List of Schedule IV drugs
Encyclopedia
This is a list of Schedule IV drugs under the Controlled Substances Act
for the United States
.
Required findings for drugs to be placed in this schedule:
The complete list of Schedule IV drugs are as follows. The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number
for each drug is included.
This is a list of Schedule IV drugs under the Controlled Substances Act
for the United States
.
Required findings for drugs to be placed in this schedule:
The complete list of Schedule IV drugs are as follows. The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number
for each drug is included.
This is a list of Schedule IV drugs under the Controlled Substances Act
for the United States
.
Required findings for drugs to be placed in this schedule:
The complete list of Schedule IV drugs are as follows. The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number
for each drug is included.
Controlled Substances Act
The Controlled Substances Act was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. The CSA is the federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use and distribution of certain...
for the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
Required findings for drugs to be placed in this schedule:
- The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III.
- The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.
- Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III.
The complete list of Schedule IV drugs are as follows. The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number
Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number
The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number is a number assigned to drugs listed on the schedules created by the Controlled Substances Act. The ACSCN is defined in 21 CFR § 1308.03....
for each drug is included.
Narcotics
ACSCN Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number is a number assigned to drugs listed on the schedules created by the Controlled Substances Act. The ACSCN is defined in 21 CFR § 1308.03.... | Drug |
---|---|
9167 | Not more than 1 milligram of difenoxin Difenoxin Difenoxin is a 4-phenylpiperidine derivative that is related to the opioid analgesic drug pethidine and more distantly related to alphaprodine and piritramide, and it is an active metabolite of the anti-diarrhoea drug diphenoxylate. Difenoxin et al... and not less than 25 micrograms of atropine Atropine Atropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade , Jimson weed , mandrake and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects... sulfate per dosage unit |
9278 | Dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene, manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company, is an analgesic in the opioid category. It is intended to treat mild pain and has, in addition, anti-tussive and local anesthetic effects. It has been taken off the market in Europe and the US due to concerns of fatal overdoses and... |
Depressants
ACSCN Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number is a number assigned to drugs listed on the schedules created by the Controlled Substances Act. The ACSCN is defined in 21 CFR § 1308.03.... | Drug |
---|---|
2882 | Alprazolam Alprazolam Alprazolam is a short-acting anxiolytic of the benzodiazepine class of psychoactive drugs. Alprazolam, like other benzodiazepines, binds to specific sites on the GABAA gamma-amino-butyric acid receptor... |
2145 | Barbital Barbital Barbital , also called barbitone, was the first commercially marketed barbiturate. It was used as a sleeping aid from 1903 until the mid-1950s. The chemical names for barbital are diethylmalonyl urea or diethylbarbituric acid... |
2748 | Bromazepam Bromazepam Bromazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug, patented by Roche in the 1963 and developed clinically in the 1970s... |
2749 | Camazepam Camazepam Camazepam is a benzodiazepine psychoactive drug which is the dimethyl carbamate ester of temazepam, a metabolite of diazepam... |
2460 | Chloral betaine Chloral Betaine Chloral betaine is a sleeping tablet or sedative which the body converts to chloral hydrate. Like other drugs of this type chloral betaine is addictive, a small proportion of users who take the drug develop serious or unpleasant side effects.-References:**... |
2465 | Chloral hydrate Chloral hydrate Chloral hydrate is a sedative and hypnotic drug as well as a chemical reagent and precursor. The name chloral hydrate indicates that it is formed from chloral by the addition of one molecule of water. Its chemical formula is C2H3Cl3O2.... |
2744 | Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide, is a sedative/hypnotic drug and benzodiazepine. It is marketed under the trade names Angirex, Klopoxid, Librax , Libritabs, Librium, Mesural, Multum, Novapam, Risolid, Silibrin, Sonimen and Tropium.Chlordiazepoxide was the first benzodiazepine to be synthesised and... |
2751 | Clobazam Clobazam Clobazam , is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has been marketed as an anxiolytic since 1975 and an anticonvulsant since 1984... |
2737 | Clonazepam Clonazepam Clonazepamis a benzodiazepine drug having anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and hypnotic properties. It is marketed by Roche under the trade name Klonopin in the United States and Rivotril in Australia, Brazil, Canada and Europe... |
2768 | Clorazepate Clorazepate Clorazepate , also known as clorazepate dipotassium, is a drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Clorazepate is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam, which is rapidly produced as an active metabolite... |
2752 | Clotiazepam Clotiazepam Clotiazepam is a thienodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. The clotiazepam molecule differs from most other benzodiazepines in that the benzene ring has been replaced by a thiophene ring... |
2753 | Cloxazolam Cloxazolam Cloxazolam Cloxazolam Cloxazolam (marketed under brand name Sepazon, Olcadil (Brazil, Portugal and Spain), Akton (Belgium), Lubalix (Switzerland) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. Cloxazolam is metabolised into the active metabolite chlordesmethyldiazepam (delorazepam)... |
