List of United States federal executive orders
Encyclopedia
The following is an incomplete list of United States federal executive orders.
At the federal level of government in the United States
, laws are made almost exclusively by legislation
. Such legislation originates as an Act of Congress
passed by the Congress of the United States (and its predecessor, the Continental Congress
); such acts were either signed into law by the President
or passed by Congress after a presidential veto.
However, legislation is not the only source of regulations which have the force of law
. There is also judge-made common law
and constitutional law
. The President can issue executive orders pursuant to a grant of discretion
from Congress, or under the inherent powers that office holds to deal with certain matters of foreign policy
.
Many early executive orders were not recorded. The State Department
began numbering executive orders in the early 20th century, starting retroactively from President Abraham Lincoln
's Executive Order Establishing a Provisional Court in Louisiana issued in 1862.
1933 - E.O. 6071 - E.O. 6545 (573 Executive orders signed)
1934 - E.O. 6546 - E.O. 6935 (474 Executive orders signed)
1935 - E.O. 6936 - E.O. 7261 (394 Executive orders signed)
1936 - E.O. 7262 - E.O. 7531 (274 Executive orders signed)
1937 - E.O. 7532 - E.O. 7784 (253 Executive orders signed)
1938 - E.O. 7784-A - E.O. 8030 (247 Executive orders signed)
1939 - E.O. 8031 - E.O. 8316 (287 Executive orders signed)
1940 - E.O. 8317 - E.O. 8624 (309 Executive orders signed)
1941 - E.O. 8625 - E.O. 9005 (383 Executive orders signed)
1942 - E.O. 9006 - E.O. 9292 (289 Executive orders signed)
1943 - E.O. 9293 - E.O. 9412 (122 Executive orders signed)
1944 - E.O. 9413 - E.O. 9508 (100 Executive orders signed)
1945 - E.O. 9509 - E.O. 9537 (29 Executive orders signed)
EO's 9538-10431
1945 - E.O. 9538 - E.O. 9672 (139 Executive orders signed)
1945 - Executive Order 9621: Termination of the Office of Strategic Services
1946 - E.O. 9673 - E.O. 9817 (148 Executive orders signed)
1947 - E.O. 9818 - E.O. 9918 (100 Executive orders signed)
1948 - E.O. 9919 - E.O. 10025 (117 Executive orders signed)
1949 - E.O. 10026 - E.O. 10094 (69 Executive orders signed)
1950 - E.O. 10095 - E.O. 10199 (95 Executive orders signed)
1951 - E.O. 10200 - E.O. 10317 (118 Executive orders signed)
1952 - E.O. 10318 - E.O. 10420 (104 Executive orders signed)
1953 - E.O. 10421 - E.O. 10431 (11 Executive orders signed)
EO's 10432-10913
At the federal level of government in the United States
Federal government of the United States
The federal government of the United States is the national government of the constitutional republic of fifty states that is the United States of America. The federal government comprises three distinct branches of government: a legislative, an executive and a judiciary. These branches and...
, laws are made almost exclusively by legislation
Legislation
Legislation is law which has been promulgated by a legislature or other governing body, or the process of making it...
. Such legislation originates as an Act of Congress
Act of Congress
An Act of Congress is a statute enacted by government with a legislature named "Congress," such as the United States Congress or the Congress of the Philippines....
passed by the Congress of the United States (and its predecessor, the Continental Congress
Continental Congress
The Continental Congress was a convention of delegates called together from the Thirteen Colonies that became the governing body of the United States during the American Revolution....
); such acts were either signed into law by the President
President of the United States
The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....
or passed by Congress after a presidential veto.
However, legislation is not the only source of regulations which have the force of law
Statutory law
Statutory law or statute law is written law set down by a legislature or by a legislator .Statutes may originate with national, state legislatures or local municipalities...
. There is also judge-made common law
Common law
Common law is law developed by judges through decisions of courts and similar tribunals rather than through legislative statutes or executive branch action...
and constitutional law
Constitutional law
Constitutional law is the body of law which defines the relationship of different entities within a state, namely, the executive, the legislature and the judiciary....
. The President can issue executive orders pursuant to a grant of discretion
Enabling act
An enabling act is a piece of legislation by which a legislative body grants an entity which depends on it for authorization or legitimacy the power to take certain actions. For example, enabling acts often establish government agencies to carry out specific government policies in a modern nation...
from Congress, or under the inherent powers that office holds to deal with certain matters of foreign policy
Foreign policy
A country's foreign policy, also called the foreign relations policy, consists of self-interest strategies chosen by the state to safeguard its national interests and to achieve its goals within international relations milieu. The approaches are strategically employed to interact with other countries...
.
Many early executive orders were not recorded. The State Department
United States Department of State
The United States Department of State , is the United States federal executive department responsible for international relations of the United States, equivalent to the foreign ministries of other countries...
began numbering executive orders in the early 20th century, starting retroactively from President Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln
Abraham Lincoln was the 16th President of the United States, serving from March 1861 until his assassination in April 1865. He successfully led his country through a great constitutional, military and moral crisis – the American Civil War – preserving the Union, while ending slavery, and...
's Executive Order Establishing a Provisional Court in Louisiana issued in 1862.
1800s
- 1836: Specie CircularSpecie CircularThe Specie Circular was an executive order issued by U.S. President Andrew Jackson in 1836 and carried out by President Martin Van Buren. It required payment for government land to be in gold and silver.-History:...
