List of ethnic groups in China
Encyclopedia
Multiple ethnic group
s populate China
, where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal names, the People's Republic of China
(PRC) and the Republic of China
(ROC, aka "Taiwan
").
The Han Chinese
are the largest ethnic group, where some 91.59% of the population was classified as Han Chinese (~1.2 billion). Besides the majority Han Chinese, 55 other ethnic groups are recognised in mainland China
by the PRC government, numbering approximately 105 million people, mostly concentrated in the northwest, north, northeast, south, and southwest but with some in central interior areas.
The major minority ethnic groups are Zhuang (16.1 million), Manchu (10.6 million), Hui
(9.8 million), Miao
(8.9 million), Uyghur
(8.3 million), Tujia (8 million), Yi
(7.7 million), Mongol (5.8 million), Tibetan
(5.4 million), Buyei (2.9 million), Dong
(2.9 million), Yao
(2.6 million), Korean (1.9 million), Bai (1.8 million), Hani
(1.4 million), Kazakh
(1.2 million), Li
(1.2 million), and Dai
(1.1 million).
s in China
that are officially recognized by the government
of the People's Republic of China
. Members of several ethnic groups reside in Hong Kong
and Macau
, but due to the long separation from China, many of these ethnic groups are generally unknown to the Special Administrative Regions (of People's Republic of China) of Hong Kong and of Macau.
AGB
3304-91 "Names of nationalities of China in romanization with codes".
Bthe population only includes China
and the Republic of China
(Taiwan
)
1also includes Utsuls of Hainan, descended from Cham refugees
2a subset of which is also known as Hmong
3including Amdo
wa and Kham
pa
4this category includes several different Tai-speaking groups historically referred to as Bai-yi
5a collective name for all Taiwanese aborigine groups in Taiwan
6also included are the :zh:摩梭; Mósuō
7known as Kachin in Myanmar
8The same group as Vietnamese
or Kinh in Sino-Vietnamese and historically referred to as 越 Yuè, cognate to Vietnamese Việt. See Bǎiyuè.
9the same group as Nanai on the Russian
side of the border
government officially refers to all Taiwanese aborigines
as Gaoshan
, whereas the Republic of China
(Taiwan
) recognizes 14 groups of Taiwanese aborigines. The term Gaoshan has a different connotation in Taiwan than it does in mainland China
. While several thousands of these aborigines have migrated to Fujian
province in mainland China, most remain in Taiwan. Due to the contested political status
and legal status of Taiwan
, the PRC classification of Taiwanese aborigines may be controversial.
of the People's Republic of China
.
and Macau
are special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China
. The governments of Hong Kong and Macau do not use the official PRC ethnic classification system, nor does the PRC's official classification system take ethnic groups in Hong Kong and Macau into account. As a result, minority groups such as Europeans (mainly English), and South or South East Asians (mainly Filipinos, Indian, Indonesians, Nepalese and Pakistani) in Hong Kong.
Ethnic group
An ethnic group is a group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture and/or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy...
s populate China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
, where "China" is taken to mean areas controlled by either of the two states using "China" in their formal names, the People's Republic of China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
(PRC) and the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
(ROC, aka "Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
").
The Han Chinese
Han Chinese
Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the...
are the largest ethnic group, where some 91.59% of the population was classified as Han Chinese (~1.2 billion). Besides the majority Han Chinese, 55 other ethnic groups are recognised in mainland China
Mainland China
Mainland China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term that refers to the area under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China . According to the Taipei-based Mainland Affairs Council, the term excludes the PRC Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and...
by the PRC government, numbering approximately 105 million people, mostly concentrated in the northwest, north, northeast, south, and southwest but with some in central interior areas.
The major minority ethnic groups are Zhuang (16.1 million), Manchu (10.6 million), Hui
Hui people
The Hui people are an ethnic group in China, defined as Chinese speaking people descended from foreign Muslims. They are typically distinguished by their practice of Islam, however some also practice other religions, and many are direct descendants of Silk Road travelers.In modern People's...
(9.8 million), Miao
Miao people
The Miao or ม้ง ; ) is an ethnic group recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China as one of the 55 official minority groups. Miao is a Chinese term and does not reflect the self-designations of the component nations of people, which include Hmong, Hmu, A Hmao, and Kho Xiong...
(8.9 million), Uyghur
Uyghur people
The Uyghur are a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China...
