List of conflicts in Hawaii
Encyclopedia
This is a list of war
s, bloodless war
s, battle
s, conspiracies
, rebellion
s, revolution
s, nonviolent revolution
s, massacres, and terrorist attacks
in the Hawaiian Islands
.
Unification of Hawaiʻi (1782–1810)
united the islands under his rule, establishing the Kingdom of Hawaii
. He survived 9 year after the annexation of Kauaʻi and Niʻihau
islands from Kaumualii
, the last of the eight main Hawaiian Islands.
Hawaiian Revolutions
between the end of the monarchy and the annexation of Hawaii.
as a de facto
government.
Hawaiian Revolutions
(1887–1895) (continued)
ratifies the Newlands Resolution
, a joint resolution that annexes Hawaii to the United States. The Hawaiian Organic Act
converted the government of the Republic into the government under the United States. The members of the Missionary Party continued to grow the sugar industry and imported labor from Japan
, the Philippines, Korea
and other Asian countries as well as Puerto Rican
and Portuguese immigrants to work on their sugar plantations
.
Hanapepe massacre
(1924)
Hilo Massacre
(1938)
World War II
(1939–1945)
Democratic Revolution of 1954
(1946–1958)
the leader of the revolutionary movement successfully lobbies the US Congress to admit Hawaii as a state
creating the State of Hawaii.
Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement
(1969?-present) continued
War
War is a state of organized, armed, and often prolonged conflict carried on between states, nations, or other parties typified by extreme aggression, social disruption, and usually high mortality. War should be understood as an actual, intentional and widespread armed conflict between political...
s, bloodless war
Bloodless war
A bloodless war is generally a small conflict, crisis, or dispute between rival groups that is resolved without death or injury, although the threat of violence usually seems very likely at the time. Typically, these events are recorded in history as wars even though the term "war" generally...
s, battle
Battle
Generally, a battle is a conceptual component in the hierarchy of combat in warfare between two or more armed forces, or combatants. In a battle, each combatant will seek to defeat the others, with defeat determined by the conditions of a military campaign...
s, conspiracies
Conspiracy (political)
In a political sense, conspiracy refers to a group of persons united in the goal of usurping or overthrowing an established political power. Typically, the final goal is to gain power through a revolutionary coup d'état or through assassination....
, rebellion
Rebellion
Rebellion, uprising or insurrection, is a refusal of obedience or order. It may, therefore, be seen as encompassing a range of behaviors aimed at destroying or replacing an established authority such as a government or a head of state...
s, revolution
Revolution
A revolution is a fundamental change in power or organizational structures that takes place in a relatively short period of time.Aristotle described two types of political revolution:...
s, nonviolent revolution
Nonviolent revolution
A nonviolent revolution is a revolution using mostly campaigns of civil resistance, including various forms of nonviolent protest, to bring about the departure of governments seen as entrenched and authoritarian...
s, massacres, and terrorist attacks
Terrorism
Terrorism is the systematic use of terror, especially as a means of coercion. In the international community, however, terrorism has no universally agreed, legally binding, criminal law definition...
in the Hawaiian Islands
Hawaiian Islands
The Hawaiian Islands are an archipelago of eight major islands, several atolls, numerous smaller islets, and undersea seamounts in the North Pacific Ocean, extending some 1,500 miles from the island of Hawaii in the south to northernmost Kure Atoll...
.
Ancient Warfare
There were many ancient Hawaiian battles and wars through 1782, some of which might be mythical.Oahu
- Naval skimish between King KumuhonuaKumuhonuaKumuhonua was 1st Alii Aimoku of Oahu. During his reign Oahu was divided among the sons of Maweke, a legendary figure thought to have colonized the northern islands of Oahu, Kauai and Niihau. He was the grandson of Maweke and son of Mulielealii....
of Oahu and his brothers over land successions. (11th century) - First Oahuan Revolution/ Battle of Lihue Fotress. (13/14th century)
- Conflicts under MailikukahiMailikukahiMailikukahi was the eighth Alii Aimoku of Oahu. He reigned as the titular chieftain or king of the island of Oahu and all its territories it may of claim at the time. He was Oahu's first true great king, and his successor, one after another were as great as the next, excepting Kuamanuia. "The...
