Mazhar Mahmood Qurashi
Encyclopedia
Dr. Prof. Mazhar Mahmood Qurashi or M. M. Qureshi, was a Pakistan
i physicist
and an Islamic scholar who was educated in Lahore
and Manchester
obtaining Ph.D in X-ray
Crystallography
in 1949. He was Post Doctoral Fellow in Physics Division with National Research Council of Canada
from 1950-1952. From 1953 to 1963, he was with Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Karachi Laboratories and rose to the Head of Physics Division. From 1961-61 he was visiting scientist National Research Council of Canada
, Ottawa
, Canada
. He was elected a Fellow
of Institute of Physics
, London in 1961.
On the basis of his 50 research papers, the University of Manchester
awarded him the D.Sc. degree in 1962.
Dr. Qurashi set up and served as Chief Scientisit Defence Science (and Technology) Organization, and Scientific Advisor to the President from 1963 to 1968. He was Director of PCSIR
Laboratories from 1968 to 1971.
He served as professor of physics at the Quaid-i-Azam University
. He was an eminent science
administrator and researcher
in the field of classical physics
. Qurashi served as secretary general of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences
and the past director general of Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) laboratories in Karachi
as well as being a former Director of the National Science Council of Pakistan.
He has played pivotal role in establishing Islamic Lunar Calendar
and remained member of Central Moonsighting Comittee of Pakistan for about three decades.
He remained heavily engaged in the History and Philosophy of Science where he highlighted the role of Islam and Muslims in development of Science and inter-relatoinship between Islamic and Scientific principles. He remained part of the editorial board of Pakistan Journal of History and Philosophy of Science.
His unfinished papers include the followings:
at an early age and also received an early admission to the University of the Punjab
with an awarded scholarship
. In 1942, he graduated and received B.Sc. with Honors in physics
. In 1944, he completed his Master's degree
in physics
. He served as an associate professor of physics at his alma mater
for a from 1944 till 1947, then and flew to United Kingdom to pursue his doctorate in physics. He was awarded Ph.D in physics under the supervision of Dr. Albert Beaumont Wood
from University of Manchester
in 1949; also awarded D.Sc. in physics in 1962, on the basis of 50 published papers.
) since its establishment. In the past, he has served as the chairman of the physics department at the Quaid-i-Azam University. He has also served as a research scientist at the Institute of Physics
and published numerous papers in physics. In July 1988, Qureshi founded the first new Crystallographic Society of Pakistan in which he also served as its new president. Prof. Qurashi has authored over one hundred and ninety research papers on various topics such as physics
, physical chemistry
and Scientometrics
, of which more than thirty have been published in British, Canadian and International Journals. He has published 14 Monographs in areas of physics, scientific and technological research in Pakistan as well as on History and Philosophy of Science. From the period of 1988 to 1992, he has served as the administrator of a research project on "Science and Technology in The Muslim Ummah", the research project that was financed and coordinated by Pakistan Academy of Sciences. He has also worked at the Ministry of Defence of Pakistan
as a chief research scientist where he carried out his research in physics. He has been engaged in the research in physics with emphasis on study of atomic
and moleculary
arrangements in alloys and minerals.
Prof. Qurashi is a former member of the Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Technological and Research Committee on Cotton as well as being a member of Pakistan team at the Defence Exercise UNISON in 1965. In 1981, dr. Qureshi was listed in the Biography in Who's Who in the World, Biography in Men of Achievement (1982), Who's Who of Intellectuals (1983), and 5,000 Personalities of the World, 1985. He joined Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
in 2006. In 2007, President of Pakistan
conferred dr. Mazhar Mehmood the President’s Medal for Technology for his work on corrosion-resistant nano-crystalline alloys.
Pakistan
Pakistan , officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan is a sovereign state in South Asia. It has a coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered by Afghanistan and Iran in the west, India in the east and China in the far northeast. In the north, Tajikistan...
i physicist
Physicist
A physicist is a scientist who studies or practices physics. Physicists study a wide range of physical phenomena in many branches of physics spanning all length scales: from sub-atomic particles of which all ordinary matter is made to the behavior of the material Universe as a whole...
and an Islamic scholar who was educated in Lahore
Lahore
Lahore is the capital of the Pakistani province of Punjab and the second largest city in the country. With a rich and fabulous history dating back to over a thousand years ago, Lahore is no doubt Pakistan's cultural capital. One of the most densely populated cities in the world, Lahore remains a...
and Manchester
Manchester
Manchester is a city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England. According to the Office for National Statistics, the 2010 mid-year population estimate for Manchester was 498,800. Manchester lies within one of the UK's largest metropolitan areas, the metropolitan county of Greater...
obtaining Ph.D in X-ray
X-ray
X-radiation is a form of electromagnetic radiation. X-rays have a wavelength in the range of 0.01 to 10 nanometers, corresponding to frequencies in the range 30 petahertz to 30 exahertz and energies in the range 120 eV to 120 keV. They are shorter in wavelength than UV rays and longer than gamma...
