Minuscule 234
Encyclopedia
Minuscule 234 δ 365 (Soden), is a Greek
minuscule manuscript
of the New Testament
, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon
to the year 1278. It has marginalia
.
(except Apocalypse
), on 315 thick parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in two columns per page, 35 lines per page, in black ink, the capital letters in red. The order of books is unusual, the same as in codex 51
: Acts
, Pauline epistles
, Catholic epistles, Gospel
s.
The text is divided according to (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, the (titles) at the top. The text of the Gospels has also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections
(Matthew 359, Mark 241, Luke 342, John 232), with references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains Prolegomena to the four Gospels, Epistula ad Carpianum
, the Eusebian tables, tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin, incipits, Synaxarion, Menologion, Verses in Matthew and Mark, Euthalian Apparatus
in the Catholic epistles, Hebrews has three Prolegomena. The text has many corrections.
. Aland
did not place it in any Category
.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Kx
in Luke 1
and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made. It belongs to the textual cluster 74
.
, 412
, and others). It was bought at Venice by Friedrich Rostgaard in 1699. It was examined by Hensler, Birch, Delitzsch
, Graux
, and C. R. Gregory (1891).
It is currently housed at the Det Kongelige Bibliotek (GkS 1322, 4) at Copenhagen
.
Greek language
Greek is an independent branch of the Indo-European family of languages. Native to the southern Balkans, it has the longest documented history of any Indo-European language, spanning 34 centuries of written records. Its writing system has been the Greek alphabet for the majority of its history;...
minuscule manuscript
Manuscript
A manuscript or handwrite is written information that has been manually created by someone or some people, such as a hand-written letter, as opposed to being printed or reproduced some other way...
of the New Testament
New Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon
Colophon (publishing)
In publishing, a colophon is either:* A brief description of publication or production notes relevant to the edition, in modern books usually located at the reverse of the title page, but can also sometimes be located at the end of the book, or...
to the year 1278. It has marginalia
Marginalia
Marginalia are scribbles, comments, and illuminations in the margins of a book.- Biblical manuscripts :Biblical manuscripts have liturgical notes at the margin, for liturgical use. Numbers of texts' divisions are given at the margin...
.
Description
The codex contains entire text of the New TestamentNew Testament
The New Testament is the second major division of the Christian biblical canon, the first such division being the much longer Old Testament....
(except Apocalypse
Book of Revelation
The Book of Revelation is the final book of the New Testament. The title came into usage from the first word of the book in Koine Greek: apokalupsis, meaning "unveiling" or "revelation"...
), on 315 thick parchment leaves (size ). The text is written in two columns per page, 35 lines per page, in black ink, the capital letters in red. The order of books is unusual, the same as in codex 51
Minuscule 51
Minuscule 51 , δ 364 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. Palaeographically it has been assigned to the 13th century. Formerly it was labelled by 51e for the Gospels, 32a for the Acts, and 38p for the Pauline epistles...
: Acts
Acts of the Apostles
The Acts of the Apostles , usually referred to simply as Acts, is the fifth book of the New Testament; Acts outlines the history of the Apostolic Age...
, Pauline epistles
