List of Superfund sites in Tennessee

This is a list of Superfund sites in Tennessee designated under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA) environmental law. The CERCLA federal law of 1980 authorized the United States Environmental Protection Agency

United States Environmental Protection Agency

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is an agency of the federal government of the United States charged with protecting human health and the environment, by writing and enforcing regulations based on laws passed by Congress...

(EPA) to create a list of polluted

Pollution

Pollution is the introduction of contaminants into a natural environment that causes instability, disorder, harm or discomfort to the ecosystem i.e. physical systems or living organisms. Pollution can take the form of chemical substances or energy, such as noise, heat or light...

locations requiring a long-term response to clean-up hazardous material contaminations. These locations are known as Superfund

Superfund

Superfund is the common name for the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 , a United States federal law designed to clean up sites contaminated with hazardous substances...

sites, and are placed on the National Priorities List

National Priorities List

The National Priorities List is the list of hazardous waste sites in the United States eligible for long-term remedial action financed under the federal Superfund program. Environmental Protection Agency regulations outline a formal process for assessing hazardous waste sites and placing them on...

(NPL). The NPL guides the EPA in "determining which sites warrant further investigation" for environmental remediation. As of May 3, 2010, there were thirteen Superfund sites on the National Priorities List in Tennessee

Tennessee

Tennessee is a U.S. state located in the Southeastern United States. It has a population of 6,346,105, making it the nation's 17th-largest state by population, and covers , making it the 36th-largest by total land area...

and four Superfund Alternative sites. Two more sites have been proposed for entry on the list and six others have been cleaned up and removed from it.

Superfund sites

CERCLIS ID	Name	County	Reason
TND007018799	American Creosote Works, (Jackson Plant)	Madison	Groundwater, surface water, soil and sediments were contaminated by VOCs, PAHs and heavy metals from former wood treatment operations.
TND980729172	Amnicola Dump	Hamilton Hamilton County, Tennessee Hamilton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It was named for Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury. The 2005 Census Estimate placed the population at 310,935 . Its county seat is Chattanooga....	Former dumping activities led to contamination by pesticide Pesticide Pesticides are substances or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest.A pesticide may be a chemical unicycle, biological agent , antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest... s, PAHs, VOCs, heavy metals, PCBs, inorganic compound Inorganic compound Inorganic compounds have traditionally been considered to be of inanimate, non-biological origin. In contrast, organic compounds have an explicit biological origin. However, over the past century, the classification of inorganic vs organic compounds has become less important to scientists,... s and persistent organic pollutants, among other substances. Leachates had elevated levels of organic compound Organic compound An organic compound is any member of a large class of gaseous, liquid, or solid chemical compounds whose molecules contain carbon. For historical reasons discussed below, a few types of carbon-containing compounds such as carbides, carbonates, simple oxides of carbon, and cyanides, as well as the... s and groundwater was contaminated by chromium Chromium Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish and has a high melting point. It is also odorless, tasteless, and malleable... , though municipal wells were unaffected.
TND980468557	Arlington Blending & Packaging	Shelby Shelby County, Tennessee Shelby County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the state's largest both in terms of population and geographic area, with a population of 927,644 at the 2010 census...	Operations, spills and leakage at a pesticide processing facility led to soil contamination by chlordane Chlordane Chlordane, or chlordan, is an organochlorine compound that was used as a pesticide. This white solid was sold in the U.S. until 1983 as an insecticide for crops like corn and citrus and on lawns and domestic gardens.-Production and uses:... , heptachlor Heptachlor Heptachlor is an organochlorine compound that was used as an insecticide. Usually sold as a white or tan powder, heptachlor is one of the cyclodiene insecticides. In 1962, Rachel Carson's Silent Spring questioned the safety of heptachlor and other chlorinated insecticides. Due to its highly... , endrin Endrin Endrin is an organochloride that was primarily used as an insecticide. It is a colourless odorless solid, although commercial samples are often off-white. It is also a rodenticide. This compound became infamous as persistent organic pollutant and for this reason is banned in many... , PCP Pentachlorophenol Pentachlorophenol is an organochlorine compound used as a pesticide and a disinfectant. First produced in the 1930s, it is marketed under many trade names... and arsenic Arsenic Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As, atomic number 33 and relative atomic mass 74.92. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. It was first documented by Albertus Magnus in 1250.Arsenic is a metalloid... and shallow groundwater contamination by PCP and DCE Dichloroethene Dichloroethene or Dichloroethylene, often abbreviated as DCE, can refer to any one of several isomeric forms of the organochloride with the molecular formula C2H2Cl2:There are three isomers:1,1-Dichloroethene1,2-Dichloroethene... . The site has been cleaned up and is now a neighborhood park.

