List of state leaders in 1821
Encyclopedia
1820 state leaders - Events of 1821 - 1822 state leaders - State leaders by year

Africa

  • Ashanti Confederacy - Osei Bonsu
    Osei Bonsu
    Osei Bonsu was the Asantehene . He reigned from 1804 to 1824. During his reign the Ashanti fought the Fante confederation and ended up dominating Gold Coast trade...

    , Asantehene (1804–1824)
  • Buganda
    Buganda
    Buganda is a subnational kingdom within Uganda. The kingdom of the Ganda people, Buganda is the largest of the traditional kingdoms in present-day Uganda, comprising all of Uganda's Central Region, including the Ugandan capital Kampala, with the exception of the disputed eastern Kayunga District...

    - Kamaya, King of Buganda (1814–1836)
  • Bunyoro
    Bunyoro
    Bunyoro is a kingdom in Western Uganda. It was one of the most powerful kingdoms in East Africa from the 16th to the 19th century. It is ruled by the Omukama of Bunyoro...

    - Nyamutukura Kyebambe III, Omukama of Bunyoro
    Omukama of Bunyoro
    Omukama of Bunyoro is the title given to rulers of the central African kingdom of Bunyoro-Kitara. The kingdom lasted as an independent state from the 16th to the 19th century. The Omukama of Bunyoro remains an important figure in Ugandan politics, especially among the Banyoro people of whom he...

     (1786–1835)
  • Burundi
    Burundi
    Burundi , officially the Republic of Burundi , is a landlocked country in the Great Lakes region of Eastern Africa bordered by Rwanda to the north, Tanzania to the east and south, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west. Its capital is Bujumbura...

    - Ntare IV Rugamba, King of Burundi (1796–1852)
  • Dahomey - Gézo, King of Dahomey (1818–1856)
  • Ethiopia
    Ethiopian Empire
    The Ethiopian Empire also known as Abyssinia, covered a geographical area that the present-day northern half of Ethiopia and Eritrea covers, and included in its peripheries Zeila, Djibouti, Yemen and Western Saudi Arabia...

    -
    1. Iyoas II
      Iyoas II of Ethiopia
      Iyoas II or Joas II was of Ethiopia, and a member of the Solomonic dynasty. He was the son of Hezqeyas....

      , Emperor of Ethiopia
      Emperor of Ethiopia
      The Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...

       (1818–1821)
    2. Gigar
      Gigar of Ethiopia
      Gigar was of Ethiopia, and purportedly a member of the Solomonic dynasty....

      , Emperor of Ethiopia
      Emperor of Ethiopia
      The Emperor of Ethiopia was the hereditary ruler of Ethiopia until the abolition of the monarchy in 1974. The Emperor was the head of state and head of government, with ultimate executive, judicial and legislative power in that country...

       (1821–1826, 1826–1830)
    • Shewa
      Shewa
      Shewa is a historical region of Ethiopia, formerly an autonomous kingdom within the Ethiopian Empire...

      - Sahle Selassie
      Sahle Selassie
      Sahle Selassie was a Meridazmach of Shewa , an important noble of Ethiopia. He was a younger son of Wossen Seged...

      , Negus
      Negus
      Negus is a title in Ge'ez, Tigrinya, Tigre and Amharic, used for a king and at times also a vassal ruler in pre-1974 Ethiopia and pre-1890 Eritrea. It is subsequently used to translate the word "king" in Biblical and other literature...

       (1813–1847)
  • Ndzuwani - Abdallah bin Alawi
    Abdallah bin Alawi
    Abdallah bin Alawi was the Sultan of and on Anjouan island from 1816 to 1832, and then again from 1833 to his death in 1836. He was succeeded first by Ali bin Salim, and finally by Saidi Alawi bin Abdallah.-References:...

    , Sultan of Ndzuwani (1816–1832)
  • Rwanda
    Rwanda
    Rwanda or , officially the Republic of Rwanda , is a country in central and eastern Africa with a population of approximately 11.4 million . Rwanda is located a few degrees south of the Equator, and is bordered by Uganda, Tanzania, Burundi and the Democratic Republic of the Congo...

    - Yuhi III
    Yuhi III of Rwanda
    Yuhi III Gahindiro was the king of Rwanda from approximately 1797 to 1830, according to Rwandan tradition. It is not certain whether Yuhi III Gahindiro was a real or mythological person.-External links:*...