2754 | Delorazepam Delorazepam Delorazepam also known as chlordesmethyldiazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine and a derivative of desmethyldiazepam. It is marketed in Italy, where it is available under the trade name EN and Dadumir. Delorazepam is also an active metabolite of the benzodiazepine drug cloxazolam... |
2765 | Diazepam Diazepam Diazepam , first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche is a benzodiazepine drug. Diazepam is also marketed in Australia as Antenex. It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures including status epilepticus, muscle spasms , restless legs syndrome, alcohol withdrawal,... |
2467 | Dichloraphenazone |
2756 | Estazolam Estazolam Estazolam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Upjohn in the 1970s. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties... |
2540 | Ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol is a sedative and hypnotic medication developed by Pfizer in the 1950s. It has been used to treat insomnia, but has been largely superseded and is only offered where an intolerance or allergy to other drugs exists.... |
2545 | Ethinamate Ethinamate Ethinamate is a short-acting carbamate-derivative sedative-hypnotic medication used to treat insomnia. Regular use leads to drug tolerance, and it is usually not effective for more than 7 days... |
2758 | Ethyl loflazepate Ethyl loflazepate Ethyl loflazepate is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties... |
2759 | Fludiazepam Fludiazepam Fludiazepam was developed by Hoffman-LaRoche in the 1960s and is marketed in Japan and Taiwan in 0.25mg tablets under the brand name Erispan is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative and is closely related to diazepam. It exerts its pharmacological properties via enhancement of GABAergic... |
2763 | Flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam is marketed as a potent hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, amnestic, and skeletal muscle relaxant drug most commonly known as Rohypnol... † |
2767 | Flurazepam Flurazepam Flurazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It produces a metabolite with a very long half-life , which may stay in the bloodstream for up to four days... |
2762 | Halazepam Halazepam Halazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative and is marketed under the brand names Alapryl and Pacinone It is no longer marketed in the United States. It had been marketed under the name Paxipam, but was withdrawn by its manufacturer, Schering Plough, for poor sales. It possesses anxiolytic,... |
2771 | Haloxazolam Haloxazolam Haloxazolam , is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has similar hypnotic properties as the benzodiazepine drugs triazolam, temazepam, and flunitrazepam and as such is indicated for the treatment insomnia... |
2772 | Ketazolam Ketazolam Ketazolam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative... |
2773 | Loprazolam Loprazolam Loprazolam marketed under the brand names Dormonoct, Havlane, Sonin, Somnovit, is a drug which is an imidazole benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is available in 1 mg tablets... |
2885 | Lorazepam Lorazepam Lorazepam is a high-potency short-to-intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine drug that has all five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative/hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antiemetic and muscle relaxant... |
2774 | Lormetazepam Lormetazepam Lormetazepam Lormetazepam Lormetazepam (INN, or methyl-lorazepam, is a drug which is a short to intermediate acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.... |
2800 | Mebutamate Mebutamate Mebutamate is a sedative and anxiolytic drug with anti-hypertensive effects. It has effects comparable to those of barbiturates such as secobarbital, but is only around 1/3 the potency of secobarbital as a sedative. Side effects include dizziness and headaches.... |
2836 | Medazepam Medazepam Medazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.... |
2820 | Meprobamate Meprobamate Meprobamate is a carbamate derivative which is used as an anxiolytic drug... |
2264 | Methohexital Methohexital Methohexital, also called methohexitone, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. It is classified as short-acting, and has a rapid onset of action... |
2250 | Methylphenobarbital Methylphenobarbital Methylphenobarbital , also known as mephobarbital and mephobarbitone , marketed under brand names such as Mebaral, Mephyltaletten, Phemiton, and Prominal, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative and is used primarily as an anticonvulsant, but also as a sedative and anxiolytic... (mephobarbital) |
2884 | Midazolam Midazolam Midazolam is a short-acting drug in the benzodiazepine class developed by Hoffmann-La Roche in the 1970s. The drug is used for treatment of acute seizures, moderate to severe insomnia, and for inducing sedation and amnesia before medical procedures. It possesses profoundly potent anxiolytic,... |
2837 | Nimetazepam Nimetazepam Nimetazepam is an intermediate-acting hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It was first synthesized by a team at Hoffmann-La Roche in 1962. It possesses hypnotic, anxiolytic, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Nimetazepam is also an anticonvulsant. It is sold in 5 mg... |
2834 | Nitrazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazepam is a type of benzodiazepine drug and is marketed in English-speaking countries under the following brand names: Alodorm, Arem, Insoma, Mogadon, Nitrados, Nitrazadon, Ormodon, Paxadorm, Remnos, and Somnite... |
2838 | Nordiazepam |
2835 | Oxazepam Oxazepam Oxazepam , is a drug which is a short to intermediate acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine derivative... |
2839 | Oxazolam Oxazolam Oxazolam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam.... |
