The following is a list of kings and queens of Main Dynasties of Greater Iran, which includes all of the empires ruling over geographical Greater Iran

Greater Iran

Greater Iran refers to the regions that have significant Iranian cultural influence. It roughly corresponds to the territory on the Iranian plateau and its bordering plains, stretching from Iraq, the Caucasus, and Turkey in the west to the Indus River in the east...

 and their rulers.
For more comprehensive lists of kings, queens, sub-kings and sub-queens of Iran please see:

• List of rulers of Pre-Achaemenid kingdoms of Iran
• List of rulers of Elam
• List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms
• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Ancient Empires, c. 2700-550 BC

For more comprehensive lists of kings, queens, sub-kings and sub-queens of this Era see:

• List of rulers of Pre-Achaemenid kingdoms of Iran
• List of rulers of Elam

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Aratta Aratta Aratta is a land that appears in Sumerian myths surrounding Enmerkar and Lugalbanda, two early and possibly mythical kings of Uruk also mentioned on the Sumerian king list.-Role in Sumerian literature:Aratta is described as follows in Sumerian literature:...  kingdom, c.2700BC
1	In-Su-Kush-Siranna				? - ?	c. 2700 BC	c. 2700 BC	?	contemporary with Enmerkar Enmerkar Enmerkar, according to the Sumerian king list, was the builder of Uruk in Sumer, and was said to have reigned for "420 years" ....  king of Uruk Uruk Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the Euphrates River, some 30 km east of modern As-Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq.Uruk gave its name to the Uruk...
Early Elamite kings, c. 2700- c. 2600 BC
2	Humbaba Humbaba In Akkadian mythology Humbaba or Huwawa , also Humbaba the Terrible was a monstrous giant of immemorial age raised by Utu, the Sun...				? - c. 2680 BC	c. 2700 BC	c. 2680 BC	?	contemporary with Gilgamesh Gilgamesh Gilgamesh was the fifth king of Uruk, modern day Iraq , placing his reign ca. 2500 BC. According to the Sumerian king list he reigned for 126 years. In the Tummal Inscription, Gilgamesh, and his son Urlugal, rebuilt the sanctuary of the goddess Ninlil, in Tummal, a sacred quarter in her city of...  king of Uruk Uruk Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the Euphrates River, some 30 km east of modern As-Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq.Uruk gave its name to the Uruk...
3	Humban-Shutur (or Khumbastir)				? - ?	?	?	?
First Awan dynasty Awan dynasty The Awan Dynasty was the first dynasty of Elam of which anything is known today, appearing at the dawn of historical record. The Elamites were likely major rivals of neighboring Sumer from remotest antiquity; they were said to have been defeated by Enmebaragesi of Kish The Awan Dynasty was the... , c. 2600-2550 BC
4	The unnamed King of Awan			King of Awan	? - ?	c. 2580 BC	?	?	contemporary with Ur-Nungal king of Uruk Uruk Uruk was an ancient city of Sumer and later Babylonia, situated east of the present bed of the Euphrates river, on the ancient dry former channel of the Euphrates River, some 30 km east of modern As-Samawah, Al-Muthannā, Iraq.Uruk gave its name to the Uruk...
5	...Lu			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
6	Kur-Ishshak			King of Awan	? - ?	?	c. 2550 BC	?	36 years. contemporary with Lugal-Anne-Mundu Lugal-Anne-Mundu Lugal-Anne-Mundu was the most important king of the city-state Adab in Sumer. The Sumerian king list claims he reigned for 90 years, following the defeat of Meskiaj-nanna of Ur...  king of Adab & Ur-Nanshe Ur-Nanshe Ur-Nanshe was the first king of the dynasty of Lagash, probably in the first half of the 24th century BC .He ascended after Lugal-Sha-Gen-Sur , who was the ensi, or high priest....  king of Lagash Lagash Lagash is located northwest of the junction of the Euphrates and Tigris rivers and east of Uruk, about east of the modern town of Ash Shatrah. Lagash was one of the oldest cities of the Ancient Near East...
Second Awan dynasty Awan dynasty The Awan Dynasty was the first dynasty of Elam of which anything is known today, appearing at the dawn of historical record. The Elamites were likely major rivals of neighboring Sumer from remotest antiquity; they were said to have been defeated by Enmebaragesi of Kish The Awan Dynasty was the... , c. 2550-2270 BC
7	Peli			King of Awan	? - ?	c. 2500 BC	?	?
8	Tata I			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
9	Ukku-Tanhish			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
10	Hishutash			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
11	Shushun-Tarana			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
12	Napi-Ilhush			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
13	Kikku-Siwe-Temti			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
14	Hishep-Ratep I			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
15	Luh-Ishshan			King of Awan	? -c. 2325 BC	?	c. 2325 BC	Son of Hishep-Ratep I
16	Hishep-Ratep II			King of Awan	? - ?	c. 2325 BC	?	Son of Luh-Ishshan
17	Emahsini			King of Awan	? - 2311 BC	c. 2315 BC	2311 BC
18	Helu			King of Awan	? - ?	?	?	?
19	Hita			King of Awan	? - ?	c. 2270 BC	c. 2270 BC	?	contemporary of Naram-Sin king of Akkad Akkad The Akkadian Empire was an empire centered in the city of Akkad and its surrounding region in Mesopotamia....
Kuti kingdom, c.2256–c.2120 BC
20	Erridupizir Erridupizir Erridupizir was a Gutian ruler in Sumer from ca. 2141 BC to 2138 BC . His reign is attested by a royal inscription at Nippur where he calls himself "King of Guti, King of the Four Quarters."-See also:*Chronology of the ancient Near East...			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2256 BC	c.2251 BC	?
21	Imta Imta Imta or Nibia was a Gutian ruler in Sumer from ca. 2138 BC to 2135 BC .-See also:*Chronology of the ancient Near East*Sumerian king list*Gutian dynasty of Sumer...  or Nibia			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2250 BC	c.2246 BC	?
22	Inkishush Inkishush Inkishush or Inkicuc was a Gutian ruler in Sumer from ca. 2135 BC to 2129 BC. Inkishush is the first Gutian ruler mentioned in the Sumerian King List.-See also:*Chronology of the ancient Near East*Sumerian king list...			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2245 BC	c.2240 BC	?
23	Zarlagab			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2239 BC	c.2234 BC	?
24	Shulme Shulme Shulme was a Gutian ruler in Sumer from ca. 2126 BC to 2120 BC.-See also:*Chronology of the ancient Near East*Sumerian king list*Gutian dynasty of Sumer...			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2233 BC	c.2228 BC	?
25	Elulmesh or Silulumesh			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2227 BC	c.2222 BC	?
26	Duga			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2221 BC	c.2216 BC	?
27	Iluan			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2215 BC	c.2213 BC	?
28	Inimabakesh			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2212 BC	c.2208 BC	?
29	Inkishush Inkishush Inkishush or Inkicuc was a Gutian ruler in Sumer from ca. 2135 BC to 2129 BC. Inkishush is the first Gutian ruler mentioned in the Sumerian King List.-See also:*Chronology of the ancient Near East*Sumerian king list...			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2207 BC	c.2202 BC	?
30	Yarlagab Yarlagab Yarlagab was a Gutian ruler of Sumer.Yarlagab was preceded by Ilu-An and succeeded by Ibate....			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2201 BC	c.2187 BC	?
31	Ibate			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2186 BC	c.2184 BC	?
32	Yarlagab Yarlagab Yarlagab was a Gutian ruler of Sumer.Yarlagab was preceded by Ilu-An and succeeded by Ibate....  or Yarla			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2183 BC	c.2181 BC	?
33	Kurum			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2180 BC	c.2180 BC	?
34	Apilkin			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2179 BC	c.2177 BC	?
35	La-erabum			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2176 BC	c.2175 BC	?
36	Irarum			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2174 BC	c.2173 BC	?
37	Ibranum			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2172 BC	c.2172 BC	?
38	Hablum			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2171 BC	c.2170 BC	?
39	Puzur-Suen			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2169 BC	c.2163 BC	?
40	Yarlaganda Yarlaganda Yarlaganda , and was a Gutian.He was preceded by Puzur-Suen and succeeded by Si-Um....			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2162 BC	c.2156 BC	?
41	Si'um or Si'u			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2155 BC	c.2121 BC	?
42	Tirigan			King of Kutians	? - ?	c.2120 BC	c.2120 BC	?	40 days
Third Awan dynasty Awan dynasty The Awan Dynasty was the first dynasty of Elam of which anything is known today, appearing at the dawn of historical record. The Elamites were likely major rivals of neighboring Sumer from remotest antiquity; they were said to have been defeated by Enmebaragesi of Kish The Awan Dynasty was the... , c. 2100 BC
43	Kutik-Inshushinak Kutik-Inshushinak Kutik-Inshushinak was king of Elam from about 2240 to 2220 BC , and the last from the Awan dynasty....			King of Awan	? - ?	c. 2100 BC	c. 2100 BC	son of Shinpi-hish-huk	contemporary of Ur-Nammu Ur-Nammu Ur-Nammu founded the Sumerian 3rd dynasty of Ur, in southern Mesopotamia, following several centuries of Akkadian and Gutian rule...  king of Ur Ur Ur was an important city-state in ancient Sumer located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate... . Susa Susa Susa was an ancient city of the Elamite, Persian and Parthian empires of Iran. It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about east of the Tigris River, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers....  conquered by Ur Ur Ur was an important city-state in ancient Sumer located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate...  troops in 2078 and 2016 BC. After him, kings of Simashki took the leadership of Elam.
Simashki dynasty, c. 2070- c. 1975 BC
44	Gir-Namme I			king of Simashki	? - ?	?	?	?
45	Tazitta I			king of Simashki	? - ?	c. 2040 BC	c. 2037 BC	?
46	Eparti I			king of Simashki	? - ?	?	c. 2033 BC	?
47	Gir-Namme II			king of Simashki	? - ?	c. 2033 BC	?	?
48	Tazitta II			king of Simashki	? - ?	?	?	?
49	Lurak-Luhhan			king of Simashki	? - 2022 BC	c. 2028 BC	2022 BC	?
50	Hutran-Temti			king of Simashki	? - ?	?	?	?
51	Indattu-Inshushinak I			king of Simashki	? - 2016 BC	?	2016 BC	son of Hutran-Temti
52	Kindattu			king of Simashki	? - ?	before 2006 BC	after 2005 BC	son of Tan-Ruhuratir	conqueror of Ur Ur Ur was an important city-state in ancient Sumer located at the site of modern Tell el-Muqayyar in Iraq's Dhi Qar Governorate...
53	Indattu-Inshushinak II			king of Simashki	? - ?	c. 1980 BC	?	son of Pepi	cont. Shu-ilishu king of Isin Isin Isin was an ancient city-state of lower Mesopotamia about 20 miles south of Nippur at the site of modern Ishan al-Bahriyat in Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate.-History:...  & Bilalama king of Eshnunna Eshnunna Eshnunna was an ancient Sumerian city and city-state in central Mesopotamia. Although situated in the Diyala Valley north-east of Sumer proper, the city nonetheless belonged securely within the Sumerian cultural milieu.The tutelary deity of the city was Tishpak .- History :Occupied from the Jemdet...
55	Tan-Ruhuratir I			king of Simashki	? - ?	c. 1965 BC	?	son of Indattu-Inshushinnak II	cont. Iddin-Dagan king of Isin Isin Isin was an ancient city-state of lower Mesopotamia about 20 miles south of Nippur at the site of modern Ishan al-Bahriyat in Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate.-History:...
56	Indattu-Inshushinak III			king of Simashki	? - ?	?	?	son of Tan-Ruhuratir I	more than 3 years
Epartid dynasty, c. 1975- c. 1500 BC
54	Eparti II			king of Simashki, king of Anshan & Susa, Sukkalmah	? - ?	c. 1973 BC	?	Married with a daughter of Iddin-Dagan king of Isin Isin Isin was an ancient city-state of lower Mesopotamia about 20 miles south of Nippur at the site of modern Ishan al-Bahriyat in Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate.-History:...  in 1973 BC.	cont. Iddin-Dagan king of Isin Isin Isin was an ancient city-state of lower Mesopotamia about 20 miles south of Nippur at the site of modern Ishan al-Bahriyat in Iraq's Al-Qādisiyyah Governorate.-History:...
57	Shilhaha			king of Anshan & Susa, Sukkalmah	? - ?	?	?	son of Eparti II
58	Kuk-Nashur I			Sukkalmah	? - ?	?	?	son (ruhushak) of Shilhaha
59	Atta-hushu			Sukkal and Ippir of Susa, Shepherd of the people of Susa Susa Susa was an ancient city of the Elamite, Persian and Parthian empires of Iran. It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about east of the Tigris River, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers.... , Shepherd of Inshushinak	? - after 1894 BC	?1928 BC	after 1894 BC	son of Kuk-Nashur I (?)
60	Tetep-Mada			Shepherd of the people of Susa Susa Susa was an ancient city of the Elamite, Persian and Parthian empires of Iran. It is located in the lower Zagros Mountains about east of the Tigris River, between the Karkheh and Dez Rivers....	? - ?	after c. 1890 BC	?	son of Kuk-Nashur I (?)
61	Palar-Ishshan			Sukkalmah	? - ?	?	?	?
62	Kuk-Sanit				? - ?	?	?	son of Palar-Ishshan (?)
63	Kuk-Kirwash			Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam and Simashki and Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Lan-Kuku & nephew of Palar-Ishshan
64	Tem-Sanit				? - ?	?	?	son of Kuk-Kirwash
65	Kuk-Nahhunte				? - ?	?	?	son of Kuk-Kirwash
66	Kuk-Nashur II			Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam, Sukkal of Elam and Simashki and Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Kuk-Nahhunte (?)
67	Shirukduh			Sukkalmah	? - ?	c. 1790 BC	?	?	cont. Shamshi-Adad I Shamshi-Adad I Shamshi-Adad I Shamshi-Adad I Shamshi-Adad I (fl. late 18th century BC (short chronology) was an Assyrian king. He rose to prominence when he carved out an empire encompassing much of Mesopotamia, Syria and Asia Minor...  king of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur...
68	Shimut-Wartash I				? - ?	?	?	son of Shirukduh
69	Siwe-Palar-Hupak			Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Susa, Prince of Elam	? - ?	before 1765 BC	after 1765 BC	son of Shirukduh
70	Kuduzulush I			Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Shirukduh
71	Kutir-Nahhunte I			Sukkalmah	? - ?	c. 1710 BC	?	son of Kuduzulush I
72	Atta-Merra-Halki				? - ?	?	?	son of Kuduzulush I (?)
73	Tata II			Sukkal	? - ?	?	?	brother of Atta-Merra-Halki
74	Lila-Irtash				? - ?	?	?	son of Kuduzulush I
75	Temti-Agun			Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Kutir-Nahhunte I
76	Kutir-Shilhaha			Sukkalmah, Sukkal	? - ?	?	?	son of Temti-Agun
77	Kuk-Nashur III			Sukkal of Elam, Sukkal of Susa	? - ?	before 1646 BC	after 1646 BC	son of Kutir-Shilhaha
78	Temti-Raptash				? - ?	?	?	son of Kutir-Shilhaha
79	Shimut-Wartash II				? - ?	?	?	son of Kuk-Nashur III
80	Shirtuh			King of Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Kuk-Nashur III
81	Kuduzulush II			Sukkalmah, King of Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Shimut-Wartash II
82	Tan-Uli			Sukkalmah, Sukkal	? - ?	?	?	?
83	Temti-Halki			Sukkalmah, Sukkal of Elam and Simashki and Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Tan-Uli
84	Kuk-Nashur IV			Sukkalmah	? - ?	?	?	son of Tan-Uli
85	Kutik-Matlat				? - ?	c. 1500 BC	?	son of Tan-Uli
Kidinuid dynasty, c. 1500- c. 1370 BC
86	Kidinu			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	15th century BC	?	?
87	Inshushinak-Sunkir-Nappipir			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	?
88	Tan-Ruhuratir II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	15th century BC	?	?
89	Shalla			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	?
94	Temti-Ahar			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	c. 1370 BC	?	?	cont. Kadashman-Enlil I Kadashman-Enlil I Kadašman-Enlil ITypically rendered mka-dáš-man-dEN.LÍL in contemporary inscriptions. was a Kassite King of Babylon from ca. 1374 BC to 1360 BC , perhaps the 18th of the dynasty. He is known to have been a contemporary of Amenhotep III of Egypt, with whom he corresponded...  Kassite Kassites The Kassites were an ancient Near Eastern people who gained control of Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire after ca. 1531 BC to ca. 1155 BC...  king of Babylon Babylon Babylon was an Akkadian city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad...
Igehalkid dynasty, c. 1400 – c. 1200 BC
90	Pahir-Ishshan I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	c. 1390 BC	?	son of Ige-Halki	cont. Kurigalzu I Kurigalzu I Kurigalzu I , the seventeenth king of the Kassite dynasty that ruled over Babylon, was responsible for one of the most extensive and widespread building programs for which evidence has survived in Babylonia. The autobiography of Kurigalzu is one of the inscriptions which record that he was the son...  Kassite Kassites The Kassites were an ancient Near Eastern people who gained control of Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire after ca. 1531 BC to ca. 1155 BC...  king of Babylon Babylon Babylon was an Akkadian city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad...
91	Kidin-Hutran I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Pahir-Ishshan I
92	Attar-Kittah II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Ige-Halki
93	Humban-Numena I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	c. 1370 BC	?	son of Attar-Kittah II	cont. Burna-Buriash II Kassite Kassites The Kassites were an ancient Near Eastern people who gained control of Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire after ca. 1531 BC to ca. 1155 BC...  king of Babylon Babylon Babylon was an Akkadian city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad...
95	Untash-Napirisha Untash-Napirisha Untash-Napirisha was king of Elam from about 1275 to 1240 BC.He was the son of the previous king, Khumban-Numena. His original name was 'Untash-Khumban', but out of respect, he later changed the last half of his name to napirisha...  or Untash-Humban			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	c. 1340 BC	?	son of Humban-Numena I
96	Kidin-Hutran II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Untash-Naprisha
97	Napirisha-Untash or Humban-Untash			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Kidin-Hutran II
98	Pahir-Ishshan II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	?
99	Unpatar-Napirisha or Unpatar-Humban			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Pahir-Ishshan II
100	Kidin-Hutran III			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	c. 1224 BC	c. 1217 BC	son of Pahir-Ishshan II	cont. Enlil-nadin-shumi & Adad-shuma-iddina Kassite Kassites The Kassites were an ancient Near Eastern people who gained control of Babylonia after the fall of the Old Babylonian Empire after ca. 1531 BC to ca. 1155 BC...  kings of Babylon Babylon Babylon was an Akkadian city-state of ancient Mesopotamia, the remains of which are found in present-day Al Hillah, Babil Province, Iraq, about 85 kilometers south of Baghdad...
Shutrukid dynasty, c. 1200 – c. 970 BC
101	Hallutush-Inshushinak			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	c. 1200 BC	?	?
102	Shutruk-Nahhunte I Shutruk-Nakhunte Shutruk-Nakhunte was king of Elam from about 1185 to 1155 BC , and the second king of the Shutrukid Dynasty.Elam amassed an empire that included most of Mesopotamia and western Iran....			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	before c. 1158 BC	after c. 1158 BC	son of Hallutush-Inshushinak
103	Kutir-Nahhunte II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	before c. 1155 BC	after c. 1155 BC	son of Shutruk-Nahhunte I
104	Shilhak-Inshushinak I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	son of Shutruk-Nahhunte I
105	Hutelutush-Inshushinak			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	before c. 1110 BC	after c. 1110 BC	son of Kutir-Nahhunte II
106	Shilhina-Hamru-Lakamar			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	after 1110 BC	?	son of Shilhak-Inshushinak I
107	Humban-Numena II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	early 11th century BC	?	?
108	Shutruk-Nahhunte II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	middle of 11th century BC	?	son of Humban-Numena II
109	Shutur-Nahhunte I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	middle of 11th century BC	?	son of Humban-Numena II
110	Mar-biti-apla-usur			"son" of Elam	? - ?	before 983 BC	after 978 BC	?
?	Akshir-Shimut			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	?
?	Akshir-Nahhunte			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	?	?	?
?	Kara-Indash			king of Elam	? - ?	?	?	?
Humban-Tahrid (Neo-Elamite) dynasty, c. 830– c. 640 BC
114	The unnamed king of Elam			king of Elam	? - ?	before c. 821 BC	after c. 821 BC	?	cont. Shamshi-Adad V Shamshi-Adad V Shamshi-Adad V was the King of Assyria from 824 to 811 BC.-Biography:He was the son and successor of Shalmaneser III, the husband of Shammuramat , and the father of Adad-nirari III, who succeeded him as king....  king of Assyria Assyria Assyria was a Semitic Akkadian kingdom, extant as a nation state from the mid–23rd century BC to 608 BC centred on the Upper Tigris river, in northern Mesopotamia , that came to rule regional empires a number of times through history. It was named for its original capital, the ancient city of Assur...
115	Humban-Tahrah I			king of Elam	? - 743 BC	?	743 BC	?
116	Humban-Nikash I			king of Elam	? - 717 BC	743 BC	717 BC	son of Humban-Tahrah I
117	Shutur-Nahhunte II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - 699 BC	717 BC	699 BC	son (Ruhushak) of Humban-Nikash I
118	Hallushu-Inshushinak			king of Anshan & Susa	? - oct. 693 BC	699 BC	oct. 693 BC	brother of Shutur-Nahhunte II
119	Kutir-Nahhunte III			king of Anshan & Susa	? - July 692 BC	oct. 693 BC	July 692 BC	son of Hallushu-Inshushinak
120	Humban-Numena III			king of Anshan & Susa	? - feb. 688 BC	July 692 BC	feb. 688 BC	son of Hallushu-Inshushinak
121	Humban-Haltash I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - oct. 681 BC	feb. 688 BC	oct. 681 BC	son of Humban-Numena III (?)
122	Humban-Haltash II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - sept. 675 BC	oct. 681 BC	sept. 675 BC	son of Humban-Haltash I
124	Urtak-Inshushinak			king of Anshan & Susa	? - 663 BC	sept. 675 BC	663 BC	brother of Humban-Haltash II
125	Temti-Humban-Inshushinak I			king of Anshan & Susa	? - sept. 653 BC	663 BC	sept. 653 BC	brother of Urtak-Inshushinak
126	Humban-Nikash II			king of Anshan & Susa	? - 651 BC	sept. 653 BC	651 BC	son of Urtak-Inshushinak
127	Tammaritu			king of Anshan & Susa	? - after 645/4 BC	652 BC	649 BC	son of Humban-Hapua son of Urtak-Inshushinak
129	Indabibi			king of Anshan & Susa	? - after July 648 BC	649 BC	after July 648 BC	?
130	Humban-Haltash III			king of Anshan & Susa	? - after 645/4 BC	after July 648 BC	645/4 BC	son of Atta-hamiti-Inshushinak	He was defeated and then captured by Assyrians.
127	Tammaritu			king of Anshan & Susa	? - after 645/4 BC	647 BC	647 BC	son of Humban-Hapua son of Urtak-Inshushinak
131	Humban-Nikash III			king of Anshan & Susa	? - after 645/4 BC	647 BC	647 BC	son of Atta-Merra-Halki
132	Umhuluma			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	647 BC	647 BC	?
133	Indattu-Inshushinak IV			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	647 BC	after autumn 646 BC	?
134	Humban-Hapua			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	647 BC	647 BC	?
135	Pa'e			king of Anshan & Susa	? - after 645/4 BC	autumn 646	after 645/4 BC	?
136	Shutur-Nahhunte III			king of Anshan & Susa	? - ?	after autumn 646 BC	?	son of Indattu-Inshushinak IV	After him, kingdom of Anshan Anshan (Persia) Anshan - History :Before 1973, when it was identified as Tall-i Malyan, Anshan had been assumed by scholars to be somewhere in the central Zagros mountain range....  transferred to Achaemenids
First Median dynasty Medes The MedesThe Medes... , 674–652 BC
123	Xšaθrita Phraortes Phraortes , son of Diyako, was the second king of the Median Empire....	Phraortes (?)		King of Medes	? - 652 BC	674 BC	652 BC	son of Deioces Deioces Deioces, Diyako or Deiokes was the first king of the Medes according to Herodotus. In the late 8th century BC there was a Daiukku or Dayukku who was a Mannaean provincial governor...	Killed in battle with Assyrians and Scythians. Domination of Scythian kingdom 652–625 BC
Scythian kingdom, 652–625 BC
128	Madea Madius Madius or Madya was a Scythian king. He conquered and ruled the Median Empire from c.625-653 BCE....			King of Scythians	? - 625 BC	652 BC	625 BC	son of Partatua Bartatua Bartatua or Partitava , was a Scythian king, who established friendly relations with Assyria. He married a daughter of Assyrian king Essarhaddon....	king of Scythian kingdom from c. 658/9 BC
Second Median dynasty Medes The MedesThe Medes... , 625–550 BC
137	Cyaxares Cyaxares Cyaxares, Cyaxares the Great or Hvakhshathra , the son of King Phraortes, was the first king of Media. According to Herodotus, Cyaxares, grandson of Deioces, had a far greater military reputation than his father or grandfather, therefore he is often being described as the first official Median...	Huvaxšaθra		King of Medes	? - 585 BC	625 BC	585 BC	son of Xšaθrita Phraortes Phraortes , son of Diyako, was the second king of the Median Empire....
138	Astyages Astyages Astyages Astyages Astyages (spelled by Herodotus as Ἀστυάγης - Astyages; by Ctesias as Astyigas; by Diodorus as Aspadas; Akkadian: Ištumegu, was the last king of the Median Empire, r...	Ishtuvigu		King of Medes	? - 585 BC	585 BC	550 BC	son of Cyaxares Cyaxares Cyaxares, Cyaxares the Great or Hvakhshathra , the son of King Phraortes, was the first king of Media. According to Herodotus, Cyaxares, grandson of Deioces, had a far greater military reputation than his father or grandfather, therefore he is often being described as the first official Median...	Deposed and later killed

