Minsk Mazowiecki
Encyclopedia
Mińsk Mazowiecki AUD is a town in central Poland
with 38 181 inhabitants (2008). It is situated in the Masovian Voivodeship
(since 1999), previously in Siedlce Voivodeship
(1975–1998). It is the capital of Mińsk County
.
Facts:
and distinguishes Mińsk Mazowiecki from the Belarus
ian capital of Minsk
.
and administratively in East Masovian Voivodeship
.
More precisely, the city lies 40 km east from Warsaw
's Center.
Early after war began, Germans
created the Mińsk Ghetto
. It was closed in 1942, July 21. Most of the Jews were killed in Treblinka extermination camp
(thousands of people), and the rest were killed in Mińsk in 1943, January 10 (500 people) and June 5 (last 150 Jews).
The Polish Home Army
managed to kill 2 German officers after this.
Service:
Industry:
Sport:
Estates built as part of Mińsk: - New Town - Garden Town (found 1936)
Villages:
Poland
Poland , officially the Republic of Poland , is a country in Central Europe bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus and Lithuania to the east; and the Baltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast, a Russian exclave, to the north...
with 38 181 inhabitants (2008). It is situated in the Masovian Voivodeship
Masovian Voivodeship
-Administrative division:Masovian Voivodeship is divided into 42 counties : 5 city counties and 37 "land counties"...
(since 1999), previously in Siedlce Voivodeship
Siedlce Voivodeship
Siedlce Voivodeship was a unit of administrative division and local government in Poland in years 1975–1998, superseded by Masovian Voivodeship and Lublin Voivodeship. Its capital city was Siedlce.-Major cities and towns :...
(1975–1998). It is the capital of Mińsk County
Minsk County
Mińsk County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mińsk Mazowiecki, which lies ...
.
Facts:
- high urban densityUrban densityUrban density is a term used in urban planning and urban design to refer to the number of people inhabiting a given urbanized area. As such it is to be distinguished from other measures of population density. Urban density is considered an important factor in understanding how cities function...
(in some areas very high) - part of WarsawWarsawWarsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
Subregion - history
- long history as a town (since 1421)
- 2 large buildings from 17th century and many others which survived Second World War (all are original)
- transport
- one of main European routes inside
- one of main European railroads inside
Name
The source of the name Mińsk is the River Mienia, whose name in turn derives from mienić, which means ‘shine’. The postnominal adjective Mazowiecki shows the historical connection to MazoviaMazovia
Mazovia or Masovia is a geographical, historical and cultural region in east-central Poland. It is also a voivodeship in Poland.Its historic capital is Płock, which was the medieval residence of first Dukes of Masovia...
and distinguishes Mińsk Mazowiecki from the Belarus
Belarus
Belarus , officially the Republic of Belarus, is a landlocked country in Eastern Europe, bordered clockwise by Russia to the northeast, Ukraine to the south, Poland to the west, and Lithuania and Latvia to the northwest. Its capital is Minsk; other major cities include Brest, Grodno , Gomel ,...
ian capital of Minsk
Minsk
- Ecological situation :The ecological situation is monitored by Republican Center of Radioactive and Environmental Control .During 2003–2008 the overall weight of contaminants increased from 186,000 to 247,400 tons. The change of gas as industrial fuel to mazut for financial reasons has worsened...
.
Location
Mińsk Mazowiecki is located geographically in South Podlasie, historically in East MazoviaMazovia
Mazovia or Masovia is a geographical, historical and cultural region in east-central Poland. It is also a voivodeship in Poland.Its historic capital is Płock, which was the medieval residence of first Dukes of Masovia...
and administratively in East Masovian Voivodeship
Masovian Voivodeship
-Administrative division:Masovian Voivodeship is divided into 42 counties : 5 city counties and 37 "land counties"...
.
More precisely, the city lies 40 km east from Warsaw
Warsaw
Warsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
's Center.
History
- XIV - settlement (commercial function)
- 1421, May 29 - official city of Mińsk
- 1422 - first wooden church (not saved)
- 1549 - found of second city: Sendomierz
- 1629–present church opened
- 1695 - Sendomierz joined to Mińsk
- XVIII - gradual fall of Mińsk connected with gradual fall of the CommonwealthPolish-Lithuanian CommonwealthThe Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth was a dualistic state of Poland and Lithuania ruled by a common monarch. It was the largest and one of the most populous countries of 16th- and 17th‑century Europe with some and a multi-ethnic population of 11 million at its peak in the early 17th century...