- Required payment for public lands be in goldGoldGold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
and silverSilverSilver is a metallic chemical element with the chemical symbol Ag and atomic number 47. A soft, white, lustrous transition metal, it has the highest electrical conductivity of any element and the highest thermal conductivity of any metal...
specieCurrencyIn economics, currency refers to a generally accepted medium of exchange. These are usually the coins and banknotes of a particular government, which comprise the physical aspects of a nation's money supply... - 1872: The Colville Indian ReservationColville Indian ReservationThe Colville Indian Reservation is an Indian reservation in the north-central part of the U.S. state of Washington, inhabited and managed by the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, which is recognized by the United States of America as an American Indian Tribe...
is created. April 9, 1872
1900-1929
- 1901-1909: Executive Orders by President Theodore Roosevelt: Complete List of Executive Orders by President Theodore Roosevelt
- 1914: Executive Order 1888: Providing conditions of employment for the Permanent Force for the Panama Canal
- 1918: Executive Order 2859: National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences
- 1927: Executive Order 4601: Authorization of the Distinguished Flying Cross
Franklin D. Roosevelt (1933-1945)
EO's 6071-95371933 - E.O. 6071 - E.O. 6545 (573 Executive orders signed)
- 1933: Executive Order 6102Executive Order 6102Executive Order 6102 is an Executive Order signed on April 5, 1933, by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt "forbidding the Hoarding of Gold Coin, Gold Bullion, and Gold Certificates within the continental United States"...
: Prohibited the hoarding of goldGoldGold is a chemical element with the symbol Au and an atomic number of 79. Gold is a dense, soft, shiny, malleable and ductile metal. Pure gold has a bright yellow color and luster traditionally considered attractive, which it maintains without oxidizing in air or water. Chemically, gold is a...
coins, gold bullion, and gold certificates - 1933: Executive Order 6340: Created the Commodity Credit CorporationCommodity Credit CorporationThe Commodity Credit Corporation is a wholly owned government corporation created in 1933 to "stabilize, support, and protect farm income and prices"...
1934 - E.O. 6546 - E.O. 6935 (474 Executive orders signed)
- 1934: Executive Order 6591: Cancelled all domestic mail contracts
1935 - E.O. 6936 - E.O. 7261 (394 Executive orders signed)
- 1935: Executive Order 7034: Created the Works Progress AdministrationWorks Progress AdministrationThe Works Progress Administration was the largest and most ambitious New Deal agency, employing millions of unskilled workers to carry out public works projects, including the construction of public buildings and roads, and operated large arts, drama, media, and literacy projects...
(WPA), May 6, 1935
1936 - E.O. 7262 - E.O. 7531 (274 Executive orders signed)
1937 - E.O. 7532 - E.O. 7784 (253 Executive orders signed)
1938 - E.O. 7784-A - E.O. 8030 (247 Executive orders signed)
1939 - E.O. 8031 - E.O. 8316 (287 Executive orders signed)
- 1939: Executive Order 8034: Created the Federal Real Estate Board
- 1939: Executive Order 8248: Reorganised the Executive Office of the President
1940 - E.O. 8317 - E.O. 8624 (309 Executive orders signed)
1941 - E.O. 8625 - E.O. 9005 (383 Executive orders signed)
- 1941: Executive Order 8802Executive Order 8802Executive Order 8802 was signed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt on June 25, 1941, to prohibit racial discrimination in the national defense industry...
: Prohibited racial, religious, and ethnic discrimination in the defense industry
1942 - E.O. 9006 - E.O. 9292 (289 Executive orders signed)
- 1942: Executive Order 9066Executive Order 9066United States Executive Order 9066 was a United States presidential executive order signed and issued during World War II by U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt on February 19, 1942 authorizing the Secretary of War to prescribe certain areas as military zones...
: Established areas in the U.S. from which any or all persons may be excluded → Japanese-American internmentJapanese American internmentJapanese-American internment was the relocation and internment by the United States government in 1942 of approximately 110,000 Japanese Americans and Japanese who lived along the Pacific coast of the United States to camps called "War Relocation Camps," in the wake of Imperial Japan's attack on... - 1942: Executive Order 9095: Created the Office of the Alien Property Custodian
- 1942: Executive Order 9102Executive Order 9102Executive Order 9102 was a United States presidential executive order ordering the creation of the War Relocation Authority which was the U.S. civilian agency responsible for the penetration, relocation and internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II...
: Created the War Relocation AuthorityWar Relocation AuthorityThe War Relocation Authority was a United States government agency established to handle internment of Japanese-, German-, and Italian-Americans during World War II...
for the internment of Japanese-Americans - 1942: Executive Order 9139: Created the War Manpower CommissionWar Manpower CommissionThe War Manpower Commission was a World War II agency of the United States Government charged with planning to balance the labor needs of agriculture, industry and the armed forces. It was created by President Franklin D. Roosevelt in Executive Order 9139 of April 18, 1942. Its chairman was Paul V...
- 1942: Executive Order 9260: Established the rules for awarding the Legion of MeritLegion of MeritThe Legion of Merit is a military decoration of the United States armed forces that is awarded for exceptionally meritorious conduct in the performance of outstanding services and achievements...
and required the President's approval for its award
1943 - E.O. 9293 - E.O. 9412 (122 Executive orders signed)
1944 - E.O. 9413 - E.O. 9508 (100 Executive orders signed)
1945 - E.O. 9509 - E.O. 9537 (29 Executive orders signed)
Harry S Truman (1945-1953)
Administration of Harry S Truman Executive Orders Disposition TablesEO's 9538-10431
1945 - E.O. 9538 - E.O. 9672 (139 Executive orders signed)
1945 - Executive Order 9621: Termination of the Office of Strategic Services
Office of Strategic Services
The Office of Strategic Services was a United States intelligence agency formed during World War II. It was the wartime intelligence agency, and it was a predecessor of the Central Intelligence Agency...
1946 - E.O. 9673 - E.O. 9817 (148 Executive orders signed)
- 1946: Executive Order 9761: Preservation and Display of Enemy Flags Captured by the Navy and the Coast Guard. Supersedes: Executive order of February 9, 1849
1947 - E.O. 9818 - E.O. 9918 (100 Executive orders signed)
- 1947: Executive Order 9835Executive Order 9835President Harry S. Truman signed United States Executive Order 9835, sometimes known as the "Loyalty Order", on March 21, 1947. The order established the first general loyalty program in the United States, designed to root out communist influence in the U.S. federal government...
: Established the first general loyalty programLoyalty programLoyalty programs are structured marketing efforts that reward, and therefore encourage, loyal buying behavior — behavior which is potentially beneficial to the firm....
designed to root out Communists in the government.
