrast material while taking x-rays of the aorta. The procedure is known as aortography...
--- cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography is a form of angiography which provides images of blood vessels in and around the brain, thereby allowing detection of abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms....
--- cineangiography --- coronary angiography --- fluorescein angiography
Fluorescein angiography
Intravenous Fluorescein angiography or fluorescent angiography is a technique for examining the circulation of the retina using the dye tracing method...
--- magnetic resonance angiography
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
Magnetic resonance angiography is a group of techniques based on Magnetic Resonance Imaging to image blood vessels. Magnetic resonance angiography is used to generate images of the arteries in order to evaluate them for stenosis , occlusion or aneurysms...
--- phlebography --- portography
Portography
Portography is a radiography of the portal vein after injection of radioopaque contrast material....
--- radionuclide angiography
Radionuclide angiography
A MUGA scan is a time-proven yet dated nuclear medicine test designed to evaluate the function of the right and left ventricles of the heart, thus allowing informed diagnostic intervention in heart failure. It is also called radionuclide angiography, as well as gated blood pool imaging...
--- radionuclide ventriculography
Radionuclide ventriculography
Radionuclide ventriculography, a type of cardiac ventriculography, is a form of nuclear imaging, where a gamma camera is used to create an image following injection of radioactive material, usually Technetium-99m . In radionuclide ventriculography, the radionuclide has the property of circulating...
--- gated blood-pool imaging --- ventriculography, first-pass --- angioscopy
Angioscopy
Angioscopy is a medical technique for visualizing the interior of blood vessels. In this technique, a flexible fiberoptic catheter inserted directly into an artery. It can be helpful in diagnosing e.g. arterial embolism....
--- blood circulation time --- blood flow velocity --- blood pressure determination --- blood pressure monitoring, ambulatory --- blood volume determination --- capillary fragility --- heart function tests --- angiocardiography
Angiocardiography
Angiocardiography is a technique for radiographic examination of the heart chambers and thoracic veins and arteries. A liquid radiocontrast agent, typically containing iodine, is injected into the bloodstream, then the tissues are examined using X-rays. To avoid dilution, the radiopaque material is...
--- ballistocardiography
Ballistocardiography
The ballistocardiograph is a measure of ballistic forces on the heart. Ballistocardiography is a technique for producing a graphical representation of repetitive motions of the human body arising from the sudden ejection of blood into the great vessels with each heart beat...
--- cardiac output
Cardiac output
Cardiac output is the volume of blood being pumped by the heart, in particular by a left or right ventricle in the time interval of one minute. CO may be measured in many ways, for example dm3/min...
--- stroke volume
Stroke volume
In cardiovascular physiology, stroke volume is the volume of blood pumped from one ventricle of the heart with each beat. SV is calculated using measurements of ventricle volumes from an echocardiogram and subtracting the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat from the volume...
--- cardiography, impedance --- cardiotocography
Cardiotocography
In medicine , cardiotocography is a technical means of recording the fetal heartbeat and the uterine contractions during pregnancy, typically in the third trimester...
--- coronary angiography --- echocardiography
Echocardiography
An echocardiogram, often referred to in the medical community as a cardiac ECHO or simply an ECHO, is a sonogram of the heart . Also known as a cardiac ultrasound, it uses standard ultrasound techniques to image two-dimensional slices of the heart...
--- echocardiography, doppler --- echocardiography, doppler, color --- echocardiography, doppler, pulsed --- echocardiography, stress --- echocardiography, three-dimensional --- echocardiography, four-dimensional --- echocardiography, transesophageal --- electrocardiography --- body surface potential mapping --- electrocardiography, ambulatory --- vectorcardiography
Vectorcardiography
Vectorcardiography is a method of recording the magnitude and direction of the electrical forces that are generated by the heart by means of a continuous series of vectors that form curving lines around a central point....
--- body surface potential mapping --- electrophysiologic techniques, cardiac --- exercise test --- heart auscultation --- phonocardiography --- heart catheterization --- catheter ablation
Catheter ablation
Catheter ablation is an invasive procedure used to remove a faulty electrical pathway from the hearts of those who are prone to developing cardiac arrhythmias such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, supraventricular tachycardias and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.It involves advancing several...
--- catheterization, swan-ganz --- kinetocardiography --- oximetry --- blood gas monitoring, transcutaneous --- pulse
Pulse
In medicine, one's pulse represents the tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat by trained fingertips. The pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed against a bone, such as at the neck , at the wrist , behind the knee , on the inside of the elbow , and near the...
--- radionuclide ventriculography
Radionuclide ventriculography
Radionuclide ventriculography, a type of cardiac ventriculography, is a form of nuclear imaging, where a gamma camera is used to create an image following injection of radioactive material, usually Technetium-99m . In radionuclide ventriculography, the radionuclide has the property of circulating...
--- gated blood-pool imaging --- ventriculography, first-pass --- valsalva maneuver
Valsalva maneuver
The Valsalva maneuver or Valsalva manoeuvre is performed by moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway, usually done by closing one's mouth and pinching one's nose shut...
--- laser-doppler flowmetry --- microscopic angioscopy --- plethysmography --- photoplethysmography --- plethysmography, impedance --- cardiography, impedance --- tilt-table test
--- diagnostic techniques, digestive system
--- cholangiographyCholangiography
Cholangiography is the imaging of the bile duct by x-rays. There are at least two kinds of cholangiography:* percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography : Examination of liver and bile ducts by x-rays...
--- cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde --- cholangiopancreatography, magnetic resonance --- cholecystography
Cholecystography
Oral cholecystography is a procedure used to visualize the gallbladder by administering, by mouth, a radiopaque contrast agent that is excreted by the liver. This excreted material will collect in the gallbladder, where reabsorption of water concentrates the excreted contrast...
