The following is a refined listing of Levantive archeological

Archaeology

Archaeology, or archeology , is the study of human society, primarily through the recovery and analysis of the material culture and environmental data that they have left behind, which includes artifacts, architecture, biofacts and cultural landscapes...

 periods, expanded from the basic three-age system

Three-age system

The three-age system in archaeology and physical anthropology is the periodization of human prehistory into three consecutive time periods, named for their respective tool-making technologies:* The Stone Age* The Bronze Age* The Iron Age-Origin:...

 with finer subdivisions and extension into the modern historical

History

History is the discovery, collection, organization, and presentation of information about past events. History can also mean the period of time after writing was invented. Scholars who write about history are called historians...

 period. The particular dates selected as the boundary between ages, as well as the period names for the historical era, are specific to Levant

Levant

The Levant or ) is the geographic region and culture zone of the "eastern Mediterranean littoral between Anatolia and Egypt" . The Levant includes most of modern Lebanon, Syria, Jordan, Israel, the Palestinian territories, and sometimes parts of Turkey and Iraq, and corresponds roughly to the...

ine archaeology and therefore are most accurate in that context. Beginning and ending dates of prehistoric ages are based on the introduction and prevalence of certain technologies, which varied from culture to culture (note: "BP" = "Before Present

Before Present

Before Present years is a time scale used in archaeology, geology, and other scientific disciplines to specify when events in the past occurred. Because the "present" time changes, standard practice is to use AD 1950 as the origin of the age scale, reflecting the fact that radiocarbon...

"); similarly, historical eras are named after cultures in whose sphere of influence

Sphere of influence

In the field of international relations, a sphere of influence is a spatial region or conceptual division over which a state or organization has significant cultural, economic, military or political influence....

 the Levant was included. However, archaeologists studying other regions have sometimes found it useful to apply the same or similar eras to their fields of research (particularly prehistoric eras), and thus this list represents the most common interpretation of broad archaeological periods.