1948 - E.O. 9919 - E.O. 10025 (117 Executive orders signed)
- 1948: Executive Order 9981Executive Order 9981Executive Order 9981 is an executive order issued on July 26, 1948 by U.S. President Harry S. Truman. It expanded on Executive Order 8802 by establishing equality of treatment and opportunity in the Armed Services for people of all races, religions, or national origins."In 1947, Randolph, along...
: Prohibited racial, religious, and ethnic discriminationDiscriminationDiscrimination is the prejudicial treatment of an individual based on their membership in a certain group or category. It involves the actual behaviors towards groups such as excluding or restricting members of one group from opportunities that are available to another group. The term began to be...
in the armed forcesArmed forcesThe armed forces of a country are its government-sponsored defense, fighting forces, and organizations. They exist to further the foreign and domestic policies of their governing body, and to defend that body and the nation it represents from external aggressors. In some countries paramilitary...
1949 - E.O. 10026 - E.O. 10094 (69 Executive orders signed)
1950 - E.O. 10095 - E.O. 10199 (95 Executive orders signed)
1951 - E.O. 10200 - E.O. 10317 (118 Executive orders signed)
1952 - E.O. 10318 - E.O. 10420 (104 Executive orders signed)
- 1952: Executive Order 10340: Ordered Secretary of Commerce to seize steel mills to prevent labor strike. Found unconstitutional by the Supreme CourtSupreme Court of the United StatesThe Supreme Court of the United States is the highest court in the United States. It has ultimate appellate jurisdiction over all state and federal courts, and original jurisdiction over a small range of cases...
in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. SawyerYoungstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. SawyerYoungstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, , also commonly referred to as The Steel Seizure Case, was a United States Supreme Court decision that limited the power of the President of the United States to seize private property in the absence of either specifically enumerated authority under Article...
.
1953 - E.O. 10421 - E.O. 10431 (11 Executive orders signed)
Dwight D. Eisenhower (1953-1961)
Administration of Dwight D. Eisenhower Executive Orders Disposition TablesEO's 10432-10913
- 1959: Executive Order 10834: Defined the design of the flag of the United StatesFlag of the United StatesThe national flag of the United States of America consists of thirteen equal horizontal stripes of red alternating with white, with a blue rectangle in the canton bearing fifty small, white, five-pointed stars arranged in nine offset horizontal rows of six stars alternating with rows...
John F. Kennedy (1961-1963)
EO's 10914-11127- 1961: Executive Order 10925: Created the Equal Employment Opportunities Commission
- 1962: Executive Order 11051 was revoked by Executive Order 12148Executive Order 12148Executive Order 12148 was an executive order enacted by President Jimmy Carter on July 20, 1979 to transfer and reassign duties to the newly formed agency, known as the Federal Emergency Management Agency , created by...
: Specifies the duties and responsibilities of the Office of Emergency Planning and gives authorization to put ALL executive orders into effect in times deemed to be of increased international tension, economic crisis, and/or financial crisis
- 1963: Executive Order 11110Executive Order 11110Executive Order 11110 was issued by U.S. President John F. Kennedy on June 4, 1963.This executive order delegated to the Secretary of the Treasury the president's authority to issue silver certificates under the Thomas Amendment of the Agricultural Adjustment Act.-Background:On November 28, 1961,...
: Delegating the authority to issue silver certificates under the Agricultural Adjustment Act of May 12, 1933 to the SecretaryUnited States Secretary of the TreasuryThe Secretary of the Treasury of the United States is the head of the United States Department of the Treasury, which is concerned with financial and monetary matters, and, until 2003, also with some issues of national security and defense. This position in the Federal Government of the United...
of the TreasuryUnited States Department of the TreasuryThe Department of the Treasury is an executive department and the treasury of the United States federal government. It was established by an Act of Congress in 1789 to manage government revenue...
Lyndon B. Johnson (1963-1969)
EO's 11128-11451- 1963: Executive Order 11129: Decreed on November 29, 1963 that the NASA Launch Operations Center (LOC), including facilities on Merritt Island and Cape Canaveral, would be renamed the John F. Kennedy Space Center, NASA. That name change officially took effect on December 20, 1963
- 1964: Executive Order 11130: Created Warren CommissionWarren CommissionThe President's Commission on the Assassination of President Kennedy, known unofficially as the Warren Commission, was established on November 27, 1963, by Lyndon B. Johnson to investigate the assassination of United States President John F. Kennedy on November 22, 1963...
to investigate the assassination of president Kennedy - 1965: Executive Order 11246Executive Order 11246Executive Order 11246, signed by President Lyndon B. Johnson on September 24, 1965 required Equal Employment Opportunity. The Order "prohibits federal contractors and federally assisted construction contractors and subcontractors, who do over $10,000 in Government business in one year from...
: Prohibited discriminationDiscriminationDiscrimination is the prejudicial treatment of an individual based on their membership in a certain group or category. It involves the actual behaviors towards groups such as excluding or restricting members of one group from opportunities that are available to another group. The term began to be...
in employment decisions on the basis of race, color, religion, sex, or national origin - 1966: Executive Order 11310: Grants authority to the Department of JusticeUnited States Department of JusticeThe United States Department of Justice , is the United States federal executive department responsible for the enforcement of the law and administration of justice, equivalent to the justice or interior ministries of other countries.The Department is led by the Attorney General, who is nominated...
to enforce the plans set out in Executive OrdersExecutive OrdersExecutive Orders is a political and military thriller novel by Tom Clancy. It was published in 1996, and is a canonical part of the Jack Ryan universe.-Plot summary:...
, to institute industrial support, to establish judicial and legislative liaison, to control all aliensAlien (law)In law, an alien is a person in a country who is not a citizen of that country.-Categorization:Types of "alien" persons are:*An alien who is legally permitted to remain in a country which is foreign to him or her. On specified terms, this kind of alien may be called a legal alien of that country...
, to operate penal and correctional institutions, and to advise and assist the PresidentPresidentA president is a leader of an organization, company, trade union, university, or country.Etymologically, a president is one who presides, who sits in leadership...