2585 | Paraldehyde Paraldehyde Paraldehyde is the cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde molecules. Formally, it is a derivative of 1,3,5-trioxane. The corresponding tetramer is metaldehyde. A colourless liquid, it is sparingly soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol. Paraldehyde slowly oxidizes in air, turning brown and producing... |
2591 | Petrichloral Petrichloral Petrichloral is a sedative and hypnotic drug related to chloral hydrate. It is a Schedule IV drug in the USA.... |
2285 | Phenobarbital Phenobarbital Phenobarbital or phenobarbitone is a barbiturate, first marketed as Luminal by Friedr. Bayer et comp. It is the most widely used anticonvulsant worldwide, and the oldest still commonly used. It also has sedative and hypnotic properties but, as with other barbiturates, has been superseded by the... |
2883 | Pinazepam Pinazepam Pinazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.... |
2764 | Prazepam Prazepam Prazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Warner-Lambert in the 1960s. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Prazepam is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam which is an active metabolite of prazepam... |
2881 | Quazepam Quazepam Quazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by the Schering Corporation in the 1970s. Quazepam is indicated for the treatment of insomnia including sleep induction and sleep maintenance... |
2925 | Temazepam Temazepam Temazepam is an intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine. It is mostly prescribed for the short-term treatment of sleeplessness in patients who have difficulty maintaining sleep... † |
2886 | Tetrazepam Tetrazepam Tetrazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, hypnotic and muscle relaxant properties... |
2887 | Triazolam Triazolam Triazolam is a benzodiazepine drug. It possesses pharmacological properties similar to that of other benzodiazepines, but it is generally only used as a sedative to treat severe insomnia... |
2781 | Zaleplon Zaleplon Zaleplon is a sedative/hypnotic, mainly used for insomnia. It is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic from the pyrazolopyrimidine class. In terms of adverse effects zaleplon appears to offer little improvement compared to both benzodiazepines and other non-benzodiazepine Z-drugs.Sonata is manufactured by... |
2783 | Zolpidem Zolpidem Zolpidem is a prescription medication used for the short-term treatment of insomnia, as well as some brain disorders. It is a short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic of the imidazopyridine class that potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid , an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to GABAA... |
2784 | Zopiclone Zopiclone Zopiclone is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia. In the United States, zopiclone is not commercially available, although its active stereoisomer, eszopiclone, is sold under the name Lunesta... |
This is a list of Schedule IV drugs under the Controlled Substances Act
Controlled Substances Act
The Controlled Substances Act was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. The CSA is the federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use and distribution of certain...
for the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
Required findings for drugs to be placed in this schedule:
- The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III.
- The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.
- Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III.
The complete list of Schedule IV drugs are as follows. The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number
Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number
The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number is a number assigned to drugs listed on the schedules created by the Controlled Substances Act. The ACSCN is defined in 21 CFR § 1308.03....
for each drug is included.
Narcotics
ACSCN Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number is a number assigned to drugs listed on the schedules created by the Controlled Substances Act. The ACSCN is defined in 21 CFR § 1308.03.... | Drug |
---|---|
9167 | Not more than 1 milligram of difenoxin Difenoxin Difenoxin is a 4-phenylpiperidine derivative that is related to the opioid analgesic drug pethidine and more distantly related to alphaprodine and piritramide, and it is an active metabolite of the anti-diarrhoea drug diphenoxylate. Difenoxin et al... and not less than 25 micrograms of atropine Atropine Atropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade , Jimson weed , mandrake and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects... sulfate per dosage unit |
9278 | Dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene, manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company, is an analgesic in the opioid category. It is intended to treat mild pain and has, in addition, anti-tussive and local anesthetic effects. It has been taken off the market in Europe and the US due to concerns of fatal overdoses and... |
Depressants
ACSCN Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number is a number assigned to drugs listed on the schedules created by the Controlled Substances Act. The ACSCN is defined in 21 CFR § 1308.03.... | Drug |
---|---|
2882 | Alprazolam Alprazolam Alprazolam is a short-acting anxiolytic of the benzodiazepine class of psychoactive drugs. Alprazolam, like other benzodiazepines, binds to specific sites on the GABAA gamma-amino-butyric acid receptor... |
2145 | Barbital Barbital Barbital , also called barbitone, was the first commercially marketed barbiturate. It was used as a sleeping aid from 1903 until the mid-1950s. The chemical names for barbital are diethylmalonyl urea or diethylbarbituric acid... |
2748 | Bromazepam Bromazepam Bromazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug, patented by Roche in the 1963 and developed clinically in the 1970s... |
2749 | Camazepam Camazepam Camazepam is a benzodiazepine psychoactive drug which is the dimethyl carbamate ester of temazepam, a metabolite of diazepam... |
