Mazda MX-5
Encyclopedia
The MX-5, also known as Miata (icon) in North America and Eunos Roadster in Japan, is a lightweight two-seater roadster
, of front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout
, built by Mazda
in Hiroshima
, Japan. The model was introduced in 1989 at the Chicago Auto Show
. The MX-5 was conceived as a small roadster
– with light weight and minimal mechanical complexity limited only by legal and safety requirements; technologically modern, but a philosophically direct descendant of the small British roadsters of the 1960s such as the Triumph Spitfire
, Austin-Healey Sprite
, MG MGB
and mainly the Lotus Elan
.
The second generation MX-5 (NB) was launched in 1998 and the current (NC) model has been in production since 2006. It continues to be the best-selling two-seat convertible sports car in history and by February 2011, 900,000 MX-5s have been built and sold around the world, with more than 100,000 still on the road in the UK as of June 2011.
Since the launch of the third generation MX-5, Mazda consolidated worldwide marketing using the MX-5 name, though enthusiasts in the US still refer to it as Miata, a name that means "reward" in Old High German
, and the vehicle in 2011 was still marketed by Mazda in the US as the MX-5 Miata in printed showroom brochures.
engine to 1993, a 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) engine thereafter (with a de-tuned 1.6 as a budget option in some markets) – recognizable by its pop-up headlights. The second generation (NB) was introduced in 1998 with a slight increase in engine power; it can be recognized by the fixed headlights and the glass rear window. The third generation (NC) was introduced in 2005 with a 2 l (122 cu in) engine.
It was launched at a time when production of small roadsters had fallen into almost total disuse. The Alfa Romeo Spider
was the only comparable volume model in production at the time of the MX-5's launch. Just a decade earlier, a whole host of similar models - notably the MG B, Triumph TR7
, Triumph Spitfire
and Fiat Spider - had been available.
The body is a conventional, but light, unibody or monocoque
construction, with (detachable) front and rear subframe
s. The MX-5 also incorporates a truss marketed as the Powerplant Frame (PPF) which connects the engine to the differential, minimizing flex and contributing to responsive handling. Some MX-5s feature limited slip differential
s and anti-lock braking system
. Traction control
is an option available on NC models. The earlier cars weighed in at just over a ton, with engine power output usually 116 bhp. The later cars were heavier, with higher power engines.
With an approximate 50:50 front/rear weight balance, the car has nearly neutral handling
. Inducing oversteer is easy and very controllable, thus making the MX-5 a popular choice for amateur and stock racing, including, in the US, the Sports Car Club of America
's Solo2 autocross
and Spec Miata
race series and in the UK the Ma5da racing championship.
The MX-5 has won many awards including Wheels Magazine
's Car of the Year
for 1989 and 2005; Sports Car International
s "best sports car of the 1990s" and "ten best sports cars of all time"; 2005-2006 Car of the Year Japan
; and 2005 Australia
n Car of the Year. The Miata has also made Car and Driver
magazine's annual Ten Best
list 10 times. In their December 2009 issue, Grassroots Motorsports
magazine named the Miata as the most important sports car built during the previous 25 years.
In 2009, Automotive critic Jeremy Clarkson
wrote:
magazine who was an expert in Japanese cars and fluent in the language, met Kenichi Yamamoto and Gai Arai, head of Research and Development at Mazda. Yamamoto and Gai Arai asked Hall what kind of car Mazda should make in the future:
In 1981, Hall moved to a product planning position with Mazda US and again met Yamamoto, now chairman of Mazda Motors, who remembered their conversation about a roadster and in 1982 gave Hall the go-ahead to research the idea further. At this time Hall hired designer Mark Jordan to join the newly formed Mazda design studio in Southern California. There, Hall and Jordan collaborated on the parameters of the initial image, proportion and visualization of the "light-weight sports" concept. In 1983, the idea turned concept was approved under the "Offline 55" program, an internal Mazda initiative that sought to change the way new models were developed. Thus, under head of project Masakatsu, the concept development was turned into a competition between the Mazda design teams in Tokyo and California.
The Californian team proposed a front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout
, codenamed Duo 101, in line with the British roadster ancestry, but their Japanese counterparts favored the more common front-engine, front-wheel drive layout or the rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout.
The first round of judging the competing designs was held in April 1984. At this stage, designs were presented solely on paper. The mid-engined car appeared the most impressive, although it was known at the time that such a layout would struggle to meet the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH
) requirements of the project. It was only at the second round of the competition in August 1984, when full-scale clay models were presented, that the Duo 101 won the competition and was selected as the basis for Mazda's new light-weight sports car.
The Duo 101, so named as either a soft top or hard top could be used, incorporated many key stylistic cues inspired by the Lotus Elan
, a 1960s roadster. International Automotive Design (IAD)
in Worthing
, England was commissioned to develop a running prototype, codenamed V705. It was built with a fiberglass body, a 1.4 l (85.4 cu in) engine from a Mazda Familia
and components from a variety of early Mazda models. The V705 was completed in August 1985 and taken to the US where it rolled on the roads around Santa Barbara
and got positive reactions.
The project received final approval on 18 January 1986. The model's codename was changed to P729 as it moved into production phase, under head of program Toshihiko Hirai. The task of constructing five engineering mules (more developed prototypes) was again allocated to IAD, which also conducted the first front and rear crash test
s on the P729. While Tom Matano, Mark Jordan, Wu Huang Chin, Norman Garrett and Koichi Hayashi worked on the final design, the project was moved to Japan for engineering and production details.
By 1989, with a definitive model name now chosen, the MX-5 (as in "Mazda Experiment", project number 5) was ready to be introduced to the world as a true lightweight sports car, weighing just 940 kg (2,072.3 lb).
Although Mazda's concept was for the MX-5 to be an inexpensive sports car, the market proved extremely eager for it; the car became an overnight novelty, resulting in many dealers placing customers on lists for pre-order due to the demand exceeding the anticipated supply. Several dealers across North America resultingly took advantage of this high demand and dramatically increased the markup on the vehicle; some asked for as much as USD $17,000 retail price.
With the first generation of the MX-5, the phrase was developed into five specific core design requirements:
The MX-5 was unveiled at the Chicago Auto Show
on February 10, 1989, with a price tag of US$
14,000 (US$
25,400 in 2011 adjusted for inflation). The MX-5, with production code NA, was made available for delivery to buyers worldwide in the following dates: March 1989 in Japan; May 1989 (as a 1990 model) in the US and Canada; and 1990 in Europe. An optional hardtop
was made available at the same time, in sheet moulding compound
(SMC). Demand initially outstripped production, fueled by enthusiastic press reviews.
In Japan, the car was not badged as a Mazda, as the company was experimenting with the creation of different marques for deluxe models, similar to Nissan's Infiniti
and Toyota's Lexus
(both brands of which launched at the same time as the Miata). Instead, the Mazda MX-5 was sold as the Eunos
Roadster in that market.
The body shell of the NA was all-steel with a light-weight aluminium
hood
. Overall dimensions were 3970 mm (156.3 in) in length, 1675 mm (65.9 in) in width, and 1235 mm (48.6 in) in height. Without options, the NA weighed only 2150 lb (975.2 kg). Drag coefficient
was indicated as 0.38. Suspension was an independent double wishbone on all four wheels, with an anti-roll bar at the front and rear. Four wheel-disc brakes, ventilated at the front, were behind alloy wheels with 185/60HR14 radial tire
s. The base model came with stamped steel wheels from the then-current 323/Protege.
The original MX-5 came with a 1.6 l (97.6 cu in) dual overhead cam inline four-cylinder engine
, producing 86 kW at 6,800 rpm, and 136 newton metre of torque
at 5,500 rpm. The engine employs an electronic fuel injection
system using a vane-type air flow meter
and an electronic ignition system with a camshaft angle sensor instead of a distributor
. This engine, codename B6ZE(RS), was specifically designed for the MX-5 and featured a lightened crankshaft, flywheel, and aluminum sump with cooling fins.
Standard transmission
was 5-speed manual. In Japan and the US, an optional automatic transmission
was also offered but proved to be unpopular. The Japanese and American markets also received an optional viscous limited slip rear differential
, although it was only available for cars with a manual transmission. To achieve the low introductory price, the base model was stripped. It had steel wheels, manual steering, roll-up windows, and no stereo or air-conditioning. Power steering, air-conditioning, and stereo were added as standard equipment in later years.
The NA could reach 60 mph (96.6 km/h) in 9.1 seconds and had a top speed of 116 mph (186.7 km/h). This first generation of Miata (often referred to as the NA) included a special edition in 1991, produced in British Racing Green
with the first use of tan interior.
1500 LE (Limited Edition) cars were produced in 1993. This model featured red leather interior, upgraded stereo, Nardi shift knob, leather wrapped steering wheel, cruise, limited slip differential, power windows, power mirrors, power steering, air conditioning, BBS wheels, Bilstein shocks, front and rear spoilers, ABS brakes, stainless sill plates, and Harley style peanut tank door speaker trim. All 1993 LE cars came in black.
For the 1994 model year, the first-generation MX-5 was freshened with the introduction of the more powerful 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) BP-ZE engine, dual airbag
s and a limited slip differential
in some markets. The chassis was substantially braced to meet new side-impact standards, most visibly by adding a "track bar" between the seatbelt towers inside the car, but also to the front and rear subframes. Also, 1994 and 1995 were the only years in which Mazda offered a light metallic blue paint (Laguna Blue Mica), making these cars rare collectors cars to some. 1994 also saw the introduction of the "R" package, a sport-themed package with Bilstein shocks and subtle underbody spoilers, in addition to the removal of unnecessary items such as power steering. No body style changes were made, however.
The new 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) engine produced 98 kW, which was then increased to 99 kW for the 1996 model year. The base weight increased to 990 kg (2,182.6 lb). Performance was improved slightly, the additional power being partly offset by the extra weight. In some markets such as Europe, the 1.6 l (97.6 cu in) engine continued to be available as a lower-cost option, but was detuned to 66 kW. This lower-powered model did not receive all the additional chassis bracing of the new 1.8 l (109.8 cu in). Japanese and US cars were fitted with an optional Torsen
LSD, which was far more durable than the previous viscous differential.