Richard Nixon (1969-1974)
EO's 11452-11797- 1969: Executive Order 11478Executive Order 11478Executive Order 11478, signed by U.S. President Richard M. Nixon on August 8, 1969, prohibited discrimination in the competitive service of the federal civilian workforce on certain grounds...
: Prohibiting discriminationDiscriminationDiscrimination is the prejudicial treatment of an individual based on their membership in a certain group or category. It involves the actual behaviors towards groups such as excluding or restricting members of one group from opportunities that are available to another group. The term began to be...
based on race, color, religion, sex, national origin, handicap, or age in the competitive serviceCompetitive serviceThe competitive service is a part of the United States federal government civil service. Applicants for jobs in the competitive civil service must compete with other applicants in open competition under the merit system administered by the Office of Personnel Management.According to U.S...
of the federal civilian workforce, which includes civilians employed by the armed forcesArmed forcesThe armed forces of a country are its government-sponsored defense, fighting forces, and organizations. They exist to further the foreign and domestic policies of their governing body, and to defend that body and the nation it represents from external aggressors. In some countries paramilitary...
and by federal contractors and contractors performing under federally assisted construction contracts. Some categories were added by Executive Order 13087Executive Order 13087Executive Order 13087 was signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton on May 28, 1998, amending Executive Order 11478 to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation in the competitive service of the federal civilian workforce. The order also applies to employees of the government of the District...
in 1998 and Executive Order 13152 in 2000.
Gerald R. Ford (1974-1977)
EO's 11798-11966- 1975: Executive Order 11850Executive Order 11850Executive Order 11850--Renunciation of certain uses in war of chemical herbicides and riot control agents. was signed on April 8, 1975, by United States President Gerald Ford....
: Renunciation of certain uses in war of chemical herbicides and riot control agents.
- 1976: Executive Order 11905Executive Order 11905Executive Order 11905 is a United States Presidential Executive Order signed on February 18, 1976, by President Gerald R. Ford as an attempt to reform the United States Intelligence Community, improve oversight on foreign intelligence activities, and ban political assassination...
: Outlawed the use of political assassinationAssassinationTo carry out an assassination is "to murder by a sudden and/or secret attack, often for political reasons." Alternatively, assassination may be defined as "the act of deliberately killing someone, especially a public figure, usually for hire or for political reasons."An assassination may be...
.
- 1976: Executive Order 11921Executive Order 11921Executive Order 11921 was an executive order approved by President of the United States Gerald Ford on June 11, 1976. It amends Executive Order 11490 of October 28, 1969, which calls for federal agencies to prepare plans for a state of emergency that would require "over-all civilian manpower...
: Allows the Federal Emergency Preparedness Agency to develop plans to establish control over the mechanisms of production, distribution, energy sources, wages, salaries, credit, and the flow of money.
Jimmy Carter (1977-1981)
EO's 11967-12286- 1978: Executive Order 12036Executive Order 12036Executive Order 12036 is a United States Presidential Executive Order signed on January 24, 1978, by President Jimmy Carter that imposed restrictions on and reformed the U.S. Intelligence Community along with further banning indirect U.S. involvement in assassinations. The EO was designed to...
: Reformed the Intelligence CommunityUnited States Intelligence CommunityThe United States Intelligence Community is a cooperative federation of 16 separate United States government agencies that work separately and together to conduct intelligence activities considered necessary for the conduct of foreign relations and the protection of the national security of the...
and further banned assassinationAssassinationTo carry out an assassination is "to murder by a sudden and/or secret attack, often for political reasons." Alternatively, assassination may be defined as "the act of deliberately killing someone, especially a public figure, usually for hire or for political reasons."An assassination may be...
. - 1979: Executive Order 12148Executive Order 12148Executive Order 12148 was an executive order enacted by President Jimmy Carter on July 20, 1979 to transfer and reassign duties to the newly formed agency, known as the Federal Emergency Management Agency , created by...
: Established the Federal Emergency Management AgencyFederal Emergency Management AgencyThe Federal Emergency Management Agency is an agency of the United States Department of Homeland Security, initially created by Presidential Reorganization Plan No. 1 of 1978 and implemented by two Executive Orders...
(FEMA) - 1979: Executive Order 12170Executive Order 12170Executive Order 12170 was issued by American president Jimmy Carter on November 14, 1979 during the Iran hostage crisis. This allowed the freezing of all Iranian assets held within the United States.-External links:...
: Allows the freezing of all IranIranIran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia...
ian assets held within the United States
Ronald Reagan (1981-1989)
EO's 12287-12667- 1981: Executive Order 12333Executive Order 12333On December 4, 1981 President Ronald Reagan signedExecutive Order 12333,an Executive Order intended toextend powers and responsibilities of US intelligence agencies and direct the leaders of U.S...
: Strengthened management of the United States Intelligence CommunityUnited States Intelligence CommunityThe United States Intelligence Community is a cooperative federation of 16 separate United States government agencies that work separately and together to conduct intelligence activities considered necessary for the conduct of foreign relations and the protection of the national security of the... - 1982: Executive Order 12372: Intergovernmental Review of Federal programs
- 1988: Executive Order 12656: Assignment of Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities
- 1988: Executive Order 12631: Working Group on Financial Markets
- 1989: Executive Order 12667Executive Order 12667Executive Order 12667 established a procedure for former United States Presidents to limit access to certain records which would otherwise have been released by the National Archives and Records Administration under the Presidential Records Act of 1978...
: Establishes procedure for access to Presidential Records. (Revoked by Executive Order 13233Executive Order 13233Executive Order 13233 limited access to the records of former United States Presidents. It was drafted by then White House Counsel Alberto Gonzales and issued by George W. Bush on November 1, 2001...
, 1 November 2001. Restored by Barack Obama on 21 January 2009.)
George H.W. Bush (1989-1993)
EO's 12668-12833- 1992: Executive Order 12810: implemented United Nations sanctions against engaging in economic activities in YugoslaviaYugoslaviaYugoslavia refers to three political entities that existed successively on the western part of the Balkans during most of the 20th century....
