Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase HRX is an enzyme

Enzyme

Enzymes are proteins that catalyze chemical reactions. In enzymatic reactions, the molecules at the beginning of the process, called substrates, are converted into different molecules, called products. Almost all chemical reactions in a biological cell need enzymes in order to occur at rates...

 that in humans is encoded by the MLL (ALL1) gene

Gene

A gene is a molecular unit of heredity of a living organism. It is a name given to some stretches of DNA and RNA that code for a type of protein or for an RNA chain that has a function in the organism. Living beings depend on genes, as they specify all proteins and functional RNA chains...

.

MLL is a histone methyltransferase

Methyltransferase

A methyltransferase is a type of transferase enzyme that transfers a methyl group from a donor to an acceptor.Methylation often occurs on nucleic bases in DNA or amino acids in protein structures...

 deemed a positive global regulator of gene transcription. This protein

Protein

Proteins are biochemical compounds consisting of one or more polypeptides typically folded into a globular or fibrous form, facilitating a biological function. A polypeptide is a single linear polymer chain of amino acids bonded together by peptide bonds between the carboxyl and amino groups of...

 belongs to the group of histone-modifying enzymes

Histone-Modifying Enzymes

The packaging of the eukaryotic genome into highly condensed chromatin makes it inaccessible to the factors required for gene transcription, DNA replication, recombination and repair. Eukaryotes have developed intricate mechanisms to overcome this repressive barrier imposed by the chromatin...

 comprising transactivation domain 9aaTAD and is involved in the epigenetic maintenance of transcriptional memory.

Rearrangements of the MLL gene are associated with aggressive acute leukemia

Leukemia

Leukemia or leukaemia is a type of cancer of the blood or bone marrow characterized by an abnormal increase of immature white blood cells called "blasts". Leukemia is a broad term covering a spectrum of diseases...

s (ALL). It also may participate in the process of GAD67 downregulation in schizophrenia

Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia is a mental disorder characterized by a disintegration of thought processes and of emotional responsiveness. It most commonly manifests itself as auditory hallucinations, paranoid or bizarre delusions, or disorganized speech and thinking, and it is accompanied by significant social...

.

Interactions

MLL (gene) has been shown to interact

Protein-protein interaction

Protein–protein interactions occur when two or more proteins bind together, often to carry out their biological function. Many of the most important molecular processes in the cell such as DNA replication are carried out by large molecular machines that are built from a large number of protein...

 with HDAC1

HDAC1

Histone deacetylase 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the HDAC1 gene.-Interactions:HDAC1 has been shown to interact with RAD9A, DNMT3L, MTA1, FKBP3, CDC20, CDH1, Host cell factor C1, BUB3, Nuclear receptor co-repressor 2, IKZF1, Prohibitin, EVI1, DDX5, DNMT3A, Mothers against...

, PPP1R15A

PPP1R15A

Protein phosphatase 1 regulatory subunit 15A is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPP1R15A gene.-Interactions:PPP1R15A has been shown to interact with PPP1CB, PPP1CA, PPP1CC, SMARCB1, LYN, TSN, BAG1 and MLL.-Further reading:...

, Host cell factor C1

Host cell factor C1

Host cell factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HCFC1 gene.-Interactions:Host cell factor C1 has been shown to interact with HDAC1, Histone deacetylase 2, OGT, SIN3A, SUDS3, ZBTB17, Sp1 transcription factor, MLL, PPP1CA, POU2F1, PDCD2, WDR5, CREB3 and GABPA.-Further reading:...

, MEN1

MEN1

Menin is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MEN1 gene. Menin is a putative tumor suppressor associated with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1....

, RBBP5

RBBP5

Retinoblastoma-binding protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the RBBP5 gene.-Interactions:RBBP5 has been shown to interact with NCOA6, MLL3, ASCL2 and MLL.-Further reading:...

, ASH2L

ASH2L

Set1/Ash2 histone methyltransferase complex subunit ASH2 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ASH2L gene.-Interactions:ASH2L has been shown to interact with MLL.-Further reading:...

, CREB binding protein

CREB binding protein

CREB-binding protein, also known as CREBBP or CBP, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CREBBP gene.The CREB protein carries out its function by activating transcription, where interaction with transcription factors is managed by one or more of p300 domains: the nuclear receptor...

, WDR5

WDR5

WD repeat-containing protein 5 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the WDR5 gene.-Interactions:WDR5 has been shown to interact with Host cell factor C1 and MLL. It also interacts with the long non-coding RNA HOTTIP.-Further reading:...

, CTBP1

CTBP1

C-terminal-binding protein 1 also known as CtBP1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the CTBP1 gene.- Function :The CtBP1 protein binds to the C-terminus of adenovirus E1A proteins. This phosphoprotein is a transcriptional repressor and may play a role during cellular proliferation...

 and PPIE

PPIE (gene)

Peptidyl-prolyl cis-trans isomerase E is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the PPIE gene.-Interactions:PPIE has been shown to interact with MLL.-Further reading:...

.

External links

• Gene MLL on the Atlas of Genetics and Oncology
  Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology
  The Atlas of Genetics and Cytogenetics in Oncology and Haematology is a collection of resources on genes, chromosomes anomalies, leukemias, solid tumours, and cancer-prone diseases...