List of Normal Flora species
Encyclopedia
Whole-body distributed
- Acinetobacter calcoaceticusAcinetobacter calcoaceticusAcinetobacter calcoaceticus is a species of bacteria part of the Human body normal flora.Phloroglucinol carboxylic acid is a degradation product excreted by A. calcoaceticus grown on -catechin as sole source of carbon.-External links:*...
- Burkholderia cepacia
- Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenesPseudomonas pseudoalcaligenesPseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes is an aerobic, Gram negative soil bacterium that was first isolated from swimming pool water. It is able to use cyanide as a nitrogen source, and as a result it may be used for bioremediation. Based on 16S rRNA analysis, P. pseudoalcaligenes has been placed in the P....
- PeptostreptococcusPeptostreptococcusPeptostreptococcus is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria. The cells are small, spherical, and can occur in short chains, in pairs or individually. Peptostreptococcus are slow-growing bacteria with increasing resistance to antimicrobial drugs.The most frequently...
spp
Skin
- AcinetobacterAcinetobacterAcinetobacter [asz−in−ée−toe–back−ter] is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria. Acinetobacter species are non-motile and oxidase-negative, and occur in pairs under magnification....
spp - BacillusBacillusBacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes. Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase. Ubiquitous in nature, Bacillus includes both free-living and pathogenic species...
spp - Candida albicansCandida albicansCandida albicans is a diploid fungus that grows both as yeast and filamentous cells and a causal agent of opportunistic oral and genital infections in humans. Systemic fungal infections including those by C...
- CorynebacteriumCorynebacteriumCorynebacterium is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. They are widely distributed in nature and are mostly innocuous. Some are useful in industrial settings such as C. glutamicum. Others can cause human disease. C...
spp - Corynebacterium parvum
- Demodex folliculorumDemodex folliculorumDemodex folliculorum is a species of face mite. D. folliculorum is one of the parasitic face mites that occur on people . Demodex derives from the Greek roots, demos- fat, and dex- worm. When large numbers of D...
- Enterobacter cloacaeEnterobacter cloacaeEnterobacter cloacae is a clinically significant Gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.-Microbiology:*BioHazard Level: 1 *Growth Temperature: 30°CAppropriate growth media:nutrient agar, nutrient broth...
- Epidermophyton floccosumEpidermophyton floccosumEpidermophyton floccosum is an anthropophilic dermatophyte which can be found world-wide.-Taxonomy:The fungus was originally described by Carl Otto Harz in 1870, who named it Acrothecium floccosum...
- MicrococcusMicrococcusMicrococcus is a genus of bacteria in the Micrococcaceae family. Micrococcus occurs in a wide range of environments, including water, dust, and soil. Micrococci have Gram-positive spherical cells ranging from about 0.5 to 3 micrometers in diameter and are typically appear in tetrads...
spp - Micrococcus luteusMicrococcus luteusMicrococcus luteus is a Gram-positive, spherical, saprotrophic bacterium that belongs to the family Micrococcaceae. An obligate aerobe, M. luteus is found in soil, dust, water and air, and as part of the normal flora of the mammalian skin...
- MycobacteriumMycobacteriumMycobacterium is a genus of Actinobacteria, given its own family, the Mycobacteriaceae. The genus includes pathogens known to cause serious diseases in mammals, including tuberculosis and leprosy...
spp - NeisseriaNeisseriaThe Neisseria is a large genus of commensal bacteria that colonize the mucosal surfaces of many animals. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens. N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae often cause asymptomatic infections, a commensal-like behavior...
spp - PeptostreptococcusPeptostreptococcusPeptostreptococcus is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria. The cells are small, spherical, and can occur in short chains, in pairs or individually. Peptostreptococcus are slow-growing bacteria with increasing resistance to antimicrobial drugs.The most frequently...
spp - Pityrosporum ovale
- PropionibacteriumPropionibacteriumPropionibacterium is a genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: They are able to synthesize propionic acid by using unusual transcarboxylase enzymes....
spp - Propionibacterium acnesPropionibacterium acnesPropionibacterium acnes is a relatively slow growing, typically aerotolerant anaerobic gram positive bacterium that is linked to the skin condition acne; it can also cause chronic blepharitis and endophthalmitis, the latter particularly following intraocular surgery...
- Pseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosaPseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterium that can cause disease in animals, including humans. It is found in soil, water, skin flora, and most man-made environments throughout the world. It thrives not only in normal atmospheres, but also in hypoxic atmospheres, and has, thus, colonized many...
- SarcinaSarcina (genus)Sarcina is a genus of Gram-positive cocci bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. A synthesizer of microbial cellulose, they have a cuboidal cell arrangement...
spp - Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. It is frequently found as part of the normal skin flora on the skin and nasal passages. It is estimated that 20% of the human population are long-term carriers of S. aureus. S. aureus is the most common species of...
- Staphylococcus epidermidisStaphylococcus epidermidisStaphylococcus epidermidis is one of thirty-three known species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is part of human skin flora, and consequently part of human flora. It can also be found in the mucous membranes and in animals. Due to contamination, it is probably the most common species...
- Staphylococcus haemolyticusStaphylococcus haemolyticusStaphylococcus haemolyticus is a member of the coagulase-negative staphylococci . It is part of the skin flora of humans, and its largest populations are usually found at the axillae, perineum, and inguinal areas. S. haemolyticus also colonizes prosimians, monkeys, and domestic animals...
- Streptococcus viridansStreptococcus viridansViridans Streptococcus is a pseudotaxonomic non-Linnaenan term for a large group of commensal streptococcal bacteria that are either α-hemolytic, producing a green coloration on blood agar plates , or nonhemolytic...
- TrichophytonTrichophytonThe fungus genus Trichophyton is characterized by the development of both smooth-walled macro- and microconidia. Macroconidia are mostly borne laterally directly on the hyphae or on short pedicels, and are thin- or thick-walled, clavate to fusiform, and range from 4 to 8 by 8 to 50 um in size....
spp
External ear
- CorynebacteriumCorynebacteriumCorynebacterium is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. They are widely distributed in nature and are mostly innocuous. Some are useful in industrial settings such as C. glutamicum. Others can cause human disease. C...
spp - Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. It is frequently found as part of the normal skin flora on the skin and nasal passages. It is estimated that 20% of the human population are long-term carriers of S. aureus. S. aureus is the most common species of...
- Staphylococcus epidermidisStaphylococcus epidermidisStaphylococcus epidermidis is one of thirty-three known species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is part of human skin flora, and consequently part of human flora. It can also be found in the mucous membranes and in animals. Due to contamination, it is probably the most common species...
Mucous membranes
- Chlamydia trachomatisChlamydia trachomatisChlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular human pathogen, is one of three bacterial species in the genus Chlamydia. C. trachomatis is a Gram-negative bacteria, therefore its cell wall components retain the counter-stain safranin and appear pink under a light microscope.The inclusion bodies...
- Hemophilus influenzae
- Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. It is frequently found as part of the normal skin flora on the skin and nasal passages. It is estimated that 20% of the human population are long-term carriers of S. aureus. S. aureus is the most common species of...
- Staphylococcus epidermidisStaphylococcus epidermidisStaphylococcus epidermidis is one of thirty-three known species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is part of human skin flora, and consequently part of human flora. It can also be found in the mucous membranes and in animals. Due to contamination, it is probably the most common species...
Conjunctive
- Chlamydia trachomatisChlamydia trachomatisChlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular human pathogen, is one of three bacterial species in the genus Chlamydia. C. trachomatis is a Gram-negative bacteria, therefore its cell wall components retain the counter-stain safranin and appear pink under a light microscope.The inclusion bodies...
- Chlamydophila pneumoniaeChlamydophila pneumoniaeChlamydophila pneumoniae is a species of Chlamydophila, an obligate intracellular bacteria that infects humans and is a major cause of pneumonia....
- Haemophilus aegyptius
- Haemophilus influenzaeHaemophilus influenzaeHaemophilus influenzae, formerly called Pfeiffer's bacillus or Bacillus influenzae, Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium first described in 1892 by Richard Pfeiffer during an influenza pandemic. A member of the Pasteurellaceae family, it is generally aerobic, but can grow as a facultative anaerobe. H...
- MoraxellaMoraxellaMoraxella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the Moraxellaceae family. It is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Victor Morax. The organisms are short rods, coccobacilli or, as in the case of Moraxella catarrhalis, diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase-positive and...
spp - NeisseriaNeisseriaThe Neisseria is a large genus of commensal bacteria that colonize the mucosal surfaces of many animals. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens. N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae often cause asymptomatic infections, a commensal-like behavior...
spp - Staphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureusStaphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. It is frequently found as part of the normal skin flora on the skin and nasal passages. It is estimated that 20% of the human population are long-term carriers of S. aureus. S. aureus is the most common species of...
- Staphylococcus epidermidisStaphylococcus epidermidisStaphylococcus epidermidis is one of thirty-three known species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is part of human skin flora, and consequently part of human flora. It can also be found in the mucous membranes and in animals. Due to contamination, it is probably the most common species...
- Streptococcus viridansStreptococcus viridansViridans Streptococcus is a pseudotaxonomic non-Linnaenan term for a large group of commensal streptococcal bacteria that are either α-hemolytic, producing a green coloration on blood agar plates , or nonhemolytic...
Gastro-intestinal tract
| Binomial name | Location |
|---|---|
| Achromobacter Achromobacter The Achromobacter are a genus of bacteria, included in the order Burkholderiales. The cells are straight rods and are motile by using 1 – 20 peritrichous flagella. They are strictly aerobic and are found in water and soils.... spp |
Large intestine, small intestine (Ileon) |
| Acidaminococcus fermentans | Large intestine |
| Acinetobacter cacoaceticus | Large intestine |
| Actinomyces Actinomyces Actinomyces from Greek "actino" that means mucus and fungus, is a genus of the actinobacteria class of bacteria. They are all Gram-positive and are characterized by contiguous spread, suppurative and granulomatous inflammation, and formation of multiple abscesses and sinus tracts that may... spp |
Amygdala |
| Actinomyces viscosus | Mouth |
| Actinomyces naeslundii Actinomyces naeslundii Actinomyces naeslundii are Gram positive rod shaped bacteria that occupy the oral cavity. They have been implicated in periodontal disease and root caries. These bacteria are also associated with good oral health... |
Mouth |
| Aeromonas Aeromonas Aeromonas is a gram-negative, facultative anaerobic rod that morphologically resembles members of the family Enterobacteriaceae. Fourteen species of Aeromonas have been described, most of which have been associated with human diseases. The most important pathogens are A. hydrophila, A. caviae, and... spp |
Large intestine, small intestine (Ileon) |
| Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans is an oral commensal found also in severe infections in the oral cavity, mainly the periodontium. A. actinomycetemcomitans, previously Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, is a gram negative facultative non-motile rod. It is also associated with non-oral... |
Mouth |
| Anaerobiospirillum Anaerobiospirillum Anaerobiospirillum is a gram-negative anaerobic bacteria recognized as human flora in human gastrointestinal tract, mainly in the human feces.... spp |
Feces |
| Alcaligenes faecalis Alcaligenes faecalis Alcaligenes faecalis is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile, non-nitrate reducing, oxidase positive, catalase positive, beta hemolytic, and citrate positive obligate aerobe that is commonly found in the environment. It was originally named for its first discovery in feces, but was later found to be... |
Large intestine, small intestine (Ileon) |
| Arachnia propionica | Mouth |
| Bacillus Bacillus Bacillus is a genus of Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacteria and a member of the division Firmicutes. Bacillus species can be obligate aerobes or facultative anaerobes, and test positive for the enzyme catalase. Ubiquitous in nature, Bacillus includes both free-living and pathogenic species... spp |
Large intestine |
| Bacteroides Bacteroides Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, bacillus bacteria. Bacteroides species are non-endospore-forming, anaerobes, and may be either motile or non-motile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40-48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids... spp |
Mouth, amygdala |
| Bacteroides gingivalis | Mouth |
| Bacteroides fragilis Bacteroides fragilis Bacteroides fragilis is a Gram-negative bacillus bacterium species, and an obligate anaerobe of the gut.B. fragilis group is the most commonly isolated bacteriodaceae in anaerobic infections especially those that originate from the gastrointestinal flora. B. fragilis is the most prevalent organism... |
General distribution |
| Bacteroides intermedius | Mouth |
| Bacteroides melaninogenicus Bacteroides melaninogenicus Bacteroides melaninogenicus is a normal flora found in the upper respiratory tract. it is an important human pathogen in various anaerobic infections often mixed with other aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.... |
Mouth, feces |
| Bacteroides pneumosintes | Pharynx |
| Bacterionema matruchotii (Corynebacterium matruchotii, new combination 1983 IJSB 33:438) |
Gingiva |
| Bifidobacterium Bifidobacterium Bifidobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, non-motile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous, endosymbiotic inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina and mouth of mammals and other animals. Bifidobacteria are one of the major genera of bacteria that make up the colon... spp |
Large intestine, feces |
| Buchnera aphidicola | Mouth |
| Butyriviberio fibrosolvens | Large intestine |
| Campylobacter Campylobacter Campylobacter is a genus of bacteria that are Gram-negative, spiral, and microaerophilic. Motile, with either unipolar or bipolar flagella, the organisms have a characteristic spiral/corkscrew appearance and are oxidase-positive. Campylobacter jejuni is now recognized as one of the main causes... spp |
Large intestine |
| Campylobacter coli | General distribution |
| Campylobacter sputorum | Mouth |
| Campylobacter upsaliensis Campylobacter upsaliensis Campylobacter upsaliensis is a species of campylobacter. It can be found in cats and dogs.-Etymology:Campylobacter upsaliensis is named after Uppsala, Sweden, where it was first discovered.- Pathogenesis :... |
Mouth |
| Candida albicans Candida albicans Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that grows both as yeast and filamentous cells and a causal agent of opportunistic oral and genital infections in humans. Systemic fungal infections including those by C... |
Mouth |
| Capnocytophaga Capnocytophaga Capnocytophaga is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. Normally found in the oropharyngeal tract of mammals, they are involved in the pathogenesis of some animal bite wounds as well as periodontal diseases.... spp |
Mouth |
| Clostridium Clostridium Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, belonging to the Firmicutes. They are obligate anaerobes capable of producing endospores. Individual cells are rod-shaped, which gives them their name, from the Greek kloster or spindle... spp |
Large intestine, small intestine (Ileon) |
| Citrobacter freundii Citrobacter freundii Citrobacter freundii are aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. The bacteria are long rod-shaped with a typically length of 1-5 μm. Most C. freundii cells are surrounded by several flagella used for locomotion, but a few are non-motile. It can be found in soil, water, sewage, food and the intestinal tracts... |
Sputum |
| Clostridium difficile Clostridium difficile Clostridium difficile , also known as "CDF/cdf", or "C... |
Large intestine |
| Clostridium sordellii Clostridium sordellii Clostridium sordellii is a rare anaerobic, gram-positive, spore forming rod with peritrichous flagella that is capable of causing pneumonia, endocarditis, arthritis, peritonitis, and myonecrosis. C. sordellii bacteremia and sepsis occur rarely. Most cases of sepsis from C. sordellii occur in... |
Stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectus, anus channel |
| Corynebacterium Corynebacterium Corynebacterium is a genus of Gram-positive rod-shaped bacteria. They are widely distributed in nature and are mostly innocuous. Some are useful in industrial settings such as C. glutamicum. Others can cause human disease. C... spp |
Mouth |
| Eikenella corrodens | General distribution, mouth |
| Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacter cloacae Enterobacter cloacae is a clinically significant Gram-negative, facultatively-anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium.-Microbiology:*BioHazard Level: 1 *Growth Temperature: 30°CAppropriate growth media:nutrient agar, nutrient broth... |
General distribution |
| Enterococcus Enterococcus Enterococcus is a genus of lactic acid bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes. Enterococci are Gram-positive cocci that often occur in pairs or short chains, and are difficult to distinguish from streptococci on physical characteristics alone. Two species are common commensal organisms in the... spp |
Mouth, amygdala |
| Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecalis Enterococcus faecalis – formerly classified as part of the Group D Streptococcus system – is a Gram-positive, commensal bacterium inhabiting the gastrointestinal tracts of humans and other mammals. It is among the main constituents of some probiotic food supplements. Like other species in the genus... |
General distribution |
| Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus faecium Enterococcus faecium is a Gram-positive, alpha hemolytic or nonhemolytic bacterium in the genus Enterococcus. It can be commensal in the human intestine, but it may also be pathogenic, causing diseases such as neonatal meningitis.Vancomycin-resistant E. faecium is often referred to as VRE.Some... |
General distribution |
| Escherichia coli Escherichia coli Escherichia coli is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the lower intestine of warm-blooded organisms . Most E. coli strains are harmless, but some serotypes can cause serious food poisoning in humans, and are occasionally responsible for product recalls... |
General distribution |
| Eubacterium Eubacterium Eubacterium is a Gram positive bacteria genus in the family Eubacteriaceae.... spp |
Mouth |
| Flavobacterium Flavobacterium Flavobacterium is a genus of Gram-negative, non-motile and motile, rod-shaped bacteria that consists of ten recognized species, as well as three newly proposed species . Flavobacteria are found in soil and fresh water in a variety of environments... spp |
Large intestine, small intestine (Ileon) |
| Fusobacterium Fusobacterium Fusobacterium is a genus of filamentous, anaerobic, Gram-negative bacteria, similar to Bacteroides.Fusobacterium contribute to several human diseases, including periodontal diseases, Lemierre's syndrome, and topical skin ulcers... spp |
Mouth, amygdala |
| Fusobacterium nucleatum Fusobacterium nucleatum Fusobacterium nucleatum is an oral bacterium, indigenous to the human oral cavity, that plays a role in periodontal disease. This organism is commonly recovered from different monomicrobial and mixed infections in humans and animals... |
Mouth |
| Gordonia Bacterium spp | Sputum |
| Haemophilius parainfluenzae | Mouth |
| Haemophilus paraphrophilus Haemophilus paraphrophilus Haemophilus paraphrophilus is a species of Haemophilus.It is one of the HACEK organisms.... |
Mouth |
| Lactobacillus Lactobacillus Lactobacillus is a genus of Gram-positive facultative anaerobic or microaerophilic rod-shaped bacteria. They are a major part of the lactic acid bacteria group, named as such because most of its members convert lactose and other sugars to lactic acid. They are common and usually benign... spp |
Mouth, Saliva |
| Leptotrichia buccalis Leptotrichia buccalis Leptotrichia buccalis is an anaerobic, gram-negative rod. It is a constituent of normal oral flora.Almost every case of severe infection with Leptotrichia buccalis reported in medical literature occurred in patients with neutropenia.... |
Mouth |
| Morganella morganii Morganella morganii Morganella morganii is a species of Gram-negative bacillus bacteria. It is oxidase-negative and conducts anaerobic respiration. It causes a disease known as Summer Diarrhea.... |