. Noteworthy for its role in the extradition attempts of Bobby FischerBobby FischerRobert James "Bobby" Fischer was an American chess Grandmaster and the 11th World Chess Champion. He is widely considered one of the greatest chess players of all time. Fischer was also a best-selling chess author...
. (This Executive Order was later terminated in 2003) - 1993: Executive Order 12829: Created the National Industrial Security ProgramNational Industrial Security ProgramThe National Industrial Security Program, or NISP, is the nominal authority for managing the needs of private industry to access classified information.The NISP was established in 1993 by Executive Order 12829...
Bill Clinton (1993-2001)
EO's 12834-13197| Number | Title/Description | Date signed |
|---|---|---|
| 12898 | Regarding Environmental justice Environmental justice Environmental justice is "the fair treatment and meaningful involvement of all people regardless of race, color, sex, national origin, or income with respect to the development, implementation and enforcement of environmental laws, regulations, and policies." In the words of Bunyan Bryant,... |
1994 |
| 12957 | Banning U.S. investment in Iran's energy sector Energy in Iran Energy resources in Iran consist of the third largest oil reserves and the second largest natural gas reserves in the world. Iran is in a constant battle to use its energy resources more effectively in the face of subsidization and the need for technological advances in energy exploration and... - see Iran and Libya Sanctions Act Iran and Libya Sanctions Act The Iran and Libya Sanctions Act of 1996 was a 1996 act of Congress that imposed economic sanctions on firms doing business with Iran and Libya. On September 30, 2006, the act was renamed to the Iran Sanctions Act , as it no longer applied to Libya, and extended until December 31, 2011... |
1995 |
| 12958 Executive Order 12958 Executive Order 12958 created new standards for the process of identifying and protecting classified information, and led to an unprecedented effort to declassify millions of pages from the U.S. diplomatic and national security history. In 1995, United States President William J. Clinton signed... |
Prescribing a uniform system for classifying, safeguarding, and declassifying national security National security National security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the state through the use of economic, diplomacy, power projection and political power. The concept developed mostly in the United States of America after World War II... information |
1995 |
| 12959 | Eliminating all trade and investment and virtually all interaction between the United States and Iran Iran Iran , officially the Islamic Republic of Iran , is a country in Southern and Western Asia. The name "Iran" has been in use natively since the Sassanian era and came into use internationally in 1935, before which the country was known to the Western world as Persia... |
1995 |
| 12986 | Regarding national parks | 1996 |
| 13010 Executive Order 13010 Arthur C. Clarke said in the "Sources" section of his novel, 3001: The Final Odyssey;"As the result of a series of Senate Hearings on Computer Security in June 1996, on 15 July 1996 President Clinton signed Executive Order 13010 to deal with 'computer-based attacks on the information or... |
Establishment of the Infrastructure Protection Task Force ("IPTF") to help protect critical infrastructure Critical Infrastructure Protection Critical infrastructure protection is a concept that relates to the preparedness and response to serious incidents that involve the critical infrastructure of a region or nation.... |
1996 |
| 13073 | Year 2000 Conversion. Established the President's Council on Year 2000 Conversion. | 1998 |
| 13087 Executive Order 13087 Executive Order 13087 was signed by U.S. President Bill Clinton on May 28, 1998, amending Executive Order 11478 to prohibit discrimination based on sexual orientation in the competitive service of the federal civilian workforce. The order also applies to employees of the government of the District... |
Prohibiting discrimination based on sexual orientation Sexual orientation Sexual orientation describes a pattern of emotional, romantic, or sexual attractions to the opposite sex, the same sex, both, or neither, and the genders that accompany them. By the convention of organized researchers, these attractions are subsumed under heterosexuality, homosexuality,... in the competitive service Competitive service The competitive service is a part of the United States federal government civil service. Applicants for jobs in the competitive civil service must compete with other applicants in open competition under the merit system administered by the Office of Personnel Management.According to U.S... of the federal civilian workforce, which includes civilians employed by the armed forces |
1998 |
| 13112 | On Feb 3, 1999, Executive Order 13112 was signed establishing the National Invasive Species Council. The Executive Order requires that a Council of Departments dealing with invasive species be created. | 1999 |
| 13128 | implementation of the Chemical Weapons Convention Chemical Weapons Convention The Chemical Weapons Convention is an arms control agreement which outlaws the production, stockpiling and use of chemical weapons. Its full name is the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on their Destruction... |
1999 |
| 13132 | Directs federal agencies to respect constitutional rights of states →Federalism | 1999 |
| 13158 | Established the National Marine Protected Areas Initiative National Marine Protected Areas Initiative The National System of Marine Protected Areas of the United States is a national initiative designed to strengthen the protection of U.S. ocean, coastal, and Great Lakes resources through the coordination of existing marine protected areas... |
2000 |
| 13166 Executive Order 13166 On August 11, 2000, United States President Bill Clinton signed Executive Order 13166, “Improving Access to Services for Persons with Limited English Proficiency”... |
Required Federal agencies to provide services so that individuals with limited English proficiency English language learning and teaching English as a second language , English for speakers of other languages and English as a foreign language all refer to the use or study of English by speakers with different native languages. The precise usage, including the different use of the terms ESL and ESOL in different countries, is... (LEP) can have meaningful access to them. |
2000 |
| 13175 | Directed Federal agencies on the conduct of regular and meaningful consultation and collaboration with tribal officials in the development of Federal policies that have tribal implications. | 2000 |
George W. Bush (2001-2009)