. (13/14th century)- Battle of WaikakalauaWaipio, HawaiiWaipio is a census-designated place located in the Ewa District of the Island of Oahu in the City & County of Honolulu. In Hawaiian, wai pio means "curved water". As of the 2000 census, the CDP had a total population of 11,672.The U.S...
. (14th century) - First Mauian Invasion of Oahu. (14th century)
- Battle of Waikakalaua
- The War of the Oahuan Succession. (15th century)
- Second Oahuan Revolution/Battle between Lelepaua and Kapuaikaula. (15th century)
- Ambush of Waikiki. (15th century)
- Waialua and Koolauloa's wars. (15th century)
- Conflicts under KualiiKualiiKūalii Kunuiakea Kuikealaikauaokalani, the 19th Alii Aimoku of Oahu and 20th Alii Aimoku of Kauai. He ruled as titular King or chief of Oahu and of Kauai. Kūalii is remembered for his famous kanawai, Law of Ni'aupi'o Kolowalu, which required farmers and fishermen to welcome and feed hungry strangers...
. (17th century)- Battle of Kawaluna. (17th century)
- Raid of Hilo. (17th century)
- Battle of Moomomi. (17th century)
- First Oahuan Invasion of Molokai. (after 1730)
- Battle of Kawela. (around 1737)
- Second Oahuan Invasion of Molokai. (after 1740)
- Alapainui's Invasion of Oahu. (around 1738)
- Third Oahuan Revolution. (around 1773)
- Conflicts under KahahanaKahahanaKahahana was the 22nd Alii Aimoku of Oahu and Alii Aimoku of Molokai. He ruled the island of Oahu and its tributary, the island of Molokai, from 1773 until his death in 1783. He was elected by the Oahu nobility to succeed Kumahana as Moi of Oahu. This was the second king to be elected to succeed...
. (18th century)- some battle on the Big Island. (18th century)
- Second Mauian Invasion of Oahu. (around late 1782 or early 1783)
- Battle of Seven Warriors (around 1782)
- Battle of Kaheiki Stream (January 1783)
- The Waipi‘o-Kimopo (1783/4/5)
Unification of Hawaiʻi (1782–1810)
- Battle of Moku'ohaiBattle of Moku'ohaiThe Battle of Mokuōhai, fought in 1782 on the island of Hawaii, was a key battle in the early days of Kamehameha I's wars to conquer the Hawaiian Islands...
(1782) - Olowalu Massacre (1790)
- Battle of KepaniwaiBattle of KepaniwaiThe Battle of Kepaniwai was fought in 1790 between Hawaii Island and Maui. The forces of Hawaii were led by Kamehameha I, while the forces of Maui were led by Kalanikūpule...
(1790) - East Hawaiʻi Battles of 17901790 FootprintsThe 1790 Footprints refer to a set of footprints found near the Kīlauea volcano in present-day Hawaii Volcanoes National Park on the island of Hawaii...
(1790) - Battle of Kawaihae (1791)
- Battle of Nu'uanuBattle of Nu'uanuThe Battle of Nuuanu , fought in May 1795 on the southern part of the island of Oahu, was a key battle in the final days of King Kamehameha I's wars to unify the Hawaiian Islands...
(1795)
Kingdom of Hawaii
King Kamehameha IKamehameha I
Kamehameha I , also known as Kamehameha the Great, conquered the Hawaiian Islands and formally established the Kingdom of Hawaii in 1810. By developing alliances with the major Pacific colonial powers, Kamehameha preserved Hawaii's independence under his rule...
united the islands under his rule, establishing the Kingdom of Hawaii
Kingdom of Hawaii
The Kingdom of Hawaii was established during the years 1795 to 1810 with the subjugation of the smaller independent chiefdoms of Oahu, Maui, Molokai, Lānai, Kauai and Niihau by the chiefdom of Hawaii into one unified government...