There were a number of trim levels and special editions available, determined by local Mazda marketing departments. In the US, the base model was offered for US$
13,995 at launch and was very basic, with manual windows, steel wheels, and without A/C or power steering. The "A Package" offered power steering, a leather-wrapped steering wheel, aluminum alloy wheels and cassette stereo. The "B Package" added power windows, along with cruise control and headrest speakers, while the "C Package" included a tan interior and top and leather seats. The "R Package" was for racing, and the annual special editions were formalized as "M Editions". These included all of the luxury options from the "C Package" as well as special paint and, sometimes, special wheels. In the UK, to celebrate Mazda's 24 hours of Le Mans
win, Mazda brought out a special edition of the MX-5, with the winner's color scheme (see Mazda 787B
) and came equipped with BBR (Brodie Brittain Racing) turbo conversion; the car is one of the most sought after special edition cars of the MX-5s.
The first generation MX-5 was phased out with the 1997 model year (with the exception of 400 limited edition Berkeley models sold only in the UK in 1998 to mark the end of the NA), with the final 1500 NAs produced for the US market being the "STO" ("Special Touring Option") versions.
. Founded in November 1991, M2, also known as "Mazda Too", was Mazda's new off-line planning / niche-house / Research & Development company back in the early '90s. The M2 Corp. employees had noble intentions — creating niche-mobiles derived from Mazda's volume products. Although M2's basic mission involved focusing on the "soft" aspects of vehicle design in an attempt to create more specifically targeted niche variants, the changes to the off-line cars would go well beyond mere cosmetics.
Heading the M2 operation was Mr. Masakatsu Kato, original father of the Miata (Eunos Roadster) in Japan, as well as creator of several Mazda concept vehicles. Kato-san was assisted by Hirotaka Tachibana, development engineer responsible for the superb dynamics of the FC (second-generation RX-7) and the NA Roadster (Miata MX-5). M2 Corp. was based out of Tokyo, Japan. M2-Corp was a 100% owned subsidiary of Mazda, and it was closed by Mazda in 1995. Mazda kept a similar program going with the Mazdaspeed vehicles, and then in the late '90s Mazdaspeed was absorbed into Mazda as a subsidiary company in Mazda Auto Tokyo. There were many types of M2 branded vehicles between 1991 and 1995, beginning with the 1001 up to the 1031 Cafe Racer (Dec-91).
M2-1001 Cafe Roadster (Dec-91) Limited 1/300
M2 Corp. released the M2-1001 Roadster in December 1991. It was a special "Limited Production" Roadster variant that was a short production run of only 300 units, in a special Blue/Black Mica Paint, with a sticker price of $26,000. Prospective buyers were required to show up in person at M2's Tokyo headquarters to register for a lottery to place an order for this extremely limited Roadster.
This upscale Eunos Roadster was M2's first turn-key, race-ready offering. Here is a list of some of the goodies that made it so popular: functional front airdam with integrated fog lamps, vintage aero mirrors, 4-point roll bar, vintage gauge cluster, fixed back bucket seats, polished 3-spoke steering wheel, stiffer suspension package with M2 specific rates, polished aluminum strut brace, upgraded exhaust by HKS, intake system, 1.6L motor with new aggressive pistons, upgraded camshaft, lightweight flywheel, LSD cooling intake, manual steering, manual windows (A/C was optional), racing pedals, centerless console with matching shortened radio bezel, aluminum gas filler cap, a more aggressive wheel & tire package (15" x 6" Panasport rims), and a rear spoiler (which became standard for the R package). The performance changes made to the Roadster would bump the power to 132 bhp @ 7,000rpm, and 109 lbf.ft of torque @ 5,500rpm. Once released, it proved so popular that people were paying up to $35,000 for one.
M2-1002 Vintage Roadster (Nov-92) Limited 1/300
M2-CORP released its second Roadster in late 1992, with a sightly different front bumper but all the same items as the previous 1001 Roadster. This one did not do as well as the 1001.
M2-1028 Street Competition Roadster (Feb-94) Limited 1/300
M2-CORP released its third Roadster in early 1994, based on the original "Jinba Ittai" concept made by Toshihiko Hirai. This was billed as a track-ready Roadster. (The US saw a cheaper version known as the R-Package.) Offered in Chaste White or Brilliant Black only, this Roadster used the new 1.8L powerplant with upgraded pistons, camshafts, and other similar goodies as the previous 1001 and 1002. This Roadster had an output of close to 150 bhp, and included 14" Eunos Factory Rims with a unique gunmetal paint with polished lip. The only real changes were a new set of lightweight side mirrors, MOMO Steering Wheel, Centerless console, racing seats, racing tow hook, a set of lower lip spoilers (R-Package) and a newly designed "Duck-Tail" trunk lid with integrated spoiler. The M2-1028 trunk lid was made from aluminum and weighed only 7.7 lb (3.5 kg), a very light weight from the original lid of 15.5 lb (7 kg). It also came with a 6-point roll cage, but no soft-top, instead featuring a tarp that stretched over the cage. With optional FRP Hardtop with plexiglass rear window for more weight savings coming in at only 19 lb (8.6 kg).
In 1998, Mazda released the second-generation MX-5, production code NB, for the 1999 model year. The NB featured a more powerful engine and external styling cues borrowed from the third generation Mazda RX-7
model. Prices in the United States, the main market for the MX-5, started at US$
19,770 (US$
26,700 in 2011 adjusted for inflation).
Although many parts of the interior and body were different, the most notable changes were the headlamps: the first generation's retractable headlamps
no longer passed pedestrian safety
tests and were replaced by fixed ones. The new car grew slightly in width compared to the earlier model; its dimensions were: length 3945 mm (155.3 in), width 1678 mm (66.1 in), height 1228 mm (48.3 in) and wheelbase 2265 mm (89.2 in). Without options, the NB weighed 1000 kg (2300 lb). The new generation was slightly more aerodynamic than the original, with a Cd figure of 0.36.
The NB continued to employ four-wheel independent suspension, with enlarged anti-roll bars at the front and rear, but the wheels, tires and brakes were significantly upgraded: anti-lock braking system
was offered as an option; alloy wheels were now 14 in (355.6 mm) or 15 in (381 mm) in diameter and 6 in (152.4 mm) in width, depending on the trim package; sports models were equipped with the larger wheels and 195/50VR15 tires.
The BP-4W engine remained at 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) but received several minor updates. The engine compression ratio was raised from 9.0:1 to 9.5:1 by adding slightly domed pistons; the intake cam was changed to a solid lifter design with a stronger cam; the intake runners in the head were straightened and the intake manifold was mounted higher up. Mazda's Variable Intake Control System was introduced, which effectively gave a long narrow intake manifold at low rpm for better swirl, changing to a short, free-flowing manifold at high rpm for maximum breathing. Power output of the new engine was quoted at 104.4 kW with 116 lbf.ft of torque.
The 1.6 l (97.6 cu in) B6 engine remained available in Europe and Japan. The base-model 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) NB could reach 62 mph (99.8 km/h) in 8.5 s and had a top speed of 130 mph (209.2 km/h).
and Bilstein shock absorbers; performance figures were slightly different, with slower acceleration but higher top speed than the standard 5 speed model. The model's nickname among owners and enthusiasts was 10AM or 10AE (as in "10th Anniversary Edition"). The car had a unique sapphire blue mica (called innocent blue in Japan) paint colour with two-toned black leather and blue alcantara
seats. The addition of the sixth gear resulted in different performance results, with 0–100 km/h (62.1 mph) in 7.5 seconds, a tenth of a second slower than the standard 5 speed model, due to the heavier weight. However, as the 10AM was heavier, its top rated speed was higher, at 214 km/h (133 mph) instead of 210 km/h (130.5 mph). Combined consumption was 8.0 instead of 8.5 l/100 km (29 instead of 28 mpg).
Each car was sequentially numbered on a badge on the driver-side front quarter panel. A "Certificate of Authenticity" with the same number came with each car, signed by Mazda President James E. Miller and dated 10 February 1999. On certain markets, a gift set was also included, consisting of a 1/24 scale diecast model, two Seiko-branded wristwatches (his and hers) with matching blue faceplate and Miata logo, and metal keychain in the form of the Miata logo, all encased in a luxury blue velvet box. Despite the publicity that Mazda gave to this model, it took more than a year to sell all units, drawing criticism that too many units had been produced (another factor was the high price with an MSRP of $26,875, about $6500 more than a base model). For comparison,there were 3,500 units of the NC's 3rd Generation Limited launch model in 2005, and regular limited editions produced each year do not usually exceed 1,500 units per region. The polished wheels are notorious for corroding once the thin lacquer coating is damaged. Mazda replaced thousands of sets under warranty. There were minor differences in specification according to the market, such as no sports appearance package (front/side/back skirts, rear wing) or air conditioning for Europe.
7,500 units of the 10th Anniversary were produced, with 3,700 distributed to Europe (of which: 600 - UK, 20 - Portugal), 3,150 to North America (of which 3,000 to US and 150 to Canada), 500 to Japan and 150 to Australia. Car number 7,500 was sold in the UK.
magazine. The body was strengthened, gaining 16% in bending rigidity
and 22% in torsional rigidity
. With the minimum of options, the 2001 model weighed 1065 kg (2,347.9 lb).
The 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) BP-Z3 engine was slightly modified and now featured variable valve timing
on the intake camshaft. The intake and exhaust system also received a minor upgrade. These modifications resulted in a power output of 113 kW (Japan, UK and Australia) or 107 kW (US only). In the United States, Mazda erroneously quoted the power figure for the Japanese and Australian model in early catalogues. Car and Driver
magazine and numerous owners confirmed the missing power, and Mazda offered to buy back the 2001 cars due to those misleading power claims. Owners who did not take up the buy back offer were offered an apology and free servicing for the warranty period.
2002 saw the launch of the MX5 SP. The MX-5 SP was developed and sold in Australia and its turbocharged engine produced 157 kW at 6800 rpm. Only 100 of these cars were built. The SP was very expensive in comparison to a standard MX5 at the time but offered blistering performance. It has fast become a cult classic and sought after model in Australia.
In 2003 Mazda launched a campaign to target a younger group of drivers with the introduction of the Shinsen Version (SV) Miata. The Shinsen (Japanese for "Fresh and New") provided an intermediate step between the base model and the pricier LS. Equipped with most standard features on the LS, such as cruise control and aluminum brush trim. This limited production model also shared an inverted color scheme of the same year Special Edition with a titanium silver exterior and dark blue top and interior.
During the 2004 model year, a division of Mazda in Japan produced the Roadster Coupé, with an integral hardtop roof. The body structure was reworked to incorporate the roof for a substantial increase in chassis rigidity and a weight increase of 10 kg (22 lb). Production was limited to 350 units for Japan only.
The 2004 model year saw the introduction of the official turbocharged Mazdaspeed
MX-5, Roadster Turbo in Japan. It featured an IHI RHF5 VJ35 turbocharger equipped variant of the BP-4W engine that produced 180 bhp at 6000 rpm with a front-mounted air-to-air intercooler. The MAZDASPEED could reach 60 mph (96.6 km/h) in 6.4 seconds but had a top speed of only 203|km/h|126 mph due to its low 6,500 rev limit. With its upgraded suspension and wider tires, the Mazdaspeed model could pull over 0.98 g in lateral grip. Other features included upgraded 6 speed transmission and clutch assemblies, upgraded drivetrain components, Racing Hart 17 in (431.8 mm) alloy wheels, special interior trim. Perhaps the most obscure detail change of the MazdaSpeed overhaul of the MX-5 was the fitment of a custom, lightweight oil dipstick. The 2004 Mazdaspeed MX-5 was only available in Velocity Red Mica and Titanium Gray Metallic while the 2005 model was available additionally in Lava Orange Mica and Black Mica. Of the 5,428 Mazdaspeed MX-5s produced during model years 2004 and 2005, 4,000 were produced in 2004; the 2005 production run was shortened to only 1428, due to a fire at the production facility. This model was also marketed in Australia as an MX-5 SE without any Mazdaspeed branding (exhaust tip excluded), featured 3.63 diff gears and was available in Sunlight Silver.
The exterior styling resembles the original design, but unlike the update from NA to NB, which was mostly a nose/tail/interior change, the NC shares no components with the NB, except for the side-panel turning-lights on non-US models. The lead stylist of this model generation was Moray Callum
.
The suspension has changed from a 4-wheel double wishbone setup to a front wishbone/rear multilink
setup. Technologies like traction control
and stability control were added to increase driveability. According to Car and Driver, the NC has a skidpad number of 0.90g.
For the US, the engine is the new 16-valve
, 2 l (122 cu in) MZR
I4
, producing 170 bhp and 140 lbf.ft coupled to either a 5-speed or a 6-speed manual transmission or 158 bhp with the optional 6-speed automatic transmission. A limited slip differential is available with the 6-speed option. In Australia the 2 l (122 cu in) MZR is offered, rated at 118 kW and 188 newton metre and the 6-speed transmission and LSD are standard. In Europe, two engines are offered: the 2 l (122 cu in) MZR rated at 158 bhp and 188 newton metre, coupled to the 6-speed manual transmission; and a new 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) MZR, rated at 126 bhp and 167 newton metre, coupled to the 5-speed manual transmission.
A six-speed automatic transmission, with steering wheel mounted paddle shifters, is optional. A test by Car and Driver
magazine revealed a 0-60 mph (96.6 km/h) time of 6.5 s for the 2 l (122 cu in) U.S.-spec NC. Manufacturer figures for the European-spec model are: 0-100 km/h (62.1 mph) in 9.4 s (1.8 l (109.8 cu in)) and 7.9 s (2 l (122 cu in)).
The NC was launched with a special edition called "3rd Generation Limited" which featured added chrome accents and special wheels. 3500 were built worldwide (300 in the UK, 750 in the US, 150 in Canada), delivered in advance of standard models.
The NC offers a wider range of accessories for customization than the earlier generations. The softtop, in cloth instead of vinyl, can now be chosen in more than two colors: black and cream as previously, but also grey, camel, blue and green; and the interior can be customized to the exterior paint color.
In July 2006, Mazda unveiled a coupé convertible version of the NC with a three-piece folding hardtop, named "MX-5 Roadster Coupe" in Europe, "Roadster Power Retractable Hard Top" in Japan, and "MX-5 Miata Power Retractable Hard Top" in Canada and the US. Adding 36 kg (79.4 lb) to the weight of a comparable model with soft top, the hard top takes 12 seconds to raise or lower and it does not take any of the existing trunk space when folded down. The first units were delivered to customers in late August, for a price premium less than the cost of a separate hard top. Performance times are slightly affected with the weight increase, to 9.6 s (1.8 l (109.8 cu in)) and 8.2 s (2 l (122 cu in)) from 0-100 km/h (62.1 mph), but top speed is increased from 196 km/h (121.8 mph) to 200 km/h (124.3 mph) (1.8 l (109.8 cu in)) and from 210 km/h (130.5 mph) to 215 km/h (133.6 mph) (2 l (122 cu in)), for the European-spec model.
For 2008, Mazda released a Special Edition MX-5 in Icy Blue exterior, with exclusive Dark Saddle Brown folding top, with matching leather with blue stitching steering wheel, seats, and hand brake. The Special Edition also featured a silver-accented shift knob, dark-silver finished instrument panel with chrome accents, special 17 in (431.8 mm) alloy wheels, stainless steel MX-5 scuff plate, and chrome front headlight bezel, as well as grille and fog lamp surrounds. The 2008 Special Edition was limited to 105 PRHT-equipped units in Canada and 750 soft-top units in the US.
The instrument panel gained darker features and redesigned graphics for the gauges. To create more leg space in the cabin, a protrusion from the door pockets was eliminated.
The 2.0-litre engine was rated 167 bhp at 7,200 rpm and 140 lbft at 5,000 rpm for manual, 158 bhp at 6,700 rpm and 140 lbft at 5,000 rpm for automatic. Engine redline was raised by 500 rpm to 7,200 rpm in manual model. The suspension and gearbox have been fine-tuned; latter offers smoother shifts and automatic transmission will be introduced in Europe for the first time.
The vehicle was unveiled in 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.
The vehicle included a MZR 1.8-litre petrol engine rated 126 PS at 6,500 rpm and 167 newton metre at 4,500rpm, 5-speed manual transmission, double wishbone front and multi-link rear suspension, Bilstein monotube damper, 205/45R17 tires, 300 mm (11.8 in) ventilated front brake discs and 280 mm (11 in) solid rear brake discs. The "Superlight" weighs in at 2200 lb (997.9 kg), making it 100 lb (45.4 kg). heavier than the original NA series MX-5
.
EuroNCAP stated "This is a poor performance despite the MX5 benefiting from not having to have the leading edge of its bonnet tested because of its low profile."
Roadster
A roadster is a two-seat open car with emphasis on sporty handling and without a fixed roof or side weather protection. Strictly speaking a roadster with wind-up windows is a convertible but as true roadsters are no longer made the distinction is now irrelevant...
, of front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout
Front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout
In automotive design, an FR, or Front-engine, Rear-wheel drive layout is one where the engine is located at the front of the vehicle and driven wheels are located at the rear. This was the traditional automobile layout for most of the 20th century....
, built by Mazda
Mazda
is a Japanese automotive manufacturer based in Fuchū, Aki District, Hiroshima Prefecture, Japan.In 2007, Mazda produced almost 1.3 million vehicles for global sales...
in Hiroshima
Hiroshima
is the capital of Hiroshima Prefecture, and the largest city in the Chūgoku region of western Honshu, the largest island of Japan. It became best known as the first city in history to be destroyed by a nuclear weapon when the United States Army Air Forces dropped an atomic bomb on it at 8:15 A.M...
, Japan. The model was introduced in 1989 at the Chicago Auto Show
Chicago Auto Show
The Chicago Auto Show is held annually in February at Chicago's McCormick Placeconvention complex. It is among the largest auto shows in North America....
. The MX-5 was conceived as a small roadster
Roadster
A roadster is a two-seat open car with emphasis on sporty handling and without a fixed roof or side weather protection. Strictly speaking a roadster with wind-up windows is a convertible but as true roadsters are no longer made the distinction is now irrelevant...
– with light weight and minimal mechanical complexity limited only by legal and safety requirements; technologically modern, but a philosophically direct descendant of the small British roadsters of the 1960s such as the Triumph Spitfire
Triumph Spitfire
The Triumph Spitfire is a small English two-seat sports car, introduced at the London Motor Show in 1962. The vehicle was based on a design produced for Standard-Triumph in 1957 by Italian designer Giovanni Michelotti...
, Austin-Healey Sprite
Austin-Healey Sprite
The Austin-Healey Sprite is a small open sports car which was announced to the press in Monte Carlo by the British Motor Corporation on 20 May 1958, just before that year's Monaco Grand Prix. It was intended to be a low-cost model that "a chap could keep in his bike shed", yet be the successor to...
, MG MGB
MG MGB
The MGB is a sports car launched by MG Cars in May 1962 to replace the MGA. Introduced as a four-cylinder roadster, a coupé with 2+2 seating was added in 1965...
and mainly the Lotus Elan
Lotus Elan
Lotus Elan is the name of two convertible cars and one fixed head coupé produced by Lotus Cars. The original Type 26, 26R Racing version , 36R Racing version , 36 Fixed Head Coupe, 45 Drop Head Coupe, and the "Type 50" +2 Coupe, circa 1962 to 1975, are commonly known as the '60s Elans...
.
The second generation MX-5 (NB) was launched in 1998 and the current (NC) model has been in production since 2006. It continues to be the best-selling two-seat convertible sports car in history and by February 2011, 900,000 MX-5s have been built and sold around the world, with more than 100,000 still on the road in the UK as of June 2011.
Since the launch of the third generation MX-5, Mazda consolidated worldwide marketing using the MX-5 name, though enthusiasts in the US still refer to it as Miata, a name that means "reward" in Old High German
Old High German
The term Old High German refers to the earliest stage of the German language and it conventionally covers the period from around 500 to 1050. Coherent written texts do not appear until the second half of the 8th century, and some treat the period before 750 as 'prehistoric' and date the start of...
, and the vehicle in 2011 was still marketed by Mazda in the US as the MX-5 Miata in printed showroom brochures.
Generations and overview
The MX5's first generation, the NA, sold over 400,000 units from 1989 to 1997 – with a 1.6 l (97.6 cu in) straight-4Straight-4
The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is an internal combustion engine with all four cylinders mounted in a straight line, or plane along the crankcase. The single bank of cylinders may be oriented in either a vertical or an inclined plane with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft....
engine to 1993, a 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) engine thereafter (with a de-tuned 1.6 as a budget option in some markets) – recognizable by its pop-up headlights. The second generation (NB) was introduced in 1998 with a slight increase in engine power; it can be recognized by the fixed headlights and the glass rear window. The third generation (NC) was introduced in 2005 with a 2 l (122 cu in) engine.
It was launched at a time when production of small roadsters had fallen into almost total disuse. The Alfa Romeo Spider
Alfa Romeo Spider
The Alfa Romeo Spider is a roadster produced by the Italian manufacturer Alfa Romeo from 1966 to 1993 . Widely regarded as a design classic, it remained in production for almost three decades with only minor aesthetic and mechanical changes...
was the only comparable volume model in production at the time of the MX-5's launch. Just a decade earlier, a whole host of similar models - notably the MG B, Triumph TR7
Triumph TR7
The Triumph TR7 is a sports car manufactured from September 1974 to October 1981 by the Triumph Motor Company in the United Kingdom. It was initially produced at the Speke, Liverpool factory, moving to Canley, Coventry in 1978 and then finally to the Rover plant in Solihull in 1980...
, Triumph Spitfire
Triumph Spitfire
The Triumph Spitfire is a small English two-seat sports car, introduced at the London Motor Show in 1962. The vehicle was based on a design produced for Standard-Triumph in 1957 by Italian designer Giovanni Michelotti...
and Fiat Spider - had been available.
The body is a conventional, but light, unibody or monocoque
Monocoque
Monocoque is a construction technique that supports structural load by using an object's external skin, as opposed to using an internal frame or truss that is then covered with a non-load-bearing skin or coachwork...
construction, with (detachable) front and rear subframe
Subframe
A subframe is a structural component of a vehicle, such as an automobile or an aircraft, that uses a discrete, separate structure within a larger body-on-frame or unit body to carry certain components, such as the engine, drivetrain, or suspension. The subframe is bolted and/or welded to the vehicle...
s. The MX-5 also incorporates a truss marketed as the Powerplant Frame (PPF) which connects the engine to the differential, minimizing flex and contributing to responsive handling. Some MX-5s feature limited slip differential
Limited slip differential
A limited slip differential is a type of differential gear arrangement that allows for some difference in angular velocity of the output shafts, but imposes a mechanical bound on the disparity...
s and anti-lock braking system
Anti-lock braking system
An anti-lock braking system is a safety system that allows the wheels on a motor vehicle to continue interacting tractively with the road surface as directed by driver steering inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up and therefore avoiding skidding.An ABS generally offers...
. Traction control
Traction control system
A traction control system , also known as anti-slip regulation , is typically a secondary function of the anti-lock braking system on production motor vehicles, designed to prevent loss of traction of driven road wheels...
is an option available on NC models. The earlier cars weighed in at just over a ton, with engine power output usually 116 bhp. The later cars were heavier, with higher power engines.
With an approximate 50:50 front/rear weight balance, the car has nearly neutral handling
Car handling
Automobile handling and vehicle handling are descriptions of the way wheeled vehicles perform transverse to their direction of motion, particularly during cornering and swerving. It also includes their stability when moving at rest. Handling and braking are the major components of a vehicle's...
. Inducing oversteer is easy and very controllable, thus making the MX-5 a popular choice for amateur and stock racing, including, in the US, the Sports Car Club of America
Sports Car Club of America
The Sports Car Club of America is a club and sanctioning body supporting road racing, rallying, and autocross in the United States. Formed in 1944, it runs many programs for both amateur and professional racers.-History:...
's Solo2 autocross
Autocross
Autocross is a form of motorsports that emphasizes safe competition and active participation. An autocross is a timed competition where drivers navigate one at a time through a defined course on either sealed or unsealed surfaces...
and Spec Miata
Spec Miata
Spec Miata is a class of racing car used in Sports Car Club of America , National Auto Sport Association , and Midwestern Council of Sports Car Clubs road racing events....
race series and in the UK the Ma5da racing championship.
The MX-5 has won many awards including Wheels Magazine
Wheels magazine
Wheels is an Australian automotive magazine published monthly by ACP Magazines. The publication is well-renowned by Australian car enthusiasts...
's Car of the Year
Car of the Year
Car of the Year is a phrase usually considered to have been invented by Motor Trend magazine in the 1950s for their annual award for best American automobile...
for 1989 and 2005; Sports Car International
Sports Car International
Sports Car International was an automobile magazine in the United States published by Ross Periodicals Inc. that was focused on sports cars. The magazine was published from 1986 to 2008. Its business offices were located in Novato, California....
s "best sports car of the 1990s" and "ten best sports cars of all time"; 2005-2006 Car of the Year Japan
Car of the Year Japan
The annual Car of the Year Japan award, also known as Japan Car of the Year , is given to newly released or redesigned vehicles released to the Japanese car buying market from November 1 of the previous year to October 31 of the current, and each award spans two calendar years. The award has been...
; and 2005 Australia
Australia
Australia , officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a country in the Southern Hemisphere comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands in the Indian and Pacific Oceans. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area...
n Car of the Year. The Miata has also made Car and Driver
Car and Driver
Car and Driver is an American automotive enthusiast magazine. Its total circulation is 1.31 million. It is owned by Hearst Magazines, who purchased prior owner Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. in 2011...
magazine's annual Ten Best
Car and Driver Ten Best
Car and Driver magazine annually nominates a list of what it considers the Ten Best cars and Five Best trucks.All production vehicles for sale in that calendar year are considered with these restrictions:# The vehicle must be on sale by January...
list 10 times. In their December 2009 issue, Grassroots Motorsports
Grassroots Motorsports
Grassroots Motorsports is an American periodical devoted to low-cost performance cars, driving skill improvement, and amateur motorsports such as road racing, autocross and rallying. It was established in 1984 and is published eight times a year...
magazine named the Miata as the most important sports car built during the previous 25 years.
In 2009, Automotive critic Jeremy Clarkson
Jeremy Clarkson
Jeremy Charles Robert Clarkson is an English broadcaster, journalist and writer who specialises in motoring. He is best known for his role on the BBC TV show Top Gear along with co-presenters Richard Hammond and James May...
wrote:
From idea to production
In 1976, Bob Hall, a journalist at Motor TrendMotor Trend
Motor Trend is an American automobile magazine. It first appeared in September 1949, issued by Petersen Publishing Company in Los Angeles, and bearing the tag line "The Magazine for a Motoring World". Petersen Publishing was sold to British publisher EMAP in 1998, who sold the former Petersen...
magazine who was an expert in Japanese cars and fluent in the language, met Kenichi Yamamoto and Gai Arai, head of Research and Development at Mazda. Yamamoto and Gai Arai asked Hall what kind of car Mazda should make in the future:
In 1981, Hall moved to a product planning position with Mazda US and again met Yamamoto, now chairman of Mazda Motors, who remembered their conversation about a roadster and in 1982 gave Hall the go-ahead to research the idea further. At this time Hall hired designer Mark Jordan to join the newly formed Mazda design studio in Southern California. There, Hall and Jordan collaborated on the parameters of the initial image, proportion and visualization of the "light-weight sports" concept. In 1983, the idea turned concept was approved under the "Offline 55" program, an internal Mazda initiative that sought to change the way new models were developed. Thus, under head of project Masakatsu, the concept development was turned into a competition between the Mazda design teams in Tokyo and California.
The Californian team proposed a front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout
Front-engine, rear-wheel drive layout
In automotive design, an FR, or Front-engine, Rear-wheel drive layout is one where the engine is located at the front of the vehicle and driven wheels are located at the rear. This was the traditional automobile layout for most of the 20th century....
, codenamed Duo 101, in line with the British roadster ancestry, but their Japanese counterparts favored the more common front-engine, front-wheel drive layout or the rear mid-engine, rear-wheel drive layout.
The first round of judging the competing designs was held in April 1984. At this stage, designs were presented solely on paper. The mid-engined car appeared the most impressive, although it was known at the time that such a layout would struggle to meet the noise, vibration and harshness (NVH
Noise, Vibration, and Harshness
Noise, vibration, and harshness , also known as noise and vibration , is the study and modification of the noise and vibration characteristics of vehicles, particularly cars and trucks...
) requirements of the project. It was only at the second round of the competition in August 1984, when full-scale clay models were presented, that the Duo 101 won the competition and was selected as the basis for Mazda's new light-weight sports car.
The Duo 101, so named as either a soft top or hard top could be used, incorporated many key stylistic cues inspired by the Lotus Elan
Lotus Elan
Lotus Elan is the name of two convertible cars and one fixed head coupé produced by Lotus Cars. The original Type 26, 26R Racing version , 36R Racing version , 36 Fixed Head Coupe, 45 Drop Head Coupe, and the "Type 50" +2 Coupe, circa 1962 to 1975, are commonly known as the '60s Elans...
, a 1960s roadster. International Automotive Design (IAD)
International Automotive Design
International Automotive Design was a British design company, based in West Sussex, England.IAD UK Ltd was founded in 1976 by John and Yvonne Shute...
in Worthing
Worthing
Worthing is a large seaside town with borough status in West Sussex, within the historic County of Sussex, forming part of the Brighton/Worthing/Littlehampton conurbation. It is situated at the foot of the South Downs, west of Brighton, and east of the county town of Chichester...
, England was commissioned to develop a running prototype, codenamed V705. It was built with a fiberglass body, a 1.4 l (85.4 cu in) engine from a Mazda Familia
Mazda Familia
Mazda's automotive plans for the early sixties consisted of growing alongside the Japanese economy. To achieve this goal, they began by building an extremely cheap Kei car, the R360 in 1960, planning on introducing gradually larger and pricier cars as the Japanese customers became able to afford them...
and components from a variety of early Mazda models. The V705 was completed in August 1985 and taken to the US where it rolled on the roads around Santa Barbara
Santa Barbara, California
Santa Barbara is the county seat of Santa Barbara County, California, United States. Situated on an east-west trending section of coastline, the longest such section on the West Coast of the United States, the city lies between the steeply-rising Santa Ynez Mountains and the Pacific Ocean...
and got positive reactions.
The project received final approval on 18 January 1986. The model's codename was changed to P729 as it moved into production phase, under head of program Toshihiko Hirai. The task of constructing five engineering mules (more developed prototypes) was again allocated to IAD, which also conducted the first front and rear crash test
Crash test
A crash test is a form of destructive testing usually performed in order to ensure safe design standards in crashworthiness and crash compatibility for various modes of transportation or related systems and components.- Types :...
s on the P729. While Tom Matano, Mark Jordan, Wu Huang Chin, Norman Garrett and Koichi Hayashi worked on the final design, the project was moved to Japan for engineering and production details.