Executive Orders numbered 13198 - 13486 (January 29, 2001 through January 9, 2009)| Number | Title/Description | Date signed | Federal Register Federal Register The Federal Register , abbreviated FR, or sometimes Fed. Reg.) is the official journal of the federal government of the United States that contains most routine publications and public notices of government agencies... |
|
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Page | Date | |||
| 13198 | Established agency responsibilities with respect to faith-based and community initiatives White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives The White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, formerly the White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives is an office within the White House Office that is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States.-Under George W. Bush:OFBCI was... |
2001-01-29 | 66 FR 8497 | 2001-01-31 |
| 13199 | Established the White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives The White House Office of Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships, formerly the White House Office of Faith-Based and Community Initiatives is an office within the White House Office that is part of the Executive Office of the President of the United States.-Under George W. Bush:OFBCI was... |
2001-01-29 | 66 FR 8499 | 2001-01-31 |
| 13200 | President's Information Technology Advisory Committee, Further Amendment to Executive Order 13035, as Amended. | 2001-02-11 | 66 FR 10183 | 2001-02-14 |
| 13201 | Notification of Employee Rights Concerning Payment of Union Dues or Fees. | 2001-02-17 | 66 FR 11221 | 2001-02-22 |
| 13202 | Preservation of Open Competition and Government Neutrality Towards Government Contractors' Labor Relations on Federal and Federally Funded Construction Projects | 2001-02-17 | 66 FR 11225 | 2001-02-22 |
| 13203 | Revocation of Executive Order and Presidential Memorandum Concerning Labor-Management Partnerships | 2001-02-17 | 66 FR 11227 | 2001-02-22 |
| 13204 | Revocation of Executive Order on Nondisplacement of Qualified Workers Under Certain Contracts | 2001-02-17 | 66 FR 11228 | 2001-02-22 |
| 13205 | Establishing an Emergency Board To Investigate a Dispute Between Northwest Airlines, Inc., and Its Employees Represented by the Aircraft Mechanics Fraternal Association. | 2001-03-09 | 66 FR 15011 | 2001-03-14 |
| 13206 | Termination of Emergency Authority for Certain Export Controls. | 2001-04-04 | 66 FR 18397 | 2001-04-09 |
| 13207 | Further Amendment to Executive Order 10000, Regulations Governing Additional Compensation and Credit Granted Certain Employees of the Federal Government Serving Outside the United States | 2001-04-05 | 66 FR 18399 | 2001-04-09 |
| 13208 | Amendment to Executive Order 13202, Preservation of Open Competition and Government Neutrality Towards Government Contractors' Labor Relations on Federal and Federally Funded Construction Projects | 2001-04-06 | 66 FR 18399 | 2001-04-09 |
| 13209 | Amendment to Executive Order 13183, Establishment of the President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status President's Task Force on Puerto Rico's Status The mission of the President’s Task Force on Puerto Rico’s Status is to provide options for Puerto Rico’s future status and relationship with the Government of the United States.... . |
2001-04-30 | 66 FR 22105 | 2001-05-02 |
| 13210 | President's Commission Presidential Commission (United States) In the United States, a Presidential Commission is a special task force ordained by the President to complete some special research or investigation... To Strengthen Social Security |
2001-05-02 | 66 FR 22105 | 2001-05-04 |
| 13211 | Actions Concerning Regulations That Significantly Affect Energy Supply, Distribution, or Use | 2001-05-18 | 66 FR 28355 | 2001-05-22 |
| 13212 | Actions To Expedite Energy-Related Projects | 2001-05-18 | 66 FR 28357 | 2001-05-22 |
| 13213 | Additional Measures With Respect To Prohibiting the Importation of Rough Diamonds From Sierra Leone | 2001-05-22 | 66 FR 28829 | 2001-05-24 |
| 13214 | President's Task Force To Improve Health Care Delivery for Our Nation's Veterans. | 2001-05-28 | 66 FR 29447 | 2001-05-31 |
| 13215 | President's Information Technology Advisory Committee, Further Amendment to Executive Order 13035, as Amended. | 2001-05-31 | 66 FR 30285 | 2001-06-05 |
| 13216 | Amendment to Executive Order 13125, Increasing Participation of Asian Americans and Pacific Islanders in Federal Programs. | 2001-06-06 | 66 FR 31373 | 2001-06-11 |
| 13217 | Community-Based Alternatives for Individuals With Disabilities | 2001-06-18 | 66 FR 33155 | 2001-06-21 |
| 13218 | 21st Century Workforce Initiative | 2001-06-20 | 66 FR 33627 | 2001-06-22 |
| 13219 | Blocking Property of Persons Who Threaten International Stabilization Efforts in the Western Balkans. | 2001-06-26 | 66 FR 34775 | 2001-06-29 |
| 13220 | Waiver Under the Trade Act of 1974 With Respect to the Republic of Belarus. | 2001-07-02 | 66 FR 35527 | 2001-07-05 |
| 13221 | Energy Efficient Standby Power Devices | 2001-07-31 | 66 FR 40571 | 2001-08-02 |
| 13222 | Continuation of Export Control Regulations | 2001-08-17 | 66 FR 44025 | 2001-08-22 |
| 13223 | Ordering the Ready Reserve of the Armed Forces to Active Duty and Delegating Certain Authorities to the Secretary of Defense and the Secretary of Transportation. | 2001-09-14 | 66 FR 48201 | 2001-09-18 |
| 13224 Executive Order 13224 Executive Order 13224 is an executive order signed into law by U.S. President George W. Bush on September 23, 2001 as a response to the September 11, 2001 attacks.... |
Blocking property and prohibiting transactions with persons who commit, threaten to commit, or support terrorism | 2001-09-23 | 66 FR 49079 | 2001-09-25 |
| 13225 | Continuance of Certain Federal Advisory Committees | 2001-09-28 | 66 FR 50291 | 2001-10-03 |
| 13226 | President's Council of Advisors on Science and Technology | 2001-09-30 | 66 FR 50523 | 2001-10-03 |
| 13227 | President's Commission Presidential Commission (United States) In the United States, a Presidential Commission is a special task force ordained by the President to complete some special research or investigation... on Excellence in Special Education Special education Special education is the education of students with special needs in a way that addresses the students' individual differences and needs. Ideally, this process involves the individually planned and systematically monitored arrangement of teaching procedures, adapted equipment and materials,... |
2001-10-02 | 66 FR 51289 | 2001-10-05 |
| 13228 | Establishing the Office of Homeland Security and the Homeland Security Council | 2001-10-08 | 66 FR 51812 | 2001-10-10 |