Stone Age Stone Age The Stone Age is a broad prehistoric period, lasting about 2.5 million years , during which humans and their predecessor species in the genus Homo, as well as the earlier partly contemporary genera Australopithecus and Paranthropus, widely used exclusively stone as their hard material in the... (2,000,000 BP – 3300 BCE)	Paleolithic Paleolithic The Paleolithic Age, Era or Period, is a prehistoric period of human history distinguished by the development of the most primitive stone tools discovered , and covers roughly 99% of human technological prehistory...   (2,000,000 BP – 8300 BCE)	Lower Paleolithic Lower Paleolithic The Lower Paleolithic is the earliest subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age. It spans the time from around 2.5 million years ago when the first evidence of craft and use of stone tools by hominids appears in the current archaeological record, until around 300,000 years ago, spanning the...	2,000,000 BP – 300,000 BP
		Middle Paleolithic Middle Paleolithic The Middle Paleolithic is the second subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. The term Middle Stone Age is used as an equivalent or a synonym for the Middle Paleolithic in African archeology. The Middle Paleolithic and the Middle Stone Age...	300,000 BP – 30,000 BP
		Upper Paleolithic Upper Paleolithic The Upper Paleolithic is the third and last subdivision of the Paleolithic or Old Stone Age as it is understood in Europe, Africa and Asia. Very broadly it dates to between 40,000 and 10,000 years ago, roughly coinciding with the appearance of behavioral modernity and before the advent of...	30,000 BP – 12,000 BP
		Epipaleolithic Epipaleolithic The Epipaleolithic Age was a period in the development of human technology marked by more advanced stone blades and other tools than the earlier Paleolithic age, although still before the development of agriculture in the Neolithic age...	12,000 BP – 8300 BCE
	Neolithic Neolithic The Neolithic Age, Era, or Period, or New Stone Age, was a period in the development of human technology, beginning about 9500 BC in some parts of the Middle East, and later in other parts of the world. It is traditionally considered as the last part of the Stone Age...   (8300 BCE – 4500 BCE)	Pre-pottery Neolithic Pre-Pottery Neolithic The Pre-Pottery Neolithic represents the early Neolithic in the Levantine and upper Mesopotamian region of the Fertile Crescent. It succeeds the Natufian culture of the Epipaleolithic as the domestication of plants and animals was in its beginnings and triggered by the Younger Dryas...	8300 BCE – 5500 BCE
		Pottery Neolithic	5500 BCE – 4500 BCE
	Chalcolithic  (4500 BCE – 3300 BCE)	Early Chalcolithic	4500 BCE – 4000 BCE
		Late Chalcolithic (Ghassulian Ghassulian Ghassulian refers to a culture and an archaeological stage dating to the Middle Chalcolithic Period in the Southern Levant... )	4000 BCE – 3300 BCE
Bronze Age Bronze Age The Bronze Age is a period characterized by the use of copper and its alloy bronze as the chief hard materials in the manufacture of some implements and weapons. Chronologically, it stands between the Stone Age and Iron Age... (3300 BCE – 1200 BCE)	Early Bronze Age  (3300 BCE – 2000 BCE)	Early Bronze Age I	3300 BCE – 3000 BCE
		Early Bronze Age II	3000 BCE – 2700 BCE
		Early Bronze Age III	2700 BCE – 2200 BCE
		Early Bronze Age IV	2200 BCE – 2000 BCE
	Middle Bronze Age  (2000 BCE – 1550 BCE)	Middle Bronze Age I	2000 BCE – 1750 BCE
		Middle Bronze Age II	1750 BCE – 1650 BCE
		Middle Bronze Age III	1650 BCE – 1550 BCE
	Late Bronze Age  (1550 BCE – 1200 BCE)	Late Bronze Age I	1550 BCE – 1400 BCE
		Late Bronze Age II A	1400 BCE – 1300 BCE
		Late Bronze Age II B Bronze Age collapse The Bronze Age collapse is a transition in southwestern Asia and the Eastern Mediterranean from the Late Bronze Age to the Early Iron Age that some historians believe was violent, sudden and culturally disruptive...	1300 BCE – 1200 BCE
Iron Age Iron Age The Iron Age is the archaeological period generally occurring after the Bronze Age, marked by the prevalent use of iron. The early period of the age is characterized by the widespread use of iron or steel. The adoption of such material coincided with other changes in society, including differing... (1200 BCE – 586 BCE)	Iron Age I  (1200 BCE – 1000 BCE)	Iron Age I A	1200 BCE – 1150 BCE
		Iron Age I B	1150 BCE – 1000 BCE
	Iron Age II  (1000 BCE – 586 BCE)	Iron Age II A	1000 BCE – 900 BCE
		Iron Age II B	900 BCE – 700 BCE
		Iron Age II C	700 BCE – 586 BCE
Historical periods (586 BCE – present)	Babylon Babylon Babylon was an Akkadian city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad... ian and Persian periods		586 BCE – 332 BCE
	Hellenistic Hellenistic Greece In the context of Ancient Greek art, architecture, and culture, Hellenistic Greece corresponds to the period between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the annexation of the classical Greek heartlands by Rome in 146 BC...  period (332 BCE – 37 BCE)	Early Hellenistic	332 BCE – 167 BCE
		Late Hellenistic	167 BCE – 37 BCE
	Roman Ancient Rome Ancient Rome was a thriving civilization that grew on the Italian Peninsula as early as the 8th century BC. Located along the Mediterranean Sea and centered on the city of Rome, it expanded to one of the largest empires in the ancient world....  period (37 BCE – 324 CE)	Early Roman	37 BCE – 132 CE
		Late Roman	132 CE – 324
	Byzantine Byzantine Empire The Byzantine Empire was the Eastern Roman Empire during the periods of Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages, centred on the capital of Constantinople. Known simply as the Roman Empire or Romania to its inhabitants and neighbours, the Empire was the direct continuation of the Ancient Roman State...  period		324 – 638
	Early Arab Arab Arab people, also known as Arabs , are a panethnicity primarily living in the Arab world, which is located in Western Asia and North Africa. They are identified as such on one or more of genealogical, linguistic, or cultural grounds, with tribal affiliations, and intra-tribal relationships playing...  period (Umayyad Umayyad The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the...  and Abbasid Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate or, more simply, the Abbasids , was the third of the Islamic caliphates. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate from all but the al-Andalus region.... )		638 – 1099
	Crusader Crusades The Crusades were a series of religious wars, blessed by the Pope and the Catholic Church with the main goal of restoring Christian access to the holy places in and near Jerusalem...  and Ayyubid periods		1099 – 1291
	Late Arab period (Fatimid Fatimid The Fatimid Islamic Caliphate or al-Fāṭimiyyūn was a Berber Shia Muslim caliphate first centered in Tunisia and later in Egypt that ruled over varying areas of the Maghreb, Sudan, Sicily, the Levant, and Hijaz from 5 January 909 to 1171.The caliphate was ruled by the Fatimids, who established the...  and Mamluk Mamluk A Mamluk was a soldier of slave origin, who were predominantly Cumans/Kipchaks The "mamluk phenomenon", as David Ayalon dubbed the creation of the specific warrior... )		1291 – 1516
	Ottoman Ottoman Empire The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries... period		1516 – 1917
	Modern period		1917 – current