} || || || ||
|-style="background:#fcf75e"
||TN8570024044||Arnold Engineering Development Center (USAF)

Arnold Engineering Development Center

Arnold Engineering Development Center is a ground-based flight test facility operated by the US Air Force Materiel Command.-Mission statement:The AEDC mission is to:...

||Coffee

Coffee County, Tennessee

Coffee County is a county located in south-central portion of the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is one of the counties of Middle Tennessee. As of 2010, the population was 52,796. Its county seat is Manchester....

and Franklin

Franklin County, Tennessee

Franklin County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of 2010, the population was 41,052. Its county seat is Winchester.Franklin County is part of the Tullahoma, Tennessee, Micropolitan Statistical Area.-History:...

||PCBs from the site have contaminated surface water, sediments and fish off-site. There is on-site contamination by PCBs, trichloroethane

Trichloroethane

Trichloroethane can refer to either of two isomeric chemical compounds:* 1,1,1-Trichloroethane * 1,1,2-Trichloroethane...

, methyl chloride and toluene

Toluene

Toluene, formerly known as toluol, is a clear, water-insoluble liquid with the typical smell of paint thinners. It is a mono-substituted benzene derivative, i.e., one in which a single hydrogen atom from the benzene molecule has been replaced by a univalent group, in this case CH3.It is an aromatic...

and spills of jet fuel

Jet fuel

Jet fuel is a type of aviation fuel designed for use in aircraft powered by gas-turbine engines. It is clear to straw-colored in appearance. The most commonly used fuels for commercial aviation are Jet A and Jet A-1 which are produced to a standardized international specification...

, rocket fuel, CFC

Chlorofluorocarbon

A chlorofluorocarbon is an organic compound that contains carbon, chlorine, and fluorine, produced as a volatile derivative of methane and ethane. A common subclass are the hydrochlorofluorocarbons , which contain hydrogen, as well. They are also commonly known by the DuPont trade name Freon...

s, nitric acid

Nitric acid

Nitric acid , also known as aqua fortis and spirit of nitre, is a highly corrosive and toxic strong acid.Colorless when pure, older samples tend to acquire a yellow cast due to the accumulation of oxides of nitrogen. If the solution contains more than 86% nitric acid, it is referred to as fuming...

and other substances have been reported.|| || || || ||
|-
||TND044062222||Carrier Air Conditioning Co.

Carrier Corporation

The Carrier Corporation is one of the world’s largest manufacturers and distributors of heating, ventilating and air conditioning systems, and a global leader in the commercial refrigeration and food service equipment industry...

||Shelby

Shelby County, Tennessee

Shelby County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the state's largest both in terms of population and geographic area, with a population of 927,644 at the 2010 census...

|| Two spills contaminated soil with TCE and sediments in a wastewater lagoon were contaminatd by zinc

Zinc

Zinc , or spelter , is a metallic chemical element; it has the symbol Zn and atomic number 30. It is the first element in group 12 of the periodic table. Zinc is, in some respects, chemically similar to magnesium, because its ion is of similar size and its only common oxidation state is +2...