(8.3 million), Tujia (8 million), Yi
Yi people
The Yi or Lolo people are an ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. Numbering 8 million, they are the seventh largest of the 55 ethnic minority groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China...
(7.7 million), Mongol (5.8 million), Tibetan
Tibetan people
The Tibetan people are an ethnic group that is native to Tibet, which is mostly in the People's Republic of China. They number 5.4 million and are the 10th largest ethnic group in the country. Significant Tibetan minorities also live in India, Nepal, and Bhutan...
(5.4 million), Buyei (2.9 million), Dong
Dong people
The Dong , a Kam–Sui people of southern China, are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They are famed for their native-bred Kam Sweet Rice , carpentry skills, and unique architecture, in particular a form of covered bridge known as the "wind and rain...
(2.9 million), Yao
Yao people
The Yao nationality is a government classification for various minorities in China. They form one of the 55 ethnic minority groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where they reside in the mountainous terrain of the southwest and south...
(2.6 million), Korean (1.9 million), Bai (1.8 million), Hani
Hani people
thumb|Typical daily attire of ethnic Hani in China. Near [[Yuanyang County, Yunnan|Yuanyang]], [[Yunnan]] Province, [[China]] The Hani people are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They also form one of the 54 officially...
(1.4 million), Kazakh
Kazakhs
The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia ....
(1.2 million), Li
Li people
The Li or Hlai are a minority ethnic group, the vast majority of whom live off the southern coast of mainland China on Hainan Island, where they are the largest minority ethnic group...
(1.2 million), and Dai
Dai people
The Dai peoples is one of several ethnic groups living in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture , but by extension can apply to groups in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, and Burma when Dai is used to mean specifically Tai Lue, Chinese Shan or even...
(1.1 million).
Officially recognized ethnic groups in mainland China
In order of population, this is the list of the 56 ethnic groupEthnic group
An ethnic group is a group of people whose members identify with each other, through a common heritage, often consisting of a common language, a common culture and/or an ideology that stresses common ancestry or endogamy...
s in China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
that are officially recognized by the government
Government of the People's Republic of China
All power within the government of the People's Republic of China is divided among three bodies: the People's Republic of China, State Council, and the People's Liberation Army . This article is concerned with the formal structure of the state, its departments and their responsibilities...
of the People's Republic of China
People's Republic of China
China , officially the People's Republic of China , is the most populous country in the world, with over 1.3 billion citizens. Located in East Asia, the country covers approximately 9.6 million square kilometres...
. Members of several ethnic groups reside in Hong Kong
Hong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
and Macau
Macau
Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...
, but due to the long separation from China, many of these ethnic groups are generally unknown to the Special Administrative Regions (of People's Republic of China) of Hong Kong and of Macau.
English name | Standard Romanization | CodeA | Pinyin | S. Chinese | T. Chinese | PopulationB |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Han Han Chinese Han Chinese are an ethnic group native to China and are the largest single ethnic group in the world.Han Chinese constitute about 92% of the population of the People's Republic of China , 98% of the population of the Republic of China , 78% of the population of Singapore, and about 20% of the... |
Han | HA | Hàn Zú | 汉族 | 漢族 | 1,225,932,641 (2010) |
Zhuang | Zhuang | ZH | Zhuàng Zú | 壮族 | 壯族 | 16,178,811 |
Manchu | Man | MA | Mǎn Zú | 满族 | 滿族 | 10,682,263 |