Old Persian Empire, 550–329 BC

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Achaemenid dynasty, 550–329 BC
139	Cyrus the Great Cyrus the Great Cyrus II of Persia , commonly known as Cyrus the Great, also known as Cyrus the Elder, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East, expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of Southwest Asia and much...			The great king, King of Persia, King of Anshan, King of Media, King of Babylon, King of Sumer and Akkad, King of the four corners of the World	600 BC - 530 BC	550 BC	530 BC	Son of Cambyses I or (II) Cambyses I of Anshan Cambyses I or Cambyses the Elder was king of Anshan in Iran from c. 580 to 559 BC and the father of Cyrus the Great . He should not be confused with his better-known grandson Cambyses II.Cambyses was an early member of the Achaemenid dynasty...  king of Anshan Anshan (Persia) Anshan - History :Before 1973, when it was identified as Tall-i Malyan, Anshan had been assumed by scholars to be somewhere in the central Zagros mountain range....  and Mandana daughter of Astyages Astyages Astyages Astyages Astyages (spelled by Herodotus as Ἀστυάγης - Astyages; by Ctesias as Astyigas; by Diodorus as Aspadas; Akkadian: Ištumegu, was the last king of the Median Empire, r...	King of Anshan Anshan (Persia) Anshan - History :Before 1973, when it was identified as Tall-i Malyan, Anshan had been assumed by scholars to be somewhere in the central Zagros mountain range....  from 559 BC. Killed in battle with Massagetes
140	Cambyses			Khshayathiya Khshayathiyanam, The Great King	? - 521 BC	530 BC	522 BC	Son of Cyrus the Great Cyrus the Great Cyrus II of Persia , commonly known as Cyrus the Great, also known as Cyrus the Elder, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East, expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of Southwest Asia and much...	Died while en route to put down a rebellion.
141	Bardiya Bardiya Bardiya was a son of Cyrus the Great and the younger brother of Cambyses II, both Persian kings. There are sharply divided views on his life, he may have ruled the Achaemenid Empire for a few months in 522 BCE, or he may have been impersonated by a magus called Gaumata. -Name and sources:The...	Tanyoxarces		The Great King, Pharaoh of Egypt	? - 522 BC	522 BC	522 BC	Son of Cyrus the Great Cyrus the Great Cyrus II of Persia , commonly known as Cyrus the Great, also known as Cyrus the Elder, was the founder of the Achaemenid Empire. Under his rule, the empire embraced all the previous civilized states of the ancient Near East, expanded vastly and eventually conquered most of Southwest Asia and much...	Killed by Persian aristocrats
142	Darius I Darius I of Persia Darius I , also known as Darius the Great, was the third king of kings of the Achaemenid Empire...	Arsames (?)		The Great King, King of Kings	550 BC - 486 BC	522 BC	486 BC	Son of Hystaspes Hystaspes (father of Darius I) Vishtaspa , known under his Hellenized name Hystaspes , was a Persian satrap of Bactria and Persis, and the father of Darius I of Persia....  son of Arsames Arsames of Persia Arsames was the son of Ariaramnes and perhaps briefly the king of Persia during the Achaemenid dynasty, but gave up the throne and declared loyalty to Cyrus II of Persia...  son of Ariaramnes Ariaramnes of Persia Ariaramnes was a great uncle of Cyrus the Great and the great-grandfather of Darius I, and perhaps the king of Parsa, the ancient core kingdom of Persia....  son of Teispes (II) Teispes of Anshan Teispes lived from 675-640 BCE. He was the son of Achaemenes and an ancestor of Cyrus the Great. There is evidence that Cyrus I and Ariaramnes were both his sons. Cyrus I is the grandfather of Cyrus the Great, whereas Ariaramnes is great grandfather of Darius the Great...
143	Xerxes I Xerxes I of Persia Xerxes I of Persia , Ḫšayāršā, ), also known as Xerxes the Great, was the fifth king of kings of the Achaemenid Empire.-Youth and rise to power:...			The Great King, King of Kings	519 BC - 465 BC	485 BC	465 BC	Son of Darius I Darius I of Persia Darius I , also known as Darius the Great, was the third king of kings of the Achaemenid Empire...	Killed
144	Artaxerxes I			The Great King, King of Kings, Longimanus	? - 424 BC	465 BC	424 BC	Son of Xerxes I Xerxes I of Persia Xerxes I of Persia , Ḫšayāršā, ), also known as Xerxes the Great, was the fifth king of kings of the Achaemenid Empire.-Youth and rise to power:...
145	Xerxes II Xerxes II of Persia Xerxes II was a Persian king and the son and successor of Artaxerxes I. After a reign of forty-five days, he was assassinated in 424 BC by his brother Sogdianus, who in turn was murdered by Darius II. He is an obscure historical figure known primarily from the writings of Ctesias. He was...	Artaxerxes		The Great King, King of Kings	? - 424 BC	424 BC	424 BC	Son of Artaxerxes I	Killed by Sogdianus Sogdianus of Persia Sogdianus , died 423 BC, king of Persia . He was an obscure historical figure known primarily from the writings of Ctesias. He was reportedly an illegitimate son of Artaxerxes I by his concubine Alogyne of Babylon....
146	?	Sogdianus Sogdianus of Persia Sogdianus , died 423 BC, king of Persia . He was an obscure historical figure known primarily from the writings of Ctesias. He was reportedly an illegitimate son of Artaxerxes I by his concubine Alogyne of Babylon....		The Great King, King of Kings	? - 423 BC	424 BC	423 BC	Son of Artaxerxes I	Killed by Darius II Darius II of Persia Darius II , was king of the Persian Empire from 423 BC to 405 BC.Artaxerxes I, who died on December 25, 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II. After a month and a half Xerxes II was murdered by his brother Secydianus or Sogdianus...
147	Darius II Darius II of Persia Darius II , was king of the Persian Empire from 423 BC to 405 BC.Artaxerxes I, who died on December 25, 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II. After a month and a half Xerxes II was murdered by his brother Secydianus or Sogdianus...	Ochus		The Great King, King of Kings	? - 404 BC	423 BC	404 BC	Son of Artaxerxes I
148	Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes II of Persia Artaxerxes II Mnemon was king of Persia from 404 BC until his death. He was a son of Darius II of Persia and Parysatis.-Reign:...	Arsaces		The Great King, King of Kings	436 BC - 358 BC	404 BC	358 BC	Son of Darius II Darius II of Persia Darius II , was king of the Persian Empire from 423 BC to 405 BC.Artaxerxes I, who died on December 25, 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II. After a month and a half Xerxes II was murdered by his brother Secydianus or Sogdianus...
149	Artaxerxes III	Ochus		The Great King, King of Kings	? - 338 BC	358 BC	338 BC	Son of Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes II of Persia Artaxerxes II Mnemon was king of Persia from 404 BC until his death. He was a son of Darius II of Persia and Parysatis.-Reign:...	Killed
150	Artaxerxes IV Arses of Persia Artaxerxes IV Arses was king of Persia between 338 BC and 336 BC. He was the youngest son of King Artaxerxes III and Atossa and was not expected to succeed to the throne of Persia...	Arses		The Great King, King of Kings	? - 336 BC	338 BC	336 BC	Son of Artaxerxes III	Killed
151	Darius III Darius III of Persia Darius III , also known by his given name of Codomannus, was the last king of the Achaemenid Empire of Persia from 336 BC to 330 BC....	Artashata		The Great King, King of Kings	380 BC - 330 BC	336 BC	330 BC	Son of Arsanes son of Ostanes son of Darius II Darius II of Persia Darius II , was king of the Persian Empire from 423 BC to 405 BC.Artaxerxes I, who died on December 25, 424 BC, was followed by his son Xerxes II. After a month and a half Xerxes II was murdered by his brother Secydianus or Sogdianus...	Killed by Artaxerxes V Bessus Artaxerxes V, also known as Bessus was a prominent Persian nobleman and satrap of Bactria, and later self-proclaimed king of Persia...
152	Artaxerxes V Bessus Artaxerxes V, also known as Bessus was a prominent Persian nobleman and satrap of Bactria, and later self-proclaimed king of Persia...	Bessus		The Great King, King of Kings	? - 329 BC	330 BC	329 BC	Probably a descendant of Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes II of Persia Artaxerxes II Mnemon was king of Persia from 404 BC until his death. He was a son of Darius II of Persia and Parysatis.-Reign:...	Killed by Alexander I

Macedonian Empire, 330–129 BC

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Argead Dynasty Argead dynasty The Argead dynasty was an ancient Greek royal house. They were the ruling dynasty of Macedonia from about 700 to 310 BC. Their tradition, as described in ancient Greek historiography, traced their origins to Argos, in southern Greece... , 330–312 BC
153	Alexander I			the Great	356 - June 13, 323 BC	330 BC	323 BC	son of Philip II of Macedonia	King of Macedonia from 336 BC as Alexander III
154	Philip Philip III of Macedon Philip III Arrhidaeus was the king of Macedonia from after June 11, 323 BC until his death. He was a son of King Philip II of Macedonia by Philinna of Larissa, allegedly a Thessalian dancer, and a half-brother of Alexander the Great...			Arrhideus	c. 359 - 317 BC	June 323 BC	317 BC	son of Philip II of Macedonia	King of Macedonia as Philip III. Killed by Olympias Olympias Olympias was a Greek princess of Epirus, daughter of king Neoptolemus I of Epirus, the fourth wife of the king of Macedonia, Philip II, and mother of Alexander the Great...
155	Alexander II Alexander IV of Macedon Alexander IV Aegus was the son of Alexander the Great and Princess Roxana of Bactria.-Birth:...			Egus	Sept. 323 - 309 BC	Sept. 323 BC	317 BC	son of Alexander The Great	King of Macedonia as Alexander IV until 310 BC, Killed by Cassander Cassander Cassander , King of Macedonia , was a son of Antipater, and founder of the Antipatrid dynasty...  son of Antipater Antipater Antipater was a Macedonian general and a supporter of kings Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. In 320 BC, he became Regent of all of Alexander's Empire. Antipater was one of the sons of a Macedonian nobleman called Iollas or Iolaus and his family were distant collateral relatives to the...
	Perdiccas Perdiccas Perdiccas was one of Alexander the Great's generals. After Alexander's death in 323 BC he became regent of all Alexander's empire.Arrian tells us he was son of Orontes, a descendant of the independent princes of the Macedonian province of Orestis...				? - 321 BC	June 323 BC	321 BC		Regent, prince of Orestis
	Peithon Peithon Peithon or Pithon was the son of Crateuas, a nobleman from Eordaia in western Macedonia. One of the bodyguards of Alexander the Great, later satrap of Media and one of the diadochi....				c. 355-314 BC	321 BC	321 BC	son of Crateuas	Regent
	Arrhidaeus Arrhidaeus Arrhidaeus , one of Alexander the Great's generals, was entrusted with the conduct of Alexander's funeral to Egypt in 323 BC...				? -319 BC	321 BC	321 BC		Regent
	Antipater Antipater Antipater was a Macedonian general and a supporter of kings Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. In 320 BC, he became Regent of all of Alexander's Empire. Antipater was one of the sons of a Macedonian nobleman called Iollas or Iolaus and his family were distant collateral relatives to the...				?398-319 BC	321 BC	319 BC	son of Iollas	Regent, Killed by Seleucus I Seleucus I Nicator Seleucus I was a Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi. In the Wars of the Diadochi that took place after Alexander's death, Seleucus established the Seleucid dynasty and the Seleucid Empire...
	Polysperchon				394–303 BC	319 BC	316 BC	son of Simmias	Regent
156	Olympias Olympias Olympias was a Greek princess of Epirus, daughter of king Neoptolemus I of Epirus, the fourth wife of the king of Macedonia, Philip II, and mother of Alexander the Great...				c. 375–316 BC	317 BC	316 BC	daughter of king Neoptolemus I of Epirus Neoptolemus I of Epirus Neoptolemus I of Epirus was a king of Epirus and son of Alcetas I, and father of Alexander I of Epirus and Queen Olympias. He was a maternal grandfather of Alexander the Great...  and mother of Alexander I.	Killed by Cassander Cassander Cassander , King of Macedonia , was a son of Antipater, and founder of the Antipatrid dynasty...  son of Antipater Antipater Antipater was a Macedonian general and a supporter of kings Philip II of Macedon and Alexander the Great. In 320 BC, he became Regent of all of Alexander's Empire. Antipater was one of the sons of a Macedonian nobleman called Iollas or Iolaus and his family were distant collateral relatives to the...
157	Antigonus			Monophthalmus	382-301 BC	316 BC	312 BC	son of Philip of Elymiotis	King of Anatolia, Syria and Macedonia as Antigonus I until 301 BC. Killed by Seleucus I Seleucus I Nicator Seleucus I was a Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi. In the Wars of the Diadochi that took place after Alexander's death, Seleucus established the Seleucid dynasty and the Seleucid Empire...
Seleucid dynasty Seleucid dynasty The Seleucid dynasty or the Seleucidae was a Greek Macedonian royal family, founded by Seleucus I Nicator , which ruled the Seleucid Kingdom centered in the Near East and regions of the Asian part of the earlier Achaemenid Persian Empire during the Hellenistic period.-History:Seleucus was an... , 312–129 BC
158	Seleucus I Seleucus I Nicator Seleucus I was a Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi. In the Wars of the Diadochi that took place after Alexander's death, Seleucus established the Seleucid dynasty and the Seleucid Empire...			Nicator	c. 358–281 BC	312 BC	281 BC	son of Antiochus son of Seleucus	Assumed title of "King" from 306 BC. Killed by Ptolemy Ceraunus
159	Antiochus I Antiochus I Soter Antiochus I Soter , was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. He reigned from 281 BC - 261 BC....			Soter	? - 261 BC	281 BC	261 BC	son of Seleucus I Seleucus I Nicator Seleucus I was a Macedonian officer of Alexander the Great and one of the Diadochi. In the Wars of the Diadochi that took place after Alexander's death, Seleucus established the Seleucid dynasty and the Seleucid Empire...	co-ruler from 291
160	Antiochus II Antiochus II Theos Antiochus II Theos was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom who reigned 261 BC – 246 BC). He succeeded his father Antiochus I Soter in the winter of 262–61 BC...			Theos	286–246 BC	261 BC	246 BC	son of Antiochus I Antiochus I Soter Antiochus I Soter , was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire. He reigned from 281 BC - 261 BC....
162	Seleucus II Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus II Callinicus or Pogon , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, who reigned from 246 to 225 BC...			Callinicus	? - 225 BC	246 BC	225 BC	son of Antiochus II Antiochus II Theos Antiochus II Theos was a king of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom who reigned 261 BC – 246 BC). He succeeded his father Antiochus I Soter in the winter of 262–61 BC...
163	Seleucus III Seleucus III Ceraunus Seleucus III Soter, called Seleucus Ceraunus , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Kingdom, the eldest son of Seleucus II Callinicus and Laodice II. His birth name was Alexander and was named after his great uncle the Seleucid official Alexander...	Alexander		Soter, Ceraunus	c. 243-223 BC	225 BC	223 BC	son of Seleucus II Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus II Callinicus or Pogon , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, who reigned from 246 to 225 BC...
164	Antiochus III Antiochus III the Great Antiochus III the Great Seleucid Greek king who became the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire as a youth of about eighteen in 223 BC. Antiochus was an ambitious ruler who ruled over Greater Syria and western Asia towards the end of the 3rd century BC...			Megas	c. 241–187 BC	223 BC	187 BC	son of Seleucus II Seleucus II Callinicus Seleucus II Callinicus or Pogon , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, who reigned from 246 to 225 BC...
166	Seleucus IV Seleucus IV Philopator Seleucus IV Philopator , ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, reigned from 187 BC to 175 BC over a realm consisting of Syria , Mesopotamia, Babylonia and Nearer Iran . He was the second son and successor of Antiochus III the Great and Laodice III...			Philopator	? - 175 BC	187 BC	175 BC	son of Antiochus III Antiochus III the Great Antiochus III the Great Seleucid Greek king who became the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire as a youth of about eighteen in 223 BC. Antiochus was an ambitious ruler who ruled over Greater Syria and western Asia towards the end of the 3rd century BC...
168	Antiochus IV Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus IV Epiphanes ruled the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. He was a son of King Antiochus III the Great. His original name was Mithridates; he assumed the name Antiochus after he ascended the throne....			Epiphanes	c. 215-163 BC	175 BC	163 BC	son of Antiochus III Antiochus III the Great Antiochus III the Great Seleucid Greek king who became the 6th ruler of the Seleucid Empire as a youth of about eighteen in 223 BC. Antiochus was an ambitious ruler who ruled over Greater Syria and western Asia towards the end of the 3rd century BC...	Killed in Elymais
171	Antiochus V			Eupator	c. 172-161 BC	163 BC	161 BC	son of Antiochus IV Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus IV Epiphanes ruled the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. He was a son of King Antiochus III the Great. His original name was Mithridates; he assumed the name Antiochus after he ascended the throne....
172	Demetrius I Demetrius I Soter Demetrius I , surnamed Soter , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire....			Soter	185-150 BC	161 BC	150 BC	son of Seleucus IV Seleucus IV Philopator Seleucus IV Philopator , ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, reigned from 187 BC to 175 BC over a realm consisting of Syria , Mesopotamia, Babylonia and Nearer Iran . He was the second son and successor of Antiochus III the Great and Laodice III...
173	Alexander III Alexander Balas Alexander Balas , ruler of the Greek Seleucid kingdom 150-146 BC, was a native of Smyrna of humble origin, but gave himself out to be the son of Antiochus IV Epiphanes and Laodice IV and heir to the Seleucid throne...			Balas, Theopator, Euergetes	? - 146 BC	150 BC	146 BC	son of Antiochus IV Antiochus IV Epiphanes Antiochus IV Epiphanes ruled the Seleucid Empire from 175 BC until his death in 164 BC. He was a son of King Antiochus III the Great. His original name was Mithridates; he assumed the name Antiochus after he ascended the throne....  (?)	Seleucid king of Syria As Alexander I
174	Demetrius II Demetrius II Nicator For the similarly named Macedonian ruler, see Demetrius II of Macedon. For the Macedonian prince, see Demetrius the Fair.Demetrius II , called Nicator , was one of the sons of Demetrius I Soter, brother of Antiochus VII Sidetes and his mother could have been Laodice V...			Nicator	? - 139 BC	146 BC	139 BC	son of Demetrius I Demetrius I Soter Demetrius I , surnamed Soter , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire....	Defeated and captured by Parthians. He married to Rhodogune daughter of Mithridates I Mithridates I of Parthia Mithridates or Mithradates I was the "Great King" of Parthia from ca. 171 BC - 138 BC, succeeding his brother Phraates I. His father was King Phriapatius of Parthia, who died ca. 176 BC). Mithridates I made Parthia into a major political power by expanding the empire to the east, south, and west...
175	Antiochus VII Antiochus VII Sidetes Antiochus VII Euergetes, nicknamed Sidetes , ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire, reigned from 138 to 129 BC. He was the last Seleucid king of any stature....			Euergetes, Sidetes	? - 129 BC	139 BC	129 BC	son of Demetrius I Demetrius I Soter Demetrius I , surnamed Soter , was a ruler of the Hellenistic Seleucid Empire....	Killed in battle with Phraates II Phraates II of Parthia Phraates II of Parthia, son of Mithridates I of Parthia , the conqueror of Babylon, ruled the Parthian Empire from 138 BC to 128 BC. He was attacked in 130 BC by Antiochus VII Sidetes , ruler of the Seleucid Empire...