. He survived 9 year after the annexation of Kauaʻi and Niʻihau
Niihau
Niihau or Niihau is the seventh largest of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii, having an area of . Niihau lies southwest of Kauai across the Kaulakahi Channel. Several intermittent playa lakes provide wetland habitats for the Hawaiian Coot, the Black-winged Stilt, and the...
islands from Kaumualii
Kaumualii
Kaumualii was the last independent Alii Aimoku of Kauai and Niihau before becoming a vassal of Kamehameha I of the unified Kingdom of Hawaii in 1810...
, the last of the eight main Hawaiian Islands.
- Battle of Kuamoo (1819)
- Kekuaokalani, nephew of Kamehameha I, killed during his rebellion against Liholiho.
- HumehumeHumehumeHumehume , known by many different names during his time, such as George Prince, George Prince Kaumualii, Tamoree or Kumoree by American writers, was a son of the king of part of the Hawaiian Islands. He traveled widely, served in the U.S...
rebellion (1824)
- Humehume
- Son of Kaumualii failed to take back Kauaʻi island.
- French IncidentFrench Incident (Hawaii)The French Incident or the Laplace Affair was a military intervention by the Kingdom of the French to end the persecution of Catholics by the Kingdom of Hawaii, which had been promoted by Protestant ministers in Hawaii...
(1839)
- French Incident
- Military intervention by Captain Laplace of the French Navy to end religious persecution promoted by protestant missionariesAmerican Board of Commissioners for Foreign MissionsThe American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions was the first American Christian foreign mission agency. It was proposed in 1810 by recent graduates of Williams College and officially chartered in 1812. In 1961 it merged with other societies to form the United Church Board for World...
in Hawaii.- Paulet Affair (1843)Paulet Affair (1843)The Paulet Affair was a five month occupation of the Hawaiian Islands in 1843 by British naval officer Captain Lord George Paulet, of .-Paulet affair:...
- Paulet Affair (1843)
- Rogue Captain George PauletLord George PauletAdmiral Lord George Paulet CB was a officer of the Royal Navy.He entered the navy shortly after the end of the Napoleonic Wars and after some years obtained his own command. He served off the Iberian Peninsula during the Portuguese Liberal Wars and the Spanish First Carlist War, protecting British...
of the forced Kamehameha IIIKamehameha IIIKamehameha III was the King of Hawaii from 1825 to 1854. His full Hawaiian name was Keaweaweula Kiwalao Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa and then lengthened to Keaweaweula Kiwalao Kauikeaouli Kaleiopapa Kalani Waiakua Kalanikau Iokikilo Kiwalao i ke kapu Kamehameha when he ascended the throne.Under his...
to cede Hawaii to the United KingdomUnited KingdomThe United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern IrelandIn the United Kingdom and Dependencies, other languages have been officially recognised as legitimate autochthonous languages under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages...
; Admiral Richard Darton ThomasRichard Darton ThomasAdmiral Richard Darton Thomas was a Royal Navy officer who went on to be Commander-in-Chief, Pacific Station.-Naval career:...
restored the Kingdom.- French Invasion of HonoluluFrench Invasion of HonoluluThe French Invasion of Honolulu was an attack on Honolulu by Louis Tromelin for the persecution of Catholics and repression on French trade.-Prelude:...
(1849)
- French Invasion of Honolulu
- Captain Louis TromelinLouis TromelinLouis-François-Marie-Nicolas Le Goarant de Tromelin was a nineteenth-century French Naval captain, sent to the Pacific Ocean on political and military missions, and credited with the discovery of Phoenix Island in the Phoenix group and Fais Island in the Carolines...
attempted to reduce trade limits on French imports and end remaining persecution of Roman Catholics. The invasion resulted in $100,000 of damages in failure to meet the demands.- [[ʻIolani Barracks#1873 Barracks Revolt|1873 Barracks Revolt]] (1873)
- Members of the Hawaiian Army rebel against their officers and seize ʻIolani Barracks. The mutineers end the revolt after agreeing to an offer of full amnesty for their actions.
Hawaiian RevolutionsHawaiian RevolutionsThe Hawaiian Rebellions and Revolutions took place in Hawaii between 1887 and 1895. Until annexation in 1898, Hawaii was an independent sovereign state, recognized by the United States, United Kingdom, France and Germany with exchange of ambassadors...