Crystallography
Crystallography
Crystallography is the experimental science of the arrangement of atoms in solids. The word "crystallography" derives from the Greek words crystallon = cold drop / frozen drop, with its meaning extending to all solids with some degree of transparency, and grapho = write.Before the development of...
in 1949. He was Post Doctoral Fellow in Physics Division with National Research Council of Canada
National Research Council of Canada
The National Research Council is an agency of the Government of Canada which conducts scientific research and development.- History :...
from 1950-1952. From 1953 to 1963, he was with Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Karachi Laboratories and rose to the Head of Physics Division. From 1961-61 he was visiting scientist National Research Council of Canada
National Research Council of Canada
The National Research Council is an agency of the Government of Canada which conducts scientific research and development.- History :...
, Ottawa
Ottawa
Ottawa is the capital of Canada, the second largest city in the Province of Ontario, and the fourth largest city in the country. The city is located on the south bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of Southern Ontario...
, Canada
Canada
Canada is a North American country consisting of ten provinces and three territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic Ocean in the east to the Pacific Ocean in the west, and northward into the Arctic Ocean...
. He was elected a Fellow
Fellow
A fellow in the broadest sense is someone who is an equal or a comrade. The term fellow is also used to describe a person, particularly by those in the upper social classes. It is most often used in an academic context: a fellow is often part of an elite group of learned people who are awarded...
of Institute of Physics
Institute of Physics
The Institute of Physics is a scientific charity devoted to increasing the practice, understanding and application of physics. It has a worldwide membership of around 40,000....
, London in 1961.
On the basis of his 50 research papers, the University of Manchester
University of Manchester
The University of Manchester is a public research university located in Manchester, United Kingdom. It is a "red brick" university and a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive British universities and the N8 Group...
awarded him the D.Sc. degree in 1962.
Dr. Qurashi set up and served as Chief Scientisit Defence Science (and Technology) Organization, and Scientific Advisor to the President from 1963 to 1968. He was Director of PCSIR
PCSIR
The Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research is a government-owned science and industrialization research organization which mainly focuses on the development of industrial research. Initially established as Pakistan Department of Research in 1951, it was reformulated in its current...
Laboratories from 1968 to 1971.
He served as professor of physics at the Quaid-i-Azam University
Quaid-i-Azam University
The Quaid-i-Azam University is a public, research university in Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It was initially founded as the "University of Islamabad" in July 1967...
. He was an eminent science
Science
Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe...
administrator and researcher
Researcher
A researcher is somebody who performs research, the search for knowledge or in general any systematic investigation to establish facts. Researchers can work in academic, industrial, government, or private institutions.-Examples of research institutions:...
in the field of classical physics
Classical physics
What "classical physics" refers to depends on the context. When discussing special relativity, it refers to the Newtonian physics which preceded relativity, i.e. the branches of physics based on principles developed before the rise of relativity and quantum mechanics...
. Qurashi served as secretary general of the Pakistan Academy of Sciences
Pakistan Academy of Sciences
The Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences (Urdu: پاکستان اكيڈ مى ﺁف سائس; shortened to PAS, is a learned society for science and technology based in Pakistan. The academy consisted and served as the network of science across the Pakistan as...
and the past director general of Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (PCSIR) laboratories in Karachi
Karachi
Karachi is the largest city, main seaport and the main financial centre of Pakistan, as well as the capital of the province of Sindh. The city has an estimated population of 13 to 15 million, while the total metropolitan area has a population of over 18 million...
as well as being a former Director of the National Science Council of Pakistan.
He has played pivotal role in establishing Islamic Lunar Calendar
Lunar calendar
A lunar calendar is a calendar that is based on cycles of the lunar phase. A common purely lunar calendar is the Islamic calendar or Hijri calendar. A feature of the Islamic calendar is that a year is always 12 months, so the months are not linked with the seasons and drift each solar year by 11 to...
and remained member of Central Moonsighting Comittee of Pakistan for about three decades.
He remained heavily engaged in the History and Philosophy of Science where he highlighted the role of Islam and Muslims in development of Science and inter-relatoinship between Islamic and Scientific principles. He remained part of the editorial board of Pakistan Journal of History and Philosophy of Science.
His unfinished papers include the followings:
- Scientometric and S&T Manpower Studies
- IslamIslamIslam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
& Modernisation - Development of Monetary Institutions
- IslamIslamIslam . The most common are and . : Arabic pronunciation varies regionally. The first vowel ranges from ~~. The second vowel ranges from ~~~...
, Obedience, Love, Humility, Cooperation & Self-sacrifice - GOD & MAN
- Islamic Lunar Calendar
- Impact of Internet on Society
- Role of Maulana Rumi 150 years before the TurkishOttoman EmpireThe Ottoman EmpireIt was usually referred to as the "Ottoman Empire", the "Turkish Empire", the "Ottoman Caliphate" or more commonly "Turkey" by its contemporaries...
Empire - Early Interaction between Muslims, JewsJewsThe Jews , also known as the Jewish people, are a nation and ethnoreligious group originating in the Israelites or Hebrews of the Ancient Near East. The Jewish ethnicity, nationality, and religion are strongly interrelated, as Judaism is the traditional faith of the Jewish nation...
& Christians - Integration of Science into Madrassah Studies
Education
Qureshi, in his school days, has been a brilliant student. He completed his matriculationMatriculation
Matriculation, in the broadest sense, means to be registered or added to a list, from the Latin matricula – little list. In Scottish heraldry, for instance, a matriculation is a registration of armorial bearings...
at an early age and also received an early admission to the University of the Punjab
University of the Punjab
University of the Punjab , colloquially known as Punjab University, is located in Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan. The University of the Punjab is the oldest and biggest University of Pakistan. The University of the Punjab was formally established with the convening of the first meeting of its...
with an awarded scholarship
Scholarship
A scholarship is an award of financial aid for a student to further education. Scholarships are awarded on various criteria usually reflecting the values and purposes of the donor or founder of the award.-Types:...
. In 1942, he graduated and received B.Sc. with Honors in physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
. In 1944, he completed his Master's degree
Master's degree
A master's is an academic degree granted to individuals who have undergone study demonstrating a mastery or high-order overview of a specific field of study or area of professional practice...
in physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
. He served as an associate professor of physics at his alma mater
Alma mater
Alma mater , pronounced ), was used in ancient Rome as a title for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele, and in Christianity for the Virgin Mary.-General term:...
for a from 1944 till 1947, then and flew to United Kingdom to pursue his doctorate in physics. He was awarded Ph.D in physics under the supervision of Dr. Albert Beaumont Wood
Albert Beaumont Wood
Albert Beaumont Wood OBE DSc was a British physicist, known for his pioneering work in the field of underwater acoustics and sonar....
from University of Manchester
University of Manchester
The University of Manchester is a public research university located in Manchester, United Kingdom. It is a "red brick" university and a member of the Russell Group of research-intensive British universities and the N8 Group...
in 1949; also awarded D.Sc. in physics in 1962, on the basis of 50 published papers.
Academic career
He has been associated with University of Islamabad (now Quaid-i-Azam UniversityQuaid-i-Azam University
The Quaid-i-Azam University is a public, research university in Islamabad Capital Territory of Pakistan. It was initially founded as the "University of Islamabad" in July 1967...
) since its establishment. In the past, he has served as the chairman of the physics department at the Quaid-i-Azam University. He has also served as a research scientist at the Institute of Physics
Institute of Physics
The Institute of Physics is a scientific charity devoted to increasing the practice, understanding and application of physics. It has a worldwide membership of around 40,000....
and published numerous papers in physics. In July 1988, Qureshi founded the first new Crystallographic Society of Pakistan in which he also served as its new president. Prof. Qurashi has authored over one hundred and ninety research papers on various topics such as physics
Physics
Physics is a natural science that involves the study of matter and its motion through spacetime, along with related concepts such as energy and force. More broadly, it is the general analysis of nature, conducted in order to understand how the universe behaves.Physics is one of the oldest academic...
, physical chemistry
Physical chemistry
Physical chemistry is the study of macroscopic, atomic, subatomic, and particulate phenomena in chemical systems in terms of physical laws and concepts...
and Scientometrics
Scientometrics
Scientometrics is the science of measuring and analysing science. In practice, scientometrics is often done using bibliometrics which is a measurement of the impact of publications. Modern scientometrics is mostly based on the work of Derek J. de Solla Price and Eugene Garfield...
, of which more than thirty have been published in British, Canadian and International Journals. He has published 14 Monographs in areas of physics, scientific and technological research in Pakistan as well as on History and Philosophy of Science. From the period of 1988 to 1992, he has served as the administrator of a research project on "Science and Technology in The Muslim Ummah", the research project that was financed and coordinated by Pakistan Academy of Sciences. He has also worked at the Ministry of Defence of Pakistan
Ministry of Defence (Pakistan)
The Ministry of Defence , is a federal government ministry tasked with coordinating and supervising all major government agencies and federal departments of the government relating directly to National security and the Pakistan Defense Forces...
as a chief research scientist where he carried out his research in physics. He has been engaged in the research in physics with emphasis on study of atomic
Atomic physics
Atomic physics is the field of physics that studies atoms as an isolated system of electrons and an atomic nucleus. It is primarily concerned with the arrangement of electrons around the nucleus and...
and moleculary
Molecular physics
Molecular physics is the study of the physical properties of molecules, the chemical bonds between atoms as well as the molecular dynamics. Its most important experimental techniques are the various types of spectroscopy...
arrangements in alloys and minerals.
Prof. Qurashi is a former member of the Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, Technological and Research Committee on Cotton as well as being a member of Pakistan team at the Defence Exercise UNISON in 1965. In 1981, dr. Qureshi was listed in the Biography in Who's Who in the World, Biography in Men of Achievement (1982), Who's Who of Intellectuals (1983), and 5,000 Personalities of the World, 1985. He joined Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
The Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission, , is an administrative governmental and autonomous science and technology governmental department of Pakistan, responsible for development of nuclear energy and development of nuclear power sector in Pakistan...
in 2006. In 2007, President of Pakistan
President of Pakistan
The President of Pakistan is the head of state, as well as figurehead, of the Islamic Republic of Pakistan. Recently passed an XVIII Amendment , Pakistan has a parliamentary democratic system of government. According to the Constitution, the President is chosen by the Electoral College to serve a...
conferred dr. Mazhar Mehmood the President’s Medal for Technology for his work on corrosion-resistant nano-crystalline alloys.
Research Papers
- Dependence of publication-rate on size of some university groups and departments in U. K. and Greece in comparison with N. C. I., USA . M.M. Qureshi (2005)
- Groundrules for Gainful Interaction Between Science and Religion for the Future of Humanity by Prof. Mazhar Mahmood Qurashi FIAS, Pakistan Academy of Sciences.
- Evaluation of Water Bodies from Different Sources of Water (2005)
- Islamic lunar calendar – a critical review of forecasts for Pakistan based on the ILDL concept, Part II, by M. M. Qurashi
- Science, Islam and Education by S. M. Jafar and M. M. Qurashi (2005).
- History and Philosophy of Muslim Contributions to Science & Technology, by M. M. Qurashi and S. S. H. Rizvi (1996).
- Introduction to Muslim Contributions to science & Technology, by Mazhar Qureshi, printed by Adam Publishers.
- Research & Development in Pakistan: Review (1947–89) & Future Perspectives. M. M. Qurashi and A. Q. Kazi (1992).
- Food & Nutrition Problems of the Muslim Ummah. S. M. Ali, M.H. Qazi, M.M. Qurashi, M.A. Rahim, F.H. Shah (1989).
- Science and Technology Profiles of Muslim Countries. S.M. Jafar & M. M. Qurashi (1986)
- Renewable Sources of Energy in Pakistan. M. M. Qurashi & A. H. Chotani (1986).
- Energy and Its Development (with special reference to Pakistan). Karimullah, M. M. Qurashi, M.S.H. Siddiqi, M. K. Bhatty, A.H.Chotani (1982)
- Appropriate Technology & Development (with special reference to Pakistan) by M. M. Qurashi, Karimullah, M. Aslam, A. H. Chotani, S. M. Moghni (1981) (Edited in collaboration with PAS & Pakistan Banking Council.
- The Mechanics of R&D and Technology Transfer. Mazhar M. Qurashi (1978).
Awards
- Sitara-i-ImtiazSitara-i-ImtiazThe Sitara-i-Imtiaz , is the third highest honour and civilian award in the State of Pakistan. It recognizes the individuals who made an "especially meritorious contribution to the security or national interests of Pakistan, world peace, cultural or other significant public endeavors"...
(1991) - PCSIR AwardPCSIRThe Pakistan Council of Scientific and Industrial Research is a government-owned science and industrialization research organization which mainly focuses on the development of industrial research. Initially established as Pakistan Department of Research in 1951, it was reformulated in its current...
(2002) - Gold MedalGold MedalGold Medal is the sixth studio album by the American hard rock band The Donnas, released in 2004 on Atlantic Records. It was one of the first albums released in the DualDisc format, but was recalled due to a mastering error which resulted in the final track being partially omitted from the CD...
from Pakistan Academy of SciencesPakistan Academy of SciencesThe Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences The Pakistan Academy of Sciences (Urdu: پاکستان اكيڈ مى ﺁف سائس; shortened to PAS, is a learned society for science and technology based in Pakistan. The academy consisted and served as the network of science across the Pakistan as...
(1972)
Fellowships
- Fellow of Institute of PhysicsInstitute of PhysicsThe Institute of Physics is a scientific charity devoted to increasing the practice, understanding and application of physics. It has a worldwide membership of around 40,000....
(1961) - Fellow of Islamic Academy of Sciences (1988)
- President, of the Scientific Society of Pakistan, (1968–1969)
- President, Section of Physics, Mathematics, Statistics, Astronomy and Meteorology.