By 1989, with a definitive model name now chosen, the MX-5 (as in "Mazda Experiment", project number 5) was ready to be introduced to the world as a true lightweight sports car, weighing just 940 kg (2,072.3 lb).
Although Mazda's concept was for the MX-5 to be an inexpensive sports car, the market proved extremely eager for it; the car became an overnight novelty, resulting in many dealers placing customers on lists for pre-order due to the demand exceeding the anticipated supply. Several dealers across North America resultingly took advantage of this high demand and dramatically increased the markup on the vehicle; some asked for as much as USD $17,000 retail price.
Jinba ittai
The design credo Mazda has used across the three generations of the MX5's development was the phrase , which translates loosely into English as "rider (jin) horse (ba) as one body (ittai)".With the first generation of the MX-5, the phrase was developed into five specific core design requirements:
- That the car would be as compact and as light as possible while meeting global safety requirements.
- That the cockpit would comfortably accommodate two full-stature occupants with no wasted space.
- That the basic layout would continue with the original's front-midship rear-drive configuration with the engine positioned ahead of the driver but behind the front axle for 50:50 weight distribution.
- That all four wheels would be attached by wishbone or multi-link suspension systems to maximize tire performance, road grip, and dynamic stability.
- And that a power-plant frame would again provide a solid connection between the engine and rear-mounted differential to sharpen throttle response.
First generation (NA)
The MX-5 was unveiled at the Chicago Auto Show
Chicago Auto Show
The Chicago Auto Show is held annually in February at Chicago's McCormick Placeconvention complex. It is among the largest auto shows in North America....
on February 10, 1989, with a price tag of US$
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
14,000 (US$
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
25,400 in 2011 adjusted for inflation). The MX-5, with production code NA, was made available for delivery to buyers worldwide in the following dates: March 1989 in Japan; May 1989 (as a 1990 model) in the US and Canada; and 1990 in Europe. An optional hardtop
Hardtop
A hardtop is a term for a rigid, rather than canvas, automobile roof. It has been used in several contexts: detachable hardtops, retractable hardtop roofs, and the so-called pillarless hardtop body style....
was made available at the same time, in sheet moulding compound
Sheet moulding compound
Sheet moulding compound or sheet moulding composite is a ready to mould fibre-reinforced polyester material primarily used in compression moulding. The sheet is provided in rolls weighing up to 1000 kg....
(SMC). Demand initially outstripped production, fueled by enthusiastic press reviews.
In Japan, the car was not badged as a Mazda, as the company was experimenting with the creation of different marques for deluxe models, similar to Nissan's Infiniti
Infiniti
is the luxury division of automaker Nissan. Infiniti officially started selling vehicles on November 8, 1989 in North America. Marketing operations have since grown to include the Middle East, South Korea, Russia, Taiwan, China, Ukraine and the United Kingdom. Infiniti began sales in additional...
and Toyota's Lexus
Lexus
is the luxury vehicle division of Japanese automaker Toyota Motor Corporation. First introduced in 1989 in the United States, Lexus is now sold globally and has become Japan's largest-selling make of premium cars. The Lexus marque is marketed in over 70 countries and territories worldwide, and has...
(both brands of which launched at the same time as the Miata). Instead, the Mazda MX-5 was sold as the Eunos
Eunos cars
In the late 1980s, Mazda diversified in the Japan market with the launch of three new marques. The company created Autozam, Eunos, and Ẽfini, in addition to the Mazda and Ford brands already marketed there...
Roadster in that market.
The body shell of the NA was all-steel with a light-weight aluminium
Aluminium
Aluminium or aluminum is a silvery white member of the boron group of chemical elements. It has the symbol Al, and its atomic number is 13. It is not soluble in water under normal circumstances....
hood
Hood (vehicle)
The hood or bonnet is the hinged cover over the engine of motor vehicles that allows access to the engine compartment for maintenance and repair. In British terminology, hood refers to a fabric cover over the passenger compartment of the car...
. Overall dimensions were 3970 mm (156.3 in) in length, 1675 mm (65.9 in) in width, and 1235 mm (48.6 in) in height. Without options, the NA weighed only 2150 lb (975.2 kg). Drag coefficient
Drag coefficient
In fluid dynamics, the drag coefficient is a dimensionless quantity that is used to quantify the drag or resistance of an object in a fluid environment such as air or water. It is used in the drag equation, where a lower drag coefficient indicates the object will have less aerodynamic or...
was indicated as 0.38. Suspension was an independent double wishbone on all four wheels, with an anti-roll bar at the front and rear. Four wheel-disc brakes, ventilated at the front, were behind alloy wheels with 185/60HR14 radial tire
Radial tire
A radial tire is a particular design of automotive tire . In this design, the cord plies are arranged at 90 degrees to the direction of travel, or radially ....
s. The base model came with stamped steel wheels from the then-current 323/Protege.
The original MX-5 came with a 1.6 l (97.6 cu in) dual overhead cam inline four-cylinder engine
Straight-4
The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is an internal combustion engine with all four cylinders mounted in a straight line, or plane along the crankcase. The single bank of cylinders may be oriented in either a vertical or an inclined plane with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft....
, producing 86 kW at 6,800 rpm, and 136 newton metre of torque
Torque
Torque, moment or moment of force , is the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis, fulcrum, or pivot. Just as a force is a push or a pull, a torque can be thought of as a twist....
at 5,500 rpm. The engine employs an electronic fuel injection
Fuel injection
Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an internal combustion engine. It has become the primary fuel delivery system used in automotive petrol engines, having almost completely replaced carburetors in the late 1980s....
system using a vane-type air flow meter
Air flow meter
An air flow meter, is a device that measures how much air is flowing through a tube. It does not measure the volume of the air passing through the tube, it measures the actual speed of the air flowing through the device in a defined time segment. Thus air flow meters are simply an application of...
and an electronic ignition system with a camshaft angle sensor instead of a distributor
Distributor
A distributor is a device in the ignition system of an internal combustion engine that routes high voltage from the ignition coil to the spark plugs in the correct firing order. The first reliable battery operated ignition was developed by Dayton Engineering Laboratories Co. and introduced in the...
. This engine, codename B6ZE(RS), was specifically designed for the MX-5 and featured a lightened crankshaft, flywheel, and aluminum sump with cooling fins.
Standard transmission
Transmission (mechanics)
A machine consists of a power source and a power transmission system, which provides controlled application of the power. Merriam-Webster defines transmission as: an assembly of parts including the speed-changing gears and the propeller shaft by which the power is transmitted from an engine to a...
was 5-speed manual. In Japan and the US, an optional automatic transmission
Automatic transmission
An automatic transmission is one type of motor vehicle transmission that can automatically change gear ratios as the vehicle moves, freeing the driver from having to shift gears manually...
was also offered but proved to be unpopular. The Japanese and American markets also received an optional viscous limited slip rear differential
Limited slip differential
A limited slip differential is a type of differential gear arrangement that allows for some difference in angular velocity of the output shafts, but imposes a mechanical bound on the disparity...
, although it was only available for cars with a manual transmission. To achieve the low introductory price, the base model was stripped. It had steel wheels, manual steering, roll-up windows, and no stereo or air-conditioning. Power steering, air-conditioning, and stereo were added as standard equipment in later years.
The NA could reach 60 mph (96.6 km/h) in 9.1 seconds and had a top speed of 116 mph (186.7 km/h). This first generation of Miata (often referred to as the NA) included a special edition in 1991, produced in British Racing Green
British racing green
British racing green or BRG, a colour similar to Brunswick green, hunter green, forest green or moss green , takes its name from the green international motor racing colour of Britain. Although there is still some debate as to an exact hue for BRG, currently the term is used to denote a spectrum of...
with the first use of tan interior.
1500 LE (Limited Edition) cars were produced in 1993. This model featured red leather interior, upgraded stereo, Nardi shift knob, leather wrapped steering wheel, cruise, limited slip differential, power windows, power mirrors, power steering, air conditioning, BBS wheels, Bilstein shocks, front and rear spoilers, ABS brakes, stainless sill plates, and Harley style peanut tank door speaker trim. All 1993 LE cars came in black.
For the 1994 model year, the first-generation MX-5 was freshened with the introduction of the more powerful 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) BP-ZE engine, dual airbag
Airbag
An Airbag is a vehicle safety device. It is an occupant restraint consisting of a flexible envelope designed to inflate rapidly during an automobile collision, to prevent occupants from striking interior objects such as the steering wheel or a window...
s and a limited slip differential
Limited slip differential
A limited slip differential is a type of differential gear arrangement that allows for some difference in angular velocity of the output shafts, but imposes a mechanical bound on the disparity...
in some markets. The chassis was substantially braced to meet new side-impact standards, most visibly by adding a "track bar" between the seatbelt towers inside the car, but also to the front and rear subframes. Also, 1994 and 1995 were the only years in which Mazda offered a light metallic blue paint (Laguna Blue Mica), making these cars rare collectors cars to some. 1994 also saw the introduction of the "R" package, a sport-themed package with Bilstein shocks and subtle underbody spoilers, in addition to the removal of unnecessary items such as power steering. No body style changes were made, however.
The new 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) engine produced 98 kW, which was then increased to 99 kW for the 1996 model year. The base weight increased to 990 kg (2,182.6 lb). Performance was improved slightly, the additional power being partly offset by the extra weight. In some markets such as Europe, the 1.6 l (97.6 cu in) engine continued to be available as a lower-cost option, but was detuned to 66 kW. This lower-powered model did not receive all the additional chassis bracing of the new 1.8 l (109.8 cu in). Japanese and US cars were fitted with an optional Torsen
Torsen
Torsen is a type of differential used in automobiles. It was invented by American Vernon Gleasman and manufactured by the Gleason Corporation. Torsen is a contraction of Torque-Sensing...
LSD, which was far more durable than the previous viscous differential.