and TCE. In July 1986, TCE was found in the municipal water plant, which is close to the site.|| || || || ||
|-style="background:#d0f0c0"
||TND987768546||Chemet Co.||Fayette|| Unsecured slag piles from an antimony oxide

Antimony oxide

Antimony oxide may refer to any of the following:*Diantimony tetroxide, Sb2O4*Antimony trioxide, Sb2O3*Antimony pentoxide, Sb2O5...

plant contaminated soil, surface water and the fields of an adjacent school with lead

Lead

Lead is a main-group element in the carbon group with the symbol Pb and atomic number 82. Lead is a soft, malleable poor metal. It is also counted as one of the heavy metals. Metallic lead has a bluish-white color after being freshly cut, but it soon tarnishes to a dull grayish color when exposed...

, arsenic

Arsenic

Arsenic is a chemical element with the symbol As, atomic number 33 and relative atomic mass 74.92. Arsenic occurs in many minerals, usually in conjunction with sulfur and metals, and also as a pure elemental crystal. It was first documented by Albertus Magnus in 1250.Arsenic is a metalloid...

and antimony

Antimony

Antimony is a toxic chemical element with the symbol Sb and an atomic number of 51. A lustrous grey metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite...

.|| || || || ||
|-style="background:#add8e6"
|| TN0001890839 || Copper Basin Mining District || Polk || Acidic drainage from waste materials has caused deforestation, leading to severe erosion, and led to high levels of metals in soil, sediments and surface water. Oils containing PCBs have leaked from abandoned transformers. Abandoned mine workings and deteriorating facilities and waste piles pose significant physical hazards. || || || || ||
|-style="background:#d0f0c0"
||TND980728992||Gallaway

Gallaway, Tennessee

Gallaway is a city in Fayette County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 680 at the 2010 census.-Geography:Gallaway is located at ....

Pits||Fayette|| Unauthorized dumping in flooded former sand and gravel pits contaminated soil and surface water with pesticide

Pesticide

Pesticides are substances or mixture of substances intended for preventing, destroying, repelling or mitigating any pest.A pesticide may be a chemical unicycle, biological agent , antimicrobial, disinfectant or device used against any pest...

s, including chlordane

Chlordane

Chlordane, or chlordan, is an organochlorine compound that was used as a pesticide. This white solid was sold in the U.S. until 1983 as an insecticide for crops like corn and citrus and on lawns and domestic gardens.-Production and uses:...

and toxaphene

Toxaphene

Toxaphene is an insecticide. It is a mixture of closely related substances whose use is now banned in most of the world due to concerns of toxicity.-Composition:...

, risking contamination of local private drinking water wells.|| || || || ||
|-style="background:#d0f0c0"
||TND987767795||ICG

Illinois Central Railroad

The Illinois Central Railroad , sometimes called the Main Line of Mid-America, is a railroad in the central United States, with its primary routes connecting Chicago, Illinois with New Orleans, Louisiana and Birmingham, Alabama. A line also connected Chicago with Sioux City, Iowa...

Iselin Railroad Yard||Madison||Soil and sediment contamination by lead

Lead

and VOCs, including vinyl chloride

Vinyl chloride

Vinyl chloride is the organochloride with the formula H2C:CHCl. It is also called vinyl chloride monomer, VCM or chloroethene. This colorless compound is an important industrial chemical chiefly used to produce the polymer polyvinyl chloride . At ambient pressure and temperature, vinyl chloride...

and benzene

Benzene

Benzene is an organic chemical compound. It is composed of 6 carbon atoms in a ring, with 1 hydrogen atom attached to each carbon atom, with the molecular formula C6H6....

.|| || || || ||
|-style="background:#add8e6"
|| TND073540783 || ICG

Illinois Central Railroad

(Johnston Yard) || Shelby

Shelby County, Tennessee

Shelby County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the state's largest both in terms of population and geographic area, with a population of 927,644 at the 2010 census...

|| Soil and groundwater are contaminated by metals, petroleum

Petroleum

Petroleum or crude oil is a naturally occurring, flammable liquid consisting of a complex mixture of hydrocarbons of various molecular weights and other liquid organic compounds, that are found in geologic formations beneath the Earth's surface. Petroleum is recovered mostly through oil drilling...

products, diesel fuel, and occasional solvent

Solvent

A solvent is a liquid, solid, or gas that dissolves another solid, liquid, or gaseous solute, resulting in a solution that is soluble in a certain volume of solvent at a specified temperature...

s and pesticide

Pesticide

s. Contamination is not at a level to threaten worker health and groundwater contamination appears localized to the site. || || || || ||
|-style="background:#d0f0c0"
||TND980729115||Lewisburg

Lewisburg, Tennessee

Lewisburg is a city in Marshall County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 10,413 at the 2000 census. It is the county seat of Marshall County...

Dump||Marshall|| Concerns were groundwater contamination, leachate

Leachate

Leachate is any liquid that, in passing through matter, extracts solutes, suspended solids or any other component of the material through which it has passed....

generation and direct exposure to dumped industrial waste due to the deteriorating landfill cap.|| || || || ||
|-
||TND075453688||Mallory Capacitor Co.

P. R. Mallory and Co Inc

P. R. Mallory and Co Inc was a US producer of dry cell batteries , electronic components including electrolytic capacitors, and audible warning devices , it also was the parent firm of Mallory Batteries Ltd., an Irish producer of Ever Ready batteries...

||Wayne

Wayne County, Tennessee

As of the census of 2010, there were 17,021 people, 5,822 households, and 4,321 families residing in the county. The population density was 23 people per square mile . There were 6,701 housing units at an average density of 9 per square mile...

||Groundwater and private drinking water wells contaminated by PCBs and VOCs, including TCE and DCE

Dichloroethene

Dichloroethene or Dichloroethylene, often abbreviated as DCE, can refer to any one of several isomeric forms of the organochloride with the molecular formula C2H2Cl2:There are three isomers:*1,1-Dichloroethene*1,2-Dichloroethene...

.|| || || || ||
|-
||TN4210020570||Memphis Defense Depot

Memphis Defense Depot

The Memphis Defense Depot was a former United States Army supply depot located in Memphis, Tennessee.-History:Operations at the depot began in 1942, with the depot providing supplies including clothing, food, medical supplies, electronic equipment, petroleum products and industrial chemicals....

(DLA

Defense Logistics Agency

The Defense Logistics Agency is an agency in the United States Department of Defense, with more than 26,000 civilian and military personnel throughout the world...

)||Shelby

Shelby County, Tennessee

Shelby County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the state's largest both in terms of population and geographic area, with a population of 927,644 at the 2010 census...

||Ground water, sediment, soil and surface water are contaminated by substances including arsenic

Arsenic

, dieldrin

Dieldrin

Dieldrin is a chlorinated hydrocarbon originally produced in 1948 by J. Hyman & Co, Denver, as an insecticide. Dieldrin is closely related to aldrin, which reacts further to form dieldrin. Aldrin is not toxic to insects; it is oxidized in the insect to form dieldrin which is the active compound...

, PAHs, PCBs, PCE and TCE from operations at the Depot, which closed under BRAC

Base Realignment and Closure

Base Realignment and Closure is a process of the United States federal government directed at the administration and operation of the Armed Forces, used by the United States Department of Defense and Congress to close excess military installations and realign the total asset inventory to reduce...

.|| || || || ||
|-
||TN0210020582||Milan Army Ammunition Plant

Milan Army Ammunition Plant

Milan Army Ammunition Plant’s mission is to load, assemble, pack, store, and ship/receive containerized conventional ammunition. The installation is located adjacent to Milan, Tennessee and about 10 km north of Jackson, Tennessee.-Capabilities:...

||Carroll

Carroll County, Tennessee

Carroll County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of 2010, the population was 28,522. Its county seat is Huntingdon. It was named for Governor William Carroll.-Geography:According to the U.S...

and Gibson|| Groundwater and soil contamination by TNT and RDX

RDX

RDX, an initialism for Research Department Explosive, is an explosive nitroamine widely used in military and industrial applications. It was developed as an explosive which was more powerful than TNT, and it saw wide use in WWII. RDX is also known as cyclonite, hexogen , and T4...

. The Memphis Sand Aquifer, which supplies water to 9,000 people in Milan

Milan, Tennessee

Milan is a city in Gibson County, Tennessee, United States. The population was 7,851 at the 2010 census. The zip code assigned by the U.S. Postal Service is 38358. Residents of Milan are usually referred to as Milanites...

is contaminated.|| || || || ||
|-
||TND980728836||Murray-Ohio Dump||Lawrence|| Soil and groundwater were contaminated by heavy metals, including chromium

Chromium

Chromium is a chemical element which has the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is the first element in Group 6. It is a steely-gray, lustrous, hard metal that takes a high polish and has a high melting point. It is also odorless, tasteless, and malleable...

, hexavalent chromium

Hexavalent chromium

Hexavalent chromium refers to chemical compounds that contain the element chromium in the +6 oxidation state. Virtually all chromium ore is processed via hexavalent chromium, specifically the salt sodium dichromate. Approximately of hexavalent chromium were produced in 1985...

, nickel

Nickel

Nickel is a chemical element with the chemical symbol Ni and atomic number 28. It is a silvery-white lustrous metal with a slight golden tinge. Nickel belongs to the transition metals and is hard and ductile...

and zinc

Zinc

and by VOCs including DCE

Dichloroethene

, TCE and PCE from former industrial and municipal landfill operations.|| || || || ||
|-style="background:#add8e6"
|| TNSFN0407047 || National Fireworks || Shelby

Shelby County, Tennessee

Shelby County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the state's largest both in terms of population and geographic area, with a population of 927,644 at the 2010 census...

|| Soil is contaminated by arsenic

Arsenic

, lead

Lead

, zinc

Zinc

, chromium

Chromium

, dieldrin

Dieldrin

and PCBs and groundwater by PCE, TCE, DCE

Dichloroethene

and perchlorate

Perchlorate

Perchlorates are the salts derived from perchloric acid . They occur both naturally and through manufacturing. They have been used as a medicine for more than 50 years to treat thyroid gland disorders. They are used extensively within the pyrotechnics industry, and ammonium perchlorate is also a...

. || || || || ||
|-style="background:#d0f0c0"
||TND980558894||North Hollywood Dump||Shelby

Shelby County, Tennessee

Shelby County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the state's largest both in terms of population and geographic area, with a population of 927,644 at the 2010 census...

||Soil, groundwater, and pond sediments were contaminated with pesticide

Pesticide

s and heavy metals, including lead

Lead

, copper

Copper

Copper is a chemical element with the symbol Cu and atomic number 29. It is a ductile metal with very high thermal and electrical conductivity. Pure copper is soft and malleable; an exposed surface has a reddish-orange tarnish...

and arsenic

Arsenic

from former industrial waste dumping.|| || || || ||
|-
||TN1890090003||Oak Ridge Reservation (USDOE

United States Department of Energy

The United States Department of Energy is a Cabinet-level department of the United States government concerned with the United States' policies regarding energy and safety in handling nuclear material...

)||Roane and Anderson

Anderson County, Tennessee

Anderson County is a U.S. county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. As of the 2010 census, its population is 75,129. Its county seat is Clinton.It is included in the Knoxville, Tennessee, Metropolitan Statistical Area.-Geography:...

|| The site consists of hundreds of contaminated areas inside and around the Reservation, including three large production facilities dating from the Manhattan Project

Manhattan Project

The Manhattan Project was a research and development program, led by the United States with participation from the United Kingdom and Canada, that produced the first atomic bomb during World War II. From 1942 to 1946, the project was under the direction of Major General Leslie Groves of the US Army...