- 1795-1809 - in AustriaAustriaAustria , officially the Republic of Austria , is a landlocked country of roughly 8.4 million people in Central Europe. It is bordered by the Czech Republic and Germany to the north, Slovakia and Hungary to the east, Slovenia and Italy to the south, and Switzerland and Liechtenstein to the...
- 1809-1815 - in Duchy of WarsawDuchy of WarsawThe Duchy of Warsaw was a Polish state established by Napoleon I in 1807 from the Polish lands ceded by the Kingdom of Prussia under the terms of the Treaties of Tilsit. The duchy was held in personal union by one of Napoleon's allies, King Frederick Augustus I of Saxony...
- 1815-1916 - in Congress PolandCongress PolandThe Kingdom of Poland , informally known as Congress Poland , created in 1815 by the Congress of Vienna, was a personal union of the Russian parcel of Poland with the Russian Empire...
- 1866 - first train arrived
- 1867 - name's change (Mińsk > Novominsk)
- 1870 - Dernałowicz Family became last owners of city (to Second World War)
- 1886 - first bookstore in east MazoviaMazoviaMazovia or Masovia is a geographical, historical and cultural region in east-central Poland. It is also a voivodeship in Poland.Its historic capital is Płock, which was the medieval residence of first Dukes of Masovia...
- end of XIX - found of famous manufacture
- 1912 (or 1910) - start of Maria Grochowska's School, today this is Polska Macierz Szkolnas High School
- 1914 - old church opened after conversion
- 1915–present hospital opened
- 1915 to 1918, November 11 - German occupation
- 1916 - name's change (Novominsk > Mińsk Mazowiecki)
- 1920 - episode of Polish-Soviet War
- 1920-1939 - great development
- 1937 - first electric train arrived
- 1939-1944 - second German occupation
- 1939, September 12 - German entry
- 1939, September 13 - battle for Mińsk Mazowiecki (Władysław Anders)
- 1942, July 21 - elimination of Jews (one of first episodes of Holocaust)
- 1944, July 30 - liberation by Armia KrajowaArmia KrajowaThe Armia Krajowa , or Home Army, was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II German-occupied Poland. It was formed in February 1942 from the Związek Walki Zbrojnej . Over the next two years, it absorbed most other Polish underground forces...
(prelude to Warsaw UprisingWarsaw UprisingThe Warsaw Uprising was a major World War II operation by the Polish resistance Home Army , to liberate Warsaw from Nazi Germany. The rebellion was timed to coincide with the Soviet Union's Red Army approaching the eastern suburbs of the city and the retreat of German forces...
)
- 1944, July 30–31 - soviet liberation
- 1945, march 2-3 - Soviet killed Mińsk's elite (with Mayor Hipolit Konopka)
- 1952 - trains manufacture
- 1957 - military garrison
- 1979 - new train station
- 1985 - Solidarity events
- 1990 - first Mayor elected in free elections (since elections before Second World War): Zbigniew Grzesiak
- 1999 - Mińsk County established
Jewish
Until 1768 it was illegal for Jewish people to settle in Mińsk. But from 19th century to 1930s it was very popular. So, there were thousands of Jews before Second World War. They had a general synagogue and some smaller temples.Early after war began, Germans
Nazi Germany
Nazi Germany , also known as the Third Reich , but officially called German Reich from 1933 to 1943 and Greater German Reich from 26 June 1943 onward, is the name commonly used to refer to the state of Germany from 1933 to 1945, when it was a totalitarian dictatorship ruled by...
created the Mińsk Ghetto
Minsk Ghetto
The Minsk Ghetto was created soon after the German invasion of the Soviet Union. It was one of the largest in Eastern Europe, and the largest in the German-occupied territory of the Soviet Union...
. It was closed in 1942, July 21. Most of the Jews were killed in Treblinka extermination camp
Treblinka extermination camp
Treblinka was a Nazi extermination camp in occupied Poland during World War II near the village of Treblinka in the modern-day Masovian Voivodeship of Poland. The camp, which was constructed as part of Operation Reinhard, operated between and ,. During this time, approximately 850,000 men, women...