Hui Hui people The Hui people are an ethnic group in China, defined as Chinese speaking people descended from foreign Muslims. They are typically distinguished by their practice of Islam, however some also practice other religions, and many are direct descendants of Silk Road travelers.In modern People's... 1 |
Hui | HU | Huí Zú | 回族 | 回族 | 9,816,802 |
Miao Miao people The Miao or ม้ง ; ) is an ethnic group recognized by the government of the People's Republic of China as one of the 55 official minority groups. Miao is a Chinese term and does not reflect the self-designations of the component nations of people, which include Hmong, Hmu, A Hmao, and Kho Xiong... 2 |
Miao | MH | Miáo Zú | 苗族 | 苗族 | 8,940,116 |
Uyghur Uyghur people The Uyghur are a Turkic ethnic group living in Eastern and Central Asia. Today, Uyghurs live primarily in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in the People's Republic of China... |
Uyghur | UG | Wéiwú'ěr Zú | 维吾尔族 | 維吾爾族 | 8,399,393 |
Tujia | Tujia | TJ | Tǔjiā Zú | 土家族 | 土家族 | 8,028,133 |
Yi Yi people The Yi or Lolo people are an ethnic group in China, Vietnam, and Thailand. Numbering 8 million, they are the seventh largest of the 55 ethnic minority groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China... |
Yi | YI | Yí Zú | 彝族 | 彝族 | 7,762,286 |
Mongol | Mongol | MG | Měnggǔ Zú | 蒙古族 | 蒙古族 | 5,813,947 |
Tibetan Tibetan people The Tibetan people are an ethnic group that is native to Tibet, which is mostly in the People's Republic of China. They number 5.4 million and are the 10th largest ethnic group in the country. Significant Tibetan minorities also live in India, Nepal, and Bhutan... 3 |
Zang | ZA | Zàng Zú | 藏族 | 藏族 | 5,416,021 |
Buyei | Buyei | BY | Bùyī Zú | 布依族 | 布依族 | 2,971,460 |
Dong Dong people The Dong , a Kam–Sui people of southern China, are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They are famed for their native-bred Kam Sweet Rice , carpentry skills, and unique architecture, in particular a form of covered bridge known as the "wind and rain... |
Dong | DO | Dòng Zú | 侗族 | 侗族 | 2,960,293 |
Yao Yao people The Yao nationality is a government classification for various minorities in China. They form one of the 55 ethnic minority groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where they reside in the mountainous terrain of the southwest and south... |
Yao | YA | Yáo Zú | 瑶族 | 瑤族 | 2,637,421 |
Korean | Chosen | CS | Cháoxiǎn Zú | 朝鲜族 | 朝鮮族 | 1,923,842 |
Bai | Bai | BA | Bái Zú | 白族 | 白族 | 1,858,063 |
Hani Hani people thumb|Typical daily attire of ethnic Hani in China. Near [[Yuanyang County, Yunnan|Yuanyang]], [[Yunnan]] Province, [[China]] The Hani people are an ethnic group. They form one of the 56 nationalities officially recognized by the People's Republic of China. They also form one of the 54 officially... |
Hani | HN | Hāní Zú | 哈尼族 | 哈尼族 | 1,439,673 |
Kazakh Kazakhs The Kazakhs are a Turkic people of the northern parts of Central Asia .... |
Kazak | KZ | Hāsàkè Zú | 哈萨克族 | 哈薩克族 | 1,420,458 |
Li Li people The Li or Hlai are a minority ethnic group, the vast majority of whom live off the southern coast of mainland China on Hainan Island, where they are the largest minority ethnic group... |
Li | LI | Lí Zú | 黎族 | 黎族 | 1,247,814 |
Dai Dai people The Dai peoples is one of several ethnic groups living in the Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture and the Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture , but by extension can apply to groups in Laos, Vietnam, Thailand, and Burma when Dai is used to mean specifically Tai Lue, Chinese Shan or even... 4 |
Dai | DA | |Dǎi Zú | 傣族 | 傣族 | 1,158,989 |
She She people The She people are a Chinese ethnic group. They form one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China.... |
She | SH | Shē Zú | 畲族 | 畲族 | 709,592 |
Lisu | Lisu | LS | Lìsù Zú | 傈僳族 | 傈僳族 | 634,912 |
Gelao | Gelao | GL | Gēlǎo Zú | 仡佬族 | 仡佬族 | 579,357 |
Dongxiang Dongxiang people The Dongxiang people are one of 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China... |
Dongxiang | DX | Dōngxiāng Zú | 东乡族 | 東鄉族 | 513,805 |