    , Mwami of Rwanda (1797–1830)
  • Sokoto Caliphate
    • Caliph - Muhammed Bello
      Muhammed Bello
      Muhammed Bello was the son and aide of Usman dan Fodio. He became the second Sultan of Sokoto following his father's 1815 retirement from the throne. Bello faced early challenges from dissident leaders such as 'Abd al-Salam, and rivalries between the key families of his father's jihad...

      , Sokoto Caliph (1814–1837)
    • Grand Vizier - Gidago dan Laima
      Gidago dan Laima
      Gidago dan Laima is the first known Grand Vizier of the Sokoto Caliphate.Gidago dan Laima was succeeded by Abd al-Qadir in 1842....

      , Sokoto Grand Vizier
      Sokoto Grand Vizier
      The Wazirin Sakkwato, or "Sokoto Grand Vizier", was the Grand Vizier to the Sultan of Sokoto of the Fulani Empire, in fact rather suzerain of the Fulani Jihad states.-List of Grand Viziers:*Gidago dan Laima...

       (1817–1842)
  • Swaziland
    Swaziland
    Swaziland, officially the Kingdom of Swaziland , and sometimes called Ngwane or Swatini, is a landlocked country in Southern Africa, bordered to the north, south and west by South Africa, and to the east by Mozambique...

    - Paramount chief
    Paramount chief
    A paramount chief is the highest-level traditional chief or political leader in a regional or local polity or country typically administered politically with a chief-based system. This definition is used occasionally in anthropological and archaeological theory to refer to the rulers of multiple...

     Ngwane IV (1815–1836)
  • Zulu - Shaka
    Shaka
    Shaka kaSenzangakhona , also known as Shaka Zulu , was the most influential leader of the Zulu Kingdom....

    , King of the Zulu (1816–1828)

Americas

  • Chile
    Chile
    Chile ,officially the Republic of Chile , is a country in South America occupying a long, narrow coastal strip between the Andes mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west. It borders Peru to the north, Bolivia to the northeast, Argentina to the east, and the Drake Passage in the far...

    - Bernardo O'Higgins
    Bernardo O'Higgins
    Bernardo O'Higgins Riquelme was a Chilean independence leader who, together with José de San Martín, freed Chile from Spanish rule in the Chilean War of Independence. Although he was the second Supreme Director of Chile , he is considered one of Chile's founding fathers, as he was the first holder...

    , Supreme Director
    President of Chile
    The President of the Republic of Chile is both the head of state and the head of government of the Republic of Chile. The President is responsible of the government and state administration...

     (1817–1823)
  • Kingdom of Brazil
    Brazil
    Brazil , officially the Federative Republic of Brazil , is the largest country in South America. It is the world's fifth largest country, both by geographical area and by population with over 192 million people...

    (part of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve) - abolished in that year -
    • John VI
      John VI of Portugal
      John VI John VI John VI (full name: João Maria José Francisco Xavier de Paula Luís António Domingos Rafael; (13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826) was King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (later changed to just King of Portugal and the Algarves, after Brazil was recognized...

      , King
      Monarch
      A monarch is the person who heads a monarchy. This is a form of government in which a state or polity is ruled or controlled by an individual who typically inherits the throne by birth and occasionally rules for life or until abdication...

       (1815–1821)
    • D. Pedro de Alcântara, Prince Regent (1821)
  • Mexico - Agustín de Iturbide
    Agustín de Iturbide
    Agustín Cosme Damián de Iturbide y Aramburu , also known as Augustine I of Mexico, was a Mexican army general who built a successful political and military coalition that was able to march into Mexico City on 27 September 1821, decisively ending the Mexican War of Independence...

    , Head of Junta - Emperor
    Mexican Empire
    The Mexican Empire or rarely Gran Mexico was the name of modern Mexico on two brief occasions in the 19th century when it was ruled by an emperor. With the Declaration of Independence of the Mexican Empire from Spain in 1821, Mexico became an independent monarchy, but was soon replaced with the...

     (1821–1823)
  • Paraguay
    Paraguay
    Paraguay , officially the Republic of Paraguay , is a landlocked country in South America. It is bordered by Argentina to the south and southwest, Brazil to the east and northeast, and Bolivia to the northwest. Paraguay lies on both banks of the Paraguay River, which runs through the center of the...

    - José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
    José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia
    200px|right|thumb|José Gaspar Rodríguez de FranciaDr. José Gaspar Rodríguez de Francia y Velasco was the first leader of Paraguay following its independence from Spain...

    , Consul of Paraguay (1814–1840)
  • Peru
    Peru
    Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....

    - José de San Martin
    José de San Martín
    José Francisco de San Martín, known simply as Don José de San Martín , was an Argentine general and the prime leader of the southern part of South America's successful struggle for independence from Spain.Born in Yapeyú, Corrientes , he left his mother country at the...