: the Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Oak Ridge National Laboratory

Oak Ridge National Laboratory is a multiprogram science and technology national laboratory managed for the United States Department of Energy by UT-Battelle. ORNL is the DOE's largest science and energy laboratory. ORNL is located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, near Knoxville...

, the former K-25

K-25

K-25 is a former uranium enrichment facility of the Manhattan Project which used the gaseous diffusion method. The plant is located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, on the southwestern end of the Oak Ridge Reservation.-History:...

gaseous diffusion uranium enrichment plant and the Y-12 plant

Y-12 National Security Complex

The Y-12 National Security Complex is a United States Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration facility located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, near the Oak Ridge National Laboratory...

which formerly enriched uranium by an electromagnetic method and now performs nuclear weapon

Nuclear weapon

A nuclear weapon is an explosive device that derives its destructive force from nuclear reactions, either fission or a combination of fission and fusion. Both reactions release vast quantities of energy from relatively small amounts of matter. The first fission bomb test released the same amount...

s and energy functions. Leakage from buried waste and former processing facilities has contaminated soil, groundwater, surface water and sediments with substances including base neutral acids, inorganic compound

Inorganic compound

Inorganic compounds have traditionally been considered to be of inanimate, non-biological origin. In contrast, organic compounds have an explicit biological origin. However, over the past century, the classification of inorganic vs organic compounds has become less important to scientists,...

s, metals, PAHs, PCBs, pesticide

Pesticide

s, radioactive materials and VOCs. Contamination outside the Reservation is mainly of surface water and sediments.|| || || || ||
|-
||TND096070396||Ross Metals Inc.||Fayette|| Soil and surface water were contaminated by lead

Lead

from a former secondary smelter. Groundwater lead contamination is being treated.|| || || || ||
|-style="background:#add8e6"
|| TND987790300 || Sixty One Industrial || Shelby

Shelby County, Tennessee

Shelby County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the state's largest both in terms of population and geographic area, with a population of 927,644 at the 2010 census...

|| Former industrial activities led to groundwater contamination by vinyl chloride

Vinyl chloride

, TCE, PCE, antimony

Antimony

Antimony is a toxic chemical element with the symbol Sb and an atomic number of 51. A lustrous grey metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite...

, arsenic

Arsenic

, barium

Barium

Barium is a chemical element with the symbol Ba and atomic number 56. It is the fifth element in Group 2, a soft silvery metallic alkaline earth metal. Barium is never found in nature in its pure form due to its reactivity with air. Its oxide is historically known as baryta but it reacts with...

, iron

Iron

Iron is a chemical element with the symbol Fe and atomic number 26. It is a metal in the first transition series. It is the most common element forming the planet Earth as a whole, forming much of Earth's outer and inner core. It is the fourth most common element in the Earth's crust...

, manganese

Manganese

Manganese is a chemical element, designated by the symbol Mn. It has the atomic number 25. It is found as a free element in nature , and in many minerals...

and thallium

Thallium

Thallium is a chemical element with the symbol Tl and atomic number 81. This soft gray poor metal resembles tin but discolors when exposed to air. The two chemists William Crookes and Claude-Auguste Lamy discovered thallium independently in 1861 by the newly developed method of flame spectroscopy...

. || || || || ||
|-
||TNN000407378||Smalley-Piper||Shelby

Shelby County, Tennessee

Shelby County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It is the state's largest both in terms of population and geographic area, with a population of 927,644 at the 2010 census...

||Soil contamination by metals including chromium

Chromium

, copper

Copper

and lead

Lead

and groundwater and surface water contamination by hexavalent chromium

Hexavalent chromium

from former tool manufacturing. Groundwater contamination has affected the Memphis Aquifer and two Collierville

Collierville, Tennessee

Collierville is a town in Shelby County, Tennessee, United States, and a suburb located in the Memphis metropolitan area. The town had a population of 43,965 at the 2010 census....

municipal wells have been taken out of service as a result.|| || || || ||
|-style="background:#fcf75e"
||TND098071061||Smokey Mountain Smelters||Knox

