Newspapers

The oldest newspaper

Newspaper

A newspaper is a scheduled publication containing news of current events, informative articles, diverse features and advertising. It usually is printed on relatively inexpensive, low-grade paper such as newsprint. By 2007, there were 6580 daily newspapers in the world selling 395 million copies a...

 in Peru

Peru

Peru , officially the Republic of Peru , is a country in western South America. It is bordered on the north by Ecuador and Colombia, on the east by Brazil, on the southeast by Bolivia, on the south by Chile, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean....

 is El Peruano

El Peruano

Diario Oficial El Peruano is the official daily newspaper of Peru. The paper was founded on October 22, 1825 by Simón Bolívar, making it the oldest newspaper still in existence in Latin America. In addition to carrying news, all laws passed in Peru must be published by El Peruano.It is currently...

, which was founded by Simón Bolívar

Simón Bolívar

Simón José Antonio de la Santísima Trinidad Bolívar y Palacios Ponte y Yeiter, commonly known as Simón Bolívar was a Venezuelan military and political leader...

 on October 22, 1825. El Peruano acts as the official newspaper of record

Newspaper of record

Newspaper of record is a term that may refer either to any publicly available newspaper that has been authorized by a government to publish public or legal notices , or any major newspaper that has a large circulation and whose editorial and news-gathering functions are considered professional and...

, and all laws passed in Peru must be published in the daily. Despite El Peruanos official status, it does not have the largest circulation among Peruvian dailies. Lima

Lima

Lima is the capital and the largest city of Peru. It is located in the valleys of the Chillón, Rímac and Lurín rivers, in the central part of the country, on a desert coast overlooking the Pacific Ocean. Together with the seaport of Callao, it forms a contiguous urban area known as the Lima...

-based El Comercio, founded on May 7, 1839, is one of the most important Peruvian newspapers. It is also the oldest privately-owned paper in the country. The Miró Quesada family controls the majority of El Comercio stock.

Left

Left-wing politics

In politics, Left, left-wing and leftist generally refer to support for social change to create a more egalitarian society...

-leaning La República

La República

La República is a center-left newspaper published in Lima, Peru. It is one of the two main national dailies sold all over the country since it was founded on May 3, 1981. The paper was founded by Gustavo Mohme Llona, a former member of the Peruvian Congress...

, founded on May 3, 1981, is another important newspaper. La República ardently opposed the government of Alberto Fujimori

Alberto Fujimori

Alberto Fujimori Fujimori served as President of Peru from 28 July 1990 to 17 November 2000. A controversial figure, Fujimori has been credited with the creation of Fujimorism, uprooting terrorism in Peru and restoring its macroeconomic stability, though his methods have drawn charges of...

, and continues to refer to him as the "ex-dictator

Dictator

A dictator is a ruler who assumes sole and absolute power but without hereditary ascension such as an absolute monarch. When other states call the head of state of a particular state a dictator, that state is called a dictatorship...

." La República was founded and edited by Gustavo Mohme Llona, who was formerly a member of Congress

Congress of Peru

The Congress of the Republic of Peru or the National Congress of Peru is the unicameral body that assumes legislative power in Peru.Congress consists of 130 members of congress , who are elected for five year periods in office on a proportional representation basis...

. It is now edited by his son, Gustavo Mohme Seminario.

In addition to these two newspapers, there are several other newspapers, including, for example, Peru.21, Correo, and La Razón

La Razón

La Razón is used as a name for newspapers in the Spanish-speaking world including:*La Razón , Argentina*La Razón , Bolivia*La Razón , Ecuador*La Razón , Peru...

, which is extremely pro-Fujimori. There are also several sensationalist tabloids that are considered to be part of the "prensa chicha." Such papers frequently feature women wearing bikini

Bikini

The bikini is typically a women's two-piece swimsuit. One part of the attire covers the breasts and the other part covers the crotch and part of or the entire buttocks, leaving an uncovered area between the two. Merriam–Webster describes the bikini as "a woman's scanty two-piece bathing suit" or "a...

s or less and show pictures of dead bodies on their front pages. During the government of Fujimori, Vladimiro Montesinos

Vladimiro Montesinos

Vladimiro Ilyich Montesinos Torres was the long-standing head of Peru's intelligence service, Servicio de Inteligencia Nacional , under President Alberto Fujimori. In 2000, secret videos, which he had recorded, were televised that showed his bribing an elected congressman to leave the opposition...

 secretly purchased the editorial lines of such tabloids through bribery

Bribery

Bribery, a form of corruption, is an act implying money or gift giving that alters the behavior of the recipient. Bribery constitutes a crime and is defined by Black's Law Dictionary as the offering, giving, receiving, or soliciting of any item of value to influence the actions of an official or...

. Le Monde diplomatique

Le Monde diplomatique

Le Monde diplomatique is a monthly newspaper offering analysis and opinion on politics, culture, and current affairs. It was first created mainly for a diplomatic audience as its name implies...

 also publishes a Peruvian version.