    , Protector of Peru (1821–1822)
  • United States - James Monroe
    James Monroe
    James Monroe was the fifth President of the United States . Monroe was the last president who was a Founding Father of the United States, and the last president from the Virginia dynasty and the Republican Generation...

    , President of the United States
    President of the United States
    The President of the United States of America is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president leads the executive branch of the federal government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces....

     (1817–1825)

Asia

  • Afghanistan
    Afghanistan
    Afghanistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked country located in the centre of Asia, forming South Asia, Central Asia and the Middle East. With a population of about 29 million, it has an area of , making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world...

    -
    • Kabul/Peshawar - Ayub Shah, King of Afghanistan (1819–1823)
    • Kandahar - Shirdil Khan, Mohammedzay Regent (1818–1826)
    • Herat - Mahmud Shah
      Mahmud Shah Durrani
      Mahmud Shah Durrani was born Prince and ruler of the Durrani Empire between 1801 and 1803, and again between 1809 and 1818...

      , Padshah of Herat (1819–1826)
  • China (Qing Dynasty
    Qing Dynasty
    The Qing Dynasty was the last dynasty of China, ruling from 1644 to 1912 with a brief, abortive restoration in 1917. It was preceded by the Ming Dynasty and followed by the Republic of China....

    ) -
    1. Jiaqing, Emperor of China
      Emperor of China
      The Emperor of China refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning between the founding of Qin Dynasty of China, united by the King of Qin in 221 BCE, and the fall of Yuan Shikai's Empire of China in 1916. When referred to as the Son of Heaven , a title that predates the Qin unification, the...

       (1796–1820)
    2. Daoguang, Emperor of China
      Emperor of China
      The Emperor of China refers to any sovereign of Imperial China reigning between the founding of Qin Dynasty of China, united by the King of Qin in 221 BCE, and the fall of Yuan Shikai's Empire of China in 1916. When referred to as the Son of Heaven , a title that predates the Qin unification, the...

       (1821–1850)
  • Japan
    Empire of Japan
    The Empire of Japan is the name of the state of Japan that existed from the Meiji Restoration on 3 January 1868 to the enactment of the post-World War II Constitution of...

    • Monarch - Ninko, Emperor of Japan
      Emperor of Japan
      The Emperor of Japan is, according to the 1947 Constitution of Japan, "the symbol of the state and of the unity of the people." He is a ceremonial figurehead under a form of constitutional monarchy and is head of the Japanese Imperial Family with functions as head of state. He is also the highest...

       (1817–1846)
    • Shogun (Tokugawa
      Tokugawa shogunate
      The Tokugawa shogunate, also known as the and the , was a feudal regime of Japan established by Tokugawa Ieyasu and ruled by the shoguns of the Tokugawa family. This period is known as the Edo period and gets its name from the capital city, Edo, which is now called Tokyo, after the name was...

      ) - Tokugawa Ienari
      Tokugawa Ienari
      Tokugawa Ienari; 徳川 家斉 was the eleventh and longest serving shogun of the Tokugawa shogunate of Japan who held office from 1787 to 1837.-First wife:...

      , Shogun of Japan
      Shogun
      A was one of the hereditary military dictators of Japan from 1192 to 1867. In this period, the shoguns, or their shikken regents , were the de facto rulers of Japan though they were nominally appointed by the emperor...

       (1786–1837)
    • Ryūkyū Kingdom
      Ryukyu Kingdom
      The Ryūkyū Kingdom was an independent kingdom which ruled most of the Ryukyu Islands from the 15th century to the 19th century. The Kings of Ryūkyū unified Okinawa Island and extended the kingdom to the Amami Islands in modern-day Kagoshima Prefecture, and the Sakishima Islands near Taiwan...

       - Shō Kō
      Sho Ko
      ' was a king of the Ryūkyū Kingdom, who held the throne from 1804 to 1828, when he was forced to abdicate in favor of his son, Shō Iku...

      , King of Ryūkyū (1804–1828)
  • Korea
    Korea
    Korea ) is an East Asian geographic region that is currently divided into two separate sovereign states — North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by the People's Republic of China to the northwest, Russia to the northeast, and is separated from Japan to the...

    (Joseon Dynasty
    Joseon Dynasty
    Joseon , was a Korean state founded by Taejo Yi Seong-gye that lasted for approximately five centuries. It was founded in the aftermath of the overthrow of the Goryeo at what is today the city of Kaesong. Early on, Korea was retitled and the capital was relocated to modern-day Seoul...