(1887–1895)
- 1887 Rebellion1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of HawaiiThe 1887 Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii was a legal document by anti-monarchists to strip the Hawaiian monarchy of much of its authority, initiating a transfer of power to American, European and native Hawaiian elites...
(1887)
- Descendents of protestant missionaries known as the Missionary Party force King KalākauaKalakauaKalākaua, born David Laamea Kamanakapuu Mahinulani Nalaiaehuokalani Lumialani Kalākaua and sometimes called The Merrie Monarch , was the last reigning king of the Kingdom of Hawaii...
to ratify Bayonet Constitution under threat of assassination.- Dominis Conspiracy
- Princess Liliuokalani plotted to overthrow King David Kalākaua in a military Coup d'étatCoup d'étatA coup d'état state, literally: strike/blow of state)—also known as a coup, putsch, and overthrow—is the sudden, extrajudicial deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the deposed government with another body; either...
, but the plot was exposed.- Wilcox Rebellion of 1889Wilcox Rebellion of 1889The Wilcox Rebellion of 1889 was a revolt led by Robert Wilcox to force King Kalākaua of Hawaii to reenact the Hawaiian Constitution of 1864 from the Constitution of 1887.-Liberal Patriotic Association:...
(1889)
- Wilcox Rebellion of 1889
- Duke Robert William WilcoxRobert William WilcoxRobert William Kalanihiapo Wilcox , nicknamed the Iron Duke of Hawaii, was a native Hawaiian revolutionary soldier and politician. He led uprisings against both the government of the Kingdom of Hawaii under King Kalākaua and the Republic of Hawaii under Sanford Dole, what are now known as the...
fails to annul Bayonet Constitution and restore the prior Constitution- Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom (1893)
- Members of the Missionary Party in the Legislature overthrow the monarchy.
Provisional Government of Hawaii
Following the overthrow of the Kingdom, the Missionary Party established a transitional government known as the Provisional Government of HawaiiProvisional Government of Hawaii
The Provisional Government of Hawaii abbreviated "P.G." was proclaimed on January 17, 1893 by the 13 member Committee of Safety under the leadership of Sanford B. Dole...
between the end of the monarchy and the annexation of Hawaii.
- Leper War on Kauaʻi (1893)
- Leprosy colony on Kauaʻi rebels against forced relocation to Kalaupapa peninsulaKalaupapa, HawaiiKalaupapa is a small unincorporated community on the island of Molokai in the U.S. state of Hawaii, within Kalawao County.The village is located on the Kalaupapa peninsula at the base of the highest sea cliffs in the world, dropping about into the Pacific Ocean.- Volcanic origin :Kalaupapa...
.- Black WeekBlack Week (Hawaii)The Black Week was a crisis in Honolulu, Hawaii that nearly caused a war between the Provisional Government there and United States.-Background:President Grover Cleveland of the United States denounced the Overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom...
(1893–1894)
- Black Week
- President Grover ClevelandGrover ClevelandStephen Grover Cleveland was the 22nd and 24th president of the United States. Cleveland is the only president to serve two non-consecutive terms and therefore is the only individual to be counted twice in the numbering of the presidents...
threatened revolutionists after the overthrow with a military intervention by the United StatesUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
to restore the Kingdom of Hawaii, the intended intervention was rejected by CongressUnited States CongressThe United States Congress is the bicameral legislature of the federal government of the United States, consisting of the Senate and the House of Representatives. The Congress meets in the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C....
.
Republic of Hawaii
After hostilities toward the Provisional Government and increasing pressure for the queen’s return, the legislature forms the Republic of HawaiiRepublic of Hawaii
The Republic of Hawaii was the formal name of the government that controlled Hawaii from 1894 to 1898 when it was run as a republic. The republic period occurred between the administration of the Provisional Government of Hawaii which ended on July 4, 1894 and the adoption of the Newlands...
as a de facto
De facto
De facto is a Latin expression that means "concerning fact." In law, it often means "in practice but not necessarily ordained by law" or "in practice or actuality, but not officially established." It is commonly used in contrast to de jure when referring to matters of law, governance, or...
government.
Hawaiian Revolutions
Hawaiian Revolutions
The Hawaiian Rebellions and Revolutions took place in Hawaii between 1887 and 1895. Until annexation in 1898, Hawaii was an independent sovereign state, recognized by the United States, United Kingdom, France and Germany with exchange of ambassadors...