Feces |
| Mycobacteria spp | Large intestine, small intestine (Ileon) |
| Mycoplasma Mycoplasma Mycoplasma refers to a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall. Without a cell wall, they are unaffected by many common antibiotics such as penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. They can be parasitic or saprotrophic. Several species are pathogenic in humans,... spp |
Large intestine, small intestine (Ileon) |
| Micrococcus Micrococcus Micrococcus is a genus of bacteria in the Micrococcaceae family. Micrococcus occurs in a wide range of environments, including water, dust, and soil. Micrococci have Gram-positive spherical cells ranging from about 0.5 to 3 micrometers in diameter and are typically appear in tetrads... spp |
Mouth, Amygdala |
| Mycoplasma Mycoplasma Mycoplasma refers to a genus of bacteria that lack a cell wall. Without a cell wall, they are unaffected by many common antibiotics such as penicillin or other beta-lactam antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis. They can be parasitic or saprotrophic. Several species are pathogenic in humans,... spp |
Mouth |
| Mycobacterium chelonae Mycobacterium chelonae Mycobacterium chelonae is a rapidly growing mycobacterium, that is found all throughout the environment including sewage and tap water. It can occasionally cause opportunistic infections of humans.It is grouped in Runyon group IV.... |
Sputum |
| Neisseria Neisseria The Neisseria is a large genus of commensal bacteria that colonize the mucosal surfaces of many animals. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens. N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae often cause asymptomatic infections, a commensal-like behavior... spp |
Mouth |
| Neisseria sicca Neisseria sicca Neisseria sicca is a commensal organism belonging to the genus Neisseria. It is gram-negative and oxidase-positive. There are multiple strains of this species, some of which are reported to have caused septicaemia in immunocompromised patients. These bacteria are the first among Neisseria species... |
Saliva, sputum |
| Peptococcus spp | Mouth, large intestine |
| Peptostreptococcus Peptostreptococcus Peptostreptococcus is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria. The cells are small, spherical, and can occur in short chains, in pairs or individually. Peptostreptococcus are slow-growing bacteria with increasing resistance to antimicrobial drugs.The most frequently... spp |
Mouth, amygdala |
| Plesiomonas shigelloides Plesiomonas shigelloides Plesiomonas shigelloides is a species of bacteria. It is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium which has been isolated from freshwater, freshwater fish, and shellfish and from many types of animals including cattle, goats, swine, cats, dogs, monkeys, vultures, snakes, and toads.Infections from this... |
General distribution |
| Porphyromonas gingivalis Porphyromonas gingivalis Porphyromonas gingivalis belongs to the phylum Bacteroidetes and is a non-motile, gram-negative, rod-shaped, anaerobic pathogenic bacterium. It forms black colonies on blood agar.... |
Mouth |
| Propionibacterium Propionibacterium Propionibacterium is a genus of bacteria named for their unique metabolism: They are able to synthesize propionic acid by using unusual transcarboxylase enzymes.... spp |
Large intestine |
| Propionibacterium acnes Propionibacterium acnes Propionibacterium acnes is a relatively slow growing, typically aerotolerant anaerobic gram positive bacterium that is linked to the skin condition acne; it can also cause chronic blepharitis and endophthalmitis, the latter particularly following intraocular surgery... |
General distribution |
| Providencia Providencia Providencia may refer to:* Providencia, Chile* Providencia District in Amazonas, Peru* Providencia Island, part of the San Andrés y Providencia Department district of Colombia in the Caribbean sea... spp |
Feces |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterium that can cause disease in animals, including humans. It is found in soil, water, skin flora, and most man-made environments throughout the world. It thrives not only in normal atmospheres, but also in hypoxic atmospheres, and has, thus, colonized many... |
Large intestine, small intestine (Ileon) |
| Ruminococcus bromii | Large intestine |
| Rothia dentocariosa Rothia dentocariosa Rothia dentocariosa is a species of gram-positive, round- to rod-shaped bacteria that is part of the normal community of microbes residing in the mouth and respiratory tract.... |
Mouth |
| Ruminococcus Ruminococcus Ruminococcus is a genus of bacteria in the class Clostridia. They are anaerobic, gram-positive gut microbes. One or more species in this genus are found in significant numbers in the intestines of humans. The type species is R. flavefaciens... spp |
Cecum, large intestine |
| Sarcina Sarcina (genus) Sarcina is a genus of Gram-positive cocci bacteria in the family Clostridiaceae. A synthesizer of microbial cellulose, they have a cuboidal cell arrangement... spp |
Large intestine |
| Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. It is frequently found as part of the normal skin flora on the skin and nasal passages. It is estimated that 20% of the human population are long-term carriers of S. aureus. S. aureus is the most common species of... |
Mouth, large intestine, small intestine (Ileon) |
| Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus epidermidis Staphylococcus epidermidis is one of thirty-three known species belonging to the genus Staphylococcus. It is part of human skin flora, and consequently part of human flora. It can also be found in the mucous membranes and in animals. Due to contamination, it is probably the most common species... |
Mouth |
| Streptococcus anginosus Streptococcus anginosus Streptococcus anginosus is a species of Streptococcus.Together with Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius they constitute the anginosus group, which is sometimes also referred to as the milleri group after the previously assumed single but later refuted species Streptococcus... |
General distribution |
| Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus mutans Streptococcus mutans is a facultatively aerobic, Gram-positive coccus-shaped bacterium commonly found in the human oral cavity and is a significant contributor to tooth decay.The microbe was first described by J Kilian Clarke in 1924.-Introduction:... |
Teeth: Dental plaque |
| Streptococcus oralis Streptococcus oralis Streptococcus oralis is a Gram positive bacterium that grows characteristically in chains. It forms small white colonies on a Wilkins-Chalgren agar plate. It is found in high numbers in the oral cavity. It has been classified as a member of the Streptococcus mitis group. Members of this group are... |
Teeth: Dental plaque |
| Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pneumoniae, or pneumococcus, is Gram-positive, alpha-hemolytic, aerotolerant anaerobic member of the genus Streptococcus. A significant human pathogenic bacterium, S... |
Amygdala |
| Streptococcus sobrinus Streptococcus sobrinus Streptococcus sobrinus is a Gram-positive, catalase-negative, non-motile, and anaerobic member of the genus Streptococcus.-Pathology:... |
Teeth: Dental plaque |
| Streptococcus viridans Streptococcus viridans Viridans Streptococcus is a pseudotaxonomic non-Linnaenan term for a large group of commensal streptococcal bacteria that are either α-hemolytic, producing a green coloration on blood agar plates , or nonhemolytic... |
Mouth, large intestine, small intestine (Ileon) |
| Torulopsis glabrata | Mouth |
| Treponema denticola Treponema denticola Treponema denticola is a motile and highly proteolytic bacterium. The Gram-negative oral spirochete is associated with the incidence and severity of human periodontal disease. Treponema denticola levels in the mouth are elevated in patients with periodontal diseases and the species is considered... |
Mouth |
| Treponema refringens | Mouth |
| Veillonella Veillonella Veillonella are gram-negative anaerobic cocci. This bacterium is well known for its lactate fermenting abilities. They are a normal bacterium in the intestines and oral mucosa of mammals... spp |
Mouth, amygdala, large Intestine |
| Vibrio Vibrio Vibrio is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria possessing a curved rod shape, several species of which can cause foodborne infection, usually associated with eating undercooked seafood. Typically found in saltwater, Vibrio are facultative anaerobes that test positive for oxidase and do not form... spp |
Large intestine, Small intestine (Ileon) |
| Vibrio sputorum | Mouth |
| Wolinella succinogenes | Mouth |
| Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia enterocolitica Yersinia enterocolitica is a species of gram-negative coccobacillus-shaped bacterium, belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae. Yersinia enterocolitica infection causes the disease yersiniosis, which is a zoonotic disease occurring in humans as well as a wide array of animals such as cattle,... |
Large intestine |
Respiratory tract
| Binomial name | Location |
|---|---|
| Acinetobacter Acinetobacter Acinetobacter [asz−in−ée−toe–back−ter] is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria. Acinetobacter species are non-motile and oxidase-negative, and occur in pairs under magnification.... spp |
Nasopharynx |
| Bacteroides pneumosintes | Pharynx |
| Bordetella parapertussis Bordetella parapertussis Bordetella parapertussis is a small Gram-negative bacterium of the genus Bordetella which is adapted to colonise the mammalian respiratory tract. Pertussis caused by B. parapertussis manifests with similar symptoms to B. pertussis-derived disease but tends to be generally less severe. Immunity... |
General distribution |
| Burkholderia cepacia complex Burkholderia cepacia complex Burkholderia cepacia complex , or simply Burkholderia cepacia is a group of catalase-producing, non-lactose-fermenting Gram-negative bacteria composed of at least seventeen different species, including B. cepacia, B. multivorans, B. cenocepacia, B. vietnamiensis, B. stabilis, B. ambifaria, B.... |
Lung |
| Campylobacter sputorum | Nasopharynx |
| Candida albicans Candida albicans Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that grows both as yeast and filamentous cells and a causal agent of opportunistic oral and genital infections in humans. Systemic fungal infections including those by C... |
Pharynx |
| Cardiobacterium spp | Nose |
| Chlamydophila pneumoniae Chlamydophila pneumoniae Chlamydophila pneumoniae is a species of Chlamydophila, an obligate intracellular bacteria that infects humans and is a major cause of pneumonia.... |
Lung |
| Citrobacter freundii Citrobacter freundii Citrobacter freundii are aerobic Gram-negative bacilli. The bacteria are long rod-shaped with a typically length of 1-5 μm. Most C. freundii cells are surrounded by several flagella used for locomotion, but a few are non-motile. It can be found in soil, water, sewage, food and the intestinal tracts... |
Throat |
| Eikenella corrodens | General distribution |
| Haemophilus Haemophilus Not to be confused with Haemophilia.Haemophilus is a genus of Gram-negative, pleomorphic, coccobacilli bacteria belonging to the Pasteurellaceae family. While Haemophilus bacteria are typically small coccobacilli, they are categorized as pleomorphic bacteria because of the wide range of shapes they... spp |
Nasopharynx |
| Haemophilius parainfluenzae | Pharynx |
| Haemophilus paraphrophilus Haemophilus paraphrophilus Haemophilus paraphrophilus is a species of Haemophilus.It is one of the HACEK organisms.... |
Pharynx |
| Kingella spp | Upper respiratory Tract |
| Kingella kingae Kingella kingae Kingella kingae is a species of gram-negative aerobic coccobacilli. First isolated in 1960, it was not until the 1990s that culture techniques improved enough for it to become recognized as a significant cause of infection in young children... |
Upper respiratory Tract |
| Moraxella Moraxella Moraxella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria in the Moraxellaceae family. It is named after the Swiss ophthalmologist Victor Morax. The organisms are short rods, coccobacilli or, as in the case of Moraxella catarrhalis, diplococci in morphology, with asaccharolytic, oxidase-positive and... spp |
Nasopharynx |
| Moraxella catarrhalis Moraxella catarrhalis Moraxella catarrhalis is a fastidious, nonmotile, Gram-negative, aerobic, oxidase-positive diplococcus that can cause infections of the respiratory system, middle ear, eye, central nervous system and joints of humans.-History:... |
Nasopharynx |
| Mycoplasma orale | Oropharynx |
| Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycoplasma pneumoniae Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a very small bacterium in the class Mollicutes.It causes the disease mycoplasma pneumonia, a form of atypical bacterial pneumonia, and is related to cold agglutinin disease.-Cell wall/Treatment:... |
Respiratory epithelium |
| Neisseria Neisseria The Neisseria is a large genus of commensal bacteria that colonize the mucosal surfaces of many animals. Of the 11 species that colonize humans, only two are pathogens. N. meningitidis and N. gonorrhoeae often cause asymptomatic infections, a commensal-like behavior... spp |
Nasopharynx |
| Neisseria cinerea | Nasopharynx |
| Neisseria elongata Neisseria elongata Neisseria elongata is a Gram negative bacterium and is different from the other cocci shaped members of the genus Neisseria as it is rod shaped. Unlike other Neisseria it is catalase negative.... |
Pharynx |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococci , or gonococcus , is a species of Gram-negative coffee bean-shaped diplococci bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea.N... |
Pharynx |
| Neisseria lactamica Neisseria lactamica Neisseria lactamica is a gram-negative diplococcus bacterium. It is strictly a commensal species of the nasopharynx. Uniquely among the Neisseria they are able to produce β-D-galactosidase and ferment lactose .... |
Nasopharynx |
| Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria meningitidis Neisseria meningitidis, often referred to as meningococcus, is a bacterium that can cause meningitis and other forms of meningococcal disease such as meningococcemia, a life threatening sepsis. N. meningitidis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during childhood in industrialized countries... |
Nasopharynx |
| Neisseria mucosa Neisseria mucosa Neisseria mucosa is a species of Neisseria.It is notable among Neisseria for its ability to metabolize sucrose.It can cause Endocarditis.... |
Nasopharynx |
| Neisseria sicca Neisseria sicca Neisseria sicca is a commensal organism belonging to the genus Neisseria. It is gram-negative and oxidase-positive. There are multiple strains of this species, some of which are reported to have caused septicaemia in immunocompromised patients. These bacteria are the first among Neisseria species... |
Nasopharynx |
| Peptococcus spp | Upper respiratory tract |
| Peptostreptococcus Peptostreptococcus Peptostreptococcus is a genus of anaerobic, Gram-positive, non-spore forming bacteria. The cells are small, spherical, and can occur in short chains, in pairs or individually. Peptostreptococcus are slow-growing bacteria with increasing resistance to antimicrobial drugs.The most frequently... spp |
Pharynx |
| Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a common bacterium that can cause disease in animals, including humans. It is found in soil, water, skin flora, and most man-made environments throughout the world. It thrives not only in normal atmospheres, but also in hypoxic atmospheres, and has, thus, colonized many... |
Lung |
| Selenomonas sputigena | Nasopharynx |
| Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. It is frequently found as part of the normal skin flora on the skin and nasal passages. It is estimated that 20% of the human population are long-term carriers of S. aureus. S. aureus is the most common species of... |
Nose |
| Streptobacillus Streptobacillus Streptobacillus is a genus of aerobic, gram-negative facultative anaerobe bacteria, which grow in culture as rods in chains.Species associated with infection - S. moniliformisReported susceptibilities and therapies - penicillin, erythromycin-Diseases:... spp |
Throat, nasopharynx |
| Streptococcus constellatus Streptococcus constellatus -Introduction:Streptococcus constellatus is a species of Streptococcus part of the normal flora in the oral cavity, urogenital region, and intestinal tract. However, it can frequently cause purulent infections in other parts of the body. DNA homology studies and 16S rRNA sequence analysis... |
Oropharynx |
| Streptococcus intermedius Streptococcus intermedius Streptococcus intermedius is a commensal bacterium and a member of the Streptococcus anginosus group. The S. anginosus group, occasionally termed “Streptococcus milleri group” display hemolytic and serologic diversity, yet share core physiological traits. Despite being commensal organisms, members... |
Oropharynx |
| Streptococcus mitis Streptococcus mitis Streptococcus mitis is a mesophilic alpha-hemolytic species of Streptococcus that inhabits the human mouth. It is a Gram positive, coccus, facultative anaerobe and catalase negative. It can cause endocarditis... |
General distribution |
| Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus pyogenes is a spherical, Gram-positive bacterium that is the cause of group A streptococcal infections. S. pyogenes displays streptococcal group A antigen on its cell wall. S... |
Upper respiratory tract |
| Streptococcus viridans Streptococcus viridans Viridans Streptococcus is a pseudotaxonomic non-Linnaenan term for a large group of commensal streptococcal bacteria that are either α-hemolytic, producing a green coloration on blood agar plates , or nonhemolytic... |
Pharynx |
Urogenital tract
| Binomial name | Location |
|---|---|
| Acinetobacter Acinetobacter Acinetobacter [asz−in−ée−toe–back−ter] is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the Gammaproteobacteria. Acinetobacter species are non-motile and oxidase-negative, and occur in pairs under magnification.... spp |
Anterior urethra, vagina |
| Bacteroides Bacteroides Bacteroides is a genus of Gram-negative, bacillus bacteria. Bacteroides species are non-endospore-forming, anaerobes, and may be either motile or non-motile, depending on the species. The DNA base composition is 40-48% GC. Unusual in bacterial organisms, Bacteroides membranes contain sphingolipids... spp |
External genitalia |
| Bifidobacterium Bifidobacterium Bifidobacterium is a genus of Gram-positive, non-motile, often branched anaerobic bacteria. They are ubiquitous, endosymbiotic inhabitants of the gastrointestinal tract, vagina and mouth of mammals and other animals. Bifidobacteria are one of the major genera of bacteria that make up the colon... spp |
Vagina |
| Candida albicans Candida albicans Candida albicans is a diploid fungus that grows both as yeast and filamentous cells and a causal agent of opportunistic oral and genital infections in humans. Systemic fungal infections including those by C... |
Anterior urethra, external genitalia, vagina |
| Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydia trachomatis Chlamydia trachomatis, an obligate intracellular human pathogen, is one of three bacterial species in the genus Chlamydia. C. trachomatis is a Gram-negative bacteria, therefore its cell wall components retain the counter-stain safranin and appear pink under a light microscope.The inclusion bodies... |
Urethra, vagina, fallopian tubes, prostate gland |
| Clostridium Clostridium Clostridium is a genus of Gram-positive bacteria, belonging to the Firmicutes. They are obligate anaerobes capable of producing endospores. Individual cells are rod-shaped, which gives them their name, from the Greek kloster or spindle... spp |
Vagina |
| Coryenbacterium spp | Anterior urethra, external genitalia, vagina |
| Enterobacteriaceae Enterobacteriaceae The Enterobacteriaceae is a large family of bacteria that includes many of the more familiar pathogens, such as Salmonella, Escherichia coli, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella and Shigella. This family is the only representative in the order Enterobacteriales of the class Gammaproteobacteria in the... |
Anterior urethra, external genitalia, vagina |
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria gonorrhoeae Neisseria gonorrhoeae, also known as gonococci , or gonococcus , is a species of Gram-negative coffee bean-shaped diplococci bacteria responsible for the sexually transmitted infection gonorrhea.N... |
Urethra, vagina, prostate gland |
| Streptococcus viridans Streptococcus viridans Viridans Streptococcus is a pseudotaxonomic non-Linnaenan term for a large group of commensal streptococcal bacteria that are either α-hemolytic, producing a green coloration on blood agar plates , or nonhemolytic... |
Anterior urethra, external genitalia, vagina |
| Eikenella corrodens | General distribution |
| Streptococcus anginosus Streptococcus anginosus Streptococcus anginosus is a species of Streptococcus.Together with Streptococcus constellatus and Streptococcus intermedius they constitute the anginosus group, which is sometimes also referred to as the milleri group after the previously assumed single but later refuted species Streptococcus... |
General distribution |
| Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus Staphylococcus aureus is a facultative anaerobic Gram-positive coccal bacterium. It is frequently found as part of the normal skin flora on the skin and nasal passages. It is estimated that 20% of the human population are long-term carriers of S. aureus. S. aureus is the most common species of... |
Perineum |
| Gardnerella vaginalis | Female reproductive system |
| Mycoplasma hominis Mycoplasma hominis Mycoplasma hominis is a strain of bacteria present in the vagina. It may or may not belong to the normal vaginal flora. It is also believed to be a cause of pelvic inflammatory disease. If so, it would be only one of many known causes.... |
Cervix, vagina |
| Mobiluncus curtisii | Vagina |
| Mobiluncus mulieris | Vagina |