    ) - Sunjo, King of Joseon (1800–1834)

Europe

  • Abkhazia
    Abkhazia
    Abkhazia is a disputed political entity on the eastern coast of the Black Sea and the south-western flank of the Caucasus.Abkhazia considers itself an independent state, called the Republic of Abkhazia or Apsny...

    -
    1. Safar Begi, Prince of Abkhazia (1810–1821)
    2. Dimitri, Prince of Abkhazia (1821–1822)
  • Andorra
    Andorra
    Andorra , officially the Principality of Andorra , also called the Principality of the Valleys of Andorra, , is a small landlocked country in southwestern Europe, located in the eastern Pyrenees mountains and bordered by Spain and France. It is the sixth smallest nation in Europe having an area of...

    -
    • Bernat Francés y Caballero, Bishop of Urgell (1817–1824)
    • Louis XVIII
      Louis XVIII of France
      Louis XVIII , known as "the Unavoidable", was King of France and of Navarre from 1814 to 1824, omitting the Hundred Days in 1815...

      , King of France (1815–1824)
  • Denmark
    • Monarch - Frederick VI
      Frederick VI of Denmark
      Frederick VI reigned as King of Denmark , and as king of Norway .-Regent of Denmark:Frederick's parents were King Christian VII and Caroline Matilda of Wales...

      , King of Denmark (1808–1839)
    • Prime Minister - Heinrich Ernst
      Heinrich Ernst
      Heinrich Ernst was a highly decorated Oberfeldwebel in the Wehrmacht during World War II. He was also a recipient of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross...

      , Minister of State of Denmark
      Prime Minister of Denmark
      The Prime Minister of Denmark is the head of government in Danish politics. The Prime Minister is traditionally the leader of a political coalition in the Folketing and presides over the cabinet....

       (1818–1824)
  • France
    Bourbon Restoration
    The Bourbon Restoration is the name given to the period following the successive events of the French Revolution , the end of the First Republic , and then the forcible end of the First French Empire under Napoleon  – when a coalition of European powers restored by arms the monarchy to the...

    -
    • Monarch - Louis XVIII
      Louis XVIII of France
      Louis XVIII , known as "the Unavoidable", was King of France and of Navarre from 1814 to 1824, omitting the Hundred Days in 1815...

      , King of France (1815–1824)
    • Prime Minister -
      1. Duc de Richelieu
        Armand-Emmanuel du Plessis, Duc de Richelieu
        Armand Emmanuel Sophie Septimanie de Vignerot du Plessis, 5th Duke of Richelieu was a prominent French statesman during the Bourbon Restoration...

        , Prime Minister of France
        Prime Minister of France
        The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...

         (1820–1821)
      2. Comte de Villèle
        Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph, comte de Villèle
        Jean-Baptiste Guillaume Joseph Marie Anne Séraphin, comte de Villèle , was a French statesman. Several time Prime minister, he was a leader of the Ultra-royalist faction during the Bourbon Restoration.- Youth :...

        , Prime Minister of France
        Prime Minister of France
        The Prime Minister of France in the Fifth Republic is the head of government and of the Council of Ministers of France. The head of state is the President of the French Republic...

         (1821–1828)
  • German Confederation
    German Confederation
    The German Confederation was the loose association of Central European states created by the Congress of Vienna in 1815 to coordinate the economies of separate German-speaking countries. It acted as a buffer between the powerful states of Austria and Prussia...

    • Austria
      Austrian Empire
      The Austrian Empire was a modern era successor empire, which was centered on what is today's Austria and which officially lasted from 1804 to 1867. It was followed by the Empire of Austria-Hungary, whose proclamation was a diplomatic move that elevated Hungary's status within the Austrian Empire...

      - Francis I
      Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
      Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz...

      , Emperor of Austria
      Emperor of Austria
      The Emperor of Austria was a hereditary imperial title and position proclaimed in 1804 by the Holy Roman Emperor Francis II, a member of the House of Habsburg-Lorraine, and continually held by him and his heirs until the last emperor relinquished power in 1918. The emperors retained the title of...

       (1792*-1835) *Note: Leader of Austria held the title of Archduke prior to 1804
      • Chancellor - Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich
        Klemens Wenzel von Metternich
        Prince Klemens Wenzel von Metternich was a German-born Austrian politician and statesman and was one of the most important diplomats of his era...

        , Chancellor of Austria (1821–1848)
    • Bohemia
      Kingdom of Bohemia
      The Kingdom of Bohemia was a country located in the region of Bohemia in Central Europe, most of whose territory is currently located in the modern-day Czech Republic. The King was Elector of Holy Roman Empire until its dissolution in 1806, whereupon it became part of the Austrian Empire, and...