2460 | Chloral betaine Chloral Betaine Chloral betaine is a sleeping tablet or sedative which the body converts to chloral hydrate. Like other drugs of this type chloral betaine is addictive, a small proportion of users who take the drug develop serious or unpleasant side effects.-References:**... |
2465 | Chloral hydrate Chloral hydrate Chloral hydrate is a sedative and hypnotic drug as well as a chemical reagent and precursor. The name chloral hydrate indicates that it is formed from chloral by the addition of one molecule of water. Its chemical formula is C2H3Cl3O2.... |
2744 | Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide, is a sedative/hypnotic drug and benzodiazepine. It is marketed under the trade names Angirex, Klopoxid, Librax , Libritabs, Librium, Mesural, Multum, Novapam, Risolid, Silibrin, Sonimen and Tropium.Chlordiazepoxide was the first benzodiazepine to be synthesised and... |
2751 | Clobazam Clobazam Clobazam , is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has been marketed as an anxiolytic since 1975 and an anticonvulsant since 1984... |
2737 | Clonazepam Clonazepam Clonazepamis a benzodiazepine drug having anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and hypnotic properties. It is marketed by Roche under the trade name Klonopin in the United States and Rivotril in Australia, Brazil, Canada and Europe... |
2768 | Clorazepate Clorazepate Clorazepate , also known as clorazepate dipotassium, is a drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Clorazepate is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam, which is rapidly produced as an active metabolite... |
2752 | Clotiazepam Clotiazepam Clotiazepam is a thienodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. The clotiazepam molecule differs from most other benzodiazepines in that the benzene ring has been replaced by a thiophene ring... |
2753 | Cloxazolam Cloxazolam Cloxazolam Cloxazolam Cloxazolam (marketed under brand name Sepazon, Olcadil (Brazil, Portugal and Spain), Akton (Belgium), Lubalix (Switzerland) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. Cloxazolam is metabolised into the active metabolite chlordesmethyldiazepam (delorazepam)... |
2754 | Delorazepam Delorazepam Delorazepam also known as chlordesmethyldiazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine and a derivative of desmethyldiazepam. It is marketed in Italy, where it is available under the trade name EN and Dadumir. Delorazepam is also an active metabolite of the benzodiazepine drug cloxazolam... |
2765 | Diazepam Diazepam Diazepam , first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche is a benzodiazepine drug. Diazepam is also marketed in Australia as Antenex. It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures including status epilepticus, muscle spasms , restless legs syndrome, alcohol withdrawal,... |
2467 | Dichloraphenazone |
2756 | Estazolam Estazolam Estazolam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Upjohn in the 1970s. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties... |
2540 | Ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol is a sedative and hypnotic medication developed by Pfizer in the 1950s. It has been used to treat insomnia, but has been largely superseded and is only offered where an intolerance or allergy to other drugs exists.... |
2545 | Ethinamate Ethinamate Ethinamate is a short-acting carbamate-derivative sedative-hypnotic medication used to treat insomnia. Regular use leads to drug tolerance, and it is usually not effective for more than 7 days... |
2758 | Ethyl loflazepate Ethyl loflazepate Ethyl loflazepate is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties... |
2759 | Fludiazepam Fludiazepam Fludiazepam was developed by Hoffman-LaRoche in the 1960s and is marketed in Japan and Taiwan in 0.25mg tablets under the brand name Erispan is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative and is closely related to diazepam. It exerts its pharmacological properties via enhancement of GABAergic... |
2763 | Flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam is marketed as a potent hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, amnestic, and skeletal muscle relaxant drug most commonly known as Rohypnol... † |
2767 | Flurazepam Flurazepam Flurazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It produces a metabolite with a very long half-life , which may stay in the bloodstream for up to four days... |
2762 | Halazepam Halazepam Halazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative and is marketed under the brand names Alapryl and Pacinone It is no longer marketed in the United States. It had been marketed under the name Paxipam, but was withdrawn by its manufacturer, Schering Plough, for poor sales. It possesses anxiolytic,... |
2771 | Haloxazolam Haloxazolam Haloxazolam , is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has similar hypnotic properties as the benzodiazepine drugs triazolam, temazepam, and flunitrazepam and as such is indicated for the treatment insomnia... |
2772 | Ketazolam Ketazolam Ketazolam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative... |
2773 | Loprazolam Loprazolam Loprazolam marketed under the brand names Dormonoct, Havlane, Sonin, Somnovit, is a drug which is an imidazole benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is available in 1 mg tablets... |
2885 | Lorazepam Lorazepam Lorazepam is a high-potency short-to-intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine drug that has all five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative/hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antiemetic and muscle relaxant... |
2774 | Lormetazepam Lormetazepam Lormetazepam Lormetazepam Lormetazepam (INN, or methyl-lorazepam, is a drug which is a short to intermediate acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.... |
2800 | Mebutamate Mebutamate Mebutamate is a sedative and anxiolytic drug with anti-hypertensive effects. It has effects comparable to those of barbiturates such as secobarbital, but is only around 1/3 the potency of secobarbital as a sedative. Side effects include dizziness and headaches.... |
2836 | Medazepam Medazepam Medazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.... |