Gaoshan Taiwanese aborigines Taiwanese aborigines is the term commonly applied in reference to the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Although Taiwanese indigenous groups hold a variety of creation myths, recent research suggests their ancestors may have been living on the islands for approximately 8,000 years before major Han... 5 |
Gaoshan | GS | Gāoshān Zú | 高山族 | 高山族 | 458,000 |
Lahu Lahu people The Lahu are an ethnic group of Southeast Asia and China.They are one of the 56 ethnic groups officially recognized by the People's Republic of China, where about 450,000 live in Yunnan province. An estimated 150,000 live in Burma. In Thailand, Lahu are one of the six main hill tribes; their... |
Lahu | LH | Lāhù Zú | 拉祜族 | 拉祜族 | 453,705 |
Sui | Sui | SU | Shuǐ Zú | 水族 | 水族 | 406,902 |
Va Va people The Va nationality lives mainly in Northern Burma, in the northern part of Shan and eastern Kachin States, near and along the border with China. Their defacto capital is Pangkham in the unofficial Wa State in North Eastern Shan state. The majority of the Va live in Burma... |
Va | VA | Wǎ Zú | 佤族 | 佤族 | 396,610 |
Nakhi6 | Naxi | NX | Nàxī Zú | 纳西族 | 納西族 | 308,839 |
Qiang | Qiang | QI | Qiāng Zú | 羌族 | 羌族 | 306,072 |
Tu Tu people The Monguor or Tu people , White Mongol/Chagan Mongol are one of the 56 officially recognized ethnic groups in the People's Republic of China. The "Tu" ethnic category was created in the 1950s.... |
Tu | TU | Tǔ Zú | 土族 | 土族 | 241,198 |
Mulao | Mulao | ML | Mùlǎo Zú | 仫佬族 | 仫佬族 | 207,352 |
Xibe | Xibe | XB | Xíbó Zú | 锡伯族 | 錫伯族 | 188,824 |
Kyrgyz | Kirgiz | KG | Kē'ěrkèzī Zú | 柯尔克孜族 | 柯爾克孜族 | 160,823 |
Daur | Daur | DU | Dáwò'ěr Zú | 达斡尔族 | 達斡爾族 | 132,394 |
Jingpo7 | Jingpo | JP | Jǐngpō Zú | 景颇族 | 景頗族 | 132,143 |
Maonan | Maonan | MN | Màonán Zú | 毛南族 | 毛南族 | 107,166 |
Salar | Salar | SL | Sālā Zú | 撒拉族 | 撒拉族 | 104,503 |
Blang | Blang | BL | Bùlǎng Zú | 布朗族 | 布朗族 | 91,882 |
Tajik | Tajik | TA | Tǎjíkè Zú | 塔吉克族 | 塔吉克族 | 41,028 |
Achang | Achang | AC | Āchāng Zú | 阿昌族 | 阿昌族 | 33,936 |
Pumi | Pumi | PM | Pǔmǐ Zú | 普米族 | 普米族 | 33,600 |
Ewenki Evenks The Evenks are a Tungusic people of Northern Asia. In Russia, the Evenks are recognized as one of the Indigenous peoples of the Russian North, with a population of 35,527... |
Ewenki | EW | Èwēnkè Zú | 鄂温克族 | 鄂温克族 | 30,505 |
Nu Nu people The Nu people are one of the 56 ethnic groups recognized by the People's Republic of China. Their population of 27,000 is divided into the Northern, Central and Southern groups. Their homeland is a country of high mountains and deep ravines crossed by the Lancang, Dulong and Nujiang rivers... |
Nu | NU | Nù Zú | 怒族 | 怒族 | 28,759 |
Gin8 | Gin | GI | Jīng Zú | 京族 | 京族 | 22,517 |
Jino | Jino | JN | Jīnuò Zú | 基诺族 | 基諾族 | 20,899 |
De'ang | Deang | DE | Dé'áng Zú | 德昂族 | 德昂族 | 17,935 |
Bonan | Bonan | BO | Bǎoān Zú | 保安族 | 保安族 | 16,505 |
Russian | Russ | RS | Éluósī Zú | 俄罗斯族 | 俄羅斯族 | 15,609 |
Yugur | Yugur | YG | Yùgù Zú | 裕固族 | 裕固族 | 13,719 |
Uzbek Uzbeks The Uzbeks are a Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, and large populations can also be found in Afghanistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Pakistan, Mongolia and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China... |
Uzbek | UZ | Wūzībiékè Zú | 乌孜别克族 | 烏孜别克族 | 12,370 |
Monba | Monba | MB | Ménbā Zú | 门巴族 | 門巴族 | 8,923 |
Oroqen | Oroqen | OR | Èlúnchūn Zú | 鄂伦春族 | 鄂倫春族 | 8,196 |
Derung | Derung | DR | Dúlóng Zú | 独龙族 | 獨龍族 | 7,426 |
Tatars Tatars Tatars are a Turkic speaking ethnic group , numbering roughly 7 million.The majority of Tatars live in the Russian Federation, with a population of around 5.5 million, about 2 million of which in the republic of Tatarstan.Significant minority populations are found in Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan,... |
Tatar | TT | Tǎtǎ'ěr Zú | 塔塔尔族 | 塔塔爾族 | 4,890 |
Hezhen9 | Hezhen | HZ | Hèzhé Zú | 赫哲族 | 赫哲族 | 4,640 |
Lhoba | Lhoba | LB | Luòbā Zú | 珞巴族 | 珞巴族 | 2,965 |
Undistinguished | Undistinguished | none | Wèi Shìbié Mínzú | 未识别民族 | 未識別民族 | 734,438 |
AGB
Standardization Administration of China
The Standardization Administration of China is the Standards organization authorized by the State Council of China to exercise administrative responsibilities by undertaking unified management, supervision and overall coordination of standardization work in China...
3304-91 "Names of nationalities of China in romanization with codes".
Bthe population only includes China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
and the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
(Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
)
1also includes Utsuls of Hainan, descended from Cham refugees
2a subset of which is also known as Hmong
Hmong people
The Hmong , are an Asian ethnic group from the mountainous regions of China, Vietnam, Laos, and Thailand. Hmong are also one of the sub-groups of the Miao ethnicity in southern China...
3including Amdo
Amdo
Amdo is one of the three traditional regions of Tibet, the other two being Ü-Tsang and Kham; it is also the birth place of the 14th Dalai Lama. Amdo encompasses a large area from the Machu River to the Drichu river . While culturally and ethnically a Tibetan area, Amdo has been administered by a...
wa and Kham
Kham
Kham , is a historical region covering a land area largely divided between present-day Tibetan Autonomous Region and Sichuan province, with smaller portions located within Qinghai, Gansu and Yunnan provinces of China. During the Republic of China's rule over mainland China , most of the region was...
pa
4this category includes several different Tai-speaking groups historically referred to as Bai-yi
5a collective name for all Taiwanese aborigine groups in Taiwan
6also included are the :zh:摩梭; Mósuō
7known as Kachin in Myanmar
Myanmar
Burma , officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar , is a country in Southeast Asia. Burma is bordered by China on the northeast, Laos on the east, Thailand on the southeast, Bangladesh on the west, India on the northwest, the Bay of Bengal to the southwest, and the Andaman Sea on the south....
8The same group as Vietnamese
Vietnamese people
The Vietnamese people are an ethnic group originating from present-day northern Vietnam and southern China. They are the majority ethnic group of Vietnam, comprising 86% of the population as of the 1999 census, and are officially known as Kinh to distinguish them from other ethnic groups in Vietnam...
or Kinh in Sino-Vietnamese and historically referred to as 越 Yuè, cognate to Vietnamese Việt. See Bǎiyuè.
9the same group as Nanai on the Russian
Russia
Russia or , officially known as both Russia and the Russian Federation , is a country in northern Eurasia. It is a federal semi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects...
side of the border
Taiwanese aborigines
The People's Republic of ChinaChina
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
government officially refers to all Taiwanese aborigines
Taiwanese aborigines
Taiwanese aborigines is the term commonly applied in reference to the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Although Taiwanese indigenous groups hold a variety of creation myths, recent research suggests their ancestors may have been living on the islands for approximately 8,000 years before major Han...
as Gaoshan
Taiwanese aborigines
Taiwanese aborigines is the term commonly applied in reference to the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Although Taiwanese indigenous groups hold a variety of creation myths, recent research suggests their ancestors may have been living on the islands for approximately 8,000 years before major Han...
, whereas the Republic of China
Republic of China
The Republic of China , commonly known as Taiwan , is a unitary sovereign state located in East Asia. Originally based in mainland China, the Republic of China currently governs the island of Taiwan , which forms over 99% of its current territory, as well as Penghu, Kinmen, Matsu and other minor...
(Taiwan
Taiwan
Taiwan , also known, especially in the past, as Formosa , is the largest island of the same-named island group of East Asia in the western Pacific Ocean and located off the southeastern coast of mainland China. The island forms over 99% of the current territory of the Republic of China following...
) recognizes 14 groups of Taiwanese aborigines. The term Gaoshan has a different connotation in Taiwan than it does in mainland China
Mainland China
Mainland China, the Chinese mainland or simply the mainland, is a geopolitical term that refers to the area under the jurisdiction of the People's Republic of China . According to the Taipei-based Mainland Affairs Council, the term excludes the PRC Special Administrative Regions of Hong Kong and...