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
13,995 at launch and was very basic, with manual windows, steel wheels, and without A/C or power steering. The "A Package" offered power steering, a leather-wrapped steering wheel, aluminum alloy wheels and cassette stereo. The "B Package" added power windows, along with cruise control and headrest speakers, while the "C Package" included a tan interior and top and leather seats. The "R Package" was for racing, and the annual special editions were formalized as "M Editions". These included all of the luxury options from the "C Package" as well as special paint and, sometimes, special wheels. In the UK, to celebrate Mazda's 24 hours of Le Mans
24 Hours of Le Mans
The 24 Hours of Le Mans is the world's oldest sports car race in endurance racing, held annually since near the town of Le Mans, France. Commonly known as the Grand Prix of Endurance and Efficiency, race teams have to balance speed against the cars' ability to run for 24 hours without sustaining...
win, Mazda brought out a special edition of the MX-5, with the winner's color scheme (see Mazda 787B
Mazda 787B
The Mazda 787 and its derivative 787B were Group C sports prototype racing cars built by Mazda for use in the World Sportscar Championship, All Japan Sports Prototype Championship, as well as the 24 Hours of Le Mans from 1990 to 1991...
) and came equipped with BBR (Brodie Brittain Racing) turbo conversion; the car is one of the most sought after special edition cars of the MX-5s.
The first generation MX-5 was phased out with the 1997 model year (with the exception of 400 limited edition Berkeley models sold only in the UK in 1998 to mark the end of the NA), with the final 1500 NAs produced for the US market being the "STO" ("Special Touring Option") versions.
M2 Special Editions
A small range of Miata units were assembled by the M2 IncorporatedM2 (Mazda)
M2 Incorporated is a former automobile manufacturer and group company of the Mazda Motor Corporation. The company has existed from 1991 to 1995 and was also known under its nickname Mazda Two. The official brand name was M2. M2 was responsible for the development ant the production of vehicle parts...
. Founded in November 1991, M2, also known as "Mazda Too", was Mazda's new off-line planning / niche-house / Research & Development company back in the early '90s. The M2 Corp. employees had noble intentions — creating niche-mobiles derived from Mazda's volume products. Although M2's basic mission involved focusing on the "soft" aspects of vehicle design in an attempt to create more specifically targeted niche variants, the changes to the off-line cars would go well beyond mere cosmetics.
Heading the M2 operation was Mr. Masakatsu Kato, original father of the Miata (Eunos Roadster) in Japan, as well as creator of several Mazda concept vehicles. Kato-san was assisted by Hirotaka Tachibana, development engineer responsible for the superb dynamics of the FC (second-generation RX-7) and the NA Roadster (Miata MX-5). M2 Corp. was based out of Tokyo, Japan. M2-Corp was a 100% owned subsidiary of Mazda, and it was closed by Mazda in 1995. Mazda kept a similar program going with the Mazdaspeed vehicles, and then in the late '90s Mazdaspeed was absorbed into Mazda as a subsidiary company in Mazda Auto Tokyo. There were many types of M2 branded vehicles between 1991 and 1995, beginning with the 1001 up to the 1031 Cafe Racer (Dec-91).
M2-1001 Cafe Roadster (Dec-91) Limited 1/300
M2 Corp. released the M2-1001 Roadster in December 1991. It was a special "Limited Production" Roadster variant that was a short production run of only 300 units, in a special Blue/Black Mica Paint, with a sticker price of $26,000. Prospective buyers were required to show up in person at M2's Tokyo headquarters to register for a lottery to place an order for this extremely limited Roadster.
This upscale Eunos Roadster was M2's first turn-key, race-ready offering. Here is a list of some of the goodies that made it so popular: functional front airdam with integrated fog lamps, vintage aero mirrors, 4-point roll bar, vintage gauge cluster, fixed back bucket seats, polished 3-spoke steering wheel, stiffer suspension package with M2 specific rates, polished aluminum strut brace, upgraded exhaust by HKS, intake system, 1.6L motor with new aggressive pistons, upgraded camshaft, lightweight flywheel, LSD cooling intake, manual steering, manual windows (A/C was optional), racing pedals, centerless console with matching shortened radio bezel, aluminum gas filler cap, a more aggressive wheel & tire package (15" x 6" Panasport rims), and a rear spoiler (which became standard for the R package). The performance changes made to the Roadster would bump the power to 132 bhp @ 7,000rpm, and 109 lbf.ft of torque @ 5,500rpm. Once released, it proved so popular that people were paying up to $35,000 for one.
M2-1002 Vintage Roadster (Nov-92) Limited 1/300
M2-CORP released its second Roadster in late 1992, with a sightly different front bumper but all the same items as the previous 1001 Roadster. This one did not do as well as the 1001.
M2-1028 Street Competition Roadster (Feb-94) Limited 1/300
M2-CORP released its third Roadster in early 1994, based on the original "Jinba Ittai" concept made by Toshihiko Hirai. This was billed as a track-ready Roadster. (The US saw a cheaper version known as the R-Package.) Offered in Chaste White or Brilliant Black only, this Roadster used the new 1.8L powerplant with upgraded pistons, camshafts, and other similar goodies as the previous 1001 and 1002. This Roadster had an output of close to 150 bhp, and included 14" Eunos Factory Rims with a unique gunmetal paint with polished lip. The only real changes were a new set of lightweight side mirrors, MOMO Steering Wheel, Centerless console, racing seats, racing tow hook, a set of lower lip spoilers (R-Package) and a newly designed "Duck-Tail" trunk lid with integrated spoiler. The M2-1028 trunk lid was made from aluminum and weighed only 7.7 lb (3.5 kg), a very light weight from the original lid of 15.5 lb (7 kg). It also came with a 6-point roll cage, but no soft-top, instead featuring a tarp that stretched over the cage. With optional FRP Hardtop with plexiglass rear window for more weight savings coming in at only 19 lb (8.6 kg).
Second generation (NB)
In 1998, Mazda released the second-generation MX-5, production code NB, for the 1999 model year. The NB featured a more powerful engine and external styling cues borrowed from the third generation Mazda RX-7
Mazda RX-7
Series 1 is commonly referred to as the "SA22C" from the first alphanumerics of the vehicle identification number. This series of RX-7 had exposed steel bumpers and a high-mounted indentation-located license plate, called by Werner Buhrer of Road & Track magazine a "Baroque depression."In 1980...
model. Prices in the United States, the main market for the MX-5, started at US$
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
19,770 (US$
United States dollar
The United States dollar , also referred to as the American dollar, is the official currency of the United States of America. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents or pennies....
26,700 in 2011 adjusted for inflation).
Although many parts of the interior and body were different, the most notable changes were the headlamps: the first generation's retractable headlamps
Hidden headlamps
Hidden headlamps, also commonly known as pop-up headlamps or headlights, are an automotive styling feature that conceals an automobile's headlamps when they are not in use...
no longer passed pedestrian safety
Pedestrian safety through vehicle design
Almost two-thirds of the 1.2 million people killed annually in road traffic crashes worldwide are pedestrians. Despite the magnitude of the problem, most attempts at reducing pedestrian deaths have focused solely on education and traffic regulation...
tests and were replaced by fixed ones. The new car grew slightly in width compared to the earlier model; its dimensions were: length 3945 mm (155.3 in), width 1678 mm (66.1 in), height 1228 mm (48.3 in) and wheelbase 2265 mm (89.2 in). Without options, the NB weighed 1000 kg (2300 lb). The new generation was slightly more aerodynamic than the original, with a Cd figure of 0.36.
The NB continued to employ four-wheel independent suspension, with enlarged anti-roll bars at the front and rear, but the wheels, tires and brakes were significantly upgraded: anti-lock braking system
Anti-lock braking system
An anti-lock braking system is a safety system that allows the wheels on a motor vehicle to continue interacting tractively with the road surface as directed by driver steering inputs while braking, preventing the wheels from locking up and therefore avoiding skidding.An ABS generally offers...
was offered as an option; alloy wheels were now 14 in (355.6 mm) or 15 in (381 mm) in diameter and 6 in (152.4 mm) in width, depending on the trim package; sports models were equipped with the larger wheels and 195/50VR15 tires.
The BP-4W engine remained at 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) but received several minor updates. The engine compression ratio was raised from 9.0:1 to 9.5:1 by adding slightly domed pistons; the intake cam was changed to a solid lifter design with a stronger cam; the intake runners in the head were straightened and the intake manifold was mounted higher up. Mazda's Variable Intake Control System was introduced, which effectively gave a long narrow intake manifold at low rpm for better swirl, changing to a short, free-flowing manifold at high rpm for maximum breathing. Power output of the new engine was quoted at 104.4 kW with 116 lbf.ft of torque.
The 1.6 l (97.6 cu in) B6 engine remained available in Europe and Japan. The base-model 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) NB could reach 62 mph (99.8 km/h) in 8.5 s and had a top speed of 130 mph (209.2 km/h).
MX-5 10th Anniversary Model (1999)
In 1999, Mazda celebrated the 10th anniversary of the MX-5 with the 10th Anniversary Model, a limited edition featuring some until-then exclusive features, namely a six-speed transmissionTransmission (mechanics)
A machine consists of a power source and a power transmission system, which provides controlled application of the power. Merriam-Webster defines transmission as: an assembly of parts including the speed-changing gears and the propeller shaft by which the power is transmitted from an engine to a...
and Bilstein shock absorbers; performance figures were slightly different, with slower acceleration but higher top speed than the standard 5 speed model. The model's nickname among owners and enthusiasts was 10AM or 10AE (as in "10th Anniversary Edition"). The car had a unique sapphire blue mica (called innocent blue in Japan) paint colour with two-toned black leather and blue alcantara
Alcantara (material)
Alcantara is a tradename given to a composite material used to cover surfaces and forms in a variety of applications. The material was developed in the early 1970s by Miyoshi Okamoto, a scientist working for the Japanese chemical company Toray Industries, as a variation of their other product...
seats. The addition of the sixth gear resulted in different performance results, with 0–100 km/h (62.1 mph) in 7.5 seconds, a tenth of a second slower than the standard 5 speed model, due to the heavier weight. However, as the 10AM was heavier, its top rated speed was higher, at 214 km/h (133 mph) instead of 210 km/h (130.5 mph). Combined consumption was 8.0 instead of 8.5 l/100 km (29 instead of 28 mpg).