(1887–1895) (continued)
- 1895 Counter-Revolution1895 Counter-Revolution in HawaiiThe 1895 Counter-revolution in Hawaii was a brief war from January 6 to January 9, 1895, that consisted of three battles on the island of Oahu, Hawaii...
(1895)
- Colonel Samuel Nowlein former commander of the Royal Guard attempted to restore the monarchy in a failed counter-revolution.
- Battle of Diamond Head (1895)
- Battle of Mo'ili'ili1895 Counter-Revolution in HawaiiThe 1895 Counter-revolution in Hawaii was a brief war from January 6 to January 9, 1895, that consisted of three battles on the island of Oahu, Hawaii...
(1895) - Battle of Mānoa1895 Counter-Revolution in HawaiiThe 1895 Counter-revolution in Hawaii was a brief war from January 6 to January 9, 1895, that consisted of three battles on the island of Oahu, Hawaii...
(1895)
Territory of Hawaii
William McKinleyWilliam McKinley
William McKinley, Jr. was the 25th President of the United States . He is best known for winning fiercely fought elections, while supporting the gold standard and high tariffs; he succeeded in forging a Republican coalition that for the most part dominated national politics until the 1930s...
ratifies the Newlands Resolution
Newlands Resolution
The Newlands Resolution, was a joint resolution written by and named after United States Congressman Francis G. Newlands. It was an Act of Congress to annex the Republic of Hawaii and create the Territory of Hawaii....
, a joint resolution that annexes Hawaii to the United States. The Hawaiian Organic Act
Hawaiian Organic Act
The Hawaiian Organic Act of April 30, 1900 was a United States federal law enacted to provide a government for the territory of Hawaii.-Background:...
converted the government of the Republic into the government under the United States. The members of the Missionary Party continued to grow the sugar industry and imported labor from Japan
Japanese in Hawaii
The Japanese in Hawaii simply Japanese or “Local Japanese”, rarely Kepanī are the second largest ethnic group in Hawaii. At their height in 1920, they constituted 43% of Hawaii's population. They now number about 16.7% of the islands' population, according to the 2000 U.S...
, the Philippines, Korea
Korean immigration to Hawaii
Koreans in Hawaii came in two distinct waves have occurred in the last century. The first cohort arrived in Hawaii between 1903 and 1924; the second wave began in 1965. On January 13, 2003, President George W...
and other Asian countries as well as Puerto Rican
Puerto Rican immigration to Hawaii
Puerto Rican immigration to Hawaii began when Puerto Rico's sugar industry was devastated by two hurricanes in 1899. The devastation caused a world wide shortage in sugar and a huge demand for the product from Hawaii...
and Portuguese immigrants to work on their sugar plantations
Sugar plantations in Hawaii
Sugarcane was introduced to Hawaii by its first inhabitants in approximately 600 AD and was observed by Captain Cook upon arrival in the islands in 1778. Sugar quickly turned into a big business and generated rapid population growth in the islands with 337,000 people immigrating over the span of a...
.
- World War IWorld War IWorld War I , which was predominantly called the World War or the Great War from its occurrence until 1939, and the First World War or World War I thereafter, was a major war centred in Europe that began on 28 July 1914 and lasted until 11 November 1918...
(1914–1918)
- 8 German ships sought refuge in Honolulu HarborHonolulu HarborHonolulu Harbor, also called Kulolia and Ke Awa O Kou, is the principal seaport of Honolulu and the State of Hawaii in the United States. It is from Honolulu Harbor, located on Mamala Bay, that the City & County of Honolulu was developed and urbanized, in an outward fashion, over the course of the...
; some were captured.
Hanapepe massacre
Hanapepe Massacre
The Hanapēpē Massacre happened on September 9, 1924. Toward the end of a long-lasting strike of Filipino sugar workers on Kauai, Hawaii, local police shot dead nine strikers and fatally wounded seven, strikers shot and stabbed three sheriffs to death and fatally wounded one; a total of 20 people...
(1924)
- Police forcibly put down a strike by sugar plantation workers, leading to 16 picketers shot and killed.
Hilo Massacre
Hilo Massacre
The Hilo Massacre was an incident that occurred on 1 August 1938, in Hilo, Hawaii, when over 70 police officers attempted to disband 200 unarmed protesters during a strike, injuring 50 of the demonstrators...
(1938)
- Striking stevedores stormed a police boundary leading to 50 wounded picketers.
World War II
World War II
World War II, or the Second World War , was a global conflict lasting from 1939 to 1945, involving most of the world's nations—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing military alliances: the Allies and the Axis...
(1939–1945)
- See below
- Attack on Pearl HarborAttack on Pearl HarborThe attack on Pearl Harbor was a surprise military strike conducted by the Imperial Japanese Navy against the United States naval base at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, on the morning of December 7, 1941...
(1941)
- Attack on Pearl Harbor
- Imperial Japanese NavyImperial Japanese NavyThe Imperial Japanese Navy was the navy of the Empire of Japan from 1869 until 1947, when it was dissolved following Japan's constitutional renunciation of the use of force as a means of settling international disputes...
(IJN) launch a preemptive attack on the United StatesUnited StatesThe United States of America is a federal constitutional republic comprising fifty states and a federal district...
.- Niihau IncidentNiihau IncidentThe Niihau Incident occurred on December 7, 1941, when Japanese Zero pilot Shigenori Nishikaichi crash-landed on the Hawaiian island of Niihau after participating in the attack on Pearl Harbor....
(1941)
- Niihau Incident
- INJ pilot Shigenori Nishikaichi crash-landedEmergency landingAn emergency landing is a landing made by an aircraft in response to a crisis which either interferes with the operation of the aircraft or involves sudden medical emergencies necessitating diversion to the nearest airport.-Types of emergency landings:...
on the island of NiihauNiihauNiihau or Niihau is the seventh largest of the inhabited Hawaiian Islands in the U.S. state of Hawaii, having an area of . Niihau lies southwest of Kauai across the Kaulakahi Channel. Several intermittent playa lakes provide wetland habitats for the Hawaiian Coot, the Black-winged Stilt, and the...
and attempted to control the population to keep from being taken prisonerPrisoner of warA prisoner of war or enemy prisoner of war is a person, whether civilian or combatant, who is held in custody by an enemy power during or immediately after an armed conflict...
and intelligenceIntelligence (information gathering)Intelligence assessment is the development of forecasts of behaviour or recommended courses of action to the leadership of an organization, based on a wide range of available information sources both overt and covert. Assessments are developed in response to requirements declared by the leadership...
from being captured. He was killed in a standoff with civilians while taking a hostageHostage crisisA hostage crisis develops when one or more terrorists or criminals hold people against their will and try to hold off the authorities by force, threatening to kill the hostages if provoked or attacked....
.- Battle of MidwayBattle of MidwayThe Battle of Midway is widely regarded as the most important naval battle of the Pacific Campaign of World War II. Between 4 and 7 June 1942, approximately one month after the Battle of the Coral Sea and six months after Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor, the United States Navy decisively defeated...
(1942)
- Battle of Midway
- INJ attempted to occupy Midway AtollMidway AtollMidway Atoll is a atoll in the North Pacific Ocean, near the northwestern end of the Hawaiian archipelago, about one-third of the way between Honolulu, Hawaii, and Tokyo, Japan. Unique among the Hawaiian islands, Midway observes UTC-11 , eleven hours behind Coordinated Universal Time and one hour...
, but after devastating losses during aerial combat, the invasion was aborted.- Operation KOperation Kwas a Japanese naval operation in World War II, intended as a reconnaissance of Pearl Harbor and disruption of repair and salvage operations following the surprise attack on December 7, 1941. It culminated on March 4, 1942, with an unsuccessful attack carried out by two Kawanishi H8K "Emily" flying...
(1942)
- Operation K
- Attempted reconnaissance mission to Pearl HarborPearl HarborPearl Harbor, known to Hawaiians as Puuloa, is a lagoon harbor on the island of Oahu, Hawaii, west of Honolulu. Much of the harbor and surrounding lands is a United States Navy deep-water naval base. It is also the headquarters of the U.S. Pacific Fleet...
by INJ, mission was aborted over O'ahu for poor visibility from clouds.