2820 | Meprobamate Meprobamate Meprobamate is a carbamate derivative which is used as an anxiolytic drug... |
2264 | Methohexital Methohexital Methohexital, also called methohexitone, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. It is classified as short-acting, and has a rapid onset of action... |
2250 | Methylphenobarbital Methylphenobarbital Methylphenobarbital , also known as mephobarbital and mephobarbitone , marketed under brand names such as Mebaral, Mephyltaletten, Phemiton, and Prominal, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative and is used primarily as an anticonvulsant, but also as a sedative and anxiolytic... (mephobarbital) |
2884 | Midazolam Midazolam Midazolam is a short-acting drug in the benzodiazepine class developed by Hoffmann-La Roche in the 1970s. The drug is used for treatment of acute seizures, moderate to severe insomnia, and for inducing sedation and amnesia before medical procedures. It possesses profoundly potent anxiolytic,... |
2837 | Nimetazepam Nimetazepam Nimetazepam is an intermediate-acting hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It was first synthesized by a team at Hoffmann-La Roche in 1962. It possesses hypnotic, anxiolytic, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Nimetazepam is also an anticonvulsant. It is sold in 5 mg... |
2834 | Nitrazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazepam is a type of benzodiazepine drug and is marketed in English-speaking countries under the following brand names: Alodorm, Arem, Insoma, Mogadon, Nitrados, Nitrazadon, Ormodon, Paxadorm, Remnos, and Somnite... |
2838 | Nordiazepam |
2835 | Oxazepam Oxazepam Oxazepam , is a drug which is a short to intermediate acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine derivative... |
2839 | Oxazolam Oxazolam Oxazolam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam.... |
2585 | Paraldehyde Paraldehyde Paraldehyde is the cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde molecules. Formally, it is a derivative of 1,3,5-trioxane. The corresponding tetramer is metaldehyde. A colourless liquid, it is sparingly soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol. Paraldehyde slowly oxidizes in air, turning brown and producing... |
2591 | Petrichloral Petrichloral Petrichloral is a sedative and hypnotic drug related to chloral hydrate. It is a Schedule IV drug in the USA.... |
2285 | Phenobarbital Phenobarbital Phenobarbital or phenobarbitone is a barbiturate, first marketed as Luminal by Friedr. Bayer et comp. It is the most widely used anticonvulsant worldwide, and the oldest still commonly used. It also has sedative and hypnotic properties but, as with other barbiturates, has been superseded by the... |
2883 | Pinazepam Pinazepam Pinazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.... |
2764 | Prazepam Prazepam Prazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Warner-Lambert in the 1960s. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Prazepam is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam which is an active metabolite of prazepam... |
2881 | Quazepam Quazepam Quazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by the Schering Corporation in the 1970s. Quazepam is indicated for the treatment of insomnia including sleep induction and sleep maintenance... |
2925 | Temazepam Temazepam Temazepam is an intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine. It is mostly prescribed for the short-term treatment of sleeplessness in patients who have difficulty maintaining sleep... † |
2886 | Tetrazepam Tetrazepam Tetrazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, hypnotic and muscle relaxant properties... |
2887 | Triazolam Triazolam Triazolam is a benzodiazepine drug. It possesses pharmacological properties similar to that of other benzodiazepines, but it is generally only used as a sedative to treat severe insomnia... |
2781 | Zaleplon Zaleplon Zaleplon is a sedative/hypnotic, mainly used for insomnia. It is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic from the pyrazolopyrimidine class. In terms of adverse effects zaleplon appears to offer little improvement compared to both benzodiazepines and other non-benzodiazepine Z-drugs.Sonata is manufactured by... |
2783 | Zolpidem Zolpidem Zolpidem is a prescription medication used for the short-term treatment of insomnia, as well as some brain disorders. It is a short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic of the imidazopyridine class that potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid , an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to GABAA... |
2784 | Zopiclone Zopiclone Zopiclone is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia. In the United States, zopiclone is not commercially available, although its active stereoisomer, eszopiclone, is sold under the name Lunesta... |
This is a list of Schedule IV drugs under the Controlled Substances Act
Controlled Substances Act
The Controlled Substances Act was enacted into law by the Congress of the United States as Title II of the Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970. The CSA is the federal U.S. drug policy under which the manufacture, importation, possession, use and distribution of certain...
for the United States
United States
The United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.
Required findings for drugs to be placed in this schedule:
- The drug or other substance has a low potential for abuse relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III.
- The drug or other substance has a currently accepted medical use in treatment in the United States.
- Abuse of the drug or other substance may lead to limited physical dependence or psychological dependence relative to the drugs or other substances in schedule III.
The complete list of Schedule IV drugs are as follows. The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number
Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number
The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number is a number assigned to drugs listed on the schedules created by the Controlled Substances Act. The ACSCN is defined in 21 CFR § 1308.03....
for each drug is included.