. While several thousands of these aborigines have migrated to Fujian
Fujian
' , formerly romanised as Fukien or Huguing or Foukien, is a province on the southeast coast of mainland China. Fujian is bordered by Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait...
province in mainland China, most remain in Taiwan. Due to the contested political status
Political status of Taiwan
The controversy regarding the political status of Taiwan hinges on whether Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen, and Matsu should remain effectively independent as territory of the Republic of China , become unified with the territories now governed by the People's Republic of China , or formally declare...
and legal status of Taiwan
Legal status of Taiwan
The legal status of Republic of China is a controversial issue which stems from the complex post-Second World War history of Taiwan. Various claims have been made by the People's Republic of China , the Republic of China , and supporters of Taiwan independence over this question, with a variety of...
, the PRC classification of Taiwanese aborigines may be controversial.
"Undistinguished" ethnic minority groups
This is a list of ethnic groups in China that are not officially recognized by the governmentGovernment of the People's Republic of China
All power within the government of the People's Republic of China is divided among three bodies: the People's Republic of China, State Council, and the People's Liberation Army . This article is concerned with the formal structure of the state, its departments and their responsibilities...
of the People's Republic of China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
.
- Ayi peopleAyi peopleThe Ayi people are an ethnic group in the People's Republic of China. Their culture has traits shared with the Lisu culture. The Ayi have a population of more than 2,000 persons. They speak the Tibeto-Burman language Ayi. Many of them are Christian....
- Äynu peopleÄynu peopleThe Äynu are a people native to the Xinjiang region of western China. There are estimated to be fewer than 30,000 Äynu, mostly located on the fringe of the Taklamakan Desert.- Origins :...
- GejiaGejiaThe Gejia is an ethnic group found in Guizhou province, southwestern China. They are officially classified as a part of the Miao ethnicity not all Gejia self-identify as such ....
(亻革家人, Gèjiā Rén) - Bajia (八甲人, Bājiǎ Rén)
- DengDeng (ethnic group)The Deng is an ethnic group that is not officially recognised by the government of People's Republic of China.They are also known as the Dengba....
(僜人, Dèng Rén) - KhmuKhmu peopleThe Khmu is one of the largest ethnic groups based in northern Laos. They can also be found in Burma, southwest China , Thailand, and Vietnam, where they are an officially recognized ethnic group...
(克木人, Kèmù Rén) - KucongKucongThe Kucong is an ethnic group in China.It is one of the poorest minorities in China.The people are considered as invisible people as they seldom let traders see them when they sell their wares to buy some necessities...
(Yellow Lahu/Lahu Shi (苦聪人; Traditional: 苦聰人; Kǔcōng Rén) - MangMang peopleThe Mang are an ethnic group living primarily in Vietnam, where they are one of that nation's 54 officially recognized ethnic groups. There are also about 500 Mang living in the Yunnan province of southern China, where they are officially termed an undistinguished nationality.The Mang language is...
(芒人, Máng Rén) - SherpasSherpa peopleThe Sherpa are an ethnic group from the most mountainous region of Nepal, high in the Himalayas. Sherpas migrated from the Kham region in eastern Tibet to Nepal within the last 300–400 years.The initial mountainous migration from Tibet was a search for beyul...
(夏尔巴人; Traditional: 夏爾巴人; Xiàěrbā Rén) - TuvansTuvansTuvans or Tuvinians are Turkic peoples living in southern Siberia. They are historically known as one of the Uriankhai, from the Mongolian designation...
(图瓦人, Túwǎ Rén) - Yi (羿人, Yìrén)
- YoutaiHistory of the Jews in ChinaJews and Judaism in China have had a long history. Jewish settlers are documented in China as early as the 7th or 8th century CE, but may have arrived during the mid Han Dynasty, or even as early as 231 BCE. Relatively isolated communities developed through the Tang and Song Dynasties Jews and...
(犹太; Traditional: 猶太; Yóutài) (Jewish people of China and Jewish people in general) - Yamato Japanese (大和民族Yamato peopleis a name for the dominant native ethnic group of Japan. It is a term that came to be used around the late 19th century to distinguish the residents of the mainland Japan from other minority ethnic groups who have resided in the peripheral areas of Japan, such as the Ainu, Ryukyuan, Nivkh, Ulta, as...