Democratic Revolution of 1954
Democratic Revolution of 1954 (Hawaii)
The Hawaii Democratic Revolution of 1954 was a nonviolent revolution that took place in the Hawaiian Archipelago consisting of general strikes, protests, and other acts of civil disobedience...
(1946–1958)
- AsianAsian AmericanAsian Americans are Americans of Asian descent. The U.S. Census Bureau definition of Asians as "Asian” refers to a person having origins in any of the original peoples of the Far East, Southeast Asia, or the Indian subcontinent, including, for example, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Japan,...
plantation workers mostly of Japanese descentJapanese Americanare American people of Japanese heritage. Japanese Americans have historically been among the three largest Asian American communities, but in recent decades have become the sixth largest group at roughly 1,204,205, including those of mixed-race or mixed-ethnicity...
instigate a non-violent revolutionNon-violent revolutionA nonviolent revolution is a revolution using mostly campaigns of civil resistance, including various forms of nonviolent protest, to bring about the departure of governments seen as entrenched and authoritarian...
that overthrows the Missionary Party, who had overthrown the monarchy prior.
State of Hawaii
A year after the overthrow of the Missionary Party, John A. BurnsJohn A. Burns
John Anthony Burns served as the second Governor of Hawaii from 1962 to 1974. Born in Fort Assinniboine, Montana, Burns was a resident of Hawaii from 1913....
the leader of the revolutionary movement successfully lobbies the US Congress to admit Hawaii as a state
U.S. state
A U.S. state is any one of the 50 federated states of the United States of America that share sovereignty with the federal government. Because of this shared sovereignty, an American is a citizen both of the federal entity and of his or her state of domicile. Four states use the official title of...
creating the State of Hawaii.
- East Wood AffairEast Wood AffairThe East Wood Affair was a pirates aboard the cargo ship East Wood after 30 of her 527 Chinese illegal immigrants took control of the vessel before being taken back by her crew.-Radio massages:...
(1992)
- The ship East Wood hijacked by Chinese illegal immigrants which it had been carrying 527 of.
- Hawaiian Sovereignty MovementHawaiian sovereignty movementThe Hawaiian sovereignty movement is a political movement seeking some form of sovereignty for Hawai'i. Generally, the movement's focus is on self-determination and self-governance, either for Hawaiʻi as an independent nation, or for people of whole or part native Hawaiian ancestry, or for...
(1969?-present)
- Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement
- Separatist movement by numerous nationalistNationalismNationalism is a political ideology that involves a strong identification of a group of individuals with a political entity defined in national terms, i.e. a nation. In the 'modernist' image of the nation, it is nationalism that creates national identity. There are various definitions for what...
factions to return Hawaii to independence.- Pan Am Flight 830Pan Am Flight 830Pan Am Flight 830 was a Boeing 747-121, named "Clipper Ocean Rover", flying from Narita International Airport in Tokyo to Honolulu International Airport in Hawaii on August 11, 1982....
(1982)
- Pan Am Flight 830
- Bombing on a Boeing 747-121Boeing 747The Boeing 747 is a wide-body commercial airliner and cargo transport, often referred to by its original nickname, Jumbo Jet, or Queen of the Skies. It is among the world's most recognizable aircraft, and was the first wide-body ever produced...
by Palestinian terrorists. The plane landed after the explosion caused one fatality.
Hawaiian Sovereignty Movement
Hawaiian sovereignty movement
The Hawaiian sovereignty movement is a political movement seeking some form of sovereignty for Hawai'i. Generally, the movement's focus is on self-determination and self-governance, either for Hawaiʻi as an independent nation, or for people of whole or part native Hawaiian ancestry, or for...
(1969?-present) continued
- Statehood Day Takeover (2008)
- Separatists seize [[ʻIolani Palace]] in a failed coup d'étatCoup d'étatA coup d'état state, literally: strike/blow of state)—also known as a coup, putsch, and overthrow—is the sudden, extrajudicial deposition of a government, usually by a small group of the existing state establishment—typically the military—to replace the deposed government with another body; either...
.