Narcotics
ACSCN Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number is a number assigned to drugs listed on the schedules created by the Controlled Substances Act. The ACSCN is defined in 21 CFR § 1308.03.... | Drug |
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9167 | Not more than 1 milligram of difenoxin Difenoxin Difenoxin is a 4-phenylpiperidine derivative that is related to the opioid analgesic drug pethidine and more distantly related to alphaprodine and piritramide, and it is an active metabolite of the anti-diarrhoea drug diphenoxylate. Difenoxin et al... and not less than 25 micrograms of atropine Atropine Atropine is a naturally occurring tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade , Jimson weed , mandrake and other plants of the family Solanaceae. It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a drug with a wide variety of effects... sulfate per dosage unit |
9278 | Dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene Dextropropoxyphene, manufactured by Eli Lilly and Company, is an analgesic in the opioid category. It is intended to treat mild pain and has, in addition, anti-tussive and local anesthetic effects. It has been taken off the market in Europe and the US due to concerns of fatal overdoses and... |
Depressants
ACSCN Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number is a number assigned to drugs listed on the schedules created by the Controlled Substances Act. The ACSCN is defined in 21 CFR § 1308.03.... | Drug |
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2882 | Alprazolam Alprazolam Alprazolam is a short-acting anxiolytic of the benzodiazepine class of psychoactive drugs. Alprazolam, like other benzodiazepines, binds to specific sites on the GABAA gamma-amino-butyric acid receptor... |
2145 | Barbital Barbital Barbital , also called barbitone, was the first commercially marketed barbiturate. It was used as a sleeping aid from 1903 until the mid-1950s. The chemical names for barbital are diethylmalonyl urea or diethylbarbituric acid... |
2748 | Bromazepam Bromazepam Bromazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug, patented by Roche in the 1963 and developed clinically in the 1970s... |
2749 | Camazepam Camazepam Camazepam is a benzodiazepine psychoactive drug which is the dimethyl carbamate ester of temazepam, a metabolite of diazepam... |
2460 | Chloral betaine Chloral Betaine Chloral betaine is a sleeping tablet or sedative which the body converts to chloral hydrate. Like other drugs of this type chloral betaine is addictive, a small proportion of users who take the drug develop serious or unpleasant side effects.-References:**... |
2465 | Chloral hydrate Chloral hydrate Chloral hydrate is a sedative and hypnotic drug as well as a chemical reagent and precursor. The name chloral hydrate indicates that it is formed from chloral by the addition of one molecule of water. Its chemical formula is C2H3Cl3O2.... |
2744 | Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide Chlordiazepoxide, is a sedative/hypnotic drug and benzodiazepine. It is marketed under the trade names Angirex, Klopoxid, Librax , Libritabs, Librium, Mesural, Multum, Novapam, Risolid, Silibrin, Sonimen and Tropium.Chlordiazepoxide was the first benzodiazepine to be synthesised and... |
2751 | Clobazam Clobazam Clobazam , is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has been marketed as an anxiolytic since 1975 and an anticonvulsant since 1984... |
2737 | Clonazepam Clonazepam Clonazepamis a benzodiazepine drug having anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant, and hypnotic properties. It is marketed by Roche under the trade name Klonopin in the United States and Rivotril in Australia, Brazil, Canada and Europe... |
2768 | Clorazepate Clorazepate Clorazepate , also known as clorazepate dipotassium, is a drug that is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Clorazepate is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam, which is rapidly produced as an active metabolite... |
2752 | Clotiazepam Clotiazepam Clotiazepam is a thienodiazepine drug which is a benzodiazepine analog. The clotiazepam molecule differs from most other benzodiazepines in that the benzene ring has been replaced by a thiophene ring... |
2753 | Cloxazolam Cloxazolam Cloxazolam Cloxazolam Cloxazolam (marketed under brand name Sepazon, Olcadil (Brazil, Portugal and Spain), Akton (Belgium), Lubalix (Switzerland) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. Cloxazolam is metabolised into the active metabolite chlordesmethyldiazepam (delorazepam)... |
2754 | Delorazepam Delorazepam Delorazepam also known as chlordesmethyldiazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine and a derivative of desmethyldiazepam. It is marketed in Italy, where it is available under the trade name EN and Dadumir. Delorazepam is also an active metabolite of the benzodiazepine drug cloxazolam... |
2765 | Diazepam Diazepam Diazepam , first marketed as Valium by Hoffmann-La Roche is a benzodiazepine drug. Diazepam is also marketed in Australia as Antenex. It is commonly used for treating anxiety, insomnia, seizures including status epilepticus, muscle spasms , restless legs syndrome, alcohol withdrawal,... |
2467 | Dichloraphenazone |
2756 | Estazolam Estazolam Estazolam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Upjohn in the 1970s. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties... |
2540 | Ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol Ethchlorvynol is a sedative and hypnotic medication developed by Pfizer in the 1950s. It has been used to treat insomnia, but has been largely superseded and is only offered where an intolerance or allergy to other drugs exists.... |
2545 | Ethinamate Ethinamate Ethinamate is a short-acting carbamate-derivative sedative-hypnotic medication used to treat insomnia. Regular use leads to drug tolerance, and it is usually not effective for more than 7 days... |
2758 | Ethyl loflazepate Ethyl loflazepate Ethyl loflazepate is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties... |
2759 | Fludiazepam Fludiazepam Fludiazepam was developed by Hoffman-LaRoche in the 1960s and is marketed in Japan and Taiwan in 0.25mg tablets under the brand name Erispan is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative and is closely related to diazepam. It exerts its pharmacological properties via enhancement of GABAergic... |
2763 | Flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam Flunitrazepam is marketed as a potent hypnotic, sedative, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, amnestic, and skeletal muscle relaxant drug most commonly known as Rohypnol... † |
2767 | Flurazepam Flurazepam Flurazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It produces a metabolite with a very long half-life , which may stay in the bloodstream for up to four days... |