(thousands of people), and the rest were killed in Mińsk in 1943, January 10 (500 people) and June 5 (last 150 Jews).
The Polish Home Army
Armia Krajowa
The Armia Krajowa , or Home Army, was the dominant Polish resistance movement in World War II German-occupied Poland. It was formed in February 1942 from the Związek Walki Zbrojnej . Over the next two years, it absorbed most other Polish underground forces...
managed to kill 2 German officers after this.
Monuments
- layout of medieval settlement and later city
- Palace of Doria Dernałowicz Family - built probably in 17th century (in place of 16th century residence), converted to classicismClassicismClassicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained: of the Discobolus Sir Kenneth Clark observed, "if we object to his restraint...
- park
- Church of Born of Saint Mary - built in 17th century, converted to neo-baroqueNeo-baroqueThe Baroque Revival or Neo-baroque was an architectural style of the late 19th century. The term is used to describe architecture which displays important aspects of Baroque style, but is not of the Baroque period proper—i.e., the 17th and 18th centuries.Some examples of Neo-baroque architecture:*...
in early 20th century- equipment
- cemetery
- county hall (former), 19th century, classicismClassicismClassicism, in the arts, refers generally to a high regard for classical antiquity, as setting standards for taste which the classicists seek to emulate. The art of classicism typically seeks to be formal and restrained: of the Discobolus Sir Kenneth Clark observed, "if we object to his restraint...
- county hall, 19th century
- post office, 19th century, empireEmpire (style)The Empire style, , sometimes considered the second phase of Neoclassicism, is an early-19th-century design movement in architecture, furniture, other decorative arts, and the visual arts followed in Europe and America until around 1830, although in the U. S. it continued in popularity in...
- church of Mariavite ChurchMariavite ChurchThe Mariavite Church is an independent Christian church that emerged from the Catholic Church of Poland at the turn of the 20th century. Initially, it was an internal movement leading to a reform of the Polish clergy. After a conflict with Polish bishops, it became a separate and independent...
, 1911 - residential areas, XIX and early 20th century
- Jewish cemetery
- some school buildings (early 20th century)
Economy
Trade:- hypermarketHypermarketIn commerce, a hypermarket is a superstore combining a supermarket and a department store. The result is an expansive retail facility carrying a wide range of products under one roof, including full groceries lines and general merchandise...
CarrefourCarrefourCarrefour S.A. is an international hypermarket chain headquartered in Levallois-Perret, France. It is one of the largest hypermarket chains in the world... - supermarketSupermarketA supermarket, a form of grocery store, is a self-service store offering a wide variety of food and household merchandise, organized into departments...
s (about 10) - many other shops
- market
- developers
Service:
- 10 banks
- fast-foods, pubs and restaurants
- 3 hotels
- construction indystry
- car service
- satellite communication
Industry:
- ZNTKPESA SAPESA is a train manufacturing company based in Bydgoszcz, Poland. The company is the oldest producer of railway vehicles in Poland. It delivers vehicles to a number of customers in European countries, including Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Italy, and Poland...
"Mińsk Mazowiecki" (trains) - Fabryka Urządzeń Dźwigowych - Manufacture of Cranes (other heavy machines)
- cotton products
- yachts
- shoes
- foil
Population
| Age / Gender | amount | amount |
|---|---|---|
| 0-18 men | 3978 | |
| 0-18 women | 3640 | |
| 0-18 | 7618 | |
| Men 18-65 yo | 12283 | |
| Women 18-60 yo | 12496 | |
| Work-age people | 24779 | |
| Retire-age men | 1572 | |
| Retire-age women | 3560 | |
| Retire-age | 5132 | |
| All | 37529 |
| Time | Amount | Time | Amount |
|---|---|---|---|
| XVI, second half | 3,5-4 t. | 1660 | 1 t. |
| 1777 | 456 | 1827 | 750 |
| 1880 | 2940 | early XX | 4771 |
| 1910 | 5794 | 1921 | 10689 |
| 1939 | 15103 | 1945 | 10500 |
| 1971 | 24700 | 1992 | 34 t. |
| 1995 | 35068 | 2000 | 35761 |
| 2006 | 37529 |
Education
- Józef Majka College of Social Science (catholic)
- Stanisław Staszic Lifelong Learning Center
- University of Third Age
- Polska Macierz Szkolna GymnasiumGymnasium (school)A gymnasium is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar schools or sixth form colleges and U.S. college preparatory high schools. The word γυμνάσιον was used in Ancient Greece, meaning a locality for both physical and intellectual...
and High School - Salesian Elementary, Gymnasium and High School (catholic)
- Kazimierz Wielki Professional High School
- Powstańcy Warszawy Professional High School
- High School of Economy
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie High School
- 3 public gymnasiumsGymnasium (school)A gymnasium is a type of school providing secondary education in some parts of Europe, comparable to English grammar schools or sixth form colleges and U.S. college preparatory high schools. The word γυμνάσιον was used in Ancient Greece, meaning a locality for both physical and intellectual...
- 4 public elementary schools
- over 10 preschools (6 public)
- special school (for kids with problems)
- clinic of psychological and pedagogical help
Bureaus
- regional bureau of Environmental Protection Inspection
- point of conscription
- above forester bureau (Nadleśnictwo Mińsk)
- county, city and commune bureaus
Safety
- Police Departament of Mińsk CountyMinsk CountyMińsk County is a unit of territorial administration and local government in Masovian Voivodeship, east-central Poland. It was created on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Mińsk Mazowiecki, which lies ...
- 2 building in Mińsk, dozens of cars (including sport cars and off-road cars) - Fire Departament of Mińsk County - quite new fire engines (well equipped after big fire in industry area a few years ago)
- Public Hospital of Mińsk County
Culture and sport
Culture:- House of Culture
- School of Art
- 2 libraries
- 2 museums
- cinema
- magazines (2 public and 3 commercial are published in Mińsk)
Sport:
- Miejski Ośrodek Sportu i Rekreacji (public sport and recreation departament)
- 2 stadiums
- ice rink
- other
- Mazovia-ZNTK
- football team in local amateur league
- other sports
- other clubs
Religions
- Roman Catholic ChurchRoman Catholic ChurchThe Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church, is the world's largest Christian church, with over a billion members. Led by the Pope, it defines its mission as spreading the gospel of Jesus Christ, administering the sacraments and exercising charity...
(4 parishes and other structures) - Mariavite ChurchMariavite ChurchThe Mariavite Church is an independent Christian church that emerged from the Catholic Church of Poland at the turn of the 20th century. Initially, it was an internal movement leading to a reform of the Polish clergy. After a conflict with Polish bishops, it became a separate and independent...
(1 parish) - BaptistBaptistBaptists comprise a group of Christian denominations and churches that subscribe to a doctrine that baptism should be performed only for professing believers , and that it must be done by immersion...
(1 congregation)
Public transport
- Train station
- regular service (39 trains in one way daily) to WarsawWarsawWarsaw is the capital and largest city of Poland. It is located on the Vistula River, roughly from the Baltic Sea and from the Carpathian Mountains. Its population in 2010 was estimated at 1,716,855 residents with a greater metropolitan area of 2,631,902 residents, making Warsaw the 10th most...
- direct connections with many cities in Poland, and with MoscowMoscowMoscow is the capital, the most populous city, and the most populous federal subject of Russia. The city is a major political, economic, cultural, scientific, religious, financial, educational, and transportation centre of Russia and the continent...
- regular service (39 trains in one way daily) to Warsaw
- 2 regular bus services to Warsaw
- European route E30European route E30European route E 30 is an A-Class West-East European route, extending from the southern Irish port of Cork in the west to the Russian city of Omsk in the east...
Lands
Overall: 13,12 km sq.- residential: 30%
- industrial: 6%
- communication (roads, railroads etc.): 15%
- agricultural: 29%
- park: 5%
- other: 15%
Historical parts of city
Cities:- Mińsk - old town
- Sendomierz (found 1549, joined 1695)
Estates built as part of Mińsk: - New Town - Garden Town (found 1936)
- concrete estates built in socialist realismSocialist realismSocialist realism is a style of realistic art which was developed in the Soviet Union and became a dominant style in other communist countries. Socialist realism is a teleologically-oriented style having its purpose the furtherance of the goals of socialism and communism...
(about 1945-1990) without names - modern estates without names
Villages:
- over railroad part of city (all existed in 1839 and earlier)
- Kędzierak (joined partly in 1954 and fully in 1984)
- Stankowizna (joined in 19th or 20th century)
- Anielina (joined in similar time as Kędzierak)
- other
- Górki (joined in 18th century)
- Goździk (joined during First War War)
- Kolonia Stasinów (joined in 1936)
- Pohulanka (joined partly in 1936)
- Sewerynów (joined in similar time as Kędzierak)
Twin cities
- BorodiankaBorodiankaBorodianka is a town in Kiev Oblast of Ukraine. It's the administrative center of Borodianskyi Raion. Population is 12,535 .The town is notable for its private aviation airfield and "Borex" excavator-manufacturing company ....
, Ukraine - Cori, Italy
- KrnovKrnovKrnov is an Upper Silesian city in the northeastern Czech Republic, in the Moravian-Silesian Region, the District of Bruntál, on the Opava River, near the Polish border....
, Bruntál District, Czech Republic - OrshaOrshaOrsha is a city in Belarus in Vitebsk voblast on the fork of the Dnieper and Arshytsa rivers.-Facts:*Location: *Population: 125,000 *Phone code: +375 216*Postal codes: 211030, 211381–211394, 211396–211398-History:...
, Belarus - PefkiPefkiPefki , is a suburb in the northeastern area of Athens, Greece. Since the 2011 local government reform it is part of the municipality Lykovrysi-Pefki, of which it is the seat and a municipal unit.-Geography:...
, Greece - Saint-ÉgrèveSaint-ÉgrèveSaint-Égrève is a commune in the Isère department in south-eastern France.-References:*...
, France - TelšiaiTelšiaiTelšiai , is a city in Lithuania with about 35,000 inhabitants. It is the capital of Telšiai County and Samogitia region, and it is located on Lake Mastis.-Names:...
, Lithuania
People
- Julian GrobelnyJulian GrobelnyJulian Grobelny was an activist in the Polish Socialist Party beginning in 1915, and the President of Żegota from its inception in 1942....
, Righteous Among the NationsRighteous Among the NationsRighteous among the Nations of the world's nations"), also translated as Righteous Gentiles is an honorific used by the State of Israel to describe non-Jews who risked their lives during the Holocaust to save Jews from extermination by the Nazis.... - Czesław Mroczek, poseł
- Teresa Wargocka, poseł
- Stefan ŻeromskiStefan ZeromskiStefan Żeromski was a Polish novelist and dramatist. He was called the "conscience of Polish literature". He also wrote under the pen names: Maurycy Zych, Józef Katerla and Stefan Iksmoreż.- Life :...
, writerWriterA writer is a person who produces literature, such as novels, short stories, plays, screenplays, poetry, or other literary art. Skilled writers are able to use language to portray ideas and images.... - Marek PiotrowskiMarek PiotrowskiMarek "The Punisher" Piotrowski is a Polish retired heavyweight kickboxer and boxer. He is a former ten time kickboxing world champion.-Amateur career:...
, World Champion in KickboxingKickboxingKickboxing refers to a group of martial arts and stand-up combat sports based on kicking and punching, historically developed from karate, Muay Thai and western boxing.... - Rafał JackiewiczRafał JackiewiczRafał Jackiewicz is a Polish professional boxer who fights in welterweight division. He is former EBU welterweight champion. His professional debut took place on 17 February 2001. Jackiewicz defeated Milan Smetana from Slovakia, winning by points after a four-round bout...
, boxerBoxingBoxing, also called pugilism, is a combat sport in which two people fight each other using their fists. Boxing is supervised by a referee over a series of between one to three minute intervals called rounds...
(world title eliminator)
Sources
- Co słychać? - weekly magazine ISSN 1425-6185
- Web page of City Hall http://www.minsk-maz.pl/indexa.php (English)
- Web page of County Hall http://www.powiatminski.pl
- Web page http://www.minskmaz.com.pl
- Web page of poseł Czesław Mroczek http://www.czeslawmroczek.pl
Books
- 585 lat Mińska Mazowieckiego, red. Janusz Kuligowski, Mińsk Mazowiecki, 2006, ISBN 8390693674