Middle Iranian Empire, 247 BC–c. 670 AD

For more comprehensive lists of kings, queens, sub-kings and sub-queens of this Era see:

• List of rulers of Parthian sub-kingdoms

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Arsacid dynasty, 247 BC–228 AD
161	Arsaces I Arsaces I of Parthia Arsaces I was the founder of the Arsacid dynasty, and after whom all 30+ monarchs of the Arsacid empire officially named themselves. A celebrated descent from antiquity begins with Arsaces.A 1st century AD tradition casts Arsaces as descending from the 5th-century BC Achaemenid monarch...	Tiridates I Tiridates I of Parthia Tiridates, or Teridates is a Persian name, given by Arrian in his Parthica to the brother of Arsaces I, the founder of the Parthian kingdom, whom he is said to have succeeded in about 246 BC...  or Arsaces		King, Karen, Autocrator	? - 211 BC	247 BC	211 BC	A descendant of Arsaces son of Phriapatius who was probably son of Artaxerxes II Artaxerxes II of Persia Artaxerxes II Mnemon was king of Persia from 404 BC until his death. He was a son of Darius II of Persia and Parysatis.-Reign:...
165	Arsaces II Arsaces II of Parthia Arsaces II, also Artabanus I, of the Arsacid dynasty was King of Parthia between 211 BC and 191 BC. Greek 'Arsaces' appears as 'Artabanus' in Latin sources, and both forms appear in history books....	Arsaces			? - 185 BC	211 BC	185 BC	Son of Arsaces I Arsaces I of Parthia Arsaces I was the founder of the Arsacid dynasty, and after whom all 30+ monarchs of the Arsacid empire officially named themselves. A celebrated descent from antiquity begins with Arsaces.A 1st century AD tradition casts Arsaces as descending from the 5th-century BC Achaemenid monarch...
167	Arsaces III	Phriapatius Phriapatius of Parthia Phriapatius , sometimes called Phriapites, ruled the Parthian Empire from 191 BC to 176 BC. He was the grandson of Tiridates I of Parthia , the brother of Arsaces I of Parthia , the founder of the Parthian Empire.He ruled in the period following the invasion of Parthia by the Seleucid king...			? - 170 BC	185 BC	170 BC	Grandson of Tiridates I Tiridates I of Parthia Tiridates, or Teridates is a Persian name, given by Arrian in his Parthica to the brother of Arsaces I, the founder of the Parthian kingdom, whom he is said to have succeeded in about 246 BC...
169	Arsaces IV	Phraates I Phraates I of Parthia Phraates I of Parthia, ruler of the Parthian Empire from 176-171 BCE, succeed his father Phriapatius on the throne. Died relatively young, and appointed as his successor not one of his sons, but his brother Mithridates I ....			? - 167 BC	170 BC	167 BC	Son of Phriapatius Phriapatius of Parthia Phriapatius , sometimes called Phriapites, ruled the Parthian Empire from 191 BC to 176 BC. He was the grandson of Tiridates I of Parthia , the brother of Arsaces I of Parthia , the founder of the Parthian Empire.He ruled in the period following the invasion of Parthia by the Seleucid king...
170	Arsaces V	Mithridates I Mithridates I of Parthia Mithridates or Mithradates I was the "Great King" of Parthia from ca. 171 BC - 138 BC, succeeding his brother Phraates I. His father was King Phriapatius of Parthia, who died ca. 176 BC). Mithridates I made Parthia into a major political power by expanding the empire to the east, south, and west...		The Great King, Theos, Theopator, Philhellene	? - 132 BC	167 BC	132 BC	Son of Phriapatius Phriapatius of Parthia Phriapatius , sometimes called Phriapites, ruled the Parthian Empire from 191 BC to 176 BC. He was the grandson of Tiridates I of Parthia , the brother of Arsaces I of Parthia , the founder of the Parthian Empire.He ruled in the period following the invasion of Parthia by the Seleucid king...
176	Arsaces VI	Phraates II Phraates II of Parthia Phraates II of Parthia, son of Mithridates I of Parthia , the conqueror of Babylon, ruled the Parthian Empire from 138 BC to 128 BC. He was attacked in 130 BC by Antiochus VII Sidetes , ruler of the Seleucid Empire...		The Great King, Philopator, Theopator, Nikephoros	? - 127 BC	132 BC	127 BC	Son of Mithridates I Mithridates I of Parthia Mithridates or Mithradates I was the "Great King" of Parthia from ca. 171 BC - 138 BC, succeeding his brother Phraates I. His father was King Phriapatius of Parthia, who died ca. 176 BC). Mithridates I made Parthia into a major political power by expanding the empire to the east, south, and west...	Killed in battle with Scythians
177	Arsaces VII	Artabanus I Artabanus I of Parthia Artabanus I of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from c. 128 to 124 BC. He succeeded his nephew Phraates II and died, just like his predecessor, in battle against the Tochari - a name commonly identified with the Yuezhi of the Chinese sources, who had fled from Gansu in northwest China, via the Ili...		King	? - 126 BC	127 BC	126 BC	Son of Phriapatius Phriapatius of Parthia Phriapatius , sometimes called Phriapites, ruled the Parthian Empire from 191 BC to 176 BC. He was the grandson of Tiridates I of Parthia , the brother of Arsaces I of Parthia , the founder of the Parthian Empire.He ruled in the period following the invasion of Parthia by the Seleucid king...	Killed in battle with Tocharians
178	Arsaces VIII	Vologases (I)		The Great King, Theopator, Philadelphos, Philhellene, Epiphanes	? - 122 BC	126 BC	122 BC	Son of Phriapatius Phriapatius of Parthia Phriapatius , sometimes called Phriapites, ruled the Parthian Empire from 191 BC to 176 BC. He was the grandson of Tiridates I of Parthia , the brother of Arsaces I of Parthia , the founder of the Parthian Empire.He ruled in the period following the invasion of Parthia by the Seleucid king...	He was the first Arsacid king of Media, Arran and Iberia
179	Arsaces IX	Artabanus (II)		The Great King, King of kings, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 121 BC	122 BC	121 BC	Son of Artabanus I Artabanus I of Parthia Artabanus I of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from c. 128 to 124 BC. He succeeded his nephew Phraates II and died, just like his predecessor, in battle against the Tochari - a name commonly identified with the Yuezhi of the Chinese sources, who had fled from Gansu in northwest China, via the Ili...	Killed in battle with Medians
180	Arsaces X	Mithridates II Mithridates II of Parthia Mithridates II the Great was king of Parthian Empire from 123 to 88 BC. His name invokes the protection of Mithra. He adopted the title Epiphanes, "god manifest" and introduced new designs on his extensive coinage....		The Great King, The Great King of Kings, Epiphanes, Soter	? - 91 BC	121 BC	91 BC	Son of Artabanus I Artabanus I of Parthia Artabanus I of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from c. 128 to 124 BC. He succeeded his nephew Phraates II and died, just like his predecessor, in battle against the Tochari - a name commonly identified with the Yuezhi of the Chinese sources, who had fled from Gansu in northwest China, via the Ili...
181	Arsaces XI	Gotarzes I Gotarzes I of Parthia Gotarzes I of Parthia ruled parts of the Parthian Empire c. 95–90 BC. He was the grandson of Phriapatius and came to power during the troubled times around the end of the reign of Mithridates II. He is mentioned on some astronomical tablets from Babylon and appears to have reigned for some...		The Great King, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Euergetes, Autocrator	? - 87 BC	91 BC	87 BC	Son of Mithridates II Mithridates II of Parthia Mithridates II the Great was king of Parthian Empire from 123 to 88 BC. His name invokes the protection of Mithra. He adopted the title Epiphanes, "god manifest" and introduced new designs on his extensive coinage....
182	Arsaces XII	Artabanus (III)		The Great King, Theopator, Nicator	? - 77? BC	91 BC	77? BC	Son of Vologases (I)
183	Arsaces XIII	Mithridates (III)		The Great King, The Great King of Kings, Dikaios, Euergetes, Philhellene, Autocrator, Philopator, Epiphanes	? - 67 BC	88 BC	67 BC	Son of Mithridates II Mithridates II of Parthia Mithridates II the Great was king of Parthian Empire from 123 to 88 BC. His name invokes the protection of Mithra. He adopted the title Epiphanes, "god manifest" and introduced new designs on his extensive coinage....
184	Arsaces XIV	Orodes I Orodes I of Parthia King Orodes I of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from c. 90 to 80 BC in succession to Gotarzes I. Until 88 BC his reign coincided with that of Mithridates II, the rival king against whom Gotarzes had revolted...		The Great King, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 75 BC	80 BC	75 BC	Son of Mithridates II Mithridates II of Parthia Mithridates II the Great was king of Parthian Empire from 123 to 88 BC. His name invokes the protection of Mithra. He adopted the title Epiphanes, "god manifest" and introduced new designs on his extensive coinage....
185	Arsaces XV	Sanatruces I Sanatruces of Parthia King Sanatruces of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from c. 77 to c. 70 BC. He was a member of the Arsacid house, who, according to work attributed to Lucian, in the troubled times after the death of Mithridates II in ca...		The Great King, Theopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene	157 BC - 70 BC	77 BC	70 BC	Son of Vologases (I)
186	Arsaces XVI	?		The Great King, Theopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Eusebes	? - 66 BC	77 BC	66 BC	?
187	Arsaces XVII	Phraates III Phraates III of Parthia King Phraates III of Parthia succeeded his father Sanatruces and ruled the Parthian Empire from 70 to 57 BC. He was called "the God" because of his coins, that were ideal for sailors because they were polished with gold dust, so that people from other countries considered their value higher than...		The Great King, Theos, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 57 BC	70 BC	57 BC	Son of Sanatruces I Sanatruces of Parthia King Sanatruces of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from c. 77 to c. 70 BC. He was a member of the Arsacid house, who, according to work attributed to Lucian, in the troubled times after the death of Mithridates II in ca...	Killed by Orodes II Orodes II of Parthia Orodes II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 57 to 38 BC. Orodes was a son of Phraates III, whom he murdered in 57 BC, assisted by his brother Mithridates...
188	Arsaces XVIII	?		The Great King, Philopator, Euergetes, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 63 BC	66 BC	63 BC	Son of Arsaces XVI
189	Arsaces XIX	Mithridates III Mithridates III of Parthia King Mithridates III of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire c. 57–54 BC. With the assistance of his brother Orodes he murdered his father Phraates III. He was made king of Media and waged war against his brother, but was soon deposed on account of his cruelty. He took refuge with Aulus Gabinius, the...  (or IV)		The Great King, The Great King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Theos, Eupator, Theopator, Philhellene	? - 54 BC	65 BC	54 BC	Son of Phraates III Phraates III of Parthia King Phraates III of Parthia succeeded his father Sanatruces and ruled the Parthian Empire from 70 to 57 BC. He was called "the God" because of his coins, that were ideal for sailors because they were polished with gold dust, so that people from other countries considered their value higher than...	Killed by Orodes II Orodes II of Parthia Orodes II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 57 to 38 BC. Orodes was a son of Phraates III, whom he murdered in 57 BC, assisted by his brother Mithridates...
190	Arsaces XX	Orodes II Orodes II of Parthia Orodes II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 57 to 38 BC. Orodes was a son of Phraates III, whom he murdered in 57 BC, assisted by his brother Mithridates...		King of Kings, Philopator, Eupator, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Ktistes	? - 38 BC	57 BC	38 BC	Son of Phraates III Phraates III of Parthia King Phraates III of Parthia succeeded his father Sanatruces and ruled the Parthian Empire from 70 to 57 BC. He was called "the God" because of his coins, that were ideal for sailors because they were polished with gold dust, so that people from other countries considered their value higher than...	Killed by Phraates IV Phraates IV of Parthia King Phraates IV of Parthia, son of Orodes II, ruled the Parthian Empire from 37–2 BC. He was appointed successor to the throne in 37 BC, after the death of his brother Pacorus I...
191	Arsaces XXI	Pacorus I Pacorus I of Parthia Pacorus I of Parthia was the son of king Orodes II and queen Laodice of the Parthian Empire. It is possible that he was co-ruler with his father for at least part of his father's reign...		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 38 BC	50 BC	38 BC	Son of Orodes II Orodes II of Parthia Orodes II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 57 to 38 BC. Orodes was a son of Phraates III, whom he murdered in 57 BC, assisted by his brother Mithridates...	Killed in battle with Romans
192	Arsaces XXII	Phraates IV Phraates IV of Parthia King Phraates IV of Parthia, son of Orodes II, ruled the Parthian Empire from 37–2 BC. He was appointed successor to the throne in 37 BC, after the death of his brother Pacorus I...		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 2 BC	38	2 BC	Son of Orodes II Orodes II of Parthia Orodes II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 57 to 38 BC. Orodes was a son of Phraates III, whom he murdered in 57 BC, assisted by his brother Mithridates...	Killed by Musa Musa of Parthia Musa was Queen of Parthia c. 2 BC – AD 4. She is called as Thermusa by Josephus and is also known as Thea Urania . She was a concubine given by the Roman Emperor Augustus to King Phraates IV of Parthia...
193	Arsaces XXIII	Tiridates II Tiridates II of Parthia Tiridates II of Parthia was set up by the Parthians against Phraates IV in about 32 BC, but expelled when Phraates returned with the help of the Scythians...		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Autocrator, Philoromaeos	? - after 23 BC	30 BC	25 BC	Probably a descendant of Mithridates (III)	Deposed and went to Rome
194	Arsaces XXIV	Mithridates (V)		?	? - ? BC	12 BC	9 BC	Probably a descendant of Mithridates (III)
	Musa	Musa Musa of Parthia Musa was Queen of Parthia c. 2 BC – AD 4. She is called as Thermusa by Josephus and is also known as Thea Urania . She was a concubine given by the Roman Emperor Augustus to King Phraates IV of Parthia...		Queen of Queens, Thea, Urania	?- 4? AD	2 BC	4 AD	Queen of Phraates IV Phraates IV of Parthia King Phraates IV of Parthia, son of Orodes II, ruled the Parthian Empire from 37–2 BC. He was appointed successor to the throne in 37 BC, after the death of his brother Pacorus I...
195	Arsaces XXV	Phraates V Phraates V of Parthia Phraates V of Persia, known by the diminutive Phraataces , ruled the Iranian Parthian Empire from 2 BC to AD 4. He was the younger son of Phraates IV of Parthia and the Musa of Parthia", with whom he is associated on his coins. Under Phraates V a war threatened to break out with Rome about the...		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	?- 4 AD	2 BC	4 AD	Son of Phraates IV Phraates IV of Parthia King Phraates IV of Parthia, son of Orodes II, ruled the Parthian Empire from 37–2 BC. He was appointed successor to the throne in 37 BC, after the death of his brother Pacorus I...  & Musa Musa of Parthia Musa was Queen of Parthia c. 2 BC – AD 4. She is called as Thermusa by Josephus and is also known as Thea Urania . She was a concubine given by the Roman Emperor Augustus to King Phraates IV of Parthia...	Deposed and went to Rome
196	Arsaces XXVI	Orodes III Orodes III of Parthia King Orodes III of Parthia was raised to the throne of the Parthian Empire around AD 4 by the magnates after the death of Phraates V of Parthia . He was killed after a short reign "on account of his extreme cruelty"...		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 6	4	6	Probably a descendant of Mithridates (III)	Killed by Parthian aristocrats
197	Arsaces XXVII	Vonones I Vonones I of Parthia Vonones I of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from about 8 to 12 AD. He was the eldest son of Phraates IV of Parthia Vonones I of Parthia (ΟΝΩΝΗΣ on his coins) ruled the Parthian Empire from about 8 to 12 AD. He was the eldest son of Phraates IV of Parthia Vonones I of Parthia (ΟΝΩΝΗΣ on his...		The Great King, King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, Nikephorus	? - 19	8	12	Son of Phraates IV Phraates IV of Parthia King Phraates IV of Parthia, son of Orodes II, ruled the Parthian Empire from 37–2 BC. He was appointed successor to the throne in 37 BC, after the death of his brother Pacorus I...	Deposed and went to Rome. Later, He was killed by Romans.
198	Arsaces XXVIII	Artabanus II Artabanus II of Parthia Artabanus II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from about AD 10 to 38. He was the son of a princess of the Arsacid Dynasty, who lived in the East among the Dahan nomads...  (or IV)		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 40	10	40	Probably a descendant of Mithridates (III)
199	Arsaces XXIX	Tiridates III Tiridates III of Parthia Tiridates III of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire briefly in 35–36. He was the grandson of Phraates IV. He was sent to Rome as a hostage and was educated there....		?	? - ?	35	36	Probably a descendant of Tiridates II Tiridates II of Parthia Tiridates II of Parthia was set up by the Parthians against Phraates IV in about 32 BC, but expelled when Phraates returned with the help of the Scythians...	Deposed and went to Rome
200	Arsaces XXX	Cinnamus		?	? - ?	37	37	Son of Artabanus II Artabanus II of Parthia Artabanus II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from about AD 10 to 38. He was the son of a princess of the Arsacid Dynasty, who lived in the East among the Dahan nomads...  (or IV)	Abdicated
201	Arsaces XXXI	Gotarzes II Gotarzes II of Parthia Gotarzes II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire intermittently between about 40 and 51. He was the son of Artabanus II and when his father died in about 38 and his brother Vardanes I succeeded to the throne, Gotarzes rebelled....		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	11 - 51	40 –	51	Son of Artabanus II Artabanus II of Parthia Artabanus II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from about AD 10 to 38. He was the son of a princess of the Arsacid Dynasty, who lived in the East among the Dahan nomads...  (or IV)
202	Arsaces XXXII	Vardanes I Vardanes I of Parthia Vardanes I of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from about 40–45. He succeeded his father Artabanus II, but had to continually fight against Gotarzes II, a rival claimant to the throne....		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 46	40	46	Son of Artabanus II Artabanus II of Parthia Artabanus II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from about AD 10 to 38. He was the son of a princess of the Arsacid Dynasty, who lived in the East among the Dahan nomads...  (or IV)	Killed by Gotarzes II Gotarzes II of Parthia Gotarzes II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire intermittently between about 40 and 51. He was the son of Artabanus II and when his father died in about 38 and his brother Vardanes I succeeded to the throne, Gotarzes rebelled....
203	Arsaces XXXIII	Vonones II Vonones II of Parthia Vonones II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire briefly in 51. During the reign of his brother Gotarzes II he was governor of Media, and was raised to the throne on Gotarzes' death. However, he died after a few months and was succeeded by his son Vologases I....		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 51	c. 45	51	Son of Artabanus II Artabanus II of Parthia Artabanus II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from about AD 10 to 38. He was the son of a princess of the Arsacid Dynasty, who lived in the East among the Dahan nomads...  (or IV)
204	Arsaces XXXIV	Mithridates (VI)		?	? - ?	49	50	Son of Vonones I Vonones I of Parthia Vonones I of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from about 8 to 12 AD. He was the eldest son of Phraates IV of Parthia Vonones I of Parthia (ΟΝΩΝΗΣ on his coins) ruled the Parthian Empire from about 8 to 12 AD. He was the eldest son of Phraates IV of Parthia Vonones I of Parthia (ΟΝΩΝΗΣ on his...	Deposed and mutilated by Gotarzes II Gotarzes II of Parthia Gotarzes II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire intermittently between about 40 and 51. He was the son of Artabanus II and when his father died in about 38 and his brother Vardanes I succeeded to the throne, Gotarzes rebelled....
205	Arsaces XXXV	Vologases I Vologases I of Parthia Vologases I of Parthia, sometimes called Vologaeses or Vologeses or, following Zoroastrian usage, Valakhsh ruled the Parthian Empire from about 51 to 78. Son of Vonones II by a Thracian concubine, he succeeded his father in 51 AD. He gave the kingdom of Media Atropatene to his brother Pacorus II,...  (or II)		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene, The Lord	? - 77	51	77	Son of Vonones II Vonones II of Parthia Vonones II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire briefly in 51. During the reign of his brother Gotarzes II he was governor of Media, and was raised to the throne on Gotarzes' death. However, he died after a few months and was succeeded by his son Vologases I....
206	Arsaces XXXVI	Vardanes II Vardanes II of Parthia Vardanes II of Parthia was the son of Vologases I and briefly ruler of part of the Parthian Empire. He rebelled against his father from about 55 to 58 CE and must have occupied Ecbatana, since he issued coins from the mint there, bearing the likeness of a young beardless king wearing a diadem with...		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - ?	55	58	Son of Vologases I Vologases I of Parthia Vologases I of Parthia, sometimes called Vologaeses or Vologeses or, following Zoroastrian usage, Valakhsh ruled the Parthian Empire from about 51 to 78. Son of Vonones II by a Thracian concubine, he succeeded his father in 51 AD. He gave the kingdom of Media Atropatene to his brother Pacorus II,...  (or II)	Deposed
207	Arsaces XXXVII	Vologases II Vologases II of Parthia Vologases II of Parthia was the son of Vologases I of Parthia and ruled the Parthian Empire from about 77 to 80. Little is known about him. It seems that Vologases II was defeated and deposed by his uncle, Pacorus II of Parthia ....  (or III)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - ?	77	89/90	Probably son of Vologases I Vologases I of Parthia Vologases I of Parthia, sometimes called Vologaeses or Vologeses or, following Zoroastrian usage, Valakhsh ruled the Parthian Empire from about 51 to 78. Son of Vonones II by a Thracian concubine, he succeeded his father in 51 AD. He gave the kingdom of Media Atropatene to his brother Pacorus II,...  (or II)
208	Arsaces XXXVIII	Pacorus II Pacorus II of Parthia Pacorus II of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from about 78 to 105. A son of Vonones II and brother of Vologases I, he was given the kingdom of Media Atropatene by the latter after his succession to the throne. After Vologases' death, Pacorus revolted against his brother's son and successor,...		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 115	77	115	Probably son of Vologases I Vologases I of Parthia Vologases I of Parthia, sometimes called Vologaeses or Vologeses or, following Zoroastrian usage, Valakhsh ruled the Parthian Empire from about 51 to 78. Son of Vonones II by a Thracian concubine, he succeeded his father in 51 AD. He gave the kingdom of Media Atropatene to his brother Pacorus II,...  (or II)
209	Arsaces XXXIX	Artabanus III Artabanus III of Parthia Artabanus III of Parthia was a rival for the crown of the Parthian Empire during the reign of Pacorus II, against whom he revolted; his own reign extended from about 80 to 81 AD. On a coin of 80 he calls himself Arsaces Artabanus...  (or V)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - ?	80	81	Probably son of Vologases I Vologases I of Parthia Vologases I of Parthia, sometimes called Vologaeses or Vologeses or, following Zoroastrian usage, Valakhsh ruled the Parthian Empire from about 51 to 78. Son of Vonones II by a Thracian concubine, he succeeded his father in 51 AD. He gave the kingdom of Media Atropatene to his brother Pacorus II,...  (or II)
210	Arsaces XL	Osroes I Osroes I of Parthia Osroes I of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire c. 109–129. He succeeded his brother Pacorus II. For the whole of his reign he contended with the rival king Vologases III based in the east of Parthia....		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 130	89/90	130	Probably son of Vologases II Vologases II of Parthia Vologases II of Parthia was the son of Vologases I of Parthia and ruled the Parthian Empire from about 77 to 80. Little is known about him. It seems that Vologases II was defeated and deposed by his uncle, Pacorus II of Parthia ....  (or III)
211	Arsaces XLI	Vologases III Vologases III of Parthia Vologases III of Parthia claimed the throne of the Parthian Empire about 105, in the last days of Pacorus II of Parthia . He reigned over the eastern portion of the kingdom from 105 to 147...  (or IV)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 148	105	148	?
212	Arsaces XLII	Mithridates IV Mithridates IV of Parthia Mithridates IV of Parthia ruled the western Parthian Empire from 129 to 140. He was the brother of Osroes I of Parthia . He was the youngest son of the Parthian King Vonones II. During the invasion of Mesopotamia by the Roman emperor Trajan in 116 he and his son Sanatruces II took up the diadem...  (or VII)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - c. 145	115	c. 145	Brother of Osroes I Osroes I of Parthia Osroes I of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire c. 109–129. He succeeded his brother Pacorus II. For the whole of his reign he contended with the rival king Vologases III based in the east of Parthia....	Killed in battle with Romans
213	Arsaces XLIII	Parthamaspates		King of Kings, Euergetes, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - after 123	116	117	Son of Osroes I Osroes I of Parthia Osroes I of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire c. 109–129. He succeeded his brother Pacorus II. For the whole of his reign he contended with the rival king Vologases III based in the east of Parthia....	Deposed and went to Rome
214	Arsaces XLIV	Sanatruces II Sanatruces II of Parthia Sanatruces II of Parthia, the son of Mithridates IV, was a pretender to the throne of the Parthian Empire during the disputed reign of his uncle Osroes I....		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - c. 145	c. 145	c. 145	son of Mithridates IV Mithridates IV of Parthia Mithridates IV of Parthia ruled the western Parthian Empire from 129 to 140. He was the brother of Osroes I of Parthia . He was the youngest son of the Parthian King Vonones II. During the invasion of Mesopotamia by the Roman emperor Trajan in 116 he and his son Sanatruces II took up the diadem...  (or VII)	Killed in battle with Romans