2762 | Halazepam Halazepam Halazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative and is marketed under the brand names Alapryl and Pacinone It is no longer marketed in the United States. It had been marketed under the name Paxipam, but was withdrawn by its manufacturer, Schering Plough, for poor sales. It possesses anxiolytic,... |
2771 | Haloxazolam Haloxazolam Haloxazolam , is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It has similar hypnotic properties as the benzodiazepine drugs triazolam, temazepam, and flunitrazepam and as such is indicated for the treatment insomnia... |
2772 | Ketazolam Ketazolam Ketazolam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative... |
2773 | Loprazolam Loprazolam Loprazolam marketed under the brand names Dormonoct, Havlane, Sonin, Somnovit, is a drug which is an imidazole benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is available in 1 mg tablets... |
2885 | Lorazepam Lorazepam Lorazepam is a high-potency short-to-intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine drug that has all five intrinsic benzodiazepine effects: anxiolytic, amnesic, sedative/hypnotic, anticonvulsant, antiemetic and muscle relaxant... |
2774 | Lormetazepam Lormetazepam Lormetazepam Lormetazepam Lormetazepam (INN, or methyl-lorazepam, is a drug which is a short to intermediate acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses hypnotic, anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.... |
2800 | Mebutamate Mebutamate Mebutamate is a sedative and anxiolytic drug with anti-hypertensive effects. It has effects comparable to those of barbiturates such as secobarbital, but is only around 1/3 the potency of secobarbital as a sedative. Side effects include dizziness and headaches.... |
2836 | Medazepam Medazepam Medazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.... |
2820 | Meprobamate Meprobamate Meprobamate is a carbamate derivative which is used as an anxiolytic drug... |
2264 | Methohexital Methohexital Methohexital, also called methohexitone, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative. It is classified as short-acting, and has a rapid onset of action... |
2250 | Methylphenobarbital Methylphenobarbital Methylphenobarbital , also known as mephobarbital and mephobarbitone , marketed under brand names such as Mebaral, Mephyltaletten, Phemiton, and Prominal, is a drug which is a barbiturate derivative and is used primarily as an anticonvulsant, but also as a sedative and anxiolytic... (mephobarbital) |
2884 | Midazolam Midazolam Midazolam is a short-acting drug in the benzodiazepine class developed by Hoffmann-La Roche in the 1970s. The drug is used for treatment of acute seizures, moderate to severe insomnia, and for inducing sedation and amnesia before medical procedures. It possesses profoundly potent anxiolytic,... |
2837 | Nimetazepam Nimetazepam Nimetazepam is an intermediate-acting hypnotic drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It was first synthesized by a team at Hoffmann-La Roche in 1962. It possesses hypnotic, anxiolytic, sedative, and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Nimetazepam is also an anticonvulsant. It is sold in 5 mg... |
2834 | Nitrazepam Nitrazepam Nitrazepam is a type of benzodiazepine drug and is marketed in English-speaking countries under the following brand names: Alodorm, Arem, Insoma, Mogadon, Nitrados, Nitrazadon, Ormodon, Paxadorm, Remnos, and Somnite... |
2838 | Nordiazepam |
2835 | Oxazepam Oxazepam Oxazepam , is a drug which is a short to intermediate acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine derivative... |
2839 | Oxazolam Oxazolam Oxazolam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. It is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam.... |
2585 | Paraldehyde Paraldehyde Paraldehyde is the cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde molecules. Formally, it is a derivative of 1,3,5-trioxane. The corresponding tetramer is metaldehyde. A colourless liquid, it is sparingly soluble in water and highly soluble in alcohol. Paraldehyde slowly oxidizes in air, turning brown and producing... |
2591 | Petrichloral Petrichloral Petrichloral is a sedative and hypnotic drug related to chloral hydrate. It is a Schedule IV drug in the USA.... |
2285 | Phenobarbital Phenobarbital Phenobarbital or phenobarbitone is a barbiturate, first marketed as Luminal by Friedr. Bayer et comp. It is the most widely used anticonvulsant worldwide, and the oldest still commonly used. It also has sedative and hypnotic properties but, as with other barbiturates, has been superseded by the... |
2883 | Pinazepam Pinazepam Pinazepam is a drug which is a benzodiazepine. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.... |
2764 | Prazepam Prazepam Prazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by Warner-Lambert in the 1960s. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties. Prazepam is a prodrug for desmethyldiazepam which is an active metabolite of prazepam... |
2881 | Quazepam Quazepam Quazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative drug developed by the Schering Corporation in the 1970s. Quazepam is indicated for the treatment of insomnia including sleep induction and sleep maintenance... |
2925 | Temazepam Temazepam Temazepam is an intermediate-acting 3-hydroxy benzodiazepine. It is mostly prescribed for the short-term treatment of sleeplessness in patients who have difficulty maintaining sleep... † |
2886 | Tetrazepam Tetrazepam Tetrazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, hypnotic and muscle relaxant properties... |
2887 | Triazolam Triazolam Triazolam is a benzodiazepine drug. It possesses pharmacological properties similar to that of other benzodiazepines, but it is generally only used as a sedative to treat severe insomnia... |
2781 | Zaleplon Zaleplon Zaleplon is a sedative/hypnotic, mainly used for insomnia. It is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic from the pyrazolopyrimidine class. In terms of adverse effects zaleplon appears to offer little improvement compared to both benzodiazepines and other non-benzodiazepine Z-drugs.Sonata is manufactured by... |
2783 | Zolpidem Zolpidem Zolpidem is a prescription medication used for the short-term treatment of insomnia, as well as some brain disorders. It is a short-acting nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic of the imidazopyridine class that potentiates gamma-aminobutyric acid , an inhibitory neurotransmitter, by binding to GABAA... |
2784 | Zopiclone Zopiclone Zopiclone is a non-benzodiazepine hypnotic agent used in the treatment of insomnia. In the United States, zopiclone is not commercially available, although its active stereoisomer, eszopiclone, is sold under the name Lunesta... |
†Flunitrazepam has not been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for medical use, and is considered to be an illegal drug.
†Temazepam may require a specially coded prescription in certain States.
Fenfluramine
ACSCN Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number is a number assigned to drugs listed on the schedules created by the Controlled Substances Act. The ACSCN is defined in 21 CFR § 1308.03.... | Drug |
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1670 | Fenfluramine Fenfluramine Fenfluramine is a drug that was part of the Fen-Phen anti-obesity medication . Fenfluramine was introduced on the U.S. market in 1973. It is the racemic mixture of two enantiomers, dextrofenfluramine and levofenfluramine... |
Stimulants
ACSCN Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number is a number assigned to drugs listed on the schedules created by the Controlled Substances Act. The ACSCN is defined in 21 CFR § 1308.03.... | Drug |
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1230 | Cathine Cathine Cathine, also known as d-norpseudoephedrine, is a psychoactive drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes which acts as a stimulant... |
1610 | Diethylpropion |
1760 | Fencamfamin |
1575 | Fenproporex Fenproporex Fenproporex is a stimulant drug of the phenethylamine and amphetamine chemical classes which was developed in the 1960s. It is used as an appetite suppressant for the treatment of obesity.... |
1605 | Mazindol Mazindol Mazindol is a stimulant drug of the tetracyclic chemical class which is used as an anorectic. It was developed by Sandoz-Wander in the 1960s- Indications :... |
1580 | Mefenorex Mefenorex Mefenorex is a stimulant drug which was used as an appetite suppressant. It is an amphetamine derivative which was developed in the 1970s and used for the treatment of obesity... |
1680 | Modafinil Modafinil Modafinil is an analeptic drug manufactured by Cephalon, and is approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, and excessive daytime sleepiness associated with obstructive sleep apnea... and stereoisomer armodafinil Armodafinil Armodafinil is a stimulant-like drug produced by the pharmaceutical company Cephalon Inc., which was approved by the FDA on June 15, 2007... |
1530 | Pemoline Pemoline Pemoline was first synthesized in 1913 but it's activity was not discovered until the 1930s. Under the names it was used as a medication used to treat attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy. Under the Convention on Psychotropic Substances, it is a Schedule IV drug... |
1640 | Phentermine Phentermine Phentermine, a contraction of "phenyl-tertiary-butylamine", is a psychostimulant drug of the phenethylamine class, chemically related to amphetamine. It is used medically as an appetite suppressant.... |
1750 | Pipradrol Pipradrol Pipradrol is a mild central nervous system stimulant that is no longer widely used in most countries due to concerns about its abuse potential, although this is less of a problem than with other stimulants that still are in current use such as methylphenidate... |
1675 | Sibutramine Sibutramine Sibutramine is an oral anorexiant. Until 2010 it was marketed and prescribed as an adjunct in the treatment of exogenous obesity along with diet and exercise... |
1635 | (-)-1-dimethylamino- 1,2-diphenylethane Lefetamine Lefetamine is a drug which is a stimulant and also an analgesic with effects comparable to codeine.Lefetamine was invented in the 1930s and showed weak analgetic activity.... |
Others
ACSCN Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number The Administrative Controlled Substances Code Number is a number assigned to drugs listed on the schedules created by the Controlled Substances Act. The ACSCN is defined in 21 CFR § 1308.03.... | Drug |
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9709 | Pentazocine Pentazocine Pentazocine is a synthetically prepared prototypical mixed agonist-antagonist narcotic drug of the benzomorphan class of opioids used to treat moderate to moderately severe pain... |
9720 | Butorphanol Butorphanol Butorphanol is a morphinan-type synthetic opioid analgesic developed by Bristol-Myers. Brand name Stadol was recently discontinued by the manufacturer. It is now only available in its generic formulations, manufactured by Novex, Mylan, Apotex and Ben Venue Laboratories. Butorphanol is most... |