) and Ryukyuans (琉球民族RyukyuansThe are the indigenous peoples of the Ryukyu Islands between the islands of Kyūshū and Taiwan. The generally recognized subgroups of Ryukyuans are Amamians, Okinawans, Miyakoans, Yaeyamans, and Yonagunians. Geographically, they live in either Okinawa Prefecture or Kagoshima Prefecture...
) living as permanent residents in Taiwan and North East China - MacaneseMacanese peopleThe Macanese-born Portuguese people or simply the Macanese people refer to an ethnic group which originated in Macau since the 16th century, consisting mostly of people with some Portuguese ancestry.-Culture:...
(土生葡人, Descendant of PortuguesePortuguese peopleThe Portuguese are a nation and ethnic group native to the country of Portugal, in the west of the Iberian peninsula of south-west Europe. Their language is Portuguese, and Roman Catholicism is the predominant religion....
in MacauMacauMacau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...
since 16th century)
Ethnic groups in Hong Kong and Macau
Hong KongHong Kong
Hong Kong is one of two Special Administrative Regions of the People's Republic of China , the other being Macau. A city-state situated on China's south coast and enclosed by the Pearl River Delta and South China Sea, it is renowned for its expansive skyline and deep natural harbour...
and Macau
Macau
Macau , also spelled Macao , is, along with Hong Kong, one of the two special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China...
are special administrative regions of the People's Republic of China
China
Chinese civilization may refer to:* China for more general discussion of the country.* Chinese culture* Greater China, the transnational community of ethnic Chinese.* History of China* Sinosphere, the area historically affected by Chinese culture...
. The governments of Hong Kong and Macau do not use the official PRC ethnic classification system, nor does the PRC's official classification system take ethnic groups in Hong Kong and Macau into account. As a result, minority groups such as Europeans (mainly English), and South or South East Asians (mainly Filipinos, Indian, Indonesians, Nepalese and Pakistani) in Hong Kong.
See also
- Han Chinese subgroups
- Ethnic minorities in ChinaEthnic minorities in ChinaEthnic minorities in China are the non-Han Chinese population in the People's Republic of China. The People's Republic of China officially recognizes 55 ethnic minority groups within China in addition to the Han majority. As of 2010, the combined population of officially recognised minority...
- Undistinguished ethnic groups in ChinaUndistinguished ethnic groups in ChinaSeveral ethnic groups of the People's Republic of China are not officially recognized. Taken together, these groups number more than 730,000 people; if considered a single group, they would constitute the twentieth most populous ethnic group of China...
- Tai ethnic groups in ChinaTai ethnic groups in China-Tai and Rauz peoples:*Thai *Bouyei*Tai Chong *Dai , including the Lu, Han Tai, Huayao Tai and Paxi people*Tai Dam*Dong , including the Northern and Southern Dong people*E *Tai Eolai *Fuma *Hongjin Tai*Tai Kao*Tai Kaihua *Kang*Tai Lai...
- Ethnic groups in Taiwan
- Zhonghua MinzuZhonghua minzuZhonghua minzu , usually translated as Chinese ethnic groups or Chinese nationality, refers to the modern notion of a Chinese nationality transcending ethnic divisions, with a central identity for China as a whole...
- Taiwanese aboriginesTaiwanese aboriginesTaiwanese aborigines is the term commonly applied in reference to the indigenous peoples of Taiwan. Although Taiwanese indigenous groups hold a variety of creation myths, recent research suggests their ancestors may have been living on the islands for approximately 8,000 years before major Han...
- Demographics of the People's Republic of China and TaiwanDemographics of TaiwanThis article is about the demographic features of the population in Taiwan, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population....
- Languages of ChinaLanguages of ChinaChina's many different ethnic groups speak many different languages, collectively called Zhōngguó Yǔwén , literally, "speech and writing of China", which span eight primary language families. Most of them are dissimilar morphologically and phonetically. Even within each family, most are mutually...
External links
- "Chinese ethnic odyssey." - Collection of articles from the People's DailyPeople's DailyThe People's Daily is a daily newspaper in the People's Republic of China. The paper is an organ of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China , published worldwide with a circulation of 3 to 4 million. In addition to its main Chinese-language edition, it has editions in English,...
- Family album of Chinese 56 ethnic groups