| 13229 | Amendment to Executive Order 13045, Extending the Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children | 2001-10-09 | 66 FR 52013 | 2001-10-11 |
| 13230 | President's Advisory Commission on Educational Excellence for Hispanic Americans | 2001-10-12 | 66 FR 52841 | 2001-10-17 |
| 13231 | Critical Infrastructure Protection in the Information Age | 2001-10-16 | 66 FR 53063 | 2001-10-18 |
| 13232 | Further Amendment to Executive Order 10789, as Amended, To Authorize the Department of Health and Human Services To Exercise Certain Contracting Authority in Connection With National Defense Functions | 2001-10-20 | 66 FR 53941 | 2001-10-24 |
| 13233 Executive Order 13233 Executive Order 13233 limited access to the records of former United States Presidents. It was drafted by then White House Counsel Alberto Gonzales and issued by George W. Bush on November 1, 2001... |
Furthers implementation of the Presidential Records Act Presidential Records Act The Presidential Records Act of 1978, , is an Act of Congress of the United States governing the official records of Presidents and Vice Presidents created or received after January 20, 1981, and mandating the preservation of all presidential records... |
2001-11-01 | 66 FR 56025 | 2001-11-05 |
| 13234 | Presidential Task Force on Citizen Preparedness in the War on Terrorism | 2001-11-09 | 66 FR 57355 | 2001-11-15 |
| 13235 | National Emergency Construction Authority | 2001-11-16 | 66 FR 58343 | 2001-11-20 |
| 13236 | Waiver of Dual Compensation Provisions of the Central Intelligence Agency Retirement Act of 1964 | 2001-11-27 | 66 FR 59671 | 2001-11-29 |
| 13237 | Creation of the President's Council on Bioethics | 2001-11-28 | 66 FR 59851 | 2001-11-30 |
| 13238 | Closing of Federal Government Executive Departments and Agencies on Monday, December 24, 2001 | 2001-12-05 | 66 FR 63903 | 2001-12-10 |
| 13239 | Designation of Afghanistan and the Airspace Above as a Combat Zone | 2001-12-12 | 66 FR 64907 | 2001-12-14 |
| 13240 | Council of Europe in Respect of the Group of States Against Corruption | 2001-12-18 | 66 FR 64907 | |
| 13278 | President's Commission Presidential Commission (United States) In the United States, a Presidential Commission is a special task force ordained by the President to complete some special research or investigation... on the United States Postal Service United States Postal Service The United States Postal Service is an independent agency of the United States government responsible for providing postal service in the United States... |
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| 13292 | Further amendment to Executive Order 12958, as amended, classified national security National security National security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the state through the use of economic, diplomacy, power projection and political power. The concept developed mostly in the United States of America after World War II... information |
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| 13303 Executive Order 13303 Executive Order 13303 was issued on May 22, 2003 by United States President George W. Bush to protect the Development Fund for Iraq for the rebuilding of Iraq from any legal attachments or liens. Further, it protects Iraqi oil products and interests and ownership by US persons from attachment as... |
Protecting the Development Fund for Iraq Development Fund for Iraq In May 2003, following the invasion of Iraq in March of that year, the Central Bank of Iraq-Development Fund for Iraq account was created at the U.S. Federal Reserve Bank of New York at the request of the Coalition Provisional Authority Administrator... and certain other property in which Iraq has an interest |
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| 13326 | President's Commission Presidential Commission (United States) In the United States, a Presidential Commission is a special task force ordained by the President to complete some special research or investigation... on implementation of United States space exploration Space exploration Space exploration is the use of space technology to explore outer space. Physical exploration of space is conducted both by human spaceflights and by robotic spacecraft.... policy |
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| 13355 Executive Order 13355 Executive Order 13355 is a United States Presidential Executive Order signed on August 27, 2004, by President George W. Bush.Its goal was "Strengthened Management of the Intelligence Community".... |
Strengthened Management of the Intelligence Community | 2004-08-27 | ||
| 13356 Executive Order 13356 Executive Order 13356 is a United States Presidential Executive Order signed on August 27, 2004, by President George W. Bush.Its goal was "Strengthening the Sharing of Terrorism Information To Protect Americans".... |
Strengthening the Sharing of Terrorism Information To Protect Americans | 2004-08-27 | ||
| 13388 Executive Order 13388 President George W. Bush signed Executive Order 13388 on October 25, 2005. Its title is "Further Strengthening the Sharing of Terrorism Information To Protect Americans."... |
Further strengthening the sharing of terrorism Terrorism Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition... Information Information Information in its most restricted technical sense is a message or collection of messages that consists of an ordered sequence of symbols, or it is the meaning that can be interpreted from such a message or collection of messages. Information can be recorded or transmitted. It can be recorded as... to protect Americans |
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| 13390 | Establishment of a Coordinator of Federal Support for the Recovery and Rebuilding of the Gulf Coast Region | |||
| 13395 | Designating the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria as a public international organization entitled to enjoy certain privileges, exemptions, and immunities | |||
| 13396 | Blocking property of certain persons contributing to the conflict in Côte d'Ivoire Côte d'Ivoire The Republic of Côte d'Ivoire or Ivory Coast is a country in West Africa. It has an area of , and borders the countries Liberia, Guinea, Mali, Burkina Faso and Ghana; its southern boundary is along the Gulf of Guinea. The country's population was 15,366,672 in 1998 and was estimated to be... |
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| 13397 Executive Order 13397 Executive Order 13397, signed by President George W. Bush on March 7, 2006, concerns the "Responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security with Respect to Faith-Based and Community Initiatives"... |
Responsibilities of the Department of Homeland Security with respect to faith-based and community initiatives | |||
| 13398 | National Mathematics Advisory Panel | |||
| 13406 | Limits the Federal Government's use of eminent domain Eminent domain Eminent domain , compulsory purchase , resumption/compulsory acquisition , or expropriation is an action of the state to seize a citizen's private property, expropriate property, or seize a citizen's rights in property with due monetary compensation, but without the owner's consent... to situations in which the seizure is for public use, with just compensation, and is intended to benefit the general public, excluding certain specific instances |
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| 13435 | Expanding Approved Stem Cell Lines in Ethically Responsible Ways | 2007-06-20 | 72 FR 3112 | 2007-06-22 |
| 13438 | Blocking Property of Certain Persons Who Threaten Stabilization Efforts in Iraq | |||
| 13483 | Adjustments of Certain Rates of Pay | |||
| 13484 | Amending the Order of Succession Within the Department of Agriculture | |||
| 13485 | Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Transportation | |||
| 13486 | Strengthening Laboratory Biosecurity in the United States | |||
| Presidential Directive Presidential directive Presidential Directives, better known as Presidential Decision Directives or PDD are a form of an executive order issued by the President of the United States with the advice and consent of the National Security Council... s are often classified and are not numbered among executive orders. |
National Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directive National Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directive The National Security and Homeland Security Presidential Directive , created and signed by United States President George W... : address continuity of government in the event of a "catastrophic emergency" disrupting the U.S. population, economy, environment, infrastructure and government policy. |
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Barack Obama (2009-present)
| No. | Title/Description | Date signed |
|---|---|---|
| 13489 | Presidential Records | 2009-01-21 |
| 13490 | Ethics Commitments by Executive Branch Personnel | 2009-01-21 |
| 13491 | Ensuring Lawful Interrogations | 2009-01-22 |
| 13492 | Review and Disposition of Individuals Detained at the Guantanamo Bay Naval Base and Closure of Detention Facilities | 2009-01-22 |
| 13493 | Review of Detention Policy Options | 2009-01-22 |
| 13494 | Economy in Government Contracting | 2009-01-30 |
| 13495 | Nondisplacement of Qualified Workers Under Service Contracts | 2009-01-30 |
| 13496 | Notification of Employee Rights Under Federal Labor Laws (Repealed Executive Order 13201 | 2009-01-30 |
| 13497 | Revocation of Certain Executive Orders Concerning Regulatory Planning and Review | 2009-02-05 |
| 13498 | Amendments to Executive Order 13199 and Establishment of the President's Advisory Council for Faith-Based and Neighborhood Partnerships | 2009-02-06 |
| 13499 | Further Amendments to Executive Order 12835, Establishment of the National Economic Council | 2009-02-05 |
| 13500 | Further Amendments to Executive Order 12859, Establishment of the Domestic Policy Council | 2009-02-05 |
| 13501 | Establishing the President's Economic Recovery Advisory Board | 2009-02-06 |
| 13502 | Use of Project Labor Agreements for Federal Construction Projects | 2009-02-06 |
| 13503 | Establishment of the White House Office of Urban Affairs | 2009-02-19 |
| 13504 | Amending Executive Order 13390 | 2009-02-19 |
| 13505 | Removing Barriers to Responsible Scientific Research Involving Human Stem Cells | 2009-03-09 |
| 13506 | Establishing a White House Council on Women and Girls | 2009-03-11 |
| 13507 | Establishment of the White House Office of Health Reform | 2009-04-08 |
| 13508 | Chesapeake Bay Protection and Restoration | 2009-05-12 |
| 13509 | Establishing a White House Council on Automotive Communities and Workers | 2009-06-23 |
| 13514 | Federal Leadership in Environmental, Energy, and Economic Performance | 2009-10-05 |
| 13524 | Amending Executive Order 12425 Designating Interpol as a Public International Organization Entitled to Enjoy Certain Privileges, Exemptions, and Immunities | 2009-12-17 |
| 13528 | Establishment of the Council of Governors. | 2010-01-11 |
| 13535 | Ensuring Enforcement and Implementation of Abortion Restrictions in the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act is a United States federal statute signed into law by President Barack Obama on March 23, 2010. The law is the principal health care reform legislation of the 111th United States Congress... |
2010-03-23 |
| 13543 | National Commission on the BP Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill and Offshore Drilling | 2010-05-21 |
| 13544 | Establishing the National Prevention, Health Promotion, and Public Health Council | 2010-06-10 |
| 13545 | President's Council on Fitness, Sports, and Nutrition | 2010-06-22 |
| 13546 | Optimizing the Security of Biological Select Agents and Toxins in the United States | 2010-07-02 |
| 13547 | Stewardship of the Ocean, Our Coasts, and the Great Lakes | 2010-07-19 |
| 13548 | Increasing Federal Employment of Individuals With Disabilities | 2010-07-26 |
| 13549 | Classified National Security Information Program for State, Local, Tribal, and Private Sector Entities | 2010-08-18 |
| 13550 | Establishment of Pakistan and Afghanistan Support Office | 2010-08-18 |
| 13551 | Blocking Property of Certain Persons With Respect to North Korea | 2010-08-30 |
| 13552 | 2010 Amendments to the Manual for Courts-Martial, United States | 2010-08-31 |
| 13553 | Blocking Property of Certain Persons With Respect to Serious Human Rights Abuses by the Government of Iran and Taking Certain Other Actions | 2010-09-28 |
| 13554 | Establishing the Gulf Coast Ecosystem Restoration Task Force | 2010-10-05 |
| 13555 | White House Initiative on Educational Excellence for Hispanics | 2010-10-19 |
| 13556 | Controlled Unclassified Information | 2010-11-04 |
| 13557 | Providing an Order of Succession Within the Department of Justice | 2010-11-04 |
| 13558 | Export Enforcement Coordination Center | 2010-11-09 |
| 13559 | Fundamental Principles and Policymaking Criteria for Partnerships With Faith-Based and Other Neighborhood Organizations | 2010-11-17 |
| 13560 | White House Council for Community Solutions | 2010-12-14 |
| 13561 | Adjustments to Certain Rates of Pay | 2010-12-22 |
| 13562 | Recruiting and Hiring Students and Recent Graduates | 2010-12-27 |
See also
- List of sources of law in the United States
- List of United States federal legislation
- National Security Directive
External links
National Archives and Records Administration:- Executive Orders
- Disposition Tables of Executive Orders
- Codification of Executive Orders
- About Executive Orders
- A list of Executive Orders related to national security, and their texts, can be found at: