Machaonia
Encyclopedia
Machaonia is a genus
of flowering plant
s in the family
Rubiaceae
. It has about 32 species. All are indigenous
to the neotropics. None has a unique common name
. Some species have been called "alfilerillo", a Spanish
name for the common and well-known genus Erodium
. The type species
for Machaonia is Machaonia acuminata.
Machaonia was named
by Humboldt
and Bonpland
in 1806 in their book, Plantae Aequinoctiales. This genus name is for Machaon, the son of Asclepias
in Greek Mythology
.
Phylogenetic studies
of DNA sequence
s have shown that Machaonia is paraphyletic over Neoblakea and Allenanthus
.
.
Genus
In biology, a genus is a low-level taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of living and fossil organisms, which is an example of definition by genus and differentia...
of flowering plant
Flowering plant
The flowering plants , also known as Angiospermae or Magnoliophyta, are the most diverse group of land plants. Angiosperms are seed-producing plants like the gymnosperms and can be distinguished from the gymnosperms by a series of synapomorphies...
s in the family
Family (biology)
In biological classification, family is* a taxonomic rank. Other well-known ranks are life, domain, kingdom, phylum, class, order, genus, and species, with family fitting between order and genus. As for the other well-known ranks, there is the option of an immediately lower rank, indicated by the...
Rubiaceae
Rubiaceae
The Rubiaceae is a family of flowering plants, variously called the coffee family, madder family, or bedstraw family. The group contains many commonly known plants, including the economically important coffee , quinine , and gambier , and the horticulturally valuable madder , west indian jasmine ,...
. It has about 32 species. All are indigenous
Indigenous (ecology)
In biogeography, a species is defined as native to a given region or ecosystem if its presence in that region is the result of only natural processes, with no human intervention. Every natural organism has its own natural range of distribution in which it is regarded as native...
to the neotropics. None has a unique common name
Common name
A common name of a taxon or organism is a name in general use within a community; it is often contrasted with the scientific name for the same organism...
. Some species have been called "alfilerillo", a Spanish
Spanish language
Spanish , also known as Castilian , is a Romance language in the Ibero-Romance group that evolved from several languages and dialects in central-northern Iberia around the 9th century and gradually spread with the expansion of the Kingdom of Castile into central and southern Iberia during the...
name for the common and well-known genus Erodium
Erodium
Erodium is a genus of the botanical family Geraniaceae. The genus includes about 60 species, for the most part originating in the Mediterranean or Western Asian regions...
. The type species
Type species
In biological nomenclature, a type species is both a concept and a practical system which is used in the classification and nomenclature of animals and plants. The value of a "type species" lies in the fact that it makes clear what is meant by a particular genus name. A type species is the species...
for Machaonia is Machaonia acuminata.
Machaonia was named
Botanical name
A botanical name is a formal scientific name conforming to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature and, if it concerns a plant cultigen, the additional cultivar and/or Group epithets must conform to the International Code of Nomenclature for Cultivated Plants...
by Humboldt
Alexander von Humboldt
Friedrich Wilhelm Heinrich Alexander Freiherr von Humboldt was a German naturalist and explorer, and the younger brother of the Prussian minister, philosopher and linguist Wilhelm von Humboldt...
and Bonpland
Aimé Bonpland
Aimé Jacques Alexandre Bonpland was a French explorer and botanist.Bonpland's real name was Goujaud, and he was born in La Rochelle, a coastal city in France. After serving as a surgeon in the French army, and studying under J. N...
in 1806 in their book, Plantae Aequinoctiales. This genus name is for Machaon, the son of Asclepias
Asclepias
Asclepias L. , the milkweeds, is a genus of herbaceous perennial, dicotyledonous plants that contains over 140 known species...
in Greek Mythology
Greek mythology
Greek mythology is the body of myths and legends belonging to the ancient Greeks, concerning their gods and heroes, the nature of the world, and the origins and significance of their own cult and ritual practices. They were a part of religion in ancient Greece...
.
Phylogenetic studies
Research
Research can be defined as the scientific search for knowledge, or as any systematic investigation, to establish novel facts, solve new or existing problems, prove new ideas, or develop new theories, usually using a scientific method...
of DNA sequence
DNA sequence
The sequence or primary structure of a nucleic acid is the composition of atoms that make up the nucleic acid and the chemical bonds that bond those atoms. Because nucleic acids, such as DNA and RNA, are unbranched polymers, this specification is equivalent to specifying the sequence of...
s have shown that Machaonia is paraphyletic over Neoblakea and Allenanthus
Allenanthus
Allenanthus was a genus of flowering plants in the Rubiaceae family but is no longer recognized. It has been sunk into synonymy with Machaonia.-Taxonomy:Allenanthus was named by Paul Standley in 1940 in Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden...
.
Species
The following species list may be incomplete or contain synonymsSynonym (taxonomy)
In scientific nomenclature, a synonym is a scientific name that is or was used for a taxon of organisms that also goes by a different scientific name. For example, Linnaeus was the first to give a scientific name to the Norway spruce, which he called Pinus abies...
.
|
Machaonia woodburyana Machaonia woodburyana, the Alfilerillo, is a species of plant in the Rubiaceae family. It is found in the U.S. Virgin Islands and the British Virgin Islands in the Caribbean. According to the it is endemic to the island of St. John. -Habitat:... |
External links
- Machaonia At: Search Page At: World Checklist of Rubiaceae At: Index by Team At: Projects At: Science Directory At: Scientific Research and Data At: Kew Gardens
- Machaonia At:Index Nominum Genericorum At: References At: NMNH Department of Botany At: Research and Collections At: Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History
- http://www.ipni.org/ipni/advPlantNameSearch.do;jsessionid=C002FD28FFFED53FFEAB5C23FDE018C6?find_family=&find_genus=Machaonia+&find_species=&find_infrafamily=&find_infragenus=&find_infraspecies=&find_authorAbbrev=&find_includePublicationAuthors=on&find_includePublicationAuthors=off&find_includeBasionymAuthors=on&find_includeBasionymAuthors=off&find_publicationTitle=&find_isAPNIRecord=on&find_isAPNIRecord=false&find_isGCIRecord=on&find_isGCIRecord=false&find_isIKRecord=on&find_isIKRecord=false&find_rankToReturn=all&output_format=normal&find_sortByFamily=on&find_sortByFamily=off&query_type=by_query&back_page=plantsearchMachaonia] At: Plant Names At: IPNI
- Machaonia In Volume 1 Of: http://www.worldcat.org/title/plantae-aequinoctiales-per-regnum-mexici-in-provinciis-caracarum-et-novae-andalusiae-in-peruvianorum-quitensium-novae-granatae-andibus-ad-orenoci-fluvii-nigri-fluminis-amazorum-ripas-nascentes-in-ordinem-digessit-amatus-bompland/oclc/670098798?title=&detail=&page=frame&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fbibliography%2F460%26checksum%3Df10e89f30428d00e1d578a7cbf5f6f88&linktype=digitalObjectVoyage de Humboldt et Bonpland Sixieme Partie Botanique Plantes Équinoxiales] At: Titles At: Biodiversity Heritage Library
- Machaonia At: List of Genera At: Rubiaceae At: List of families At: Families and Genera in GRIN At: Queries At: GRIN taxonomy for plants
- Machaonia portoricensis At:Wildland Shrubs At: International Institute of Tropical Forestry At: International At: U.S. Forest Service