Knox County, Tennessee

Knox County is a county in the U.S. state of Tennessee. Its 2007 population was estimated at 423,874 by the United States Census Bureau. Its county seat is Knoxville, as it has been since the creation of the county. The county is at the geographical center of the Great Valley of East Tennessee...

|| The site contains an abandoned aluminum smelter and a former fertilizer

Fertilizer

Fertilizer is any organic or inorganic material of natural or synthetic origin that is added to a soil to supply one or more plant nutrients essential to the growth of plants. A recent assessment found that about 40 to 60% of crop yields are attributable to commercial fertilizer use...

manufacturing plant. Around 2,700 cubic yards of aluminum dross

Dross

Dross is a mass of solid impurities floating on a molten metal. It appears usually on the melting of low-melting-point metals or alloys such as tin, lead, zinc or aluminium, or by oxidation of the metal. It can also consist of impurities such as paint leftovers...

, contain heavy metals and water-soluble and corrosive salts such as aluminum nitride, sodium chloride

Sodium chloride

Sodium chloride, also known as salt, common salt, table salt or halite, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaCl. Sodium chloride is the salt most responsible for the salinity of the ocean and of the extracellular fluid of many multicellular organisms...

and potassium chloride

Potassium chloride

The chemical compound potassium chloride is a metal halide salt composed of potassium and chlorine. In its pure state, it is odorless and has a white or colorless vitreous crystal appearance, with a crystal structure that cleaves easily in three directions. Potassium chloride crystals are...

. There are also around 75,000 cu yd of salt cake. Groundwater is contaminated by arsenic

Arsenic

, soils are contaminated by arsenic and PCBs and a nearby creek is contaminated by cadmium

Cadmium

Cadmium is a chemical element with the symbol Cd and atomic number 48. This soft, bluish-white metal is chemically similar to the two other stable metals in group 12, zinc and mercury. Similar to zinc, it prefers oxidation state +2 in most of its compounds and similar to mercury it shows a low...

. Access to the site is unrestricted, so tresspassers may come into contact with contaminants.|| || || || ||
|-
||TND071516959||Tennessee Products||Hamilton

Hamilton County, Tennessee

Hamilton County is a county located in the U.S. state of Tennessee. It was named for Alexander Hamilton, the first Secretary of the Treasury. The 2005 Census Estimate placed the population at 310,935 . Its county seat is Chattanooga....

||Soil, groundwater, surface water and sediment, including the Chattanooga Creek are contaminated by pesticide

Pesticide

s, VOCs, PAHs, metals and PCBs from uncontrolled coal tar

Coal tar

Coal tar is a brown or black liquid of extremely high viscosity, which smells of naphthalene and aromatic hydrocarbons. Coal tar is among the by-products when coal iscarbonized to make coke or gasified to make coal gas...

dumping.|| || || || ||
|-
||TND980559033||Velsicol Chemical Corp (Hardeman County)

Velsicol Chemical Corporation

Genovique Specialties Corporation was a Rosemont, Illinois based chemical company founded in 1931 that specializes in plasticizers....

||Hardeman|| Approximately 130,000 drums of waste from the company's Memphis

Memphis, Tennessee

Memphis is a city in the southwestern corner of the U.S. state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Shelby County. The city is located on the 4th Chickasaw Bluff, south of the confluence of the Wolf and Mississippi rivers....

pesticide

Pesticide

plant were dumped on site, contaminating soil and groundwater with base neutral acids, pesticide

Pesticide

s, PAHs and VOCs. Contamination was found in private drinking water wells in 1979.|| || || || ||
|-
||TND980844781||Wrigley Charcoal Plant||Hickman||Soil and groundwater are contaminated by wood tar chemicals, metals and VOCs from past industrial operations.|| || || || ||
|-
|}

External links

The source of this article is wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The text of this article is licensed under the GFDL.

Superfund sites

See also

External links