      - Francis
      Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
      Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz...

      , King of Bohemia (1792–1835)
    • Prussia
      Kingdom of Prussia
      The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...

      -
      • Monarch - Friedrich Wilhelm III
        Frederick William III of Prussia
        Frederick William III was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel .-Early life:...

        , King of Prussia (1797–1840)
      • Chief Minister - Prince Karl August von Hardenberg
        Karl August von Hardenberg
        Karl August Fürst von Hardenberg was a Prussian statesman and Prime Minister of Prussia. While during his late career he acquiesced to reactionary policies, earlier in his career he implemented a variety of Liberal reforms...

        , Chief Minister of Prussia
        Prime Minister of Prussia
        The office of Minister President or Prime Minister of Prussia existed in one form or another from 1702 until the dissolution of Prussia in 1947. When Prussia was an independent kingdom the Minister President or Prime Minister functioned as the King's Chief Minister and presided over the Prussian...

         (1810–1822)
    • Bavaria
      Kingdom of Bavaria
      The Kingdom of Bavaria was a German state that existed from 1806 to 1918. The Bavarian Elector Maximilian IV Joseph of the House of Wittelsbach became the first King of Bavaria in 1806 as Maximilian I Joseph. The monarchy would remain held by the Wittelsbachs until the kingdom's dissolution in 1918...

      - Maximilian I, King of Bavaria
      King of Bavaria
      King of Bavaria was a title held by the hereditary Wittelsbach rulers of Bavaria in the state known as the Kingdom of Bavaria from 1805 until 1918, when the kingdom was abolished...

       (1799*-1825) *Note: Leader of Bavaria held title of Elector prior to 1805
    • Saxony
      Kingdom of Saxony
      The Kingdom of Saxony , lasting between 1806 and 1918, was an independent member of a number of historical confederacies in Napoleonic through post-Napoleonic Germany. From 1871 it was part of the German Empire. It became a Free state in the era of Weimar Republic in 1918 after the end of World War...

      - Frederick Augustus I
      Frederick Augustus I of Saxony
      Frederick Augustus I was King of Saxony from the House of Wettin. He was also Elector Frederick Augustus III of Saxony and Duke Frederick Augustus I of Warsaw...

      , King of Saxony 1763*-1827) *Note: Leader of Saxony held the title of Elector prior to 1806
    • Hanover
      Kingdom of Hanover
      The Kingdom of Hanover was established in October 1814 by the Congress of Vienna, with the restoration of George III to his Hanoverian territories after the Napoleonic era. It succeeded the former Electorate of Brunswick-Lüneburg , and joined with 38 other sovereign states in the German...

      - George IV
      George IV of the United Kingdom
      George IV was the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and also of Hanover from the death of his father, George III, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later...

      , King of Hanover (1820–1830)
    • Württemberg
      Württemberg
      Württemberg , formerly known as Wirtemberg or Wurtemberg, is an area and a former state in southwestern Germany, including parts of the regions Swabia and Franconia....

      - William
      William I of Württemberg
      William I was the second King of Württemberg from October 30, 1816 until his death.He was born in Lüben, the son of King Frederick I of Württemberg and his wife Duchess Augusta of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel .-First marriage:...

      , King of Württemberg (1816–1864)
    • Luxembourg
      Luxembourg
      Luxembourg , officially the Grand Duchy of Luxembourg , is a landlocked country in western Europe, bordered by Belgium, France, and Germany. It has two principal regions: the Oesling in the North as part of the Ardennes massif, and the Gutland in the south...

      - William I
      William I of the Netherlands
      William I Frederick, born Willem Frederik Prins van Oranje-Nassau , was a Prince of Orange and the first King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg....

      , Grand Duke of Luxembourg
      Grand Duke of Luxembourg
      The Grand Duke of Luxembourg is the sovereign monarch and head of state of Luxembourg. Luxembourg has been a grand duchy since 15 March 1815, when it was elevated from a duchy when placed in personal union with the United Kingdom of the Netherlands...

       (1815–1840)
    • Liechtenstein
      Liechtenstein
      The Principality of Liechtenstein is a doubly landlocked alpine country in Central Europe, bordered by Switzerland to the west and south and by Austria to the east. Its area is just over , and it has an estimated population of 35,000. Its capital is Vaduz. The biggest town is Schaan...

