Minuscule 218
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 218 ε 233 (Soden), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the Old Testament
(Septuaginta) and New Testament
, on parchment. It is one of the few manuscripts with the complete Greek Bible. Palaeographically
it has been assigned to the 13th century. It has marginalia
.
(Rev. 13:5-14:8; 15:7-17:2; 18:10-19:15; 20:7-22:21). The text is written in two columns per page, 50-52 lines per page. The text of New Testament is on leaves 486-623.
The order of books: Acts, Catholic epistles, Pauline epistles
. The Hebrews is placed between 2 Thessalonians and 1 Timothy.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. The text of the Gospels has also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections
, but without references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains tables of the (tables of contents) before each book, subscriptions at the end of each book, the Euthalian Apparatus
(in Acts, Cath., and Paul), the Eusebian Canons absent.
(except epistles). Aland
placed it in Category III in the Catholic and Pauline epistles and in Category V in rest of New Testament books. It contains many peculiar readings.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx
in Luke 1 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made. It creates textual cluster with minuscule 187
.
(like codex 123
and 434
). It was examined by Treschov, Alter
and Birch. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1887.
It is currently housed at the Austrian National Library
(Theol. Gr. 23), at Vienna
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the Old Testament
Old Testament
The Old Testament, of which Christians hold different views, is a Christian term for the religious writings of ancient Israel held sacred and inspired by Christians which overlaps with the 24-book canon of the Masoretic Text of Judaism...
(Septuaginta) and New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. It is one of the few manuscripts with the complete Greek Bible. Palaeographically
Palaeography
Palaeography, also spelt paleography is the study of ancient writing. Included in the discipline is the practice of deciphering, reading, and dating historical manuscripts, and the cultural context of writing, including the methods with which writing and books were produced, and the history of...
it has been assigned to the 13th century. It has marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
.
Description
The codex contains the text of the both Testaments, on 623 parchment leaves (size ), with some lacunaeLacuna (manuscripts)
A lacunaPlural lacunae. From Latin lacūna , diminutive form of lacus . is a gap in a manuscript, inscription, text, painting, or a musical work...
(Rev. 13:5-14:8; 15:7-17:2; 18:10-19:15; 20:7-22:21). The text is written in two columns per page, 50-52 lines per page. The text of New Testament is on leaves 486-623.
The order of books: Acts, Catholic epistles, Pauline epistles
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...
. The Hebrews is placed between 2 Thessalonians and 1 Timothy.
The text is divided according to the (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, and their (titles of chapters) at the top of the pages. The text of the Gospels has also another division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections
Ammonian Sections
Eusebian canons or Eusebian sections, also known as Ammonian Sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively...
, but without references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains tables of the (tables of contents) before each book, subscriptions at the end of each book, the Euthalian Apparatus
Euthalian Apparatus
The Euthalian Apparatus is a collection of additional editorial material, such as divisions of text, lists, and summaries, to the New Testament's Book of Acts, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles. This additional material appears at the beginnings of books, in the margin of the text, and at the...
(in Acts, Cath., and Paul), the Eusebian Canons absent.
Text
The Greek text of the New Testament of this codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
(except epistles). Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
placed it in Category III in the Catholic and Pauline epistles and in Category V in rest of New Testament books. It contains many peculiar readings.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents textual family Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
in Luke 1 and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made. It creates textual cluster with minuscule 187
Minuscule 187
Minuscule 187 , ε 222 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 12th century. It has marginalia.- Description :...
.
History
The manuscript was brought from Constantinople to Vienna by BusbecqOgier Ghiselin de Busbecq
Ogier Ghiselin de Busbecq was a 16th century Flemish writer, herbalist and diplomat in the employ of three generations of Austrian monarchs...
(like codex 123
Minuscule 123
Minuscule 123 , ε 174 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament on a parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 11th century. It has complex contents with some marginalia....
and 434
Minuscule 434
Minuscule 434 , Νλ48 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century.- Description :...
). It was examined by Treschov, Alter
Francis Karl Alter
Francis Karl Alter , a Jesuit, born in Silesia, and professor of Greek at Vienna, was an editor of the Greek text of the New Testament. His edition was different from those of Mill, Wettstein, and Griesbach, because he used only the manuscripts housed at the Imperial Library at Vienna...
and Birch. C. R. Gregory saw it in 1887.
It is currently housed at the Austrian National Library
Austrian National Library
The Austrian National Library , is the largest library in Austria, with 7.4 million items in its collections. It is located in the Hofburg Palace in Vienna; since 2005 some of the collections are located in the baroque Palais Mollard-Clary...
(Theol. Gr. 23), at Vienna
Vienna
Vienna is the capital and largest city of the Republic of Austria and one of the nine states of Austria. Vienna is Austria's primary city, with a population of about 1.723 million , and is by far the largest city in Austria, as well as its cultural, economic, and political centre...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- F. C. Alter, Novum Testamentum ad Codicum Vindobonensem Graece expressum (Vienna, 1786-1787).