215	Arsaces XLV	Vologases IV Vologases IV of Parthia Vologases IV of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 147 to 191. The son of Mithridates IV of Parthia , he united the two halves of the empire which had been split between his father and Vologases III of Parthia...  (or V)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 191	148	191	Son of Mithridates IV Mithridates IV of Parthia Mithridates IV of Parthia ruled the western Parthian Empire from 129 to 140. He was the brother of Osroes I of Parthia . He was the youngest son of the Parthian King Vonones II. During the invasion of Mesopotamia by the Roman emperor Trajan in 116 he and his son Sanatruces II took up the diadem...  (or VII)
216	Arsaces XLVI	Vologases V Vologases V of Parthia Vologases V of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 191 to 208. He was the son of Vologases IV . His succession was not uncontested; a rival King Osroes II had already set himself up in Media before the death of the previous ruler, but Vologases V appears to have quickly put him down.Vologases...  (or VI)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 208	191	208	Son of Vologases IV Vologases IV of Parthia Vologases IV of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 147 to 191. The son of Mithridates IV of Parthia , he united the two halves of the empire which had been split between his father and Vologases III of Parthia...  (or V)
217	Arsaces XLVII	Osroes II Osroes II of Parthia Osroes II of Parthia was a claimant of the throne of the Parthian Empire c. 190. He is unknown to history except for the coins he issued. The date of his reign suggests that he rebelled against Vologases IV but was unable to maintain himself against Vologases V. His coins were issued by the mint at...		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - ?	c. 190	c. 195	Probably son of Vologases IV Vologases IV of Parthia Vologases IV of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 147 to 191. The son of Mithridates IV of Parthia , he united the two halves of the empire which had been split between his father and Vologases III of Parthia...  (or V)
218	Arsaces XLVIII	Vologases VI Vologases VI of Parthia ]Vologases VI of Parthia succeeded his father Vologases V of Parthia to the throne of the Parthian Empire in 208. Soon after his accession his brother Artabanus IV rebelled against him, and became master of the greater part of the empire...  (or VII)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	181 - 228	208	228	Son of Vologases V Vologases V of Parthia Vologases V of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 191 to 208. He was the son of Vologases IV . His succession was not uncontested; a rival King Osroes II had already set himself up in Media before the death of the previous ruler, but Vologases V appears to have quickly put him down.Vologases...  (or VI)	Killed by Ardashir I Ardashir I Ardashir I was the founder of the Sassanid Empire, was ruler of Istakhr , subsequently Fars Province , and finally "King of Kings of Sassanid Empire " with the overthrow of the Parthian Empire...
219	Arsaces XLIX	Artabanus IV Artabanus IV of Parthia Artabanus IV of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire . He was the younger son of Vologases V who died in 208. Artabanus rebelled against his brother Vologases VI, and soon gained the upper hand, although Vologases VI maintained himself in a part of Babylonia until about 228.The Roman emperor...  (or VI)		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - 226	213	226	Son of Vologases V Vologases V of Parthia Vologases V of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 191 to 208. He was the son of Vologases IV . His succession was not uncontested; a rival King Osroes II had already set himself up in Media before the death of the previous ruler, but Vologases V appears to have quickly put him down.Vologases...  (or VI)	Killed by Ardashir I Ardashir I Ardashir I was the founder of the Sassanid Empire, was ruler of Istakhr , subsequently Fars Province , and finally "King of Kings of Sassanid Empire " with the overthrow of the Parthian Empire...
220	Arsaces L	Tiridates IV		King of Kings, Dikaios, Epiphanes, Philhellene	? - ?	217	222	Son of Vologases IV Vologases IV of Parthia Vologases IV of Parthia ruled the Parthian Empire from 147 to 191. The son of Mithridates IV of Parthia , he united the two halves of the empire which had been split between his father and Vologases III of Parthia...  (or V)	He was also king of Armenia
Sassanid dynasty Sassanid Empire The Sassanid Empire , known to its inhabitants as Ērānshahr and Ērān in Middle Persian and resulting in the New Persian terms Iranshahr and Iran , was the last pre-Islamic Persian Empire, ruled by the Sasanian Dynasty from 224 to 651... , 224-c. 670 AD
221	Ardashir I Ardashir I Ardashir I was the founder of the Sassanid Empire, was ruler of Istakhr , subsequently Fars Province , and finally "King of Kings of Sassanid Empire " with the overthrow of the Parthian Empire...			Shahanshah	? - sept. 241	April 28, 224	sept. 241	Son of Papak son of Sasan Sasan Sāsān , considered the eponymous ancestor of the Sasanians, was "a great warrior and hunter" and a Zoroastrian high priest in south western Iran and living sometime near the fall of the Arsacid Empire.-Identity of Sasan:...
222	Shapur I Shapur I Shapur I or also known as Shapur I the Great was the second Sassanid King of the Second Persian Empire. The dates of his reign are commonly given as 240/42 - 270/72, but it is likely that he also reigned as co-regent prior to his father's death in 242 .-Early years:Shapur was the son of Ardashir I...			Shahanshah	215 - April 273	April 12, 240	April 273	Son of Ardashir I Ardashir I Ardashir I was the founder of the Sassanid Empire, was ruler of Istakhr , subsequently Fars Province , and finally "King of Kings of Sassanid Empire " with the overthrow of the Parthian Empire...
223	Hormizd I Hormizd I Hormizd I was the third Sassanid King of Persia from 270/72 to 273.He was the youngest son of Shapur I , under whom he was governor of Khorasan, and appears in his wars against Rome Hormizd I was the third Sassanid King of Persia from 270/72 to 273.He was the youngest son of Shapur I...	Hormozd-Ardashir		Shahanshah, Vozorg Armananshah	? - April 274	April 273	April 274	Son of Shapur I Shapur I Shapur I or also known as Shapur I the Great was the second Sassanid King of the Second Persian Empire. The dates of his reign are commonly given as 240/42 - 270/72, but it is likely that he also reigned as co-regent prior to his father's death in 242 .-Early years:Shapur was the son of Ardashir I...
224	Bahram I Bahram I Bahram I was the fourth Sassanid emperor of the second Persian Empire. He was the eldest son of Shapur I and succeeded his brother Hormizd I , who had reigned for only a year....			Shahanshah, Gilanshah	? - July 277	April 274	July 277	Son of Shapur I Shapur I Shapur I or also known as Shapur I the Great was the second Sassanid King of the Second Persian Empire. The dates of his reign are commonly given as 240/42 - 270/72, but it is likely that he also reigned as co-regent prior to his father's death in 242 .-Early years:Shapur was the son of Ardashir I...
225	Bahram II Bahram II Bahram II was the fifth Sassanid King of Persia in 276–293. He was the son of Bahram I .Bahram II is said to have ruled at first tyrannically, and to have greatly disgusted all his principal nobles, who went so far as to form a conspiracy against him, and intended to put him to death...			Shahanshah	? - 294	July 277	293	Son of Bahram I Bahram I Bahram I was the fourth Sassanid emperor of the second Persian Empire. He was the eldest son of Shapur I and succeeded his brother Hormizd I , who had reigned for only a year....
226	Bahram III Bahram III Bahram III was the sixth Sassanid King of Persia and son of Bahram II. He was appointed viceroy to the region of Sakasthan after Bahram II's conquest of it sometime in the 280's CE....			Shahanshah, Sakanshah	? - 293	293	293	Son of Bahram II Bahram II Bahram II was the fifth Sassanid King of Persia in 276–293. He was the son of Bahram I .Bahram II is said to have ruled at first tyrannically, and to have greatly disgusted all his principal nobles, who went so far as to form a conspiracy against him, and intended to put him to death...	Deposed
227	Narseh I Narseh Narseh was the seventh Sassanid King of Persia , and son of Shapur I ....			Shahanshah, Vozorg Armananshah	? - 302	293	302	Son of Shapur I Shapur I Shapur I or also known as Shapur I the Great was the second Sassanid King of the Second Persian Empire. The dates of his reign are commonly given as 240/42 - 270/72, but it is likely that he also reigned as co-regent prior to his father's death in 242 .-Early years:Shapur was the son of Ardashir I...
228	Hormizd II Hormizd II Hormizd II, was the eighth Persian king of the Sassanid Empire, and reigned for seven years and five months, from 302 to 309. He was the son of Narseh .Almost nothing is known of his reign...			Shahanshah	? - feb. 310	302	feb. 310	Son of Narseh I Narseh Narseh was the seventh Sassanid King of Persia , and son of Shapur I ....	Killed in battle with Arabs
229	Narseh II	Adur-narseh		Shahanshah	? - March 310	Feb. 310	March 310	Son of Hormizd II Hormizd II Hormizd II, was the eighth Persian king of the Sassanid Empire, and reigned for seven years and five months, from 302 to 309. He was the son of Narseh .Almost nothing is known of his reign...	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
230	Shapur II Shapur II Shapur II the Great was the ninth King of the Persian Sassanid Empire from 309 to 379 and son of Hormizd II. During his long reign, the Sassanid Empire saw its first golden era since the reign of Shapur I...			Shahanshah, Huyah Sonba	March 310 - 379	March 310	379	Son of Hormizd II Hormizd II Hormizd II, was the eighth Persian king of the Sassanid Empire, and reigned for seven years and five months, from 302 to 309. He was the son of Narseh .Almost nothing is known of his reign...
231	Ardashir II Ardashir II Ardashir II was the tenth Sassanid King of Persia from 379 to 383.He is believed by some to be the son and by others to be the brother of his predecessor, Shapur II...			Shahanshah	? - 383	379	383	Son of Shapur II Shapur II Shapur II the Great was the ninth King of the Persian Sassanid Empire from 309 to 379 and son of Hormizd II. During his long reign, the Sassanid Empire saw its first golden era since the reign of Shapur I...
232	Shapur III Shapur III Shapur III was the eleventh Sassanid King of Persia from 383 to 388. Shapur III succeeded his father Ardashir II in the year 383.- Treaty with Rome :...			Shahanshah	? - Dec. 388	383	Dec. 388	Son of Shapur II Shapur II Shapur II the Great was the ninth King of the Persian Sassanid Empire from 309 to 379 and son of Hormizd II. During his long reign, the Sassanid Empire saw its first golden era since the reign of Shapur I...
233	Bahram IV Bahram IV Bahram IV was twelfth Sassanid King of Persia , son and successor of Shapur III of Persia , under whom he had been governor of Kerman; therefore he was called Kermanshah Bahram IV was twelfth Sassanid King of Persia (388–399), son and successor of Shapur III of Persia (383–388), under whom he had...			Shahanshah, Kermanshah	? - 399	Dec. 388	399	Son of Shapur II Shapur II Shapur II the Great was the ninth King of the Persian Sassanid Empire from 309 to 379 and son of Hormizd II. During his long reign, the Sassanid Empire saw its first golden era since the reign of Shapur I...
234	Yazdegerd I Yazdegerd I Yazdegerd I, or Izdekerti , was the thirteenth Sassanid king of Persia and ruled from 399 to 421. He is believed by some to be the son of Shapur III and by others to be son of Bahram IV...			Shahanshah	363 - Jan. 21, 421	399	Jan. 21, 421	Son of Shapur III Shapur III Shapur III was the eleventh Sassanid King of Persia from 383 to 388. Shapur III succeeded his father Ardashir II in the year 383.- Treaty with Rome :...	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
235	Shapur IV			Shahanshah, Armananshah	? - Feb. 421	Feb. 421	Feb. 421	Son of Yazdegerd I Yazdegerd I Yazdegerd I, or Izdekerti , was the thirteenth Sassanid king of Persia and ruled from 399 to 421. He is believed by some to be the son of Shapur III and by others to be son of Bahram IV...	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
236	Bahram V Bahram V Bahram V was the fourteenth Sassanid King of Persia . Also called Bahram Gur or Bahramgur , he was a son of Yazdegerd I , after whose sudden death he gained the crown against the opposition of the grandees by the help of Mundhir, the Arab dynast of al-Hirah.- Reign and war with Rome :Bahram V...			Shahanshah, Goor	391 - June 20, 439	421	June 20, 439	Son of Yazdegerd I Yazdegerd I Yazdegerd I, or Izdekerti , was the thirteenth Sassanid king of Persia and ruled from 399 to 421. He is believed by some to be the son of Shapur III and by others to be son of Bahram IV...
237	Yazdegerd II Yazdegerd II Yazdegerd II was the fifteenth Sassanid King of Persia. He was the son of Bahram V and reigned from 438 to 457....			Shahanshah	? - Dec. 15, 456	June 20, 439	Dec. 15, 456	Son of Bahram V Bahram V Bahram V was the fourteenth Sassanid King of Persia . Also called Bahram Gur or Bahramgur , he was a son of Yazdegerd I , after whose sudden death he gained the crown against the opposition of the grandees by the help of Mundhir, the Arab dynast of al-Hirah.- Reign and war with Rome :Bahram V...
238	Hormizd III Hormizd III Hormizd III, sixteenth Sassanid King of Persia, son of Yazdegerd II , succeeded his father in 457.Hormizd, the older son of Yazdegerd II, was kept near Ctesiphon, while his younger brother, Peroz, was stationed in Sistan. Following his father's death, Hormizd became ruler of the Sassanian Empire...			Shahanshah	399 - 459	457	459	Son of Yazdegerd II Yazdegerd II Yazdegerd II was the fifteenth Sassanid King of Persia. He was the son of Bahram V and reigned from 438 to 457....	Killed by Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I (also Pirooz; Peirozes (Priscus, fr. 33); Perozes (Procopius, De Bello Pers. I. 3 and Agathias iv. 27; the modern form of the name is Perooz, Piruz, or the Arabized Ferooz, Firuz; Persian: پیروز "the Victor"), was the seventeenth Sassanid King of Persia, who ruled from 457...
239	Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I (also Pirooz; Peirozes (Priscus, fr. 33); Perozes (Procopius, De Bello Pers. I. 3 and Agathias iv. 27; the modern form of the name is Perooz, Piruz, or the Arabized Ferooz, Firuz; Persian: پیروز "the Victor"), was the seventeenth Sassanid King of Persia, who ruled from 457...			Shahanshah	? - Jan. 484	457	Jan. 484	Son of Yazdegerd II Yazdegerd II Yazdegerd II was the fifteenth Sassanid King of Persia. He was the son of Bahram V and reigned from 438 to 457....	Killed in battle with Hephthalites
240	Balash Balash Balash , the eighteenth Sassanid King of Persia in 484–488, was the brother and successor of Peroz I of Persia , who had died in a battle against the Hephthalites who invaded Persia from the east.- Reign of Balash :Balash was made King of Persia following the death of his...			Shahanshah	? - 488	Feb. 484	488	Son of Yazdegerd II Yazdegerd II Yazdegerd II was the fifteenth Sassanid King of Persia. He was the son of Bahram V and reigned from 438 to 457....
241	Kavadh I Kavadh I Kavad or Kavadh I was the son of Peroz I and the nineteenth Sassanid king of Persia, reigning from 488 to 531...			Shahanshah	449 - 531	488	496	Son of Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I (also Pirooz; Peirozes (Priscus, fr. 33); Perozes (Procopius, De Bello Pers. I. 3 and Agathias iv. 27; the modern form of the name is Perooz, Piruz, or the Arabized Ferooz, Firuz; Persian: پیروز "the Victor"), was the seventeenth Sassanid King of Persia, who ruled from 457...	Deposed
242	Djamasp Djamasp Djamasp was a Sassanid king who ruled from 496 to 498. He was a younger brother of king Kavadh I and was installed on the Sassanid throne upon the deposition of the latter by members of the nobility....			Shahanshah	? - 502	496	498	Son of Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I (also Pirooz; Peirozes (Priscus, fr. 33); Perozes (Procopius, De Bello Pers. I. 3 and Agathias iv. 27; the modern form of the name is Perooz, Piruz, or the Arabized Ferooz, Firuz; Persian: پیروز "the Victor"), was the seventeenth Sassanid King of Persia, who ruled from 457...	Deposed
241	Kavadh I Kavadh I Kavad or Kavadh I was the son of Peroz I and the nineteenth Sassanid king of Persia, reigning from 488 to 531...			Shahanshah	449 - Sept. 13, 531	498	Sept. 13, 531	Son of Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I Peroz I (also Pirooz; Peirozes (Priscus, fr. 33); Perozes (Procopius, De Bello Pers. I. 3 and Agathias iv. 27; the modern form of the name is Perooz, Piruz, or the Arabized Ferooz, Firuz; Persian: پیروز "the Victor"), was the seventeenth Sassanid King of Persia, who ruled from 457...
243	Khosrau I Khosrau I Khosrau I , also known as Anushiravan the Just or Anushirawan the Just Khosrau I (also called Chosroes I in classical sources, most commonly known in Persian as Anushirvan or Anushirwan, Persian: انوشيروان meaning the immortal soul), also known as Anushiravan the Just or Anushirawan the Just...			Shahanshah, Anushiravan, The Just	500 - Jan. 31 579	Sept. 13, 531	Jan. 31 579	Son of Kavadh I Kavadh I Kavad or Kavadh I was the son of Peroz I and the nineteenth Sassanid king of Persia, reigning from 488 to 531...
244	Hormizd IV Hormizd IV Hormizd IV, son of Khosrau I, reigned as the twenty-first King of Persia from 579 to 590.He seems to have been imperious and violent, but not without some kindness of heart. Some very characteristic stories are told of him by Tabari. His father's sympathies had been with the nobles and the priests...			Shahanshah, Torkzad	528 - 590	Jan. 31 579	Sept. 5, 590	Son of Khosrau I Khosrau I Khosrau I , also known as Anushiravan the Just or Anushirawan the Just Khosrau I (also called Chosroes I in classical sources, most commonly known in Persian as Anushirvan or Anushirwan, Persian: انوشيروان meaning the immortal soul), also known as Anushiravan the Just or Anushirawan the Just...	Killed by Vistahm
245	Khosrau II Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II (Khosrow II, Chosroes II, or Xosrov II in classical sources, sometimes called Parvez, "the Ever Victorious" – (in Persian: خسرو پرویز), was the twenty-second Sassanid King of Persia, reigning from 590 to 628...			Shahanshah, Aparviz	550 - 628	Sept. 590	Sept. 590	Son of Hormizd IV Hormizd IV Hormizd IV, son of Khosrau I, reigned as the twenty-first King of Persia from 579 to 590.He seems to have been imperious and violent, but not without some kindness of heart. Some very characteristic stories are told of him by Tabari. His father's sympathies had been with the nobles and the priests...	Deposed and went to Rome
246	Bahram VI			Shahanshah, Chubineh	? - 592	Sept. 590	Jan. 591	Son of Bahram-Goshnasp from House of Mihran House of Mihran The House of Mihrān was a leading Iranian noble family , one of the Seven Great Houses of the Sassanid Persian Empire which claimed descent from the earlier Arsacid dynasty...	Killed by Turks
245	Khosrau II Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II (Khosrow II, Chosroes II, or Xosrov II in classical sources, sometimes called Parvez, "the Ever Victorious" – (in Persian: خسرو پرویز), was the twenty-second Sassanid King of Persia, reigning from 590 to 628...			Shahanshah, Aparviz	550 - 628	Jan. 591	Feb. 25, 628	Son of Hormizd IV Hormizd IV Hormizd IV, son of Khosrau I, reigned as the twenty-first King of Persia from 579 to 590.He seems to have been imperious and violent, but not without some kindness of heart. Some very characteristic stories are told of him by Tabari. His father's sympathies had been with the nobles and the priests...	Killed by Kavadh II Kavadh II Kavadh II , twenty-third Sassanid King of Persia, son of Khosrau II , was raised to the throne in opposition to his father in February 628, after the great victories of the Emperor Heraclius...
247	Vistahm			Shahanshah, Peroz	? - 596	592	596	Son of Shapur from House of Espandyad. He was uncle of Khosrau II Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II (Khosrow II, Chosroes II, or Xosrov II in classical sources, sometimes called Parvez, "the Ever Victorious" – (in Persian: خسرو پرویز), was the twenty-second Sassanid King of Persia, reigning from 590 to 628...  & husband of Gorduyah sister of Bahram VI	Killed by his wife Gorduyah sister of Bahram VI
248	Hormizd V Hormizd V Hormizd V was briefly the ruler of the Sassanid Empire. Described as a usurper, he was one of many pretenders who rose after the temporary deposition of Chosroes II by Bahram Chobin....			Shahanshah	? - ?	?593	?593	Probably son of Vistahm & Gorduyah sister of Bahram VI
249	Kavadh II Kavadh II Kavadh II , twenty-third Sassanid King of Persia, son of Khosrau II , was raised to the throne in opposition to his father in February 628, after the great victories of the Emperor Heraclius...	Shiruyah		Shahanshah	? - Sept. 15, 628	Feb. 25, 628	Sept. 15, 628	Son of Khosrau II Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II (Khosrow II, Chosroes II, or Xosrov II in classical sources, sometimes called Parvez, "the Ever Victorious" – (in Persian: خسرو پرویز), was the twenty-second Sassanid King of Persia, reigning from 590 to 628...
250	Ardashir III Ardashir III Ardashir III was the twenty-fourth Sassanid King of Persia from 628 to 630.He was a son of Kavadh II/Shiroes and "Anzoy the Roman". His mother was probably from the Byzantine Empire. He was raised to the throne as a boy of seven years, but was killed 18 months later by his general, Shahrbaraz .-...			Shahanshah	598 - April 27, 630	Sept. 15, 628	April 27, 630	Son of Kavadh II Kavadh II Kavadh II , twenty-third Sassanid King of Persia, son of Khosrau II , was raised to the throne in opposition to his father in February 628, after the great victories of the Emperor Heraclius...	Killed by Farrokhan Shahrbaraz Shahrbaraz or Shahrwaraz was a general, with the rank of Eran Spahbod under Khosrau II . His name was Farrokhan, and Shahrbaraz was his title...
251	Farrokhan Shahrbaraz Shahrbaraz or Shahrwaraz was a general, with the rank of Eran Spahbod under Khosrau II . His name was Farrokhan, and Shahrbaraz was his title...			Shahanshah, Shahrvaraz, Rumi-zan	? - June 9, 630	April 27, 630	June 9, 630	Son of Ardashir from House of Varaz. He was husband of Boran daughter of Khosrau II Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II (Khosrow II, Chosroes II, or Xosrov II in classical sources, sometimes called Parvez, "the Ever Victorious" – (in Persian: خسرو پرویز), was the twenty-second Sassanid King of Persia, reigning from 590 to 628...	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
252	Khosrau III			Shahanshah	? - ?	May 630	after July 635	Son of Kavadh son of Hormizd IV Hormizd IV Hormizd IV, son of Khosrau I, reigned as the twenty-first King of Persia from 579 to 590.He seems to have been imperious and violent, but not without some kindness of heart. Some very characteristic stories are told of him by Tabari. His father's sympathies had been with the nobles and the priests...
253	Boran			Shahbano	590 - Oct. 631	June 630	Oct. 631	Daughter of Khosrau II Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II (Khosrow II, Chosroes II, or Xosrov II in classical sources, sometimes called Parvez, "the Ever Victorious" – (in Persian: خسرو پرویز), was the twenty-second Sassanid King of Persia, reigning from 590 to 628...  & Wife of Farrokhan Shahrbaraz Shahrbaraz or Shahrwaraz was a general, with the rank of Eran Spahbod under Khosrau II . His name was Farrokhan, and Shahrbaraz was his title...
254	Peroz II	Goshnasp-Bandeh		Shahanshah	? - Dec. 631	Oct. 631	Dec. 631	Son of Mihran-Goshnasp & Chaharbakht who was daughter of Yazdandad son of Khosrau I Khosrau I Khosrau I , also known as Anushiravan the Just or Anushirawan the Just Khosrau I (also called Chosroes I in classical sources, most commonly known in Persian as Anushirvan or Anushirwan, Persian: انوشيروان meaning the immortal soul), also known as Anushiravan the Just or Anushirawan the Just... . Probably he was also husband of Azarmidokht Azarmidokht Azarmidokht was the twenty-seventh Sassanid Monarch of Persia, and daughter of Khosrau II. She ruled Persia after her sister Purandokht.After the death of her father Khosrau II anarchy spread in the Sassanid empire. The subsequent rulers could stay for only a relatively brief time on the throne,...	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
255	Khosrau IV			Shahanshah	? - Dec. 631	Dec. 631	Dec. 631	Brother of Peroz II	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
256	Azarmidokht Azarmidokht Azarmidokht was the twenty-seventh Sassanid Monarch of Persia, and daughter of Khosrau II. She ruled Persia after her sister Purandokht.After the death of her father Khosrau II anarchy spread in the Sassanid empire. The subsequent rulers could stay for only a relatively brief time on the throne,...			Shahbano	? - April 632	Dec. 631	April 632	Daughter of Khosrau II Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II (Khosrow II, Chosroes II, or Xosrov II in classical sources, sometimes called Parvez, "the Ever Victorious" – (in Persian: خسرو پرویز), was the twenty-second Sassanid King of Persia, reigning from 590 to 628...  & probably wife of Peroz II	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
257	Hormizd VI Hormizd VI Hormizd VI or V, twenty-eighth Sassanid King of Persia, was one of the many pretenders who rose after the murder of Khosrau II in 628. He maintained himself about two years in the district of Nisibis. There was also a brief usurper king, not always numbered among the monarchs, called Hormizd V in...			Shahanshah	? - ?	April 632	after July 633	Son of Kavadh II Kavadh II Kavadh II , twenty-third Sassanid King of Persia, son of Khosrau II , was raised to the throne in opposition to his father in February 628, after the great victories of the Emperor Heraclius...	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
258	Khosrau V	Farrokhzad		Shahanshah	? - Oct. 632	April 632	Oct. 632	Son of Khosrau II Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II (Khosrow II, Chosroes II, or Xosrov II in classical sources, sometimes called Parvez, "the Ever Victorious" – (in Persian: خسرو پرویز), was the twenty-second Sassanid King of Persia, reigning from 590 to 628...	Killed by Iranian aristocrats
259	Yazdegerd III			Shahanshah	? - 652	Oct. 632	652	Son of Shahryar son of Khosrau II Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II 250px|thumb|Khosrau II (Khosrow II, Chosroes II, or Xosrov II in classical sources, sometimes called Parvez, "the Ever Victorious" – (in Persian: خسرو پرویز), was the twenty-second Sassanid King of Persia, reigning from 590 to 628...	Killed
262	Peroz III			Shahanshah	? - before 673	652	after 670	Son of Yazdegerd III

Arab Caliphs, 641-946 AD

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Rashidun Rashidun The Rightly Guided Caliphs or The Righteous Caliphs is a term used in Sunni Islam to refer to the first four Caliphs who established the Rashidun Caliphate. The concept of "Rightly Guided Caliphs" originated with the Abbasid Dynasty...  Caliphs, 641-692 AD
260	Umar I Umar `Umar ibn al-Khattāb c. 2 November , was a leading companion and adviser to the Islamic prophet Muhammad who later became the second Muslim Caliph after Muhammad's death....			Abu Hafş, Al-Farouq, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	590 - 644	641	644	son of Khattab. Also he was father of Hafşa wife of Muhammad	Second caliph in Medina from 633 AD. Killed
261	Uthman			Abu Amr, Zonnurain, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin	579 - 656	644	656	son of Affan of Umayyad clan of Quraish	Killed
263	Ali			Ab ol-Hasan, Al-Mortaza, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin, Great Imam	598 - 661	656	661	son of Abu Talib. He was also son-in-law of Muhammad	Killed
264	Hasan Hasan ibn Ali Al-Hasan ibn ‘Alī ibn Abī Tālib ‎ is an important figure in Islam, the son of Fatimah the daughter of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, and of the fourth Caliph Ali ibn Abi Talib. Hasan is a member of the Ahl al-Bayt and Ahl al-Kisa...			Abu Mohammad, Al-Mojtaba, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin, Great Imam	625 - 670	661	661	son of Imam Ali	Abdicated
268	Abdollah			Caliph	624 - 692	684	692	son of Zubayr son of Safiah aunt of Muhammad	killed by Hajjaj ibn Yusif
Umayyad Umayyad The Umayyad Caliphate was the second of the four major Arab caliphates established after the death of Muhammad. It was ruled by the Umayyad dynasty, whose name derives from Umayya ibn Abd Shams, the great-grandfather of the first Umayyad caliph. Although the Umayyad family originally came from the...  Caliphs, 661–750
265	Muawiyah I Muawiyah I Muawiyah I was the first Caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty. After the conquest of Mecca by the Muslims, Muawiyah's family converted to Islam. Muawiyah is brother-in-law to Muhammad who married his sister Ramlah bint Abi-Sufyan in 1AH...			Abu Abdollah, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		661	680	son of Abu Sofyan cousin of Muhammad
266	Yazid I Yazid I Yazīd ibn Mu‘āwiya ibn Abī Sufyān , commonly known as Yazid I, was the second Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate . He ruled for three years from 680 CE until his death in 683 CE. Many Muslims condemn Yazid's rule as contentious and unjust...			Abu Khalid, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		680	683	son of Muawiyah I Muawiyah I Muawiyah I was the first Caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty. After the conquest of Mecca by the Muslims, Muawiyah's family converted to Islam. Muawiyah is brother-in-law to Muhammad who married his sister Ramlah bint Abi-Sufyan in 1AH...
267	Muawiya II Muawiya II Muawiyah II was an Umayyad caliph for about four months after the death of his father Yazīd...			Abu Abd or-Rahman, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		683	684	son of Yazid I Yazid I Yazīd ibn Mu‘āwiya ibn Abī Sufyān , commonly known as Yazid I, was the second Caliph of the Umayyad Caliphate . He ruled for three years from 680 CE until his death in 683 CE. Many Muslims condemn Yazid's rule as contentious and unjust...	Abdicated (?)
269	Marwan I Marwan I Marwan ibn al-Hakam was the fourth Umayyad Caliph, who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II abdicated in 684. Marwan's ascension pointed to a shift in the lineage of the Umayyad dynasty from descendants of Abu Sufyan to those of Hakam, both of whom were grandsons of Umayya...			Abu Abd ol-Malik, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		684	685	son of Hakam cousin of Muawiyah I Muawiyah I Muawiyah I was the first Caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty. After the conquest of Mecca by the Muslims, Muawiyah's family converted to Islam. Muawiyah is brother-in-law to Muhammad who married his sister Ramlah bint Abi-Sufyan in 1AH...	Killed by his wife
270	Abd ol-Malik			Ab ol-Walid, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		685	705	son of Marwan I Marwan I Marwan ibn al-Hakam was the fourth Umayyad Caliph, who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II abdicated in 684. Marwan's ascension pointed to a shift in the lineage of the Umayyad dynasty from descendants of Abu Sufyan to those of Hakam, both of whom were grandsons of Umayya...
271	Walid I			Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		705	715	son of Abd ol-Malik
272	Suleiman			Ab Ayyub, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		715	717	son of Abd ol-Malik
273	Umar II			Abu Hafş, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		717	720	son of Abd ol-Aziz son of Marwan I Marwan I Marwan ibn al-Hakam was the fourth Umayyad Caliph, who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II abdicated in 684. Marwan's ascension pointed to a shift in the lineage of the Umayyad dynasty from descendants of Abu Sufyan to those of Hakam, both of whom were grandsons of Umayya...
274	Yazid II Yazid II Yazid bin Abd al-Malik or Yazid II was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 720 until his death in 724.According to the medieval Persian historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Yazid came to power on the death of Umar II on February 10, 720. His forces engaged in battle the Kharijites with whom Umar...			Abu Khalid, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		720	724	son of Abd ol-Malik
275	Hisham Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik 10th Umayyad caliph who ruled from 723 until his death in 743. When he was born in 691 his mother named him after her father....			Ab ol-Walid, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		724	743	son of Abd ol-Malik
276	Walid II Al-Walid II Walid ibn Yazid or Walid II was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 743 until 744. He succeeded his uncle, Hisham ibn Abd al-Malik....			Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		743	744	son of Yazid II Yazid II Yazid bin Abd al-Malik or Yazid II was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 720 until his death in 724.According to the medieval Persian historian Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari, Yazid came to power on the death of Umar II on February 10, 720. His forces engaged in battle the Kharijites with whom Umar...
277	Yazid III Yazid III Yazid ibn al-Walid ibn 'Abd al-Malik or Yazid III was an Umayyad caliph. He reigned for six months, from April 15 to October 3 or 4, 744; and died in that office....			Abu Khalid, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		744	744	son of Walid I and Shahfarand daughter of Peroz III	Killed
278	Ebrahim			Abu Is'haq, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		744	744	son of Walid I	Killed
279	Marwan II Marwan II Marwan ibn Muhammad ibn Marwan or Marwan II was an Umayyad caliph who ruled from 744 until 750 when he was killed. He was the last Umayyad ruler to rule from Damascus.In A.H. 114 Caliph Hisham appointed Marwan governor of Armenia and Azerbaijan. In A.H...			Abu Abd ol-Malik, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		744	750	son of Mohammad son of Marwan I Marwan I Marwan ibn al-Hakam was the fourth Umayyad Caliph, who took over the dynasty after Muawiya II abdicated in 684. Marwan's ascension pointed to a shift in the lineage of the Umayyad dynasty from descendants of Abu Sufyan to those of Hakam, both of whom were grandsons of Umayya...	Ruled from Harran Harran Harran was a major ancient city in Upper Mesopotamia whose site is near the modern village of Altınbaşak, Turkey, 24 miles southeast of Şanlıurfa...  in the Jazira Al-Jazira, Mesopotamia Upper Mesopotamia is the name used for the uplands and great outwash plain of northwestern Iraq and northeastern Syria and southeastern Turkey which is known by the traditional Arabic name of Al-Jazira , variously transliterated into Roman script as Djazirah, Djezirah and Jazirah... . Killed by Saffah As-Saffah Abu al-`Abbās `Abdu'llāh ibn Muhammad as-Saffāh, or Abul `Abbas al-Saffah , was the first Abbasid caliph .As-Saffah was the head of one branch of the Banu Hashim, who traced their lineage to Hashim, a great-grandfather of...
Abbasid Abbasid The Abbasid Caliphate or, more simply, the Abbasids , was the third of the Islamic caliphates. It was ruled by the Abbasid dynasty of caliphs, who built their capital in Baghdad after overthrowing the Umayyad caliphate from all but the al-Andalus region....  Caliphs, 750–946
280	Saffah As-Saffah Abu al-`Abbās `Abdu'llāh ibn Muhammad as-Saffāh, or Abul `Abbas al-Saffah , was the first Abbasid caliph .As-Saffah was the head of one branch of the Banu Hashim, who traced their lineage to Hashim, a great-grandfather of...	Abdollah		Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		750	754	son of Mohammad son of Ali son of Abdollah, a cousin of Muhammad
281	Mansur Al-Mansur Al-Mansur, Almanzor or Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur was the second Abbasid Caliph from 136 AH to 158 AH .-Biography:...	Abdollah		Abu Ja'far, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		754	775	brother of Saffah As-Saffah Abu al-`Abbās `Abdu'llāh ibn Muhammad as-Saffāh, or Abul `Abbas al-Saffah , was the first Abbasid caliph .As-Saffah was the head of one branch of the Banu Hashim, who traced their lineage to Hashim, a great-grandfather of...
282	Mahdi Al-Mahdi Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Mahdi , was the third Abbasid Caliph who reigned from 158 AH to 169 AH . He succeeded his father, al-Mansur....	Mohammd		Abu Abdellah, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		775	785	son of Mansur Al-Mansur Al-Mansur, Almanzor or Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad al-Mansur was the second Abbasid Caliph from 136 AH to 158 AH .-Biography:...
283	Hadi Al-Hadi Abu Abdullah Musa ibn Mahdi al-Hadi was the fourth Abbasid caliph who succeeded his father Al-Mahdi and ruled from 169 AH until his death in 170 AH ....	Musa		Abu Mohammd, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		785	786	son of Mahdi Al-Mahdi Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Mahdi , was the third Abbasid Caliph who reigned from 158 AH to 169 AH . He succeeded his father, al-Mansur....
284	Rashid Harun al-Rashid Hārūn al-Rashīd was the fifth Arab Abbasid Caliph in Iraq. He was born in Rey, Iran, close to modern Tehran. His birth date remains a point of discussion, though, as various sources give the dates from 763 to 766)....	Harun		Abu Ja'far, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		786	809	son of Mahdi Al-Mahdi Muhammad ibn Mansur al-Mahdi , was the third Abbasid Caliph who reigned from 158 AH to 169 AH . He succeeded his father, al-Mansur....
285	Amin Al-Amin Muhammad ibn Harun al-Amin , Abbasid Caliph. He succeeded his father, Harun al-Rashid in 809 and ruled until he was killed in 813.-Caliph:...	Mohammad		Abu Abdollah, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		809	813	son of Rashid Harun al-Rashid Hārūn al-Rashīd was the fifth Arab Abbasid Caliph in Iraq. He was born in Rey, Iran, close to modern Tehran. His birth date remains a point of discussion, though, as various sources give the dates from 763 to 766)....	Killed by Ma'mun Al-Ma'mun Abū Jaʿfar Abdullāh al-Māʾmūn ibn Harūn was an Abbasid caliph who reigned from 813 until his death in 833...
286	Ma'mun Al-Ma'mun Abū Jaʿfar Abdullāh al-Māʾmūn ibn Harūn was an Abbasid caliph who reigned from 813 until his death in 833...	Abdollah		Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		813	833	son of Rashid Harun al-Rashid Hārūn al-Rashīd was the fifth Arab Abbasid Caliph in Iraq. He was born in Rey, Iran, close to modern Tehran. His birth date remains a point of discussion, though, as various sources give the dates from 763 to 766)....
287	Mo'tasem Al-Mu'tasim Abu Ishaq 'Abbas al-Mu'tasim ibn Harun was an Abbasid caliph . He succeeded his half-brother al-Ma'mun...	Mohammad		Abu Is'haq, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		833	842	son of Rashid Harun al-Rashid Hārūn al-Rashīd was the fifth Arab Abbasid Caliph in Iraq. He was born in Rey, Iran, close to modern Tehran. His birth date remains a point of discussion, though, as various sources give the dates from 763 to 766)....
288	Wathiq Al-Wathiq Al-Wathiq ibn Mutasim was an Abbasid caliph who reigned from 842 until 847 AD .-Biography:...	Harun		Abu Ja'far, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		842	847	son of Mo'tasem Al-Mu'tasim Abu Ishaq 'Abbas al-Mu'tasim ibn Harun was an Abbasid caliph . He succeeded his half-brother al-Ma'mun...
289	Motevakkil Al-Mutawakkil Al-Mutawakkil ʻAlā Allāh Jaʻfar ibn al-Muʻtasim was an Abbasid caliph who reigned in Samarra from 847 until 861...	Ja'far		Ab ol-Fazl, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		847	861	son of Mo'tasem Al-Mu'tasim Abu Ishaq 'Abbas al-Mu'tasim ibn Harun was an Abbasid caliph . He succeeded his half-brother al-Ma'mun...	Killed by Montaser Al-Muntasir Al-Muntasir was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 861 to 862. His pious title means He that Triumphs in the Lord.Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari records that in A.H. 236 al-Muntasir led the pilgrimage. The previous year al-Mutawakkil had named his three son's heirs and seeming to favour al-Muntasir...
290	Montaser Al-Muntasir Al-Muntasir was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 861 to 862. His pious title means He that Triumphs in the Lord.Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari records that in A.H. 236 al-Muntasir led the pilgrimage. The previous year al-Mutawakkil had named his three son's heirs and seeming to favour al-Muntasir...	Mohammad		Abu Ja'far, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		861	862	son of Motevakkil Al-Mutawakkil Al-Mutawakkil ʻAlā Allāh Jaʻfar ibn al-Muʻtasim was an Abbasid caliph who reigned in Samarra from 847 until 861...
291	Mosta'in Al-Musta'in Al-Musta'in was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 862 to 866. After the death of previous Caliph, al-Muntasir, the Turkish chiefs held a council to select his successor; they would have none of al-Mu'tazz, nor his brothers; so they elected him, another grandson of al-Mu'tasim.The Arabs and...	Ahmad		Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		862	866	son of Mohammad son of Mo'tasem Al-Mu'tasim Abu Ishaq 'Abbas al-Mu'tasim ibn Harun was an Abbasid caliph . He succeeded his half-brother al-Ma'mun...	Deposed and later killed
292	Mo'taz Al-Mu'tazz Al-Mu'tazz was the title of the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 866 to 869. Placed upon the throne by the Turks, he proved but too apt a pupil of his Turkish masters.He became the caliph at 19 he was the youngest Abbasaid Caliph to assume power. He was surrounded by parties each jealous of the other...	Zobayr		Abu Abdellah, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		866	869	son of Motevakkil Al-Mutawakkil Al-Mutawakkil ʻAlā Allāh Jaʻfar ibn al-Muʻtasim was an Abbasid caliph who reigned in Samarra from 847 until 861...	Deposed and later killed
293	Mohtadi Al-Muhtadi Al-Muhtadi was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 869 to 870.After the death of al-Mu'tazz, the Turks chose his cousin, al-Muhtadi, son of al-Wathiq by a Grecian slave-girl, as the new Caliph. Al-Muhtadi turned out be firm and virtuous compared to the last few Caliphs...	Mohammad		Abu Is'haq, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		869	870	son of Wathiq Al-Wathiq Al-Wathiq ibn Mutasim was an Abbasid caliph who reigned from 842 until 847 AD .-Biography:...
294	Mo'tamed Al-Mu'tamid This article is about the Abbasid Caliph al-Mu'tamid of Baghdad. For the Andalusi Arabic poet who was also the Abbadid king of Seville, see Muhammad Ibn Abbad Al Mutamid...	Ahmad		Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		870	892	son of Motevakkil Al-Mutawakkil Al-Mutawakkil ʻAlā Allāh Jaʻfar ibn al-Muʻtasim was an Abbasid caliph who reigned in Samarra from 847 until 861...
295	Mo'tazed Al-Mu'tadid Al-Mu'tadid was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 892 to 902. As the son and heir of the powerful vizier and virtual regent Al-Muwaffaq , Mu'tadid was already in possession of supreme power even before he was appointed Caliph, and continued as Caliph to ably administer the Government...	Ahmad		Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		892	902	son of Talhat el-Movaffaq son of Motevakkil Al-Mutawakkil Al-Mutawakkil ʻAlā Allāh Jaʻfar ibn al-Muʻtasim was an Abbasid caliph who reigned in Samarra from 847 until 861...
296	Moktafi Al-Muktafi Al-Muktafi was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 902 to 908. He was the son of the previous Caliph, al-Mu'tadid, by a Turkish slave-girl. In command of ar Raqqah at the time of his father's death, he at once returned to the Capital, where he became a favorite of the people for his generosity,...	Ali		Abu Mohammad, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		902	908	son of Mo'tazed Al-Mu'tadid Al-Mu'tadid was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 892 to 902. As the son and heir of the powerful vizier and virtual regent Al-Muwaffaq , Mu'tadid was already in possession of supreme power even before he was appointed Caliph, and continued as Caliph to ably administer the Government...
297	Moqtader Al-Muqtadir Al-Muqtadir was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 908 AD to 932 AD .After the previous Caliph, al-Muktafi, was confined for several months to his sick-bed, intrigue was made for some time as to his successor...	Ja'far		Ab ol-Fazl, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		908	932	son of Mo'tazed Al-Mu'tadid Al-Mu'tadid was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 892 to 902. As the son and heir of the powerful vizier and virtual regent Al-Muwaffaq , Mu'tadid was already in possession of supreme power even before he was appointed Caliph, and continued as Caliph to ably administer the Government...	Killed
298	Qaher Al-Qahir Al-Qahir bi'llah Abu Mansour Muhammad Al Qahir Bellah was the 19th Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 932 to 934. He was born 286 Hijri and 899 C.E...	Mohammad		Abu Mansur, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		932	934	son of Mo'tazed Al-Mu'tadid Al-Mu'tadid was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 892 to 902. As the son and heir of the powerful vizier and virtual regent Al-Muwaffaq , Mu'tadid was already in possession of supreme power even before he was appointed Caliph, and continued as Caliph to ably administer the Government...	Deposed and blinded
300	Razi Ar-Radi Ar-Radi was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 934 to his death at the age of thirty-three in 940.The seven years' reign of ar-Radi, son of al-Muqtadir, was but a succession of misfortune. Praised for his piety, he became the mere tool of the chief minister of the day. The authority of the Caliph...	Mohammad		Ab ol-Abbas, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		934	940	son of Moqtader Al-Muqtadir Al-Muqtadir was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 908 AD to 932 AD .After the previous Caliph, al-Muktafi, was confined for several months to his sick-bed, intrigue was made for some time as to his successor...
302	Mottaqi Al-Muttaqi Al-Muttaqi was the Abbasid caliph in Baghdad from 940 to 944.Of such little importance the Caliphate had become by now that when the previous Caliph al-Radi died, Bajkam, Amir al-Umara , contented himself with despatching to Baghdad his secretary, who assembled the chief men to elect a successor...	Ebrahim		Abu Is'haq, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		940	944	son of Moqtader Al-Muqtadir Al-Muqtadir was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 908 AD to 932 AD .After the previous Caliph, al-Muktafi, was confined for several months to his sick-bed, intrigue was made for some time as to his successor...	Deposed and blinded
304	Mostakfi Al-Mustakfi Al-Mustakfi was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 944 to 946. He was installed by Tuzun, a Turkish general who disposed and blinded the previous Caliph al-Muttaqi....	Abdollah		Ab ol-Qasem, Caliph, Amir al-Mu'minin		944	946	son of Moktafi Al-Muktafi Al-Muktafi was the Abbasid Caliph in Baghdad from 902 to 908. He was the son of the previous Caliph, al-Mu'tadid, by a Turkish slave-girl. In command of ar Raqqah at the time of his father's death, he at once returned to the Capital, where he became a favorite of the people for his generosity,...	Deposed and blinded by Mo'ez o-dowleh