According to a readership

Newspaper circulation

A newspaper's circulation is the number of copies it distributes on an average day. Circulation is one of the principal factors used to set advertising rates. Circulation is not always the same as copies sold, often called paid circulation, since some newspapers are distributed without cost to the...

 survey done in Lima in May 2007, the ten most widely read newspapers were Trome (1,103.5 thousand readers), El Comercio (549.7), Ojo (432.1), Ajá (361.0), Perú21 (290.7), El Popular (265.5), El Bocón (256.5), Correo (227.3), Líbero (148.2) and La República (139.7).

Radio

Many radio stations exist throughout Peru, including Radioprogramas del Perú.

There are a lot of radio stations in Peru. Peruvian listeners prefer FM stations instead of MW and SW stations. Major cities such as Lima, Arequipa and Trujillo have their fm dial full. Since 1990 most of these stations have been acquired by large radio corporations in order to monopolize the dial. Only a very few independent stations survived this wave. As a consequence Peruvian government does not currently give licenses for new frequencies.

This is one of the reasons that since late 1990s pirate radios and Internet radios have appeared and are increasing.

Television

Among Peru's television network

Television network

A television network is a telecommunications network for distribution of television program content, whereby a central operation provides programming to many television stations or pay TV providers. Until the mid-1980s, television programming in most countries of the world was dominated by a small...

s is Frecuencia Latina

Frecuencia Latina

Frecuencia Latina , better known as Channel 2, is a Peruvian television network. The network was founded on May 31, 1962 by the Cavero Family Group who turned the station into a network filled with musical programs and variety shows...

, which was the subject of considerable controversy and indirectly led to a case being decided by the Inter-American Court of Human Rights

Inter-American Court of Human Rights

The Inter-American Court of Human Rights is an autonomous judicial institution based in the city of San José, Costa Rica. Together with the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, it makes up the human rights protection system of the Organization of American States , which serves to uphold and...

. Frecuencia Latina covered several stories of corruption in the Fujimori government when it was owned by Baruch Ivcher

Baruch Ivcher

Baruch Ivcher is an Israeli-born business tycoon who lives in Peru.Ivcher was a majority shareholder of the Peruvian television station Frecuencia Latina. President Alberto Fujimori ordered Ivcher stripped of his Peruvian citizenship when the station's investigative program Contrapunto exposed...

. However, Baruch Ivcher was stripped of his Peruvian citizenship

Citizenship

Citizenship is the state of being a citizen of a particular social, political, national, or human resource community. Citizenship status, under social contract theory, carries with it both rights and responsibilities...

 and forced to sell his shares of the channel below market value to pro-Fujimori businessmen. Ivcher took the case to court, and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights eventually decided in his favor.

Another channel in Peru is Canal N

Canal N

Canal N is a 24-hour cable news channel in Peru. The channel was founded as a joint venture between El Comercio and Telefónica....

, a 24-hour cable news channel that is a joint venture between El Comercio and Telefónica

Telefónica

Telefónica, S.A. is a Spanish broadband and telecommunications provider in Europe and Latin America. Operating globally, it is the third largest provider in the world...

.

Other Peruvian networks include América Televisión

America Television

America Television , better known as America TV, is a Peruvian television network affiliated with Televisa of Mexico. It was founded on December 15, 1958 by Antonio Umbert F., Nicanor Gonzalez V., and Avelino Aramburu. The network belongs to the Plural TV group formed by the daily newspapers El...

, which was purchased by El Comercio and La República, Panamericana Televisión

Panamericana Televisión

Panamericana Televisión, Panamericana Television or Pantel is a Peruvian television network founded in 1959 when television first arrived in Peru. It initially broadcast on Channel 13, but later moved to Channel 5 in metropolitan Lima. This network was followed by a second private television...

, which secretly sold its editorial line to Vladimiro Montesinos, and public broadcasting

Public broadcasting

Public broadcasting includes radio, television and other electronic media outlets whose primary mission is public service. Public broadcasters receive funding from diverse sources including license fees, individual contributions, public financing and commercial financing.Public broadcasting may be...

 station TV Perú.

Internet-only media

Internet-only media started in 1995 with some on-demand broadcasts in Real Audio done by Frecuencia Primera RTVN, Red Cientifica Peruana, Peru.Com and Radio Programas. Currently there are over 10 thousand online stations; some of them are Internet Only but some others are just live rebroadcast fm or mW stations. With some exceptions Internet Only stations die just a few weeks or months after they are created.

About Internet TV, some VHF stations like Frecuencia Latina and TV PERU broadcast their on-air feeds via Internet. Starting in 2006 some TV stations have appeared like TELURICA and in 2007 Frecuencia Primera RTVN released CANAL 200, using the name as they were created in 1976. TELURICA produces their own Internet Only programmes but CANAL 200 shows just clips and some sample productions.

Magazines

Caretas

Caretas

Caretas is a weekly newsmagazine published in Lima, Peru, renowned for its investigative journalism. It was founded in October 1950 by Doris Gibson and Francisco Igartua....

, founded in October 1950 by Doris Gibson

Doris Gibson

Doris Gibson Parra del Riego was a Peruvian magazine writer and publisher. She is most noted as the founder and editor of the Peruvian weekly newsmagazine Caretas....

 and her son Enrique Zileri, is one of Peru's most prestigious newsmagazine

Newsmagazine

A news magazine is a typed, printed, and published piece of paper, magazine or a radio or television program, usually weekly, featuring articles or segments on current events...

s.