--- colonography, computed tomographic --- endoscopy, digestive system --- cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde --- endoscopy, gastrointestinal --- colonoscopy
Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large bowel and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus. It may provide a visual diagnosis and grants the opportunity for biopsy or removal of suspected...
--- sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy From Greek Sigma - eidos - scopy, to look inside an s-like object, is the minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through the last part of the colon. There are two types of sigmoidoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, which uses a flexible endoscope,...
--- duodenoscopy --- gastroscopy --- proctoscopy
Proctoscopy
Proctoscopy is a common medical procedure in which an instrument called a proctoscope is used to examine the anal cavity, rectum or sigmoid colon. A proctoscope is a short, straight, rigid, hollow metal tube, and usually has a small light bulb mounted at the end...
--- esophagoscopy --- esophageal ph monitoring
Esophageal pH Monitoring
Esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease . It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of...
--- gastric acidity determination --- gastrointestinal transit --- lactose tolerance test --- liver function tests
Liver function tests
Liver function tests , are groups of clinical biochemistry laboratory blood assays designed to give information about the state of a patient's liver. The parameters measured include PT/INR, aPTT, albumin, billirubin and others...
--- pancreatic function tests --- portography
Portography
Portography is a radiography of the portal vein after injection of radioopaque contrast material....
--- sialography
Sialography
Sialography or radiosialography is the radiographic examination of the salivary glands. It usually involves the injection of a small amount of contrast medium into the salivary ducts of a single gland, followed by routine X-ray projections....
--- diagnostic techniques, endocrine
--- adrenal cortex function tests --- blood glucose self-monitoring --- glucose tolerance testGlucose tolerance test
A glucose tolerance test is a medical test in which glucose is given and blood samples taken afterward to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood. The test is usually used to test for diabetes, insulin resistance, and sometimes reactive hypoglycemia and acromegaly, or rarer disorders of...
--- ovarian function tests --- pituitary-adrenal function tests --- pituitary function tests --- radioligand assay --- thyroid function tests
Thyroid function tests
Thyroid function tests is a collective term for blood tests used to check the function of the thyroid.TFTs may be requested if a patient is thought to suffer from hyperthyroidism or hypothyroidism , or to monitor the effectiveness of either thyroid-suppression or hormone replacement therapy...
--- basal metabolism
--- diagnostic techniques, neurological
--- electroencephalographyElectroencephalography
Electroencephalography is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain...
--- alpha rhythm --- beta rhythm --- cortical synchronization --- delta rhythm --- theta rhythm
Theta rhythm
A theta rhythm is an oscillatory pattern in EEG signals recorded either from inside the brain or from electrodes glued to the scalp. Two types of theta rhythm have been described...
--- magnetoencephalography
Magnetoencephalography
Magnetoencephalography is a technique for mapping brain activity by recording magnetic fields produced by electrical currents occurring naturally in the brain, using arrays of SQUIDs...
--- neurologic examination --- pain measurement --- reflex
Reflex
A reflex action, also known as a reflex, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus. A true reflex is a behavior which is mediated via the reflex arc; this does not apply to casual uses of the term 'reflex'.-See also:...
--- reflex, abdominal --- reflex, abnormal --- reflex, babinski --- reflex, acoustic --- reflex, pupillary --- reflex, stretch --- startle reaction
Startle reaction
The startle response is a brainstem reflex that serves to protect the back of the neck , or the eye , and also facilitates escape from sudden stimuli. It is found across the lifespan and in many species. An individual's emotional state may lead to a variety of different responses...
--- neuroradiography --- cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography
Cerebral angiography is a form of angiography which provides images of blood vessels in and around the brain, thereby allowing detection of abnormalities such as arteriovenous malformations and aneurysms....
--- cerebral ventriculography
Cerebral ventriculography
Cerebral ventriculography is a medical procedure developed by Walter Dandy, and designed to enable visualization of structures inside the skull. In this procedure, holes are drilled in the skull, and air pumped through the holes in to the ventricles, to facilitate clearer imaging on X-rays.It has...
--- echoencephalography
Echoencephalography
Echoencephalography is the detailing of interfaces in the brain by means of ultrasonic waves.-See also:*Electroencephalography*Magnetoencephalography*Tomography*Medical ultrasonography...
--- ultrasonography, doppler, transcranial --- myelography
Myelography
Myelography is a type of radiographic examination that uses a contrast medium to detect pathology of the spinal cord, including the location of a spinal cord injury, cysts, and tumors...
--- pneumoencephalography
Pneumoencephalography
Pneumoencephalography is a medical procedure in which most of the cerebrospinal fluid is drained from around the brain and replaced with air, oxygen, or helium to allow the structure of the brain to show up more clearly on an X-ray image...
--- spinal puncture --- transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Transcranial magnetic stimulation is a noninvasive method to cause depolarization or hyperpolarization in the neurons of the brain...
--- diagnostic techniques, obstetrical and gynecological
--- colposcopyColposcopy
Colposcopy is a medical diagnostic procedure to examine an illuminated, magnified view of the cervix and the tissues of the vagina and vulva. Many premalignant lesions and malignant lesions in these areas have discernible characteristics which can be detected through the examination...
--- culdoscopy
Culdoscopy
Culdoscopy is a medical diagnostic procedure performed to examine the rectouterine pouch and pelvic viscera by the introduction of a culdoscope through the posterior vaginal wall. The word culdoscopy is derived from the phrase cul-de-sac, which means literally in French "bottom of a sac"...
--- fallopian tube patency tests --- fetal monitoring --- cardiotocography
Cardiotocography
In medicine , cardiotocography is a technical means of recording the fetal heartbeat and the uterine contractions during pregnancy, typically in the third trimester...
--- hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingography is a radiologic procedure to investigate the shape of the uterine cavity and the shape and patency of the fallopian tubes. It entails the injection of a radio-opaque material into the cervical canal and usually fluoroscopy with image intensification...
--- hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy is the inspection of the uterine cavity by endoscopy with access through the cervix. It allows for the diagnosis of intrauterine pathology and serves as a method for surgical intervention .-Method:...
--- ovarian function tests --- ovulation detection --- ovulation prediction --- pelvimetry
Pelvimetry
Pelvimetry is the assessment of the female pelvis in relation to the birth of a baby. Traditional obstetrical services relied heavily on pelvimetry in the conduct of delivery in order to decide if natural or operative vaginal delivery was possible or if and when to use a cesarean...
--- placental function tests --- pregnancy tests --- pregnancy tests, immunologic --- preimplantation diagnosis --- prenatal diagnosis
Prenatal diagnosis
Prenatal diagnosis or prenatal screening is testing for diseases or conditions in a fetus or embryo before it is born. The aim is to detect birth defects such as neural tube defects, Down syndrome, chromosome abnormalities, genetic diseases and other conditions, such as spina bifida, cleft palate,...
--- amniocentesis
Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections, in which a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is sampled from the amnion or amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus, and the fetal DNA is examined for...
--- chorionic villi sampling --- fetoscopy
Fetoscopy
Fetoscopy is an endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta. A small incision is made in the abdomen, and an endoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus into the amniotic cavity...
--- ultrasonography, prenatal --- nuchal translucency measurement --- ultrasonography, mammary --- uterine monitoring --- vaginal smears
--- diagnostic techniques, ophthalmological
--- corneal topographyCorneal topography
Corneal topography, also known as photokeratoscopy or videokeratography, is a non-invasive medical imaging technique for mapping the surface curvature of the cornea, the outer structure of the eye...
--- electroretinography
Electroretinography
Electroretinography measures the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina, including the photoreceptors , inner retinal cells , and the ganglion cells. Electrodes are usually placed on the cornea and the skin near the eye, although it is possible to record the ERG from skin electrodes...
--- eye movements
Eye movements
Eye movement is the voluntary or involuntary movement of the eyes, helping in acquiring, fixating and tracking visual stimuli. It may also compensate for a body movement, such as when moving the head...
--- electronystagmography
Electronystagmography
Electronystagmography is a diagnostic test to record involuntary movements of the eye caused by a condition known as nystagmus. It can also be used to diagnose the cause of vertigo, dizziness or balance dysfunction by testing the vestibular system....
--- electrooculography
Electrooculography
Electrooculography is a technique for measuring the resting potential of the retina. The resulting signal is called the electrooculogram. The main applications are in ophthalmological diagnosis and in recording eye movements...
--- flicker fusion --- fluorescein angiography
Fluorescein angiography
Intravenous Fluorescein angiography or fluorescent angiography is a technique for examining the circulation of the retina using the dye tracing method...
--- fluorophotometry --- gonioscopy
Gonioscopy
Gonioscopy describes the use of a goniolens in conjunction with a slit lamp or operating microscope to gain a view of the iridocorneal angle, or the anatomical angle formed between the eye's cornea and iris...
--- ophthalmodynamometry --- ophthalmoscopy
Ophthalmoscopy
Ophthalmoscopy is a test that allows a health professional to see inside the fundus of the eye and other structures using an ophthalmoscope . It is done as part of an eye examination and may be done as part of a routine physical examination...
--- retinoscopy
Retinoscopy
Retinoscopy is a technique to obtain an objective measurement of the refractive error of a patient's eyes. The examiner uses a retinoscope to shine light into the patient's eye and observes the reflection off the patient's retina...
--- tonometry, ocular --- vision tests --- color perception tests --- perimetry
Perimetry
Perimetry or campimetry is the systematic measurement of differential light sensitivity in the visual field by the detection of the presence of test targets on a defined background. Visual field testing can be performed clinically with confrontational field testing keeping the subject's gaze fixed...
--- refraction, ocular --- vision screening
--- diagnostic techniques, otological
--- hearing tests --- acoustic impedance tests --- audiometryAudiometry
Audiometry is the testing of hearing ability, involving thresholds and differing frequencies. Typically, audiometric tests determine a subject's hearing levels with the help of an audiometer, but may also measure ability to discriminate between different sound intensities, recognize pitch, or...
--- audiometry, evoked response --- audiometry, pure-tone --- audiometry, speech --- speech discrimination tests --- speech reception threshold test --- dichotic listening tests --- recruitment detection (audiology) --- otoscopy --- vestibular function tests --- caloric tests --- electronystagmography
Electronystagmography
Electronystagmography is a diagnostic test to record involuntary movements of the eye caused by a condition known as nystagmus. It can also be used to diagnose the cause of vertigo, dizziness or balance dysfunction by testing the vestibular system....
--- diagnostic techniques, radioisotope
--- radioimmunoassayRadioimmunoassay
Radioimmunoassay is a very sensitive in vitro assay technique used to measure concentrations of antigens by use of antibodies...
--- radioisotope dilution technique --- radioligand assay --- radionuclide imaging --- absorptiometry, photon --- radioimmunodetection --- radionuclide angiography
Radionuclide angiography
A MUGA scan is a time-proven yet dated nuclear medicine test designed to evaluate the function of the right and left ventricles of the heart, thus allowing informed diagnostic intervention in heart failure. It is also called radionuclide angiography, as well as gated blood pool imaging...
--- radioisotope renography --- radionuclide ventriculography
Radionuclide ventriculography
Radionuclide ventriculography, a type of cardiac ventriculography, is a form of nuclear imaging, where a gamma camera is used to create an image following injection of radioactive material, usually Technetium-99m . In radionuclide ventriculography, the radionuclide has the property of circulating...
--- gated blood-pool imaging --- ventriculography, first-pass --- tomography, emission-computed --- positron-emission tomography --- tomography, emission-computed, single-photon --- schilling test
Schilling test
The Schilling test is a medical investigation used for patients with vitamin B deficiency. The purpose of the test is to determine whether the patient has pernicious anemia.It is named for Robert F. Schilling.-Process:The Schilling test has multiple stages...
--- diagnostic techniques, respiratory system
--- bronchographyBronchography
Bronchography is an x-ray of the bronchus involving the use of contrast....
--- bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy is a technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. An instrument is inserted into the airways, usually through the nose or mouth, or occasionally through a tracheostomy. This allows the practitioner to examine the patient's airways for...
--- laryngoscopy
Laryngoscopy
Laryngoscopy is a medical procedure that is used to obtain a view of the vocal folds and the glottis. Laryngoscopy may be performed to facilitate tracheal intubation during general anesthesia or cardiopulmonary resuscitation or for procedures on the larynx or other parts of the upper...
--- mass chest x-ray --- mucociliary clearance
Mucociliary Clearance
Mucociliary clearance, also referred to as mucociliary apparatus or mucociliar clearance , derived from mucus , cilia and clearance describes the self-clearing mechanism of the bronchi.The main bronchi down to the alveoli are lined with a respiratory epithelium...
--- nasal provocation tests --- respiratory function tests --- airway resistance
Airway resistance
Airway resistance is a concept used in respiratory physiology to describe mechanical factors which limit the access of inspired air to the pulmonary alveoli, and thus determine airflow....
--- blood gas analysis --- oximetry --- blood gas monitoring, transcutaneous --- bronchial provocation tests --- capnography
Capnography
Capnography is the monitoring of the concentration or partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the respiratory gases. Its main development has been as a monitoring tool for use during anaesthesia and intensive care. It is usually presented as a graph of expiratory plotted against time, or, less...
--- exercise test --- lung compliance --- lung volume measurements --- total lung capacity --- closing volume --- functional residual capacity
Functional residual capacity
Functional Residual Capacity is the volume of air present in the lungs, specifically the parenchyma tissues, at the end of passive expiration...
--- expiratory reserve volume --- residual volume --- vital capacity
Vital capacity
Vital capacity is the maximum amount of air a person can expel from the lungs after a maximum inspiration. It is equal to the inspiratory reserve volume plus the tidal volume plus the expiratory reserve volume....
--- expiratory reserve volume --- inspiratory capacity --- inspiratory reserve volume --- tidal volume
Tidal volume
Tidal volume is the lung volume representing the normal volume of air displaced between normal inspiration and expiration when extra effort is not applied.Typical values are around 500ml or 7ml/kg bodyweight.-Mechanical Ventilation:...
--- plethysmography, whole body --- pulmonary gas exchange --- pulmonary diffusing capacity --- ventilation-perfusion ratio --- pulmonary ventilation --- forced expiratory flow rates --- maximal expiratory flow rate --- maximal expiratory flow-volume curves --- maximal midexpiratory flow rate --- peak expiratory flow rate --- forced expiratory volume --- maximal voluntary ventilation --- spirometry
Spirometry
Spirometry is the most common of the pulmonary function tests , measuring lung function, specifically the measurement of the amount and/or speed of air that can be inhaled and exhaled...
--- bronchospirometry --- valsalva maneuver
Valsalva maneuver
The Valsalva maneuver or Valsalva manoeuvre is performed by moderately forceful attempted exhalation against a closed airway, usually done by closing one's mouth and pinching one's nose shut...
--- work of breathing --- respiratory sounds --- rhinomanometry
Rhinomanometry
Rhinomanometry is a form of manometry used in evaluation of the nasal cavity....
--- rhinometry, acoustic
--- diagnostic techniques, surgical
--- biopsyBiopsy
A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
--- biopsy, needle --- biopsy, fine-needle --- chorionic villi sampling --- conization --- sentinel lymph node biopsy --- endoscopy
Endoscopy
Endoscopy means looking inside and typically refers to looking inside the body for medical reasons using an endoscope , an instrument used to examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity of the body. Unlike most other medical imaging devices, endoscopes are inserted directly into the organ...
--- angioscopy
Angioscopy
Angioscopy is a medical technique for visualizing the interior of blood vessels. In this technique, a flexible fiberoptic catheter inserted directly into an artery. It can be helpful in diagnosing e.g. arterial embolism....
--- arthroscopy
Arthroscopy
Arthroscopy is a minimally invasive surgical procedure in which an examination and sometimes treatment of damage of the interior of a joint is performed using an arthroscope, a type of endoscope that is inserted into the joint through a small incision...
--- bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy
Bronchoscopy is a technique of visualizing the inside of the airways for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. An instrument is inserted into the airways, usually through the nose or mouth, or occasionally through a tracheostomy. This allows the practitioner to examine the patient's airways for...
--- colposcopy
Colposcopy
Colposcopy is a medical diagnostic procedure to examine an illuminated, magnified view of the cervix and the tissues of the vagina and vulva. Many premalignant lesions and malignant lesions in these areas have discernible characteristics which can be detected through the examination...
--- culdoscopy
Culdoscopy
Culdoscopy is a medical diagnostic procedure performed to examine the rectouterine pouch and pelvic viscera by the introduction of a culdoscope through the posterior vaginal wall. The word culdoscopy is derived from the phrase cul-de-sac, which means literally in French "bottom of a sac"...
--- cystoscopy
Cystoscopy
Cystoscopy is endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra. It is carried out with a cystoscope.Diagnostic cystoscopy is usually carried out with local anaesthesia...
--- endoscopy, digestive system --- cholangiopancreatography, endoscopic retrograde --- endoscopy, gastrointestinal --- colonoscopy
Colonoscopy
Colonoscopy is the endoscopic examination of the large bowel and the distal part of the small bowel with a CCD camera or a fiber optic camera on a flexible tube passed through the anus. It may provide a visual diagnosis and grants the opportunity for biopsy or removal of suspected...
--- sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy From Greek Sigma - eidos - scopy, to look inside an s-like object, is the minimally invasive medical examination of the large intestine from the rectum through the last part of the colon. There are two types of sigmoidoscopy, flexible sigmoidoscopy, which uses a flexible endoscope,...
--- duodenoscopy --- gastroscopy --- proctoscopy
Proctoscopy
Proctoscopy is a common medical procedure in which an instrument called a proctoscope is used to examine the anal cavity, rectum or sigmoid colon. A proctoscope is a short, straight, rigid, hollow metal tube, and usually has a small light bulb mounted at the end...
--- esophagoscopy --- fetoscopy
Fetoscopy
Fetoscopy is an endoscopic procedure during pregnancy to allow access to the fetus, the amniotic cavity, the umbilical cord, and the fetal side of the placenta. A small incision is made in the abdomen, and an endoscope is inserted through the abdominal wall and uterus into the amniotic cavity...
--- hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy
Hysteroscopy is the inspection of the uterine cavity by endoscopy with access through the cervix. It allows for the diagnosis of intrauterine pathology and serves as a method for surgical intervention .-Method:...
--- laparoscopy
Laparoscopy
Laparoscopy is an operation performed in the abdomen or pelvis through small incisions with the aid of a camera...
--- laryngoscopy
Laryngoscopy
Laryngoscopy is a medical procedure that is used to obtain a view of the vocal folds and the glottis. Laryngoscopy may be performed to facilitate tracheal intubation during general anesthesia or cardiopulmonary resuscitation or for procedures on the larynx or other parts of the upper...
--- mediastinoscopy
Mediastinoscopy
Mediastinoscopy is a procedure that enables visualization of the contents of the mediastinum, usually for the purpose of obtaining a biopsy. Mediastinoscopy is often used for staging of lymph nodes of lung cancer or for diagnosing other conditions affecting structures in the mediastinum such as...
--- neuroendoscopy --- thoracoscopy
Thoracoscopy
Thoracoscopy is a medical procedure involving internal examination, biopsy, and/or resection of disease or masses within the pleural cavity and thoracic cavity...
--- thoracic surgery, video-assisted --- ureteroscopy
Ureteroscopy
Ureteroscopy is an examination of the upper urinary tract, usually performed with an endoscope that is passed through the urethra, bladder, and then directly into the ureter...
--- video-assisted surgery --- thoracic surgery, video-assisted --- pneumomediastinum, diagnostic --- pneumoperitoneum, artificial
--- diagnostic techniques, urological
--- antibody-coated bacteria test, urinary --- cystoscopyCystoscopy
Cystoscopy is endoscopy of the urinary bladder via the urethra. It is carried out with a cystoscope.Diagnostic cystoscopy is usually carried out with local anaesthesia...
--- kidney function tests --- blood urea nitrogen
Blood urea nitrogen
The blood urea nitrogen test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea, and a measurement of renal function. Urea is a by- product from metabolism of proteins by the liver and is removed from the blood by the kidneys.-Physiology:The liver produces urea in the urea...
--- glomerular filtration rate --- radioisotope renography --- nephrostomy, percutaneous --- ureteroscopy
Ureteroscopy
Ureteroscopy is an examination of the upper urinary tract, usually performed with an endoscope that is passed through the urethra, bladder, and then directly into the ureter...
--- urinalysis
Urinalysis
A urinalysis , also known as Routine and Microscopy , is an array of tests performed on urine, and one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis...
--- urinary catheterization
Urinary catheterization
In urinary catheterization , a latex, polyurethane or silicone tube known as a urinary catheter is inserted into a patient's bladder via his or her urethra. Catheterization allows the patient's urine to drain freely from the bladder for collection. It may be used to inject liquids used for...
--- urography
--- disability evaluation
--- work capacity evaluation --- electrodiagnosisElectrodiagnosisElectrodiagnosis is a method of obtaining information about diseases by passively recording the electrical activity of body parts or by measuring their response to external electrical stimulus....
--- electrocardiography --- body surface potential mapping --- electrocardiography, ambulatory --- vectorcardiographyVectorcardiography
Vectorcardiography is a method of recording the magnitude and direction of the electrical forces that are generated by the heart by means of a continuous series of vectors that form curving lines around a central point....
--- body surface potential mapping --- electroencephalography
Electroencephalography
Electroencephalography is the recording of electrical activity along the scalp. EEG measures voltage fluctuations resulting from ionic current flows within the neurons of the brain...
--- alpha rhythm --- beta rhythm --- cortical synchronization --- delta rhythm --- theta rhythm
Theta rhythm
A theta rhythm is an oscillatory pattern in EEG signals recorded either from inside the brain or from electrodes glued to the scalp. Two types of theta rhythm have been described...
--- electrokymography --- electromyography
Electromyography
Electromyography is a technique for evaluating and recording the electrical activity produced by skeletal muscles. EMG is performed using an instrument called an electromyograph, to produce a record called an electromyogram. An electromyograph detects the electrical potential generated by muscle...
--- electronystagmography
Electronystagmography
Electronystagmography is a diagnostic test to record involuntary movements of the eye caused by a condition known as nystagmus. It can also be used to diagnose the cause of vertigo, dizziness or balance dysfunction by testing the vestibular system....
--- electrooculography
Electrooculography
Electrooculography is a technique for measuring the resting potential of the retina. The resulting signal is called the electrooculogram. The main applications are in ophthalmological diagnosis and in recording eye movements...
--- electrophysiologic techniques, cardiac --- electroretinography
Electroretinography
Electroretinography measures the electrical responses of various cell types in the retina, including the photoreceptors , inner retinal cells , and the ganglion cells. Electrodes are usually placed on the cornea and the skin near the eye, although it is possible to record the ERG from skin electrodes...
--- plethysmography, impedance
--- mass screening
--- anonymous testing --- genetic screening --- mass chest x-ray --- multiphasic screening --- neonatal screening--- medical history taking
--- cornell medical index --- reproductive history--- monitoring, physiologic
--- blood glucose self-monitoring --- drug monitoring --- esophageal ph monitoringEsophageal pH Monitoring
Esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease . It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of...
--- fetal monitoring --- cardiotocography
Cardiotocography
In medicine , cardiotocography is a technical means of recording the fetal heartbeat and the uterine contractions during pregnancy, typically in the third trimester...
--- monitoring, ambulatory --- blood pressure monitoring, ambulatory --- electrocardiography, ambulatory --- esophageal ph monitoring
Esophageal pH Monitoring
Esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease . It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of...
--- monitoring, immunologic --- monitoring, intraoperative --- polysomnography
Polysomnography
Polysomnography , also known as a sleep study, is a multi-parametric test used in the study of sleep and as a diagnostic tool in sleep medicine. The test result is called a polysomnogram, also abbreviated PSG...
--- telemetry
Telemetry
Telemetry is a technology that allows measurements to be made at a distance, usually via radio wave transmission and reception of the information. The word is derived from Greek roots: tele = remote, and metron = measure...
--- uterine monitoring
--- physical examinationPhysical examinationPhysical examination or clinical examination is the process by which a doctor investigates the body of a patient for signs of disease. It generally follows the taking of the medical history — an account of the symptoms as experienced by the patient...
--- anthropometryAnthropometry
Anthropometry refers to the measurement of the human individual...
--- cephalometry
Cephalometry
Cephalometry is the measurement of the human head by imaging, traditionally from x-ray films.-Dentistry:Cephalometric analysis is used in dentistry, and especially in orthodontics, to gauge the size and spacial relationships of the teeth, jaws, and cranium...
--- odontometry --- pelvimetry
Pelvimetry
Pelvimetry is the assessment of the female pelvis in relation to the birth of a baby. Traditional obstetrical services relied heavily on pelvimetry in the conduct of delivery in order to decide if natural or operative vaginal delivery was possible or if and when to use a cesarean...
--- apgar score
Apgar score
The Apgar score was devised in 1952 by the eponymous Dr. Virginia Apgar as a simple and repeatable method to quickly and summarily assess the health of newborn children immediately after birth...
--- auscultation
Auscultation
Auscultation is the term for listening to the internal sounds of the body, usually using a stethoscope...
--- heart auscultation --- blood pressure determination --- body constitution --- body weights and measures --- body fat distribution --- adiposity --- body mass index
Body mass index
The body mass index , or Quetelet index, is a heuristic proxy for human body fat based on an individual's weight and height. BMI does not actually measure the percentage of body fat. It was invented between 1830 and 1850 by the Belgian polymath Adolphe Quetelet during the course of developing...
--- body size --- body height --- body weight
Body weight
The term body weight is used in daily English speech as well as in the contexts of biological and medical sciences to describe the mass of an organism's body. Body weight is measured in kilograms throughout the world, although in some countries it is still measured in pounds or stones and pounds...
--- birth weight
Birth weight
Birth weight is the body weight of a baby at its birth.There have been numerous studies that have attempted, with varying degrees of success, to show links between birth weight and later-life conditions, including diabetes, obesity, tobacco smoking and intelligence.-Determinants:There are...
--- fetal weight --- overweight
Overweight
Overweight is generally defined as having more body fat than is optimally healthy. Being overweight is a common condition, especially where food supplies are plentiful and lifestyles are sedentary...
--- obesity
Obesity
Obesity is a medical condition in which excess body fat has accumulated to the extent that it may have an adverse effect on health, leading to reduced life expectancy and/or increased health problems...
--- obesity, morbid --- thinness --- body surface area
Body surface area
In physiology and medicine, the body surface area is the measured or calculated surface of a human body. For many clinical purposes BSA is a better indicator of metabolic mass than body weight because it is less affected by abnormal adipose mass...
--- crown-rump length
Crown-rump length
Crown-rump length is the measurement of the length of human embryos and fetuses from the top of the head to the bottom of the buttocks...
--- organ size --- skinfold thickness --- waist-hip ratio --- somatotypes --- body temperature --- facial expression
Facial expression
A facial expression one or more motions or positions of the muscles in the skin. These movements convey the emotional state of the individual to observers. Facial expressions are a form of nonverbal communication. They are a primary means of conveying social information among humans, but also occur...
--- facies
Facies
In geology, facies are a body of rock with specified characteristics. Ideally, a facies is a distinctive rock unit that forms under certain conditions of sedimentation, reflecting a particular process or environment....
--- gait
Gait
Gait is the pattern of movement of the limbs of animals, including humans, during locomotion over a solid substrate. Most animals use a variety of gaits, selecting gait based on speed, terrain, the need to maneuver, and energetic efficiency...
--- hand strength
Hand strength
Hand strength measurements are of interest to study pathology of the hand that involves loss of muscle strength. Examples of these pathologies are carpal tunnel syndrome, nerve injury, tendon injuries of the hand, and neuromuscular disorders....
--- neurologic examination --- reflex
Reflex
A reflex action, also known as a reflex, is an involuntary and nearly instantaneous movement in response to a stimulus. A true reflex is a behavior which is mediated via the reflex arc; this does not apply to casual uses of the term 'reflex'.-See also:...
--- reflex, abdominal --- reflex, abnormal --- reflex, babinski --- reflex, acoustic --- reflex, pupillary --- reflex, stretch --- startle reaction
Startle reaction
The startle response is a brainstem reflex that serves to protect the back of the neck , or the eye , and also facilitates escape from sudden stimuli. It is found across the lifespan and in many species. An individual's emotional state may lead to a variety of different responses...
--- palpation
Palpation
Palpation is used as part of a physical examination in which an object is felt to determine its size, shape, firmness, or location...
--- digital rectal examination --- percussion --- pigmentation --- skin pigmentation --- pulse
Pulse
In medicine, one's pulse represents the tactile arterial palpation of the heartbeat by trained fingertips. The pulse may be palpated in any place that allows an artery to be compressed against a bone, such as at the neck , at the wrist , behind the knee , on the inside of the elbow , and near the...
--- range of motion, articular --- self-examination --- breast self-examination
Breast self-examination
Breast self-examination is a screening method used in an attempt to detect early breast cancer. The method involves the woman herself looking at and feeling each breast for possible lumps, distortions or swelling....
--- plethysmography
--- photoplethysmography --- plethysmography, impedance --- cardiography, impedance --- plethysmography, whole body--- skin tests
--- intradermal tests --- kveim testKveim test
The Kveim test, Nickerson-Kveim or Kveim-Siltzbach test is a skin test used to detect sarcoidosis, where part of a spleen from a patient with known sarcoidosis is injected into the skin of a patient suspected to have the disease. If granulomas are found , the test is positive. If the patient has...
--- skin test end-point titration --- local lymph node assay --- passive cutaneous anaphylaxis --- patch tests --- tuberculin test
--- speech production measurement
--- speech articulation tests--- laboratory techniques and procedures
--- clinical chemistry tests
--- blood chemical analysis --- blood gas analysis --- oximetry --- blood gas monitoring, transcutaneous --- blood glucose self-monitoring --- blood protein electrophoresis --- blood urea nitrogenBlood urea nitrogen
The blood urea nitrogen test is a measure of the amount of nitrogen in the blood in the form of urea, and a measurement of renal function. Urea is a by- product from metabolism of proteins by the liver and is removed from the blood by the kidneys.-Physiology:The liver produces urea in the urea...
--- glucose clamp technique
Glucose clamp technique
Glucose clamp technique is a method for quantifying insulin secretion and resistance. It is used to measure either how well an individual metabolizes glucose or how sensitive an individual is to insulin.Two types of clamps are quite commonly used...
--- glucose tolerance test
Glucose tolerance test
A glucose tolerance test is a medical test in which glucose is given and blood samples taken afterward to determine how quickly it is cleared from the blood. The test is usually used to test for diabetes, insulin resistance, and sometimes reactive hypoglycemia and acromegaly, or rarer disorders of...
--- lactose tolerance test --- petrosal sinus sampling
Inferior petrosal sinus
The inferior petrosal sinuses, within the human head, are beneath the brain and allow blood to drain from the center of the head.They drain on either side inferiorly from the cavernous sinus and join with the sigmoid sinus to form the internal jugular vein, which continues inferiorly to drain...
--- enzyme tests --- esophageal ph monitoring
Esophageal pH Monitoring
Esophageal pH monitoring is the current gold standard for diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease . It provides direct physiologic measurement of acid in the esophagus and is the most objective method to document reflux disease, assess the severity of the disease and monitor the response of...
--- gastric acidity determination --- limulus test --- urinalysis
Urinalysis
A urinalysis , also known as Routine and Microscopy , is an array of tests performed on urine, and one of the most common methods of medical diagnosis...
--- cytodiagnosis
--- amniocentesisAmniocentesis
Amniocentesis is a medical procedure used in prenatal diagnosis of chromosomal abnormalities and fetal infections, in which a small amount of amniotic fluid, which contains fetal tissues, is sampled from the amnion or amniotic sac surrounding a developing fetus, and the fetal DNA is examined for...
--- biopsy
Biopsy
A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
--- biopsy, needle --- biopsy, fine-needle --- chorionic villi sampling --- conization --- sentinel lymph node biopsy --- chorionic villi sampling --- cytopathogenic effect, viral --- spinal puncture --- vaginal smears
--- hematologic tests
--- blood cell count --- erythrocyte count --- reticulocyte count --- leukocyte count --- lymphocyte count --- cd4 lymphocyte count --- cd4-cd8 ratio --- platelet count --- blood coagulation tests --- international normalized ratio --- partial thromboplastin timePartial thromboplastin time
The partial thromboplastin time or activated partial thromboplastin time is a performance indicator measuring the efficacy of both the "intrinsic" and the common coagulation pathways...
--- prothrombin time
Prothrombin time
The prothrombin time and its derived measures of prothrombin ratio and international normalized ratio are measures of the extrinsic pathway of coagulation. This test is also called "ProTime INR" and "INR PT". They are used to determine the clotting tendency of blood, in the measure of warfarin...
--- thrombelastography --- thrombin time --- whole blood coagulation time --- blood grouping and crossmatching --- blood sedimentation --- bone marrow examination --- erythrocyte aggregation
Erythrocyte aggregation
Erythrocyte aggregation is the reversible clumping of these cells under low shear forces or at stasis. Erythrocytes aggregate in a special way, forming rouleaux. Rouleaux are stacks of erythrocytes which form because of the unique discoid shape of the cells in vertebrate body...
--- erythrocyte indices --- figlu test --- hematocrit
Hematocrit
The hematocrit or packed cell volume or erythrocyte volume fraction is the percentage of the concentration of red blood cells in blood. It is normally about 45% for men and 40% for women...
--- hemoglobinometry --- osmotic fragility
Osmotic fragility
In hematology, osmotic fragility refers to the degree of hemolysis when red blood cells are placed in a hypotonic solution. In general, osmotic fragility is inversely proportional to the cell's surface-area-to-volume....
--- platelet function tests --- bleeding time
Bleeding time
Bleeding time is a medical test done on someone to assess their platelet functionThe term "template bleeding time" is used when the test is performed to standardized parameters. This makes it easier to compare data collected at different facilities....
--- clot retraction
Clot retraction
Clot retraction is the "shrinking" of a blood clot over a number of days. In so doing, the edges of the blood vessel wall at the point of injury are slowly brought together again to repair the damage....
--- platelet count --- schilling test
Schilling test
The Schilling test is a medical investigation used for patients with vitamin B deficiency. The purpose of the test is to determine whether the patient has pernicious anemia.It is named for Robert F. Schilling.-Process:The Schilling test has multiple stages...
--- immunologic tests
--- basophil degranulation test --- cell migration inhibition --- cytotoxicity tests, immunologic --- complement hemolytic activity assay --- fluorescent antibody technique --- antibody-coated bacteria test, urinary --- fluorescent antibody technique, direct --- fluorescent antibody technique, indirect --- fluoroimmunoassay --- fluorescence polarization immunoassay --- hemolytic plaque technique --- histocompatibility testing --- blood grouping and crossmatching --- lymphocyte culture test, mixed --- immune adherence reaction --- immunoassayImmunoassay
An immunoassay is a biochemical test that measures the presence or concentration of a substance in solutions that frequently contain a complex mixture of substances. Analytes in biological liquids such as serum or urine are frequently assayed using immunoassay methods...
--- immunoblotting --- blotting, western --- blotting, far-western --- immunoenzyme techniques --- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay --- enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique
Enzyme Multiplied Immunoassay Technique
Enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique, or EMIT, is a common method for screening urine and blood for drugs, both legal or illicit. First introduced by Syva Company in 1973, it is the first homogeneous immunoassay to be widely used commercially....
--- immunosorbent techniques --- enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay --- radioallergosorbent test --- radioimmunoprecipitation assay --- radioimmunosorbent test --- radioimmunoassay
Radioimmunoassay
Radioimmunoassay is a very sensitive in vitro assay technique used to measure concentrations of antigens by use of antibodies...
--- immunoradiometric assay --- radioallergosorbent test --- radioimmunoprecipitation assay --- radioimmunosorbent test --- leukocyte adherence inhibition test --- monitoring, immunologic --- pregnancy tests, immunologic --- serologic tests --- agglutination tests --- hemagglutination tests --- coombs test
Coombs test
Coombs test refers to two clinical blood tests used in immunohematology and immunology...
--- latex fixation tests --- aids serodiagnosis --- complement fixation tests --- complement hemolytic activity assay --- hemadsorption inhibition tests --- hemagglutination inhibition tests --- neutralization tests --- skin test end-point titration --- precipitin tests --- flocculation tests --- immunodiffusion
Immunodiffusion
Immunodiffusion is a diagnostic test which involves diffusion through a substance such as agar.Two commonly known forms are Ouchterlony double immunodiffusion and radial immunodiffusion....
--- immunoelectrophoresis
Immunoelectrophoresis
Immunoelectrophoresis is a general name for a number of biochemical methods for separation and characterization of proteins based on electrophoresis and reaction with antibodies. All variants of immunoelectrophoresis require immunoglobulins, also known as antibodies reacting with the proteins to be...
--- counterimmunoelectrophoresis
Counterimmunoelectrophoresis
A laboratory technique used to evaluate the binding of an antibody to its antigen. Counterimmunoelectrophoresis is similar to immunodiffusion, but with the addition of an applied electrical field across the diffusion medium, usually an agar or polyacrylamide gel...
--- immunoelectrophoresis, two-dimensional --- radioallergosorbent test --- radioimmunoprecipitation assay --- syphilis serodiagnosis --- fluorescent treponemal antibody absorption test --- treponema immobilization test --- skin tests --- intradermal tests --- kveim test
Kveim test
The Kveim test, Nickerson-Kveim or Kveim-Siltzbach test is a skin test used to detect sarcoidosis, where part of a spleen from a patient with known sarcoidosis is injected into the skin of a patient suspected to have the disease. If granulomas are found , the test is positive. If the patient has...
--- skin test end-point titration --- local lymph node assay --- passive cutaneous anaphylaxis --- patch tests --- tuberculin test
--- pregnancy tests
--- pregnancy tests, immunologic--- specimen handling
--- biopsyBiopsy
A biopsy is a medical test involving sampling of cells or tissues for examination. It is the medical removal of tissue from a living subject to determine the presence or extent of a disease. The tissue is generally examined under a microscope by a pathologist, and can also be analyzed chemically...
--- biopsy, needle --- biopsy, fine-needle --- chorionic villi sampling --- conization --- sentinel lymph node biopsy --- dissection
Dissection
Dissection is usually the process of disassembling and observing something to determine its internal structure and as an aid to discerning the functions and relationships of its components....
--- microdissection
Microdissection
Microdissection refers to a variety of techniques where a microscope is used to assist in dissection.Different kinds of techniques involve microdissection:...
--- preservation, biological --- cryopreservation
Cryopreservation
Cryopreservation is a process where cells or whole tissues are preserved by cooling to low sub-zero temperatures, such as 77 K or −196 °C . At these low temperatures, any biological activity, including the biochemical reactions that would lead to cell death, is effectively stopped...
--- freeze drying
Freeze drying
Freeze-drying is a dehydration process typically used to preserve a perishable material or make the material more convenient for transport...
--- freeze substitution --- refrigeration
Refrigeration
Refrigeration is a process in which work is done to move heat from one location to another. This work is traditionally done by mechanical work, but can also be done by magnetism, laser or other means...
--- tissue preservation --- blood preservation --- organ preservation --- semen preservation --- punctures --- biopsy, needle --- blood specimen collection --- cordocentesis --- petrosal sinus sampling --- phlebotomy
Phlebotomy
Phlebotomy is the process of making an incision in a vein.It is associated with the following concepts:* Venipuncture, the practice of collecting venous blood samples* The main practice of a phlebotomist, an individual trained to draw blood...
--- chorionic villi sampling --- paracentesis
Paracentesis
Paracentesis is a medical procedure involving needle drainage of fluid from a body cavity, most commonly the peritoneal cavity in the abdomen.A related procedure is thoracocentesis, which is needle drainage of the chest cavity...
--- pericardiocentesis
Pericardiocentesis
In medicine, pericardiocentesis is a procedure where fluid is aspirated from the pericardium .-Position:The patient undergoing pericardiocentesis is positioned supine with the head of the bed raised to a 30- to 60-degree angle.This places the heart in proximity to the chest wall for easier...
--- spinal puncture --- tissue and organ harvesting --- vaginal smears