Buyid Empire, 933-1062 AD

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Diylamids of Fars, 933–1062 AD
299	Emad od-Dowleh	Ali		Abolhasan, Emir	?892 - 949	933	949	son of Buyeh
305	Azad od-Dowleh	Panah Khosrow		Abushoja', Emir	937 - 982	949	982	son of Rokn od-Dowleh
309	Sharaf od-Dowleh	Shirdel		Abolfavares, Emir	962 - 989	982	989	son of Azad od-Dowleh
313	Shams od-Dowleh			Abuali, Emir	? - 989	989	989	son of Sharaf od-Dowleh
310	Samsam od-Dowleh	Marzban		Abukalijar, Emir	964 - 998	989	998	son of Azad od-Dowleh
316	Nur od-Dowleh	Salar		Emir	? - 1000?	998	999	son of Izz od-Dowleh 'Izz al-Daula Izz al-Daula was the Buyid amir of Iraq . He was born Bakhtiyar, and was the son of Mu'izz al-Daula.In the spring of 955, Mu'izz al-Daula became very ill and decided to name his son as his successor. Five years later, the caliph officially recognized this by granting Bakhtiyar the title of "'Izz...
312	Baha' od-Dowleh	Firuz		Abunasr, Emir	970 - 1012	999	1012	son of Azad od-Dowleh
317	Soltan od-Dowleh			Abushoja', Emir	992 - 1024	1012	1024	son of Baha' od-Dowleh
320	Qavam od-Dowleh	Shirdel		Abolfavares, Emir	999 - 1028	1024	1026	son of Baha' od-Dowleh
322	Emad od-Din	Marzban		Abukalijar, Emir	?1011 - 1048	1026	1048	son of Soltan od-Dowleh
325		Fuladsotun		Abumansur, Emir	? - ?	1048	1048	son of Emad od-Din
326	Malek or-Rahim	Khosrow Firuz		Abunasr, Emir	? - 1058	1048	1050	son of Emad od-Din
325		Fuladsotun		Abumansur, Emir	? - ?	1050	1051	son of Emad od-Din
327		Khosrow Shah		Abusa'id, Emir	? - ?	1051	1053	son of Emad od-Din
325		Fuladsotun		Abumansur, Emir	? - ?	1053	1062	son of Emad od-Din
Diylamids of Rey, Isfahan, and Hamedan, 935–c. 1038 AD
301	Rokn od-Dowleh	Hasan		Abuali, Emir	898 - 976	935	976	son of Buyeh
307	Mo'ayyed od-Dowleh	Buyeh		Abumansur, Emir	941 - 983	976	983	son of Rokn od-Dowleh
308	Fakhr od-Dowleh	Ali		Abolhasan, Emir	952 - 997	976	997	son of Rokn od-Dowleh	From 976 to 979 only in Rey. From 979 to 983 in exile.
314	Majd od-Dowleh	Rostam		Abutaleb, Emir	993 - 1029	997	1029	son of Fakhr od-Dowleh	Only in Rey
315	Shams od-Dowleh	Shah Khosrow		Abutaher, Emir	? - 1021	997	1021	son of Fakhr od-Dowleh	Only in Isfahan and Hamedan
319	Sama' od-Dowleh	Ali		Abolhasan, Emir	? - 1023	1021	1023	son of Shams od-Dowleh	Only in Hamedan
324		Panah Khosrow		Abukalijar, Emir	? - ?	c. 1036	c. 1038	son of Majd od-Dowleh	Only in Rey
Diylamids of Iraq and Khuzistan, 945–c. 1055 AD
303	Mo'ez od-Dowleh	Ahmad		Abolhosein, Emir	915 - 966	945	966	son of Buyeh
306	Izz od-Dowleh 'Izz al-Daula Izz al-Daula was the Buyid amir of Iraq . He was born Bakhtiyar, and was the son of Mu'izz al-Daula.In the spring of 955, Mu'izz al-Daula became very ill and decided to name his son as his successor. Five years later, the caliph officially recognized this by granting Bakhtiyar the title of "'Izz...	Bakhtiar		Abumansur, Emir	943 - 977	966	977	son of Mo'ez od-Dowleh
305	Azad od-Dowleh	Panah Khosrow		Abushoja', Emir	937 - 982	977	982	son of Rokn od-Dowleh
310	Samsam od-Dowleh	Marzban		Abukalijar, Emir	964 - 998	982	986	son of Azad od-Dowleh
311	Sharaf od-Dowleh	Shirdel		Abolfavares, Emir	962 - 989	986	989	son of Azad od-Dowleh
312	Baha' od-Dowleh	Firuz		Abunasr, Emir	970 - 1012	989	1012	son of Azad od-Dowleh
317	Soltan od-Dowleh			Abushoja', Emir	992 - 1024	1012	1021	son of Baha od-Dowleh
318	Mosharraf od-Dowleh Musharrif al-Daula Abu 'Ali was the Buyid amir of Iraq . He was the youngest son of Baha' al-Daula.In 1021 the Turkish establishment in Baghdad, which had become upset over the influence of amir Sultan al-Daula's Daliam troops, raised Abu 'Ali to power. Given the title "Musharrif al-Daula", he decided to negotiate...	Hasan		Abuali, Emir	1002–1025	1021	1025	son of Baha' od-Dowleh
321	Jalal od-Dowleh Jalal al-Daula Abu Tahir Jalal al-Daula was the Buyid amir of Iraq . He was the son of Baha' al-Daula.In 1012 Jalal al-Daula's father died. His brother, Sultan al-Daula came to the throne and appointed him as governor of Basra. He ruled there up until Musharrif al-Daula, who had taken control of Iraq, died in...	Shirdel (or Firuz Khosrow)		Abutaher, Emir	994 - 1043	1025	1025	son of Baha' od-Dowleh
322	Emad od-Din	Marzban		Abukalijar, Emir	?1011 - 1048	1025	1027	son of Soltan od-Dowleh
321	Jalal od-Dowleh Jalal al-Daula Abu Tahir Jalal al-Daula was the Buyid amir of Iraq . He was the son of Baha' al-Daula.In 1012 Jalal al-Daula's father died. His brother, Sultan al-Daula came to the throne and appointed him as governor of Basra. He ruled there up until Musharrif al-Daula, who had taken control of Iraq, died in...	Shirdel (or Firuz Khosrow)		Abutaher, Emir	994 - 1043	1027	1043	son of Baha' od-Dowleh
322	Emad od-Din	Marzban		Abukalijar, Emir	?1011 - 1048	1043	1048	son of Soltan od-Dowleh
326	Malek or-Rahim	Khosrow Firuz		Abunasr, Emir	? - 1058	1048	1055	son of Emad od-Din

Seljuq Empire, 1029–1194

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Seljuq Empire, 1029–1194
323	Toğrül I	Mohammad		Rukn od-Din, Abutaleb, Beg, Sultan	995 - 1063	1029	1063	son of Mikayil son of Seljuq
328	Alp Arslan Alp Arslan Alp Arslan was the third sultan of the Seljuq dynasty and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty...	Mohammad		Azad od-Dowleh, Abushoja', Sultan	1039–1072	1063	1072	son of Chaghri Beg Dawud brother of Toğrül I	Killed by a captured soldier
329	Malik Shah I Malik Shah I Jalāl al-Dawlah Malik-shāh was born in 1055, succeeded Alp Arslan as the Seljuq Sultan in 1072, and reigned until his death in 1092....	Hasan		Jalal od-Dowleh, Abolfat'h, Sultan	1055–1092	1072	1092	son of Alp Arslan Alp Arslan Alp Arslan was the third sultan of the Seljuq dynasty and great-grandson of Seljuk, the eponymous founder of the dynasty...	Killed by Assassins
330	Mahmud I			Nasir od-Din, abolqasem, Sultan	1086–1094	1092	1094	son of Malik Shah I Malik Shah I Jalāl al-Dawlah Malik-shāh was born in 1055, succeeded Alp Arslan as the Seljuq Sultan in 1072, and reigned until his death in 1092....
331	Barkiyaruq Barkiyaruq Abu al-Muzaffar Rukn ud-Dīn Barkyāruq bin Malikšāh was the sultan of Great Seljuq from 1094-1105.He was a son of Malik Shah I and participated in the succession wars against his three brothers, Mahmud I, Ahmed Sanjar, and Mehmed I....	Mohammad		Rukn od-Din, Abolmozaffar, Sultan	1080–1105	1094	1105	son of Malik Shah I Malik Shah I Jalāl al-Dawlah Malik-shāh was born in 1055, succeeded Alp Arslan as the Seljuq Sultan in 1072, and reigned until his death in 1092....
333	Malik Shah II Malik Shah II Mu'izz ad-Din Malik Shah II Was Seljuq Sultan in Baghdad during 1105. He was the grandson of Malik Shah I, and was theoretically the head of the dynasty, although his relative Ahmed Sanjar in Khorasan probably held more effective power....			Mu'izz od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan	1101 - ?	1105	1105	son of Barkiyaruq Barkiyaruq Abu al-Muzaffar Rukn ud-Dīn Barkyāruq bin Malikšāh was the sultan of Great Seljuq from 1094-1105.He was a son of Malik Shah I and participated in the succession wars against his three brothers, Mahmud I, Ahmed Sanjar, and Mehmed I....	Deposed & blinded by Mehmed I
334	Mehmed I	Tapar		Ghiyath od-Din, Abushoja', Sultan	1082–1118	1105	1118	son of Malik Shah I Malik Shah I Jalāl al-Dawlah Malik-shāh was born in 1055, succeeded Alp Arslan as the Seljuq Sultan in 1072, and reigned until his death in 1092....
332	Sanjar Ahmed Sanjar Ahmad Sanjar Ahmad Sanjar Ahmad Sanjar (Mu'iz ud-Dīn Ahmad-e Sanjar; was the sultan of the Great Seljuq Empire from 1118 to 1153. He was initially the sultan of Khorasan until he gained the rest of the territory upon the death of Muhammad I....	Ahmad		Mu'izz od-Din, Abolhareth, Sultan	1087–1157	1097	1157	son of Malik Shah I Malik Shah I Jalāl al-Dawlah Malik-shāh was born in 1055, succeeded Alp Arslan as the Seljuq Sultan in 1072, and reigned until his death in 1092....
335	Mahmud II			Moghith od-Din, Sultan	1104–1131	1118	1131	son of Mehmed I
336	Dawud			Moghith od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan	? - 1132	1131	1132	son of Mahmud II
337	Toğrül II			Rukn od-Din, Abutaleb, Sultan	1109–1134	1132	1134	son of Mehmed I
338	Mas'ud			Ghiath od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan	1109–1152	1134	1152	son of Mehmed I
339	Malik Shah III			Moghith od-Din, Sultan	1128–1160	1152	1153	son of Mahmud II
340	Mohammad II			Ghith od-Din, Abushoja', Sultan	1128–1160	1153	1160	son of Mahmud II
343	Süleyman Shah			Mu'izz od-Din, Abolhareth, Sultan	1118–1162	1160	1161	son of Mehmed I	Deposed
344	Arsalan			Rukn od-Din, Sultan	1134–1176	1161	1176	son of Toğrül II
347	Toğrül III			Rukn od-Din, Abutaleb, Sultan	? - 1194	1176	1194	son of Arsalan	Killed

Khwārazm-Shāh Empire, 1153–1231

An empire built from Khwarezm

Khwarezm

Khwarezm, or Chorasmia, is a large oasis region on the Amu Darya river delta in western Central Asia, which borders to the north the Aral Sea, to the east the Kyzylkum desert, to the south the Karakum desert and to the west the Ustyurt Plateau...

, covering part of Iran and neighbouring Central Asia.
For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Khwārazm-Shāh Empire, 1153–1231
341	Atsiz Atsiz Atsïz was Khwarazm Shah from 1127 until his death. He was the son of Qutb ad-Din Muhammad.Atsïz gained his position following his father's death in 1127. During the early part of his reign he focused on securing Khwarazm against nomad attacks. In 1138 he rebelled against his suzerain, the Seljuk...			Ala' od-Din, Abolmozaffar, Sultan	? - 1156	1153	1156	son of Muhammad I of Khwarazm Muhammad I of Khwarazm Qutb al-Din Muhammad was Khwarazm Shah from 1097 until his death. He was the son of Anush Tigin.In around 1097 Qutb al-Din Muhammad was appointed governor of Khwarazm by the Seljuk sultan Barkiyaruq's military commander, Habashi ibn Altun-Taq...	Ruling in Khwārazm from 1127
342	Il-Arslan Il-Arslan Il-Arslan was Khwarazm Shah from 1156 until his death. He was the son of Atsïz.In 1152 Il-Arslan was made governor of Jand, an outpost on the Syr Darya which had recently been reconquered, by his father. In 1156 Atsïz died and Il-Arslan succeeded him as Khwarazm-Shah...			Taj od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan	? - 1171	1156	1172	son of Atsiz Atsiz Atsïz was Khwarazm Shah from 1127 until his death. He was the son of Qutb ad-Din Muhammad.Atsïz gained his position following his father's death in 1127. During the early part of his reign he focused on securing Khwarazm against nomad attacks. In 1138 he rebelled against his suzerain, the Seljuk...
345	Soltanshah Sultan Shah of Khwarezm Sultan Shah was a claimant to the title of Khwarazm Shah from 1172 until his death. He was the son of Il-Arslan.In 1172 Il-Arslan died and his sons began fighting over who would succeed him. Sultan Shah was the younger son, but he was considered the formal heir and his mother, Terken Khatun,...	Mahmud		Jalal od-Din, Abolqasem, Sultan	? - 1172	1172	1193	son of Il-Arslan Il-Arslan Il-Arslan was Khwarazm Shah from 1156 until his death. He was the son of Atsïz.In 1152 Il-Arslan was made governor of Jand, an outpost on the Syr Darya which had recently been reconquered, by his father. In 1156 Atsïz died and Il-Arslan succeeded him as Khwarazm-Shah...
346	Tekish			Ala' od-Din, Abolmozaffar, Sultan	? - 1199	1172	1200	son of Il-Arslan Il-Arslan Il-Arslan was Khwarazm Shah from 1156 until his death. He was the son of Atsïz.In 1152 Il-Arslan was made governor of Jand, an outpost on the Syr Darya which had recently been reconquered, by his father. In 1156 Atsïz died and Il-Arslan succeeded him as Khwarazm-Shah...
348	Mohammad Muhammad II of Khwarezm Ala ad-Din Muhammad II was the ruler of the Khwarezmid Empire from 1200 to 1220. His ancestor was a Turkic slave who eventually became a viceroy of a small province named Khwarizm. After his father died, Muhammad inherited his father's lands, and it was from there he began expanding outwards...			Ala' od-Din, Qotb od-Din, Abolfat'h, Sultan	? - 1221	1200	1221	son of Tekish
349	Mingburnu			Jalal od-Din, Sultan	? - 1231	1220	1231	son of Mohammad II Muhammad II of Khwarezm Ala ad-Din Muhammad II was the ruler of the Khwarezmid Empire from 1200 to 1220. His ancestor was a Turkic slave who eventually became a viceroy of a small province named Khwarizm. After his father died, Muhammad inherited his father's lands, and it was from there he began expanding outwards...	Killed

Mongol Empire

Mongol Empire

The Mongol Empire , initially named as Greater Mongol State was a great empire during the 13th and 14th centuries...

, 1230-1357 AD

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
The Great Khans, 1221–1256
350	Genghis Genghis Khan Genghis Khan , born Temujin and occasionally known by his temple name Taizu , was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death....	Temuchin		Khan, Qa'an	1162–1227	1221	1227	son of Yesugei Baghatur Yesugei Yesügei Baghatur , was major chief of the Kiyad-Borjigin clan and the father of Temüjin , Hasar, Hachiun, Temüge, Temülen, Behter, and Belgutei. Yesügei was the son of Bartan Baghatur, who was the son of Khabul Khan, who was recognized as a khagan by the Jin Dynasty...	Ruling in Mongolia from 1206
	Tolui Tolui Tolui, was the youngest son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun Börte...			Khan	1192–1232	August 25, 1227	September 13, 1229	son of Genghis Genghis Khan Genghis Khan , born Temujin and occasionally known by his temple name Taizu , was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death....	Regent
351	Ögedei Ögedei Khan Ögedei Khan, born Ögedei was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father...			Khan, Qa'an	c. 1186 – December 11, 1241	September 13, 1229	December 11, 1241	son of Genghis Genghis Khan Genghis Khan , born Temujin and occasionally known by his temple name Taizu , was the founder and Great Khan of the Mongol Empire, which became the largest contiguous empire in history after his death....
	Töregene Töregene Khatun Töregene Khatun was the Great Khatun and regent of the Mongol Empire from the death of her husband Ögedei Khan in 1241 until the election of her eldest son Güyük Khan in 1246.-Background:...			Khatun	? – ?	1242	1246	Wife of Ögedei Ögedei Khan Ögedei Khan, born Ögedei was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father...	Regent
352	Güyük Güyük Khan Güyük was the third Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. As the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan, he reigned from 1246 to 1248...			Khan, Qa'an	c. 1206–1248	1246	1248	son of Ögedei Ögedei Khan Ögedei Khan, born Ögedei was the third son of Genghis Khan and second Great Khan of the Mongol Empire by succeeding his father...  and Töregene Töregene Khatun Töregene Khatun was the Great Khatun and regent of the Mongol Empire from the death of her husband Ögedei Khan in 1241 until the election of her eldest son Güyük Khan in 1246.-Background:...
	Oghul Qaimish Oghul Qaimish Oghul Qaimish was the principal wife of Güyük Khan and ruled as regent over the Mongol empire after the death of her husband in 1248. She was a descendant from the Mergid tribe. However, H.H.Howorth believed that she was an Oirat.- Life :...			Khatun	? – ?	1248	1251	Wife of Güyük Güyük Khan Güyük was the third Great Khan of the Mongol Empire. As the eldest son of Ögedei Khan and a grandson of Genghis Khan, he reigned from 1246 to 1248...	Regent
353	Möngke Möngke Khan Möngke Khan , born Möngke, , was the fourth Great Khan of the Mongol Empire from July 1, 1251 – August 11, 1259. He was the first Great Khan from the Toluid line, and made significant reforms to improve the administration of the Empire during his reign...			Khan, Qa'an	January 10, 1209 – August 11, 1259	July 1, 1251	August 11, 1259	son of Tolui Tolui Tolui, was the youngest son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun Börte...
Ilkhanate Ilkhanate The Ilkhanate, also spelled Il-khanate , was a Mongol khanate established in Azerbaijan and Persia in the 13th century, considered a part of the Mongol Empire... , 1256–1357
354	Hulagu Hulagu Khan Hulagu Khan, also known as Hülegü, Hulegu , was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia...			Khan, Ilkhan	c. 1217 – 8 February 1265	1256	8 February 1265	son of Tolui Tolui Tolui, was the youngest son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun Börte...
355	Abaqa			Khan, Ilkhan	1234–1282	1265	April 1, 1282	son of Hulagu Hulagu Khan Hulagu Khan, also known as Hülegü, Hulegu , was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia...
356	Tekuder Tekuder Ahmed Tekuder , also known as Sultan Ahmad , was the sultan of the Persia-based Ilkhanate, son of Hulegu and brother of Abaqa. He was eventually succeeded by Arghun Khan...	Nicholas, Ahmad		Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	? – 1284	1282	1284	son of Hulagu Hulagu Khan Hulagu Khan, also known as Hülegü, Hulegu , was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia...	Killed
357	Arghun Arghun Arghun Khan aka Argon was the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate, from 1284 to 1291. He was the son of Abaqa Khan, and like his father, was a devout Buddhist...			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	c. 1258 – March 7, 1291	1284	March 7, 1291	son of Abaqa
358	Gaykhatu Gaykhatu Gaykhatu was the fifth Ilkhanate ruler in Iran. He reigned from 1291 to 1295. During his reign, Gaykhatu was a noted dissolute who was addicted to wine, women, and sodomy...			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	? – 1295	1291	1295	son of Abaqa	Killed
359	Baydu Baydu Baydu was the sixth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division in Iran. He succeeded his cousin Gaykhatu as khan of the Ilkhanate state in 1295....			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	? – 1295	1295	1295	son of Toghay son of Hulagu Hulagu Khan Hulagu Khan, also known as Hülegü, Hulegu , was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia...	Killed
360	Ghazan	Mahmud		Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	1271–1304	1295	1304	son of Arghun Arghun Arghun Khan aka Argon was the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate, from 1284 to 1291. He was the son of Abaqa Khan, and like his father, was a devout Buddhist...
361	Öljaitü Öljaitü Öljeitü, Oljeitu, Olcayto or Uljeitu, Öljaitu, Ölziit , born Muhammad Khodabandeh , was the eighth Ilkhanid dynasty ruler in Iran from 1304 to 1316...	Mohammad		Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Khodabandeh	1280 - December 16, 1316	1304	December 16, 1316	son of Arghun Arghun Arghun Khan aka Argon was the fourth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate, from 1284 to 1291. He was the son of Abaqa Khan, and like his father, was a devout Buddhist...
362	Abu Sa'id Abu Sa'id (Ilkhanid dynasty) Abu Sa'id also Abusaid Bahador Khan, Abu Sayed Behauder , was the ninth ruler of the Ilkhanate state in Iran ....			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Ala' od-Din, Bahador	June 2, 1305 – December 1, 1335	1316	December 1, 1335	son of Öljaitü Öljaitü Öljeitü, Oljeitu, Olcayto or Uljeitu, Öljaitu, Ölziit , born Muhammad Khodabandeh , was the eighth Ilkhanid dynasty ruler in Iran from 1304 to 1316...
363	Arpa Arpa Ke'un Arpa Ke'un, also known as Arpa Khan or Gavon or Gawon , was an Ilkhan during the disintegration of the Mongol state in Persia. He was a member of the house of Tolui. His lineage traced back to Arik Boke who was a youngest brother of Mongke, Kublai and Hulegu.Arpa Ke'un came to power following the...	Mahmud		Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Kauen, Mo'ezz od-Din	? – 1336	1335	April 10, 1336	son of Suseh son of Munkqan son of Malektemur son of Eriqbuka son of Tolui Tolui Tolui, was the youngest son of Genghis Khan by his chief khatun Börte...	Killed
364	Musa Musa (Ilkhanid dynasty) Musa Khan was an Ilkhan from 1336 to 1337 and a grandson of Baydu.He was installed to the throne of the Ilkhanate by the governor of Baghdad, 'Ali Padsah, on April 12, two days after the latter had defeated Arpa Ke'un in battle. Musa was meant to be a puppet to 'Ali. However, Musa was challenged by...			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Naser od-Din	? – 1337	April 12, 1336	1337	son of Ali son of Baydu Baydu Baydu was the sixth ruler of the Mongol empire's Ilkhanate division in Iran. He succeeded his cousin Gaykhatu as khan of the Ilkhanate state in 1295....
365	Mohammad Muhammad Khan (Ilkhan) Muhammad Khan was a claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate. He was a great-grandson of Mengu Timur, who was a son of Hulegu....			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Mozaffar od-Din	? – 1338	1336	1338	son of Yul Qotloq son of Il Temur son of Ambarji son of Mengu Temur son of Hulagu Hulagu Khan Hulagu Khan, also known as Hülegü, Hulegu , was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia...
366	Sati beg Sati Beg Al-sultana al-radila Sati Beg Khan Khallad Allah Mulkaha was a claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate during the fragmentation of Persia in the mid-14th century. She was the uterine sister of the Ilkhan Abu Sa'id....			Khatun	c.1300 – after 1345	1338	1339	daughter of Öljaitü Öljaitü Öljeitü, Oljeitu, Olcayto or Uljeitu, Öljaitu, Ölziit , born Muhammad Khodabandeh , was the eighth Ilkhanid dynasty ruler in Iran from 1304 to 1316...
367	Jahan Temur Jahan Temur Jahan Temür was a Jalayirid candidate for the throne of the Ilkhanate in the late 1330s. He was the son of Ala-Fireng and the grandson of the Ilkhan Gaykhatu....			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Izz od-Din	? – ?	1339	1340	son of Ala-Fireng son of Gaykhatu Gaykhatu Gaykhatu was the fifth Ilkhanate ruler in Iran. He reigned from 1291 to 1295. During his reign, Gaykhatu was a noted dissolute who was addicted to wine, women, and sodomy...
368	Soleiman			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	? – ?	May 1339	1345	Husband of Sati beg Sati Beg Al-sultana al-radila Sati Beg Khan Khallad Allah Mulkaha was a claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate during the fragmentation of Persia in the mid-14th century. She was the uterine sister of the Ilkhan Abu Sa'id.... . Also he was son of Yusef Shah son of Soga son of Yeshmut son of Hulagu Hulagu Khan Hulagu Khan, also known as Hülegü, Hulegu , was a Mongol ruler who conquered much of Southwest Asia...
369	Togha Temür Togha Temür Togha Temür , also known as Taghaytimur, was a claimant to the throne of the Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century. Of the many individuals who attempted to become Ilkhan after the death of Abu Sa'id, Togha Temür was the only one who hailed from eastern Iran, and was the last major candidate who was of...			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan	? – 1353	1335	1353	son of Sudi son of Bababahathor son of Abokan son of Amakan son of Tur son of Jujiqisar son of Yesugei Baghatur Yesugei Yesügei Baghatur , was major chief of the Kiyad-Borjigin clan and the father of Temüjin , Hasar, Hachiun, Temüge, Temülen, Behter, and Belgutei. Yesügei was the son of Bartan Baghatur, who was the son of Khabul Khan, who was recognized as a khagan by the Jin Dynasty...
370	Anushirwan			Khan, Ilkhan, Soltan, Adel	? – ?	1344	1357	?

Rival Dynasties, 1332-1501 AD

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Sarbadars

Sarbadars

The Sarbadars were a mixture of religious dervishes and secular rulers that came to rule over part of western Khurasan in the midst of the disintegration of the Mongol Ilkhanate in the mid-14th century...

, 1332-1386

1. Abd al-Razzaq ibn Fazlullah (1332–1338)
2. Wajih ad-Din Masud ibn Fazlullah (1338–1343)
3. Muhammad Ay Temur (1343–1346)
4. Kaba Isfendiyar (1346–1347)
5. Lutf Allah (1347-1348 d.1361)
6. Khwaja Tadj ad-Din Ali (1348–1353)
7. Yahya ibn Karawi (1353–1358)
8. Zahir ad-Din (1358–1359)
9. Haidar al-Qassab (1359–1360)
10. Lutf Allah (restored) (1360–1361)
11. Hasan al-Damghani (1361–1364)
12. Khwaja 'Ali-yi Mu'ayyad ibn Masud (1364-1376 d.1386)
13. Rukn ad-Din (1376–1379)
14. Khwaja 'Ali-yi Mu'ayyad ibn Masud (restored) (1379–1386)

Jalayirids

Jalayirids

The Jalayirids were a Mongol Jalayir dynasty which ruled over Iraq and western Persia after the breakup of the Mongol Khanate of Persia in the 1330s....

, 1335–1432

1. Hasan Buzurg
   Hasan Buzurg
   Shaikh Hasan, called "Buzurg" , was the first of several de facto independent Jalayirid rulers of Iraq and central Iran. He was the son of Husain and Öljetey.-Shaikh Hasan-i Buzurg:...
   
    (1336–1356)
2. Shaikh Uvais I
   Shaikh Uvais
   Shaikh Uvais, also known as Uways or Oways , was a Jalayirid ruler of Iraq and Azerbaijan . He was the son of Hasan Buzurg and the Chobanid Delsad Katun.-Life:...
   
    (1356–1374)
3. Hasan
   Hasan (Jalayirids)
   Hasan was briefly Jalayirid ruler . He was the eldest son of Shaikh Uvais.After his father died, Hasan succeeded him, but was never popular among the people. Shortly after he began his reign, he was executed by his amirs, who then put his brother Husain on the throne.-References:*Peter Jackson...
   
    (1374)
4. Husain I
   Husain (Jalayirids)
   Husain was a Jalayirid ruler . He was the son of Shaikh Uvais.Following the execution of his brother Hasan, the amirs placed Husain on the throne. Almost immediately he had to deal with an invasion by his brother-in-law Shah Mahmud of the Muzaffarids. Shah Mahmud, who was the son-in-law of Shaikh...
   
    (1374–1382)
5. Bayazid (1382–1383)
6. Ahmad
   Ahmad (Jalayirids)
   Sultan Ahmad was a Jalayirid ruler . He was the son of Shaikh Uvais.-Struggle With His Brothers:Ahmad came to power as a result of a plot against his brother Husain. In 1382 he departed from Ardabil, which he had been given control of, and took Tabriz; Husain was captured and executed...
   
    (1383–1410)
7. Shah Walad (1410–1411)
8. Mahmud (1411–1415)
9. Uwais II
   Uvais II
   Uvais II was a Jalayirid ruler of Basra . He was the son of Shah Walad.In 1415 Uvais succeeded his brother Mahmud as Jalayirid ruler. During his reign, he conducted two campaigns against the Black Sheep Turkmen in an attempt to recover Baghdad for the Jalayirids. While conducting the second...
   
    (1415–1421)
10. Mohammed (1421–1422)
11. Mahmud II (1422–1424)
12. Husain II (1424–1432)

Injuids

Injuids

The House of Inju was a Mongol dynasty that came to rule over the Persian cities of Shiraz and Isfahan during the 14th century AD...

, 1335–1357

1. Sharaf al-Din Mahmud Shah (1304–1325)
2. Amir Ghiyas al-Din Kai-Khusrau (1336–1338/9)
3. Amir Jalal al-Din Mas'ud Shah (in opposition to Kai-Khusrau) (c. 1338–c. 1342)
4. Shams al-Din Muhammad (in opposition to Mas'ud Shah) (1339)
5. Shaikh Abu Ishaq (c. 1343–1357)

Muzaffarids

Muzaffarids

The Mozaffarids were a family that came to power in Iran following the breakup of the Ilkhanate in the 14th century.-Rise to Power:The Mozaffaris were a family that settled in Khorasan from the beginning of Caliphal rule there. They stayed in Khorasan up until the Mongol invasion of that province,...

, 1314–1393

1. Mubariz ad-Din Muhammad ibn al-Muzaffar, Emir 1314–1358
2. Abu'l Fawaris Djamal ad-Din Shah Shuja (at Yazd, 1353 at Shiraz), 1335–1364 with...
3. Qutb Al-Din Shah Mahmud (at Isfahan) ( d. 1375), 1358–1366
4. Abu'l Fawaris Djamal ad-Din Shah Shuja (at Yazd, 1353 at Shiraz), 1366–1384
5. Mujahid ad-Din Zain Al-Abidin 'Ali, 1384–1387
   • In 1387 Timur
     Timur
     Timur , historically known as Tamerlane in English , was a 14th-century conqueror of West, South and Central Asia, and the founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, and great-great-grandfather of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived as the Mughal Empire in India until...
     
      captured Isfahan
     Isfahan (city)
     Isfahan , historically also rendered in English as Ispahan, Sepahan or Hispahan, is the capital of Isfahan Province in Iran, located about 340 km south of Tehran. It has a population of 1,583,609, Iran's third largest city after Tehran and Mashhad...
     
     .
6. Imad ad-Din Sultan Ahmad (at Kerman), 1387–1391 with...
7. Mubariz ad-Din Shah Yahya (at Shiraz), 1387–1391 and...
8. Sultan Abu Ishaq (in Sirajan), 1387–1391
9. Shah Mansur (at Isfahan), 1391–1393

Kara Koyunlu

Kara Koyunlu

The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans , were a Shi'ite Oghuz Turkic tribal federation that ruled over the territory comprising the present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, north-western Iran, eastern Turkey and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468.The Kara Koyunlu Turkomans at one...

, 1375–1468

1. Qara Muhammad Turmush ibn Bairam Khwaja, 1378/9 to c.1388
2. Abu Nasr Qara Yusuf Nuyan ibn Muhammad
   Qara Yusuf
   Abu Nasr Qara Yusuf Nuyan ibn Muhammad was the ruler of the Kara Koyunlu or Black Sheep Turkomans from c.1388 to 1420, although his reign was interrupted by the Timurid invasion .-The Jalayirid vassalage broken:...
   
   , c.1388 to 1399/1400 and 1405/6 to 1420/1
3. Qara Iskander ibn Yusuf
   Qara Iskander
   Qara Iskander ibn Yusuf ruled the Kara Koyunlu or Black Sheep Turcoman tribe from 1420-1436. His struggles with the Timurid ruler Shah Rukh show that he was a brave leader, but he was not able to continue developing what he inherited from his father Qara Yusuf and his reign saw the decline and...
   
   , 1420/1 to 1436
4. Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf
   Jahan Shah
   Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf ‎ was the leader of the Kara Koyunlu Turkmen tribal federation in Azerbaijan and Arran who reigned c.1438-1467. During his reign he managed to expand the Kara Koyunlu’s territory to its largest extent, including Western Anatolia, most of present day Iraq,...
   
   , 1436 to 10 November 1467
5. Hasan ’Ali ibn Jahan Shah, November 1467 to 1468

Ak Koyunlu

Ak Koyunlu

The Aq Qoyunlu or Ak Koyunlu, also called the White Sheep Turkomans , was an Sunni Oghuz Turkic tribal federation that ruled parts of present-day Eastern Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, northern Iraq, and Iran from 1378 to 1508.-History:According to chronicles from the Byzantine Empire, the Aq Qoyunlu...

, 1378–1508

1. Kara Yülük Osman
   Kara Osman
   Qara Osman or Kara Osman or Qara Yoluq Osman or sometimes Uthman was a late 14th- and early 15th-century leader of the Turkmen tribal federation of Aq Qoyunlu in what is now Azerbaijan, Iraq, and Turkey...
   
   , 1378/9 to 1435/6
2. Hamza, 1435/6 to 1444/5
3. Nur al-Din ‘Ali ibn Qara Yülük, 1435/6 to 1438
4. M‘uizz al-Din Jihangir ibn ‘Ali ibn Qara Yülük, 1444/5 to 1453/4
5. Uzun Hasan ibn ‘Ali, 1453/4 to 1478/9
6. Khalil ibn Uzun Hasan, 1478/9 to 1479/80
7. Y‘aqub ibn Uzun Hasan, 1479/80 to 1490/1
8. Baisonqur ibn Y‘aqub, 1490/1 to 1491/2
9. Rustam ibn Maqsud, 1491/2 to 1496/7
10. Ahmad Gövde ibn Muhammad, 1496/7 to 1497/8
11. Murad ibn Ya‘qub, 1497/8 to 1499/1500
12. Alwand ibn Yusuf, 1499/1500 to 1500/01
13. Muhammad Mirza ibn Yusuf, 1499/1500 to 1500/01
14. Muhammad Mirza ibn Yusuf, 1500/01 to 1501/2
15. Murad ibn Ya‘qub, 1501/2 to 1508 (second term)

Timurid dynasty

Timurid Dynasty

The Timurids , self-designated Gurkānī , were a Persianate, Central Asian Sunni Muslim dynasty of Turko-Mongol descent whose empire included the whole of Iran, modern Afghanistan, and modern Uzbekistan, as well as large parts of contemporary Pakistan, North India, Mesopotamia, Anatolia and the...

, 1380–1507

1. Timur
   Timur
   Timur , historically known as Tamerlane in English , was a 14th-century conqueror of West, South and Central Asia, and the founder of the Timurid dynasty in Central Asia, and great-great-grandfather of Babur, the founder of the Mughal Dynasty, which survived as the Mughal Empire in India until...
   
    ("Tamerlane"), 1369–1405, nominally under the authority of the Chagatai Khanate
   Chagatai Khanate
   The Chagatai Khanate was a Turko-Mongol khanate that comprised the lands ruled by Chagatai Khan , second son of the Great Khan Genghis Khan, and his descendents and successors...
   
   
2. Pir Muhammad
   Pir Muhammad
   Pir Muhammad was a grandson and appointed successor of Timur. He was the son of Jahangir.In 1392 he received the governorship of Qandahar. His territory extended from the lands west of the Hindu Kush to the Indus River...
   
   , grandson of Timur, 1392–1407, effectively ruled from Qandahar
3. Djalal Ud-Din Miran Shah
   Miran Shah
   Miran Shah was a son of Timur, and a Timurid governor during his father's lifetime.Miran Shah's first charge was a vast region centered around Qandahar, which he was granted in 1383. That same year, he destroyed a rebellion against Timurid authority by the Kartids, then vassals of Timur in...
   
   , son of Timur, 1405–1408, ruled Azerbaijan
   Azerbaijan
   Azerbaijan , officially the Republic of Azerbaijan is the largest country in the Caucasus region of Eurasia. Located at the crossroads of Western Asia and Eastern Europe, it is bounded by the Caspian Sea to the east, Russia to the north, Georgia to the northwest, Armenia to the west, and Iran to...
   
   
4. Rustam, 1405–1409, ruled Arabistan
   Arabian Peninsula
   The Arabian Peninsula is a land mass situated north-east of Africa. Also known as Arabia or the Arabian subcontinent, it is the world's largest peninsula and covers 3,237,500 km2...
   
   
5. Khalil Sultan (Timurid dynasty), son of Miran Shah, 1405–1409, ruled in Samarkand
   Samarkand
   Although a Persian-speaking region, it was not united politically with Iran most of the times between the disintegration of the Seleucid Empire and the Arab conquest . In the 6th century it was within the domain of the Turkic kingdom of the Göktürks.At the start of the 8th century Samarkand came...
   
   , surrendered to Shah Rukh
   Shah Rukh (Timurid dynasty)
   Shāhrukh Mīrzā was the ruler of the eastern portion of the empire established by the Central Asian warlord Timur - the founder of the Timurid dynasty - governing most of Persia and Transoxiana between 1405 and 1447...
   
   , became governor of Rayy until his death in 1411
6. Shah Rukh
   Shah Rukh (Timurid dynasty)
   Shāhrukh Mīrzā was the ruler of the eastern portion of the empire established by the Central Asian warlord Timur - the founder of the Timurid dynasty - governing most of Persia and Transoxiana between 1405 and 1447...
   
   , son of Timur, 1405–1447, ruled first in Transoxiana
   Transoxiana
   Transoxiana is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgystan and southwest Kazakhstan. Geographically, it is the region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers...
   
   
   • Ayyal, 1414, opposed Shah Rukh
   • Ailankar, 1414–1415, opposed Shah Rukh
7. Bayqara, 1409–1412, ruled in Fars
8. Iskandar
   Iskandar (Timurid dynasty)
   Iskandar was a ruler of Persia of the Timurid dynasty, ruling from 1412-1414....
   
   , 1412–1414, ruled first in Fars, then Azerbaijan & Arabistan
   • In 1410 the Turcoman horde Kara Koyunlu
     Kara Koyunlu
     The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans , were a Shi'ite Oghuz Turkic tribal federation that ruled over the territory comprising the present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, north-western Iran, eastern Turkey and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468.The Kara Koyunlu Turkomans at one...
     
      (Black Sheep) captured Baghdad and their leaders
     Rulers of Kara Koyunlu
     This is the list of rulers of Kara Koyunlu dynasty . The dynasty ruled the territory now part of present-day Iran, Iraq and eastern Turkey. Their capital was the city of Tabriz.-Kara Koyunlu rulers:...
     
      ruled the western parts of the Timurid realm. In the East however, Shah Rukh
     Shah Rukh (Timurid dynasty)
     Shāhrukh Mīrzā was the ruler of the eastern portion of the empire established by the Central Asian warlord Timur - the founder of the Timurid dynasty - governing most of Persia and Transoxiana between 1405 and 1447...
     
      was able to secure his rule in Transoxiana
     Transoxiana
     Transoxiana is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgystan and southwest Kazakhstan. Geographically, it is the region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers...
     
      and Fars.
9. Ulugh Beg
   Ulugh Beg
   Ulugh Bek was a Timurid ruler as well as an astronomer, mathematician and sultan. His commonly-known name is not truly a personal name, but rather a moniker, which can be loosely translated as "Great Ruler" or "Patriarch Ruler" and was the Turkic equivalent of Timur's Perso-Arabic title Amīr-e...
   
   , son of Shah Rukh, 1447–1449

Rulers in Transoxiana

Transoxiana

Transoxiana is the ancient name used for the portion of Central Asia corresponding approximately with modern-day Uzbekistan, Tajikistan, southern Kyrgystan and southwest Kazakhstan. Geographically, it is the region between the Amu Darya and Syr Darya rivers...

:

1. Abd al-Latif ibn Muhammad Taraghay Ulughbek, son of Ulugh Beg, 1449–1450
2. 'Abdullah Mirza, grandson of Shah Rukh, 1450–1451
3. Abu Sa'id ibn Muhammad
   Abu Sa'id (Timurid dynasty)
   Abū Saʿīd b. Muḥammad b. Mīrānshāh b. Timūr , was a Timurid Empire ruler in what is today parts of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Iran and Afghanistan and member of the Timurid dynasty....
   
   , grandson of Miran Shah, 1451–1469, conquered Khurasan
   Greater Khorasan
   Greater Khorasan or Ancient Khorasan is a historical region of Greater Iran mentioned in sources from Sassanid and Islamic eras which "frequently" had a denotation wider than current three provinces of Khorasan in Iran...
   
    in 1459

Rulers in Khurasan

Greater Khorasan

Greater Khorasan or Ancient Khorasan is a historical region of Greater Iran mentioned in sources from Sassanid and Islamic eras which "frequently" had a denotation wider than current three provinces of Khorasan in Iran...

:

1. Babur Ibn-Baysunkur
   Babur Ibn-Baysunkur
   Babur Ibn-Baysunkur , also known as Abu'l-Qasim Bābur, was a Timurid ruler in Khurasan . He was the son of Baysunqar, and thus the a grandson of Shāhrukh Mirzā....
   
   , grandson of Shah Rukh, 1449–1457
2. Shah Mahmud
   Mahmud (Timurid Dynasty)
   Shah Mahmud was briefly a Timurid ruler of Herat. He was the son of Babur Ibn-Baysunkur, who was a great-grandson of Timur.Shah Mahmud succeeded his father upon his death in 1457 at the age of eleven. Only a few weeks later, his cousin Ibrahim, a son of 'Ala' al-Daula, expelled him from Herat...
   
   , son of Babur, 1457
3. Ibrahim
   Ibrahim (Timurid Dynasty)
   Ibrahim was a Timurid ruler of Herat in the fifteenth century. He was the son of 'Ala' al-Daula, a great-grandson of Timur.Ibrahim came to power in Herat in the aftermath of the death of Babur Ibn-Baysunkur. Babur's son Shah Mahmud had succeeded him but, as he was still a boy, his hold on power...
   
   , 1457
4. Jahan Shah
   Jahan Shah
   Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf ‎ was the leader of the Kara Koyunlu Turkmen tribal federation in Azerbaijan and Arran who reigned c.1438-1467. During his reign he managed to expand the Kara Koyunlu’s territory to its largest extent, including Western Anatolia, most of present day Iraq,...
   
   , leader of the Black Sheep Turcomans
   Kara Koyunlu
   The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans , were a Shi'ite Oghuz Turkic tribal federation that ruled over the territory comprising the present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, north-western Iran, eastern Turkey and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468.The Kara Koyunlu Turkomans at one...
   
   , 1457–1458

Abu Sa'id

Abu Sa'id (Timurid dynasty)

Abū Saʿīd b. Muḥammad b. Mīrānshāh b. Timūr , was a Timurid Empire ruler in what is today parts of Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Iran and Afghanistan and member of the Timurid dynasty....

, agreed to divide Iran with the Black Sheep Turcomans

Kara Koyunlu

The Kara Koyunlu or Qara Qoyunlu, also called the Black Sheep Turkomans , were a Shi'ite Oghuz Turkic tribal federation that ruled over the territory comprising the present-day Armenia, Azerbaijan, north-western Iran, eastern Turkey and Iraq from about 1375 to 1468.The Kara Koyunlu Turkomans at one...

 under Jahan Shah

Jahan Shah

Muzaffar al-Din Jahan Shah ibn Yusuf ‎ was the leader of the Kara Koyunlu Turkmen tribal federation in Azerbaijan and Arran who reigned c.1438-1467. During his reign he managed to expand the Kara Koyunlu’s territory to its largest extent, including Western Anatolia, most of present day Iraq,...

, but the White Sheep Turcomans

Ak Koyunlu

The Aq Qoyunlu or Ak Koyunlu, also called the White Sheep Turkomans , was an Sunni Oghuz Turkic tribal federation that ruled parts of present-day Eastern Turkey, Armenia, Azerbaijan, northern Iraq, and Iran from 1378 to 1508.-History:According to chronicles from the Byzantine Empire, the Aq Qoyunlu...

 under Uzun Hassan

Uzun Hassan

Uzun Hasan or Hassan , Sultan of the Aq Qoyunlu dynasty, or White Sheep Turkmen. Hassan ruled in parts of present-day western Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Azerbaijan and Armenia between 1453 and 1478....

 defeated and killed first Jahan Shah and then Abu Sa'id.

After Abu Sa'id's death a fourth era of fragmentation follows. While the White Sheep Turcomans dominated in the western parts until the ascent of the Safavid dynasty, the Timurides could maintain their rule in Samarkand

Samarkand

Although a Persian-speaking region, it was not united politically with Iran most of the times between the disintegration of the Seleucid Empire and the Arab conquest . In the 6th century it was within the domain of the Turkic kingdom of the Göktürks.At the start of the 8th century Samarkand came...

 and Herat

Herat

Herāt is the capital of Herat province in Afghanistan. It is the third largest city of Afghanistan, with a population of about 397,456 as of 2006. It is situated in the valley of the Hari River, which flows from the mountains of central Afghanistan to the Karakum Desert in Turkmenistan...

.

Rulers in Samarkand:

1. Sultan Ahmad
   Sultan Ahmad
   Sultan Ahmad ibn Abu Sa’id was the Timurid ruler of Samarkand from 1469 till 1494. During his rule he successfully repelled at least one invasion attempt by the Kara Koyunlu, and failed in an attempt to conquer Herat from the land of Khurasan from its ruler Husayn Bayqarah. He was succeeded by his...
   
   , son Abu Sa'id, 1469–1494
2. Sultan Mahmud, son of Abu Sa'id, 1494–1495
3. Masud, 1495
4. Sultan Baysunghur, 1495–1497
5. Sultan Ali Mirza 1495–1500

conquered by the Uzbeks

Uzbeks

The Uzbeks are a Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, and large populations can also be found in Afghanistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Pakistan, Mongolia and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China...

Rulers in Herat:

1. Sultan Mahmud, son of Abu Sa'id, 1469
2. Husayn Bayqarah
   Husayn Bayqarah
   Husayn Bayqarah was a Timurid ruler of Herat from 1469 to 1506, with a brief interruption in 1470. His father was Mansur, a great-grandson of Timur...
   
   , 1469–1506
3. Badi' al-Zaman, son of Husayn, 1506–1507, fled to the court of Ismail I
   Ismail I
   Ismail I , known in Persian as Shāh Ismāʿil , was a Shah of Iran and the founder of the Safavid dynasty which survived until 1736. Isma'il started his campaign in Azerbaijan in 1500 as the leader of the Safaviyya, an extremist heterodox Twelver Shi'i militant religious order and unified all of Iran...
   
   

conquered by the Uzbeks

Uzbeks

The Uzbeks are a Turkic ethnic group in Central Asia. They comprise the majority population of Uzbekistan, and large populations can also be found in Afghanistan, Tajikstan, Kyrgyzstan, Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Pakistan, Mongolia and the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region of China...

, later recaptured by the Safavids

Modern Empire, 1501-1979 AD

For more comprehensive lists of kings and sub-kings of this Era see:

• Muslim dynasties of Iran

Throne Name		Original Name	Portrait	Title	Born-Died	Entered office	Left office	Family Relations	Note
Safavid dynasty, 1501–1786
1	Ismail I Ismail I Ismail I , known in Persian as Shāh Ismāʿil , was a Shah of Iran and the founder of the Safavid dynasty which survived until 1736. Isma'il started his campaign in Azerbaijan in 1500 as the leader of the Safaviyya, an extremist heterodox Twelver Shi'i militant religious order and unified all of Iran...			Shah, Sultan	1487–1524	7 November 1502	23 May 1524	son of Sultan Heidar
2	Tahmasp I Tahmasp I Tahmasp or Tahmasb I was an influential Shah of Iran, who enjoyed the longest reign of any member of the Safavid dynasty...			Shah, Sahib-i-Qiran, Sultan bar Salatin	1514–1576	23 May 1525	25 May 1576	son of Ismail I Ismail I Ismail I , known in Persian as Shāh Ismāʿil , was a Shah of Iran and the founder of the Safavid dynasty which survived until 1736. Isma'il started his campaign in Azerbaijan in 1500 as the leader of the Safaviyya, an extremist heterodox Twelver Shi'i militant religious order and unified all of Iran...
3	Ismail II Ismail II Ismail II was the third Safavid Shah of Iran.-Life:Ismail was the son of Shah Tahmasp I by a Turcoman mother, Sultanum Bekum Mawsillu. In 1547, he was appointed governor of the province of Shirvan where he led several expeditions against the Ottomans...			Shah	1537–1577	25 May 1576	24 November 1577	son of Tahmasp I Tahmasp I Tahmasp or Tahmasb I was an influential Shah of Iran, who enjoyed the longest reign of any member of the Safavid dynasty...	Poisoned (?)
4	Mohammad I Mohammed Khodabanda Mohammed Khodābande or Khudābanda, also known as Mohammed Shah or Sultan Mohammed , was the fourth Safavid Shah of Iran. He was the son of Shah Tahmasp I by a Turcoman mother, Sultanum Bekum Mawsillu...			Khodabandeh, Ashraf, Soltan	1532–1596	25 May 1576	1 October 1587	son of Tahmasp I Tahmasp I Tahmasp or Tahmasb I was an influential Shah of Iran, who enjoyed the longest reign of any member of the Safavid dynasty...	Deposed
5	Abbas I Abbas I of Persia Shāh ‘Abbās the Great was Shah of Iran, and generally considered the greatest ruler of the Safavid dynasty. He was the third son of Shah Mohammad....			Shahanshah, Sultan, Great	1571–1629	1 October 1587	19 January 1629	son of Mohammad I Mohammed Khodabanda Mohammed Khodābande or Khudābanda, also known as Mohammed Shah or Sultan Mohammed , was the fourth Safavid Shah of Iran. He was the son of Shah Tahmasp I by a Turcoman mother, Sultanum Bekum Mawsillu...
6	Safi Safi of Persia Shah Safi was Shah of Iran from 1629 to 1642. He was the sixth ruler of the Safavid dynasty.Safi was given the name Sam Mirza when he was born. He was the son of Mohammed Baqir Mirza, the eldest son of Shah Abbas I, and Dilaram Khanum, a Georgian wife. In 1615, Abbas had Mohammed Baqir killed,...	Sam Mirza		Shah, Mirza	1611–1642	19 January 1629	12 May 1642	son of Mohammd Baqer (Safi) Mirza son of Abbas I Abbas I of Persia Shāh ‘Abbās the Great was Shah of Iran, and generally considered the greatest ruler of the Safavid dynasty. He was the third son of Shah Mohammad....
7	Abbas II Abbas II of Persia Shah Abbas II was Shah of Iran from 1642 to 1666. He was the seventh Shah of the Safavid Dynasty. He was the son of Shah Safi I and a Circassian, Anna Khanum, and originally bore the name Sultan Muhammed Mirza before his coronation on May 15, 1642...			Shah	1632–1666	12 May 1642	26 October 1666	son of Safi Safi of Persia Shah Safi was Shah of Iran from 1629 to 1642. He was the sixth ruler of the Safavid dynasty.Safi was given the name Sam Mirza when he was born. He was the son of Mohammed Baqir Mirza, the eldest son of Shah Abbas I, and Dilaram Khanum, a Georgian wife. In 1615, Abbas had Mohammed Baqir killed,...
8	Suleiman I Suleiman I of Persia Suleiman I was a Safavid shah of Persia who reigned between 1666 and 1694. He was the elder son of the previous shah Abbas II and a Circassian slave, Nakihat Khanum....	Safi Mirza		Shah, Hakem-ol Hokama	1645–1694	26 October 1666	29 July 1694	son of Abbas II Abbas II of Persia Shah Abbas II was Shah of Iran from 1642 to 1666. He was the seventh Shah of the Safavid Dynasty. He was the son of Shah Safi I and a Circassian, Anna Khanum, and originally bore the name Sultan Muhammed Mirza before his coronation on May 15, 1642...
9	Sultan Husayn I			Shah, Sultan, Sadr-ol Hakem	1668–1726	29 July 1694	11 September 1722	son of Suleiman I Suleiman I of Persia Suleiman I was a Safavid shah of Persia who reigned between 1666 and 1694. He was the elder son of the previous shah Abbas II and a Circassian slave, Nakihat Khanum....	Deposed & then killed by Mahmud
11	Tahmasp II Tahmasp II Tahmasp II was one of the last Safavid rulers of Persia . Tahmasp was the son of Husayn , the Shah of Iran at that time. When Husayn was forced to abdicate by the Afghans in 1722, Prince Tahmasp wished to claim the throne. He fled to Tabriz where he established a government...			Shah	1704–1740	11 September 1722	16 April 1732	son of Sultan Husayn I	Deposed & then killed by Nader Nader Shah Nāder Shāh Afshār ruled as Shah of Iran and was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty. Because of his military genius, some historians have described him as the Napoleon of Persia or the Second Alexander...
13	Ahmad Shah Ahmad Marashi Ahmad Shah Marashi was a Safavid Iranian Shah 1726 –1728 that succeeded Shah Tahmasp II, while the Shah was in the northern provinces fighting with Nader Shah Afshar against the Russians and the Ottomans...			Shah, Sultan	1687–1728	28 September 1726	30 March 1728	son of Mirza Abolqasem son of Shahrbanu Beigom daughter of Suleiman I Suleiman I of Persia Suleiman I was a Safavid shah of Persia who reigned between 1666 and 1694. He was the elder son of the previous shah Abbas II and a Circassian slave, Nakihat Khanum....	Killed by Ashraf
14	Abbas III Abbas III Abbas III was a son of Shah Tahmasp II of the Safavid dynasty. After the deposition of his father by Nader Khan the infant Abbas was appointed nominal ruler of Iran on 7 September 1732. Nader Khan, who was the real ruler of the country, assumed the positions of deputy of state and viceroy...			Shah	1730–1739	16 April 1732	22 January 1736	son of Tahmasp II Tahmasp II Tahmasp II was one of the last Safavid rulers of Persia . Tahmasp was the son of Husayn , the Shah of Iran at that time. When Husayn was forced to abdicate by the Afghans in 1722, Prince Tahmasp wished to claim the throne. He fled to Tabriz where he established a government...	Under control of Nader Nader Shah Nāder Shāh Afshār ruled as Shah of Iran and was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty. Because of his military genius, some historians have described him as the Napoleon of Persia or the Second Alexander... . Deposed & then killed by Nader Nader Shah Nāder Shāh Afshār ruled as Shah of Iran and was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty. Because of his military genius, some historians have described him as the Napoleon of Persia or the Second Alexander...
16	Sam			Shah	?–1743	1743	1743	son of Sultan Husayn I (?)	Usurper. Killed by Nader Nader Shah Nāder Shāh Afshār ruled as Shah of Iran and was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty. Because of his military genius, some historians have described him as the Napoleon of Persia or the Second Alexander...
20	Ismail III	Mirza Abutorab		Shah	?–1772	1749	1749	son of Maryam Beigom (or Khan Agha Beigom) daughter of Sultan Husayn I	Under control of Karim Khan Zand. Deposed
21	Suleiman II Suleiman II of Persia His real name was Mir Sayyed Mohammad Marashi he was in charge of the affairs of the Holy Shrine in Mashhad.Young Shahrukh was enthroned at Mashhad in October 1748 by Khorasan nobles and Kurdish, Turkmen, and Bayat chiefs. Two months later Ibrahim proclaimed himself shah; but he was defeated and...	Seyyed Mohammad		Shah	1723 or 1725–?	1749	1750	son of Shahrbanu Beigom daughter of Suleiman I Suleiman I of Persia Suleiman I was a Safavid shah of Persia who reigned between 1666 and 1694. He was the elder son of the previous shah Abbas II and a Circassian slave, Nakihat Khanum....	Deposed & blinded by Shahrokh
20	Ismail III	Mirza Abutorab		Shah	?–1772	1752	1756	son of Maryam Beigom (or Khan Agha Beigom) daughter of Sultan Husayn I	Under control of Karim Khan Zand. Deposed
23	Sultan Husayn II			Shah	?–1753	1753	1753	son of Sultan Husayn I (?)	Usurper. Killed
30	Mohammd II	Abolfat'h Sultan Muhammd Mirza		Shah	?–?	1786	1786	son of Sultan Husayn Mirza son of Tahmasp II Tahmasp II Tahmasp II was one of the last Safavid rulers of Persia . Tahmasp was the son of Husayn , the Shah of Iran at that time. When Husayn was forced to abdicate by the Afghans in 1722, Prince Tahmasp wished to claim the throne. He fled to Tabriz where he established a government...	Under control of Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
Hotaki dynasty, 1722–1729
10	Mahmud			Shah		1722	1725
12	Ashraf			Shah		1725	1729		Killed
Afsharid dynasty, 1736–1796
15	Nader Nader Shah Nāder Shāh Afshār ruled as Shah of Iran and was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty. Because of his military genius, some historians have described him as the Napoleon of Persia or the Second Alexander...	Nadhar Qoli Khan		Shah, Sultan, Hakem-ol Hokama, Hazrat-e Ashraf	1698–1747	22 January 1736	19 June 1747	son of Imam Qoli Beig Afshar	Before crowning his title was Tahmasp Qoli Khan. Killed
17	Adel Adil Shah Adil or Adel Shah Afshar or Ali Qoli was Shah of Persia from 1747 until 1748.Subsequent to the assassination of Nader Shah in Fathabad , his nephew Ali Qoli declared himself Adil Shah , and shah of Persia...	Ali Qoli Beig		Shah	1719/20–1749	19 June 1747	29 July 1748	son of Mohammad Ebrahim Khan brother of Nader Nader Shah Nāder Shāh Afshār ruled as Shah of Iran and was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty. Because of his military genius, some historians have described him as the Napoleon of Persia or the Second Alexander...	Deposed, blinded & then killed by Ebrahim Ebrahim Afshar Ibrahim or Ebrahim Shah Afshar was the Shah of Persia during the Afsharid Empire from July to September of 1748. He was Adil Shah's brother and Nader Shah's nephew. He toppled his brother in order to seize the power, and he blinded him on July 6 1748. However, two months later his own troops...
18	Ebrahim Ebrahim Afshar Ibrahim or Ebrahim Shah Afshar was the Shah of Persia during the Afsharid Empire from July to September of 1748. He was Adil Shah's brother and Nader Shah's nephew. He toppled his brother in order to seize the power, and he blinded him on July 6 1748. However, two months later his own troops...	Mohammd Ali Beig		Shah	1724–1749	29 July 1748	3 September 1748	son of Mohammad Ebrahim Khan brother of Nader Nader Shah Nāder Shāh Afshār ruled as Shah of Iran and was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty. Because of his military genius, some historians have described him as the Napoleon of Persia or the Second Alexander...	Deposed & then killed by Shahrokh
19	Shahrokh			Shah	1734–1796	3 September 1748	1796	son of Reza Qoli Mirza son of Nader Nader Shah Nāder Shāh Afshār ruled as Shah of Iran and was the founder of the Afsharid dynasty. Because of his military genius, some historians have described him as the Napoleon of Persia or the Second Alexander... . His mother was Fatemeh Soltan Beigom daughter of Sultan Husayn I Safavi	Deposed & blinded by Suleiman II Suleiman II of Persia His real name was Mir Sayyed Mohammad Marashi he was in charge of the affairs of the Holy Shrine in Mashhad.Young Shahrukh was enthroned at Mashhad in October 1748 by Khorasan nobles and Kurdish, Turkmen, and Bayat chiefs. Two months later Ibrahim proclaimed himself shah; but he was defeated and...  (1749), restored (1750) & finally killed by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
Zand dynasty, 1751–1794
22	Karim Karim Khan Karim Khan Zand, , , was a ruler of Iran, and the founder of the Zand Dynasty.He was born to a family of the Zand tribe of Lur or Lak deportees...	Mohammad Karim		Khan, Vakil e-Ra'aayaa	1705–1779	1751	6 March 1779	son of Inaq Khan & Bay Agha
24	Mohammad Ali Mohammad Ali Khan Mohammad Ali Khan Zand , was the second Shah of the Zand dynasty. He ruled Persia from March 6, 1779 until June 19, 1779.After the death of Karim Khan in 1779, Iran disintegrated once again. Karim Khan's brother Zaki Khan declared Mohammad `Ali, the second son of Karim Khan who was also his...			Khan	1760–1779	6 March 1779	19 June 1779	son of Karim Karim Khan Karim Khan Zand, , , was a ruler of Iran, and the founder of the Zand Dynasty.He was born to a family of the Zand tribe of Lur or Lak deportees...
25	Abolfat'h Abol Fath Khan Abol Fath Khan Zand was the third Shah of Zand dynasty, who ruled the Persian Empire from March 6, 1779 until August 22, 1779....			Khan	1755–1787	6 March 1779	22 August 1779	son of Karim Karim Khan Karim Khan Zand, , , was a ruler of Iran, and the founder of the Zand Dynasty.He was born to a family of the Zand tribe of Lur or Lak deportees...
26	Zaki			Khan	?–22 August 1779	6 March 1779	22 August 1779	son of Budaq Khan & Bay Agha
27	Sadeq	Mohammad Sadeq		Khan	?–1782	22 August 1779	14 March 1781	son of Inaq Khan & Bay Agha
28	Ali Morad Ali Murad Khan Ali Murad Khan Zand the sixth Shah of the Zand dynasty, reigned from March 15, 1781 until February 11, 1785.After the death of Karim Khan Zand, Agha Muhammad Khan who was a hostage--in light of preventing an outbreak of war between the Qajar tribes in the northern Persia and the Zands--escaped...			Khan	1720–1785	14 March 1781	11 February 1785	son of Allah Morad (Qeytas) Khan Zand Hazareh
29	Ja'far Jafar Khan Jafar Khan Zand, was a Shah of Persia who reigned from February 18, 1785 - January 23, 1789. He was the seventh king of Zand dynasty.After Jafar Khan's father, Sadiq Khan, was overthrown by Ali Murad Khan, Jafar Khan vowed to avenge his father and thus after four years of reigning, Ali Murad Khan...			Khan	?–1789	18 February 1785	23 January 1789	son of Sadeq
31	Şeyd Morad Sayed Murad Khan Sayed Murad Khan Zand, was a Shah of Persia who reigned from January 23, 1789 until May 10, 1789. He was the eighth king of the Zand dynasty. His brief reign is indicative of the ruthless and brutal struggle for power that prevailed among members of the Zand family following the death of Karim Khan...			Khan	?–1789	23 January 1789	10 May 1789	son of Khoda Morad Khan Zand Hazareh
32	Lotf Ali Lotf Ali Khan Lutf or Lotf Ali Khan was the last Shah of Persia of the Zand dynasty.Lotf Ali Khan Zand came to power after a decade of infighting among a succession of violent and inept Zand chiefs following the death in 1779 of the dynasty's founder, Karim Khan Zand...			Khan	1769–1794	23 January 1789	20 March 1794	son of Ja'far Jafar Khan Jafar Khan Zand, was a Shah of Persia who reigned from February 18, 1785 - January 23, 1789. He was the seventh king of Zand dynasty.After Jafar Khan's father, Sadiq Khan, was overthrown by Ali Murad Khan, Jafar Khan vowed to avenge his father and thus after four years of reigning, Ali Murad Khan...	Deposed, blinded & then killed by Agha Mohammad Khan Qajar
Qajar dynasty Qajar dynasty The Qajar dynasty was an Iranian royal family of Turkic descent who ruled Persia from 1785 to 1925.... , 1794–1925
33	Mohammad Mohammad Khan Qajar Agha Muḥammad Khān Qājār ‎‎ was the chief of the Qajar tribe, succeeding his father Mohammad Hassan Khan, who was killed on the orders of Adil Shah. He became the Emperor/Shah of Persia in 1794 and established the Qajar dynasty...	Agha Mohammad Khan		Khan, Shah, Khaqan	1742–1797	20 March 1794	17 June 1797	Son of Mohammad Hassan Khan Qajar	Killed
34	Fat'h Ali	Baba Khan		Shah, Khaqan, Soltane Saheb Qaran	1772–1834	17 June 1797	23 October 1834	son of Hosein Qoli Khan Jahansuz brother of Mohammad Mohammad Khan Qajar Agha Muḥammad Khān Qājār ‎‎ was the chief of the Qajar tribe, succeeding his father Mohammad Hassan Khan, who was killed on the orders of Adil Shah. He became the Emperor/Shah of Persia in 1794 and established the Qajar dynasty...
35	Mohammad Mohammad Shah Qajar Mohammad Shah Qajar was king of Persia from the Qajar dynasty .- Rise to power :...			Shah, Khaqan	1808–1848	23 October 1834	5 September 1848	son of Abbas Mirza Nayeb os-Saltaneh son of Fat'h Ali
	Mahd-e Olia Malek Jahan Khanom, Mahd-e Olia Malek Jahan Khanom, Mahd-e Olia, or Mahd-i-'Aliua , was a Persian princess of the Qajar dynasty, consort of Sultan Mohammad Shah Qajar of Persia and the mother of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. She was the granddaughter of Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar of Persia and the cousin of her spouse, Mohammad Shah...			Mahd-e Olia Malek Jahan Khanom, Mahd-e Olia Malek Jahan Khanom, Mahd-e Olia, or Mahd-i-'Aliua , was a Persian princess of the Qajar dynasty, consort of Sultan Mohammad Shah Qajar of Persia and the mother of Naser al-Din Shah Qajar. She was the granddaughter of Fat′h-Ali Shah Qajar of Persia and the cousin of her spouse, Mohammad Shah...	1814–1888	5 September 1848	5 October 1848	wife of Mohammad Mohammad Shah Qajar Mohammad Shah Qajar was king of Persia from the Qajar dynasty .- Rise to power :...	Regent
36	Naser ed-Din			Shah, Khaqan, Soltane Saheb Qaran	1831–1896	5 October 1848	1 May 1896	son of Mohammad Mohammad Shah Qajar Mohammad Shah Qajar was king of Persia from the Qajar dynasty .- Rise to power :...  and Mahd-e Olia	Killed
37	Mozaffar ed-Din			Shah, Khaqan	1853–1907	1 May 1896	3 January 1907	son of Naser ed-Din
38	Mohammd Ali Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar was the Shah of Persia from 8 January 1907 to 16 July 1909.-Biography:He was against the constitution that was ratified during the reign of his father, Mozzafar-al-Din Shah...			Shah	1872–1925	3 January 1907	16 July 1909	son of Mozaffar ed-Din	Deposed
39	Ahmad Ahmad Shah Qajar Ahmad Shah Qajar ‎ was Shah of Iran from July 16, 1909, to October 31, 1925 and the last of the Qajar dynasty.- Reign :...			Shah	1898–1930	16 July 1909	15 December 1925	son of Mohammd Ali Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar was the Shah of Persia from 8 January 1907 to 16 July 1909.-Biography:He was against the constitution that was ratified during the reign of his father, Mozzafar-al-Din Shah...	Deposed
Pahlavi dynasty Pahlavi dynasty The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty consisted of two Iranian/Persian monarchs, father and son Reza Shah Pahlavi (reg. 1925–1941) and Mohammad Reza Shah Pahlavi The Pahlavi dynasty ... , 1925–1979
40	Reza Reza Shah Rezā Shāh, also known as Rezā Shāh Pahlavi and Rezā Shāh Kabir , , was the Shah of the Imperial State of Iran from December 15, 1925, until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran on September 16, 1941.In 1925, Reza Shah overthrew Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last Shah of the Qajar...			Shahanshah	1878–1944	15 December 1925	16 September 1941	Son of Abbas Ali	Deposed
41	Mohammad Reza Mohammad Reza Pahlavi Mohammad Rezā Shāh Pahlavi, Shah of Iran, Shah of Persia , ruled Iran from 16 September 1941 until his overthrow by the Iranian Revolution on 11 February 1979...			Shahanshah, Ariamehr, Bozorg Arteshtaran, Khodaygan	1919–1980	16 September 1941	11 February 1979	son of Reza Reza Shah Rezā Shāh, also known as Rezā Shāh Pahlavi and Rezā Shāh Kabir , , was the Shah of the Imperial State of Iran from December 15, 1925, until he was forced to abdicate by the Anglo-Soviet invasion of Iran on September 16, 1941.In 1925, Reza Shah overthrew Ahmad Shah Qajar, the last Shah of the Qajar...	Deposed

See also

• History of Iran
  History of Iran
  The history of Iran has been intertwined with the history of a larger historical region, comprising the area from the Danube River in the west to the Indus River and Jaxartes in the east and from the Caucasus, Caspian Sea, and Aral Sea in the north to the Persian Gulf and the Gulf of Oman and Egypt...
  
  
• Persian Empire
  Achaemenid Empire
  The Achaemenid Empire , sometimes known as First Persian Empire and/or Persian Empire, was founded in the 6th century BCE by Cyrus the Great who overthrew the Median confederation...
  
  
• List of ancient Persians
• Shahzada
  Shahzada
  Shahzada may refer to:*Shahzada, princely title, crown prince, the son of a shah.*Haji Shahzada , one of the Guantanamo captives whose 2004 CSR Tribunal determined he was not an enemy after all....
  
  
• Shahbanu
  Shahbanu
  Shahbanu means Empress in Persian. It was a title that was only conferred on the third royal consort of Mohammad Reza Shah, Farah Pahlavi, in 1967....