Each car was sequentially numbered on a badge on the driver-side front quarter panel. A "Certificate of Authenticity" with the same number came with each car, signed by Mazda President James E. Miller and dated 10 February 1999. On certain markets, a gift set was also included, consisting of a 1/24 scale diecast model, two Seiko-branded wristwatches (his and hers) with matching blue faceplate and Miata logo, and metal keychain in the form of the Miata logo, all encased in a luxury blue velvet box. Despite the publicity that Mazda gave to this model, it took more than a year to sell all units, drawing criticism that too many units had been produced (another factor was the high price with an MSRP of $26,875, about $6500 more than a base model). For comparison,there were 3,500 units of the NC's 3rd Generation Limited launch model in 2005, and regular limited editions produced each year do not usually exceed 1,500 units per region. The polished wheels are notorious for corroding once the thin lacquer coating is damaged. Mazda replaced thousands of sets under warranty. There were minor differences in specification according to the market, such as no sports appearance package (front/side/back skirts, rear wing) or air conditioning for Europe.
7,500 units of the 10th Anniversary were produced, with 3,700 distributed to Europe (of which: 600 - UK, 20 - Portugal), 3,150 to North America (of which 3,000 to US and 150 to Canada), 500 to Japan and 150 to Australia. Car number 7,500 was sold in the UK.
Facelift (2001)
For the 2001 model year, a facelift to the second-generation MX-5 was released. There were some minor exterior changes, with a press-release of July 18, 2000, announcing the changes as "resulting in an even sportier and more forceful look". Some cockpit elements were changed, with the instrument panel gauges receiving a white face and red numbers. The seats were also upgraded, incorporating more support in the side bolsters and taller headrests. Added for top models (designated 'Sport' in the U.K) were 16 inches (406.4 mm) wheels with 205/45VR16 low-profile tires, larger brakes at the front and rear, additional chassis stiffening braces, a limited slip differential, a 6-speed manual gearbox, Bilstein suspension and heated leather seats. The upgraded tires and suspension allowed the new model to pull 0.91 g in lateral grip in tests by Car and DriverCar and Driver
Car and Driver is an American automotive enthusiast magazine. Its total circulation is 1.31 million. It is owned by Hearst Magazines, who purchased prior owner Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. in 2011...
magazine. The body was strengthened, gaining 16% in bending rigidity
Bending
In engineering mechanics, bending characterizes the behavior of a slender structural element subjected to an external load applied perpendicularly to a longitudinal axis of the element. The structural element is assumed to be such that at least one of its dimensions is a small fraction, typically...
and 22% in torsional rigidity
Torsion (mechanics)
In solid mechanics, torsion is the twisting of an object due to an applied torque. In sections perpendicular to the torque axis, the resultant shear stress in this section is perpendicular to the radius....
. With the minimum of options, the 2001 model weighed 1065 kg (2,347.9 lb).
The 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) BP-Z3 engine was slightly modified and now featured variable valve timing
S-VT
S-VT, or Sequential Valve Timing, is an automobile variable valve timing technology developed by Mazda. S-VT varies the timing of the intake valves by using hydraulic pressure to rotate the camshaft. S-VT was introduced in 1998 on the ZL-DE engine and is used in the B-, Z-, MZR- and J-families of...
on the intake camshaft. The intake and exhaust system also received a minor upgrade. These modifications resulted in a power output of 113 kW (Japan, UK and Australia) or 107 kW (US only). In the United States, Mazda erroneously quoted the power figure for the Japanese and Australian model in early catalogues. Car and Driver
Car and Driver
Car and Driver is an American automotive enthusiast magazine. Its total circulation is 1.31 million. It is owned by Hearst Magazines, who purchased prior owner Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. in 2011...
magazine and numerous owners confirmed the missing power, and Mazda offered to buy back the 2001 cars due to those misleading power claims. Owners who did not take up the buy back offer were offered an apology and free servicing for the warranty period.
2002 saw the launch of the MX5 SP. The MX-5 SP was developed and sold in Australia and its turbocharged engine produced 157 kW at 6800 rpm. Only 100 of these cars were built. The SP was very expensive in comparison to a standard MX5 at the time but offered blistering performance. It has fast become a cult classic and sought after model in Australia.
In 2003 Mazda launched a campaign to target a younger group of drivers with the introduction of the Shinsen Version (SV) Miata. The Shinsen (Japanese for "Fresh and New") provided an intermediate step between the base model and the pricier LS. Equipped with most standard features on the LS, such as cruise control and aluminum brush trim. This limited production model also shared an inverted color scheme of the same year Special Edition with a titanium silver exterior and dark blue top and interior.
During the 2004 model year, a division of Mazda in Japan produced the Roadster Coupé, with an integral hardtop roof. The body structure was reworked to incorporate the roof for a substantial increase in chassis rigidity and a weight increase of 10 kg (22 lb). Production was limited to 350 units for Japan only.
Mazdaspeed MX-5 (2004-2005)
Mazdaspeed
Mazdaspeed is Mazda's in-house race and street car tuning arm. It began in 1968 as "Mazda Sports Corner", a tuning and racing operation run by Takayoshi Ohashi, who also ran Mazda's Tokyo distributor...
MX-5, Roadster Turbo in Japan. It featured an IHI RHF5 VJ35 turbocharger equipped variant of the BP-4W engine that produced 180 bhp at 6000 rpm with a front-mounted air-to-air intercooler. The MAZDASPEED could reach 60 mph (96.6 km/h) in 6.4 seconds but had a top speed of only 203|km/h|126 mph due to its low 6,500 rev limit. With its upgraded suspension and wider tires, the Mazdaspeed model could pull over 0.98 g in lateral grip. Other features included upgraded 6 speed transmission and clutch assemblies, upgraded drivetrain components, Racing Hart 17 in (431.8 mm) alloy wheels, special interior trim. Perhaps the most obscure detail change of the MazdaSpeed overhaul of the MX-5 was the fitment of a custom, lightweight oil dipstick. The 2004 Mazdaspeed MX-5 was only available in Velocity Red Mica and Titanium Gray Metallic while the 2005 model was available additionally in Lava Orange Mica and Black Mica. Of the 5,428 Mazdaspeed MX-5s produced during model years 2004 and 2005, 4,000 were produced in 2004; the 2005 production run was shortened to only 1428, due to a fire at the production facility. This model was also marketed in Australia as an MX-5 SE without any Mazdaspeed branding (exhaust tip excluded), featured 3.63 diff gears and was available in Sunlight Silver.
Third generation (NC)
Production of the third-generation MX-5, code NC, began May 17, 2005, for delivery in August, for the 2006 model year. This was partially due to the declining sales of the MX-5 during its second generation run.Moray Callum
Moray Callum is an automobile designer from Dumfries in Scotland, currently design director for Ford's North American brands' passenger cars...
.
The suspension has changed from a 4-wheel double wishbone setup to a front wishbone/rear multilink
Multi-link suspension
A multi-link suspension is a type of vehicle suspension design typically used in independent suspensions, using three or more lateral arms, and one or more longitudinal arms....
setup. Technologies like traction control
Traction control system
A traction control system , also known as anti-slip regulation , is typically a secondary function of the anti-lock braking system on production motor vehicles, designed to prevent loss of traction of driven road wheels...
and stability control were added to increase driveability. According to Car and Driver, the NC has a skidpad number of 0.90g.
For the US, the engine is the new 16-valve
Multi-valve
In automotive engineering a multi-valve or multivalve engine is one where each cylinder has more than two valves. A multi-valve engine has better breathing and can operate at higher revolutions per minute than a two-valve engine, delivering more power.- Multi-valve rationale :A multi-valve design...
, 2 l (122 cu in) MZR
Mazda MZR engine
MZR is the brand name of a generation of Straight-4 engines engineered and built by the Mazda Motor Corporation between 2001 and 2011. The MZR generation includes gasoline and diesel powered engines ranging in displacements from 1.3L to 2.5L. All gasoline-powered MZRs feature an all-aluminum block...
I4
Straight-4
The inline-four engine or straight-four engine is an internal combustion engine with all four cylinders mounted in a straight line, or plane along the crankcase. The single bank of cylinders may be oriented in either a vertical or an inclined plane with all the pistons driving a common crankshaft....
, producing 170 bhp and 140 lbf.ft coupled to either a 5-speed or a 6-speed manual transmission or 158 bhp with the optional 6-speed automatic transmission. A limited slip differential is available with the 6-speed option. In Australia the 2 l (122 cu in) MZR is offered, rated at 118 kW and 188 newton metre and the 6-speed transmission and LSD are standard. In Europe, two engines are offered: the 2 l (122 cu in) MZR rated at 158 bhp and 188 newton metre, coupled to the 6-speed manual transmission; and a new 1.8 l (109.8 cu in) MZR, rated at 126 bhp and 167 newton metre, coupled to the 5-speed manual transmission.
A six-speed automatic transmission, with steering wheel mounted paddle shifters, is optional. A test by Car and Driver
Car and Driver
Car and Driver is an American automotive enthusiast magazine. Its total circulation is 1.31 million. It is owned by Hearst Magazines, who purchased prior owner Hachette Filipacchi Media U.S. in 2011...
magazine revealed a 0-60 mph (96.6 km/h) time of 6.5 s for the 2 l (122 cu in) U.S.-spec NC. Manufacturer figures for the European-spec model are: 0-100 km/h (62.1 mph) in 9.4 s (1.8 l (109.8 cu in)) and 7.9 s (2 l (122 cu in)).
The NC was launched with a special edition called "3rd Generation Limited" which featured added chrome accents and special wheels. 3500 were built worldwide (300 in the UK, 750 in the US, 150 in Canada), delivered in advance of standard models.
The NC offers a wider range of accessories for customization than the earlier generations. The softtop, in cloth instead of vinyl, can now be chosen in more than two colors: black and cream as previously, but also grey, camel, blue and green; and the interior can be customized to the exterior paint color.
In July 2006, Mazda unveiled a coupé convertible version of the NC with a three-piece folding hardtop, named "MX-5 Roadster Coupe" in Europe, "Roadster Power Retractable Hard Top" in Japan, and "MX-5 Miata Power Retractable Hard Top" in Canada and the US. Adding 36 kg (79.4 lb) to the weight of a comparable model with soft top, the hard top takes 12 seconds to raise or lower and it does not take any of the existing trunk space when folded down. The first units were delivered to customers in late August, for a price premium less than the cost of a separate hard top. Performance times are slightly affected with the weight increase, to 9.6 s (1.8 l (109.8 cu in)) and 8.2 s (2 l (122 cu in)) from 0-100 km/h (62.1 mph), but top speed is increased from 196 km/h (121.8 mph) to 200 km/h (124.3 mph) (1.8 l (109.8 cu in)) and from 210 km/h (130.5 mph) to 215 km/h (133.6 mph) (2 l (122 cu in)), for the European-spec model.
For 2008, Mazda released a Special Edition MX-5 in Icy Blue exterior, with exclusive Dark Saddle Brown folding top, with matching leather with blue stitching steering wheel, seats, and hand brake. The Special Edition also featured a silver-accented shift knob, dark-silver finished instrument panel with chrome accents, special 17 in (431.8 mm) alloy wheels, stainless steel MX-5 scuff plate, and chrome front headlight bezel, as well as grille and fog lamp surrounds. The 2008 Special Edition was limited to 105 PRHT-equipped units in Canada and 750 soft-top units in the US.
Facelift
The 2009 MX-5 facelift debuted at the 2008 Paris Motor Show. Major changes concern the restyled front which now incorporates elements from Mazda’s newer models like the larger grille and new head and fog lights. Further restyled elements are the side skirts, rear bumper and the tail lights. The soft top Touring and Grand Touring models feature a mesh grille bordered by a chrome frame. The hardtop Roadster Coupe now features a mesh grille bordered by a chrome frame and chrome elements inside the headlamps and outer door handles.The instrument panel gained darker features and redesigned graphics for the gauges. To create more leg space in the cabin, a protrusion from the door pockets was eliminated.
The 2.0-litre engine was rated 167 bhp at 7,200 rpm and 140 lbft at 5,000 rpm for manual, 158 bhp at 6,700 rpm and 140 lbft at 5,000 rpm for automatic. Engine redline was raised by 500 rpm to 7,200 rpm in manual model. The suspension and gearbox have been fine-tuned; latter offers smoother shifts and automatic transmission will be introduced in Europe for the first time.
MX-5 Superlight Concept (2009)
MX-5 Superlight is a concept car commemorating the 20th anniversary of MX-5, designed at Mazda's studio in Frankfurt, Germany. It is made of lightweight materials to improve performance, handling, fuel economy, and CO2 emissions. It also does not include a windshield.The vehicle was unveiled in 2009 Frankfurt Motor Show.
The vehicle included a MZR 1.8-litre petrol engine rated 126 PS at 6,500 rpm and 167 newton metre at 4,500rpm, 5-speed manual transmission, double wishbone front and multi-link rear suspension, Bilstein monotube damper, 205/45R17 tires, 300 mm (11.8 in) ventilated front brake discs and 280 mm (11 in) solid rear brake discs. The "Superlight" weighs in at 2200 lb (997.9 kg), making it 100 lb (45.4 kg). heavier than the original NA series MX-5
.
MX-5 20th Anniversary Edition (2010)
For the 20th birthday of the MX-5 in 2010, Mazda prepared the limited edition 20th Anniversary Model. Only released in Europe, it was available in three of the original colors from its birth year of 1990 - red, blue and crystal white and was produced as a limited run of only 2000 units. Based on the 1.8l soft-top roadster each car was individually numbered, featured a special bodykit adorned with chrome grille, door handles, headlight fascia and fog light surrounds all complemented by bespoke 17-inch alloy wheels.US
| Model | SV | Sport | Touring | Grand Touring |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Base | 5-speed manual | 5-speed manual | 6-speed manual | 6-speed manual |
| Optional | ||||
| 6-speed automatic Sport with Adaptive Shift Logic and paddle shifters | ||||
Canada
| Model | GX | GS | GT |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base | 5-speed manual | 6-speed manual | 6-speed manual |
| Optional | 6-speed automatic | 6-speed automatic with lock-up torque converter and paddle shifters | |
Safety
The Euro NCAP Safety Ratings for the MX5 manufactured in 2002 gave 4 out of 5 stars for adult protection but only 1 out of 4 for pedestrian protection.EuroNCAP stated "This is a poor performance despite the MX5 benefiting from not having to have the leading edge of its bonnet tested because of its low profile."
Production numbers and details
- In 2000, the Guinness Book of World Records declared the MX-5 the best-selling two-seat convertible sports car in history. The 250,000th MX-5 rolled out of the factory on November 9, 1992; the 500,000th, on February 8, 1999; the 750,000th, in March 2004; the 800,000th in January 2007, and 900,000th in February 2011.
| Year | Production | Sales (U.S.) | Sales (Global) |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1988 | 12 (pre-production car Pre-production car Pre-production cars are vehicles that allow the automaker to find problems before a new model goes on sale to the public. Pre-production cars come after prototypes, or development mules which themselves are preceded by concept cars... s) |
||
| 1989 | 45,266 | 23,052 | 35,807 |
| 1990 | 95,640 | 35,944 | 75,789 |
| 1991 | 63,434 | 31,240 | 71,586 |
| 1992 | 52,712 | 24,964 | 53,031 |
| 1993 | 44,740 | 21,588 | 45,155 |
| 1994 | 39,623 | 21,400 | 38,826 |
| 1995 | 31,886 | 20,174 | 35,673 |
| 1996 | 33,610 | 18,408 | 33,205 |
| 1997 | 27,037 | 17,218 | 32,035 |
| 1998 | 58,682 | 19,845 | 49,205 |
| 1999 | 44,851 | 17,738 | 46,370 |
| 2000 | 47,496 | 18,299 | 44,573 |
| 2001 | 38,870 | 16,486 | 39,258 |
| 2002 | 40,754 | 14,392 | 38,917 |
| 2003 | 30,106 | 10,920 | 32,990 |
| 2004 | 24,232 | 9,356 | 26,531 |
| 2005 | 29,950 | 9,801 | 14,316 |
| 2006 | 48,389 | 16,897 | 22,546 |
| 2007 | 15,075 | ||
| 2008 | 10,977 | ||
| Total | 807,293 | 373,774 | 735,813 |
Technical specifications
| Drivetrain specifications by generation (UK market) | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Model year(s) | Model no(s). | Chassis code(s) | Engine type | Engine code | Transmission(s) | Power | Torque | |
| 1989–1993 | 1.6i | NA Mazda N platform The Mazda N platform is an automobile platform for rear wheel drive sports cars. It was the basis for two generations of the Mazda MX-5.-NA:... |
1.6 L inline-4 | B6ZE(RS) | 5-speed MT | 114 bhp @6,500 rpm | 100 ft·lbf (135.6 N·m) @5,500 rpm | |
| 1995–1998 | 1.6i | NA Mazda N platform The Mazda N platform is an automobile platform for rear wheel drive sports cars. It was the basis for two generations of the Mazda MX-5.-NA:... |
1.6 L inline-4 | BP-4W | 5-speed MT | 88 bhp | ||
| 1993–1995 | 1.8i | NA Mazda N platform The Mazda N platform is an automobile platform for rear wheel drive sports cars. It was the basis for two generations of the Mazda MX-5.-NA:... |
1.8 L inline-4 | BP-4W | 5-speed MT | 128 bhp @6,500 rpm | 110 ft·lbf (149.1 N·m) @5,000 rpm | |
| 1995–1998 | 1.8i | NA Mazda N platform The Mazda N platform is an automobile platform for rear wheel drive sports cars. It was the basis for two generations of the Mazda MX-5.-NA:... |
1.8 L inline-4 | BP-4W | 5-speed MT | 133 bhp @6500 rpm | ||
| 1998–2001 | 1.6i | NB Mazda N platform The Mazda N platform is an automobile platform for rear wheel drive sports cars. It was the basis for two generations of the Mazda MX-5.-NA:... |
1.6 L inline-4 | BP-4W | 5-speed MT | 108 bhp @6,500 rpm | 99 ft·lbf (134.2 N·m) @5,000 rpm | |
| 1998–2001 | 1.8i | NB Mazda N platform The Mazda N platform is an automobile platform for rear wheel drive sports cars. It was the basis for two generations of the Mazda MX-5.-NA:... |
1.8 L inline-4 | BP-4W | 5 or 6-speed MT | 140 bhp @6,500 rpm | 119 ft·lbf (161.3 N·m) @5,000 rpm | |
| 2001–2005 | 1.6i | NB Mazda N platform The Mazda N platform is an automobile platform for rear wheel drive sports cars. It was the basis for two generations of the Mazda MX-5.-NA:... |
1.6 L inline-4 | BP-4W | 5-speed MT | 110 bhp @6,500 rpm | 99 ft·lbf (134.2 N·m) @5,000 rpm | |
| 2001–2005 | 1.8i | NB Mazda N platform The Mazda N platform is an automobile platform for rear wheel drive sports cars. It was the basis for two generations of the Mazda MX-5.-NA:... |
1.8 L inline-4 | BP-4W | 6-speed MT | 146 bhp @6,500 rpm | 124 ft·lbf (168.1 N·m) @5,000 rpm | |
| 2006- | 1.8i | NC Mazda N platform The Mazda N platform is an automobile platform for rear wheel drive sports cars. It was the basis for two generations of the Mazda MX-5.-NA:... |
1.8 L inline-4 | MZR 14 | 5-speed MT | 126 bhp | 123 ft·lbf (166.8 N·m) | |
| 2005- | 2.0i | NC Mazda N platform The Mazda N platform is an automobile platform for rear wheel drive sports cars. It was the basis for two generations of the Mazda MX-5.-NA:... |
2.0 L inline-4 | MZR 14 | 5 or 6-speed MT | 167 bhp | 140 ft·lbf (189.8 N·m) | |
| 2009- | Superlight 1.8i | NC Mazda N platform The Mazda N platform is an automobile platform for rear wheel drive sports cars. It was the basis for two generations of the Mazda MX-5.-NA:... |
1.8 L inline-4 | MZR 14 | 5-speed MT | 124 bhp | 123 ft·lbf (166.8 N·m) | |
See also
- Spec MiataSpec MiataSpec Miata is a class of racing car used in Sports Car Club of America , National Auto Sport Association , and Midwestern Council of Sports Car Clubs road racing events....
, a class of racing cars in the U.S. - MaX5 Racing, a class of racing cars in the United Kingdom
External links
- Official site for the U.S., UK, and Australia
- http://www.carsguide.com.au/site/news-and-reviews/car-reviews-road-tests/mazda_mx_5_car_of_the_week, Carsguide - Car of the Week
- MX5 Miata World International MX5 Club
- Mazda Miata MX-5 Owner's Manual
- Mazda Miata Guide from Grassroots Motorsports magazine