      - Johann Josef I, Prince of Liechtenstein (1805–1836)
  • Hungary
    Kingdom of Hungary
    The Kingdom of Hungary comprised present-day Hungary, Slovakia and Croatia , Transylvania , Carpatho Ruthenia , Vojvodina , Burgenland , and other smaller territories surrounding present-day Hungary's borders...

    - Francis
    Francis II, Holy Roman Emperor
    Francis II was the last Holy Roman Emperor, ruling from 1792 until 6 August 1806, when he dissolved the Empire after the disastrous defeat of the Third Coalition by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz...

    , King of Hungary
    King of Hungary
    The King of Hungary was the head of state of the Kingdom of Hungary from 1000 to 1918.The style of title "Apostolic King" was confirmed by Pope Clement XIII in 1758 and used afterwards by all the Kings of Hungary, so after this date the kings are referred to as "Apostolic King of...

     (1792–1835)
  • Moldavia
    Moldavia
    Moldavia is a geographic and historical region and former principality in Eastern Europe, corresponding to the territory between the Eastern Carpathians and the Dniester river...

    -
    1. Mihai Grigore Suţu, Prince of Moldavia (1819–1821)
    2. Veniamin Costache, provisoral ruler (1821)
    3. Alexander Ypsilantis
      Alexander Ypsilantis (1792-1828)
      Alexander Ypsilantis, Ypsilanti, or Alexandros Ypsilantis was a member of a prominent Phanariot Greek family, a prince of the Danubian Principalities, a senior officer of the Imperial Russian cavalry during the Napoleonic Wars, and a leader of the Filiki Eteria, a secret organization that...

       and the Filiki Eteria
      Filiki Eteria
      thumb|right|200px|The flag of the Filiki Eteria.Filiki Eteria or Society of Friends was a secret 19th century organization, whose purpose was to overthrow Ottoman rule over Greece and to establish an independent Greek state. Society members were mainly young Phanariot Greeks from Russia and local...

       occupation (1821)
    4. Ştefan Vogoride, Caimacam (1821–1822)
  • Moresnet
    Moresnet
    Neutral Moresnet was a tiny Belgian-Prussian condominium that existed from 1816 to 1920 between present-day Belgium and Germany. Prior to Belgian independence in 1830, the territory was a Dutch-Prussian condominium...

    • Monarchs -
      • William I
        William I of the Netherlands
        William I Frederick, born Willem Frederik Prins van Oranje-Nassau , was a Prince of Orange and the first King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg....

        , King of the Netherlands (1815–1840)
      • Friedrich Wilhelm III
        Frederick William III of Prussia
        Frederick William III was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel .-Early life:...

        , King of Prussia (1797–1840)
    • Mayor - Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx
      Arnold Timothée de Lasaulx
      Arnold Timothée Albert Francois Joseph de Lasaulx was Mayor of Neutral Moresnet from 1817 until 1859.-Life:Lasaulx was born at Castle Alensberg, the son of Pierre-Olivier-Albert-Georges-Joseph de Lasaulx and Marie-Anne-Emérantiane-Josèphe de Mylius.He married Anne-Dorothée-Antoinette-Joséphine de...

      , Mayor of Moresnet (1817–1859)
  • United Kingdom of the Netherlands
    United Kingdom of the Netherlands
    United Kingdom of the Netherlands is the unofficial name used to refer to Kingdom of the Netherlands during the period after it was first created from part of the First French Empire and before the new kingdom of Belgium split out in 1830...

    - William I
    William I of the Netherlands
    William I Frederick, born Willem Frederik Prins van Oranje-Nassau , was a Prince of Orange and the first King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg....

    , King of the Netherlands (1815–1840)
  • Ottoman Empire
    Ottoman Empire
    The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...

    • Monarch - Mahmud II
      Mahmud II
      Mahmud II was the 30th Sultan of the Ottoman Empire from 1808 until his death in 1839. He was born in the Topkapi Palace, Istanbul, the son of Sultan Abdulhamid I...

      , Sultan of the Ottoman Empire (1808–1839)
    • Grand Vizier -
      1. Seyyid Ali Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1820–1821)
      2. Benderli Ali Pasha
        Benderli Ali Pasha
        Benderli Ali Pasha was an Ottoman statesman. He was Grand Vizier of the Ottoman Empire.He ruled from 23 March 1821 to 30 April 1821 as Grand Vizier of sultan Mahmud II He came to Constantinople on 21 April 1828 and actually only nine days in power....

        , Ottoman Grand Vizier (1821)
      3. Haci Salih Pasha, Ottoman Grand Vizier (1821–1822)
  • Portugal
    Kingdom of Portugal
    The Kingdom of Portugal was Portugal's general designation under the monarchy. The kingdom was located in the west of the Iberian Peninsula, Europe and existed from 1139 to 1910...

    - John VI
    John VI of Portugal
    John VI John VI John VI (full name: João Maria José Francisco Xavier de Paula Luís António Domingos Rafael; (13 May 1767 – 10 March 1826) was King of the United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarves (later changed to just King of Portugal and the Algarves, after Brazil was recognized...

    , King of Portugal (1816–1826)
  • Prussia
    Kingdom of Prussia
    The Kingdom of Prussia was a German kingdom from 1701 to 1918. Until the defeat of Germany in World War I, it comprised almost two-thirds of the area of the German Empire...

    -
    • Monarch - Friedrich Wilhelm III
      Frederick William III of Prussia
      Frederick William III was king of Prussia from 1797 to 1840. He was in personal union the sovereign prince of the Principality of Neuchâtel .-Early life:...

      , King of Prussia (1797–1840)
    • Chief Minister - Karl August von Hardenberg
      Karl August von Hardenberg
      Karl August Fürst von Hardenberg was a Prussian statesman and Prime Minister of Prussia. While during his late career he acquiesced to reactionary policies, earlier in his career he implemented a variety of Liberal reforms...

      , Chancellor of Prussia (1810–1822)
  • Russia
    Russian Empire
    The Russian Empire was a state that existed from 1721 until the Russian Revolution of 1917. It was the successor to the Tsardom of Russia and the predecessor of the Soviet Union...

    - Alexander I
    Alexander I of Russia
    Alexander I of Russia , served as Emperor of Russia from 23 March 1801 to 1 December 1825 and the first Russian King of Poland from 1815 to 1825. He was also the first Russian Grand Duke of Finland and Lithuania....

    , Tsar of Russia (1801–1825)
  • Spain - Ferdinand VII, King of Spain (1808, 1814–1833)
  • Sweden - United Kingdoms of Sweden and Norway - Charles XIV John
    Charles XIV John of Sweden
    Charles XIV & III John, also Carl John, Swedish and Norwegian: Karl Johan was King of Sweden and King of Norway from 1818 until his death...

    , King of Sweden (1818–1844)
  • Tuscany
    Grand Duchy of Tuscany
    The Grand Duchy of Tuscany was a central Italian monarchy that existed, with interruptions, from 1569 to 1859, replacing the Duchy of Florence. The grand duchy's capital was Florence...

    - Ferdinand III
    Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany
    Ferdinand III, Grand Duke of Tuscany was Grand Duke of Tuscany from 1790 to 1801 and, after a period of disenfranchisement, again from 1814 to 1824. He was also the Prince-elector and Grand Duke of Salzburg and Grand Duke of Würzburg .-Biography:Ferdinand was born in Florence, Tuscany, into the...

    , Grand Duke of Tuscany (1814–1824)
  • Two Sicilies - Ferdinand I
    Ferdinand I of the Two Sicilies
    Ferdinand I reigned variously over Naples, Sicily, and the Two Sicilies from 1759 until his death. He was the third son of King Charles III of Spain by his wife Maria Amalia of Saxony. On 10 August 1759, Charles succeeded his elder brother, Ferdinand VI, as King Charles III of Spain...

    , King of the Two Sicilies (1816–1825)
  • United Kingdom
    United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland
    The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was the formal name of the United Kingdom during the period when what is now the Republic of Ireland formed a part of it....

    • Monarch - George IV
      George IV of the United Kingdom
      George IV was the King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and also of Hanover from the death of his father, George III, on 29 January 1820 until his own death ten years later...

      , King of the United Kingdom (1820–1830)
    • Prime Minister - Robert Banks Jenkinson, 2nd Earl of Liverpool, Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
      Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
      The Prime Minister of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland is the Head of Her Majesty's Government in the United Kingdom. The Prime Minister and Cabinet are collectively accountable for their policies and actions to the Sovereign, to Parliament, to their political party and...

       (1812–1827)
  • Wallachia
    Wallachia
    Wallachia or Walachia is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians...

    -
    1. Alexandru Suţu, Prince of Wallachia (1818–1821)
    2. Tudor Vladimirescu
      Tudor Vladimirescu
      Tudor Vladimirescu was a Wallachian Romanian revolutionary hero, the leader of the Wallachian uprising of 1821 and of the Pandur militia. He is also known as Tudor din Vladimiri or — occasionally — as Domnul Tudor .-Background:Tudor was born in Vladimiri, Gorj County in a family of landed peasants...

      , military ruler (1821)
    3. Scarlat Callimachi, Prince of Wallachia (1821)

Middle East and North Africa

  • Abu Dhabi
    Abu Dhabi
    Abu Dhabi , literally Father of Gazelle, is the capital and the second largest city of the United Arab Emirates in terms of population and the largest of the seven member emirates of the United Arab Emirates. Abu Dhabi lies on a T-shaped island jutting into the Persian Gulf from the central western...

    -
    • Co-Shaikh - Shakhbut bin Dhiyab
      Shakhbut bin Dhiyab
      Shakhbut bin Dhiyab was the Sheikh of Abu Dhabi .Shakbut's father, Dhiyab bin Isa, had sent a hunting party from Liwa in 1761 which tracked a gazelle to a brackish spring on the island. Dhiyab ordered Shakbut to move to the island in 1793; he did, and built a village and fort there. The fort, Al...

      , Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1818–1833)
    • Co-Shaikh - Tahnun bin Shakhbut
      Tahnun bin Shakhbut
      Tahnun bin Shakhbut was Shaikh of Abu Dhabi from 1818-1833. He was killed in a coup....

      , Shaikh of Abu Dhabi (1818–1833)
  • Ajman
    Ajman
    Ajman , also spelt Ujman, is one of the seven emirates constituting the United Arab Emirates . With an area of just 260 square kilometres , Ajman is the smallest emirate by area...

    - Rashid bin Humayd
    Rashid bin Humayd
    Rashid bin Humayd was the Shaikh of Ajman from 1816 until 1838....

    , Shaikh of Ajman (1816–1838)
  • Bahrain
    Bahrain
    ' , officially the Kingdom of Bahrain , is a small island state near the western shores of the Persian Gulf. It is ruled by the Al Khalifa royal family. The population in 2010 stood at 1,214,705, including 235,108 non-nationals. Formerly an emirate, Bahrain was declared a kingdom in 2002.Bahrain is...

    - Shiekh Sulman ibn Ahmad Al Khalifah, Ruler of Bahrain (1796–1825)
  • Egypt
    Egypt
    Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt, Arabic: , is a country mainly in North Africa, with the Sinai Peninsula forming a land bridge in Southwest Asia. Egypt is thus a transcontinental country, and a major power in Africa, the Mediterranean Basin, the Middle East and the Muslim world...

    - Muhammad Ali Pasha, Governor of Egypt (1805–1848)
    • Kel Ahaggar
      Kel Ahaggar
      Kel Ahaggar is a Tuareg confederation in the Ahaggar Mountains in Algeria. The confederation is believed to have been founded by Tin Hinan, with the "official" founding being around 1750...

      - Ag Mama ag Sidi, Ruler of Kel Ahaggar (1790–1830)
  • Kuwait
    Kuwait
    The State of Kuwait is a sovereign Arab state situated in the north-east of the Arabian Peninsula in Western Asia. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the south at Khafji, and Iraq to the north at Basra. It lies on the north-western shore of the Persian Gulf. The name Kuwait is derived from the...

    - Sheikh Jabir ibn Abdullah Al Sabah, Ruler of Kuwait (1814–1859)
  • Morocco
    Morocco
    Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country located in North Africa. It has a population of more than 32 million and an area of 710,850 km², and also primarily administers the disputed region of the Western Sahara...

    - Slimane
    Slimane of Morocco
    Mulay Slimane or Suleiman was the Sultan of Morocco from 1792 to 1822. Slimane was one of five sons of Mohammed III who fought a civil war for control of the kingdom. Slimane emerged victorious in 1795, and the country remained largely passive for the subsequent decades of his rule...

    , Sultan of Morocco (1792–1822)
  • Oman
    Oman
    Oman , officially called the Sultanate of Oman , is an Arab state in southwest Asia on the southeast coast of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by the United Arab Emirates to the northwest, Saudi Arabia to the west, and Yemen to the southwest. The coast is formed by the Arabian Sea on the...

    - Sa'id II ibn Sultan, Sultan of Oman (1804–1856)
  • Persia - Fat′h Ali Shah Qajar, Shah of Persia (1797–1834)
  • Tunis
    Tunisia
    Tunisia , officially the Tunisian RepublicThe long name of Tunisia in other languages used in the country is: , is the northernmost country in Africa. It is a Maghreb country and is bordered by Algeria to the west, Libya to the southeast, and the Mediterranean Sea to the north and east. Its area...

    (under Ottoman
    Ottoman Empire
    The Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...

     suzerainty)
    - Mahmud, Bey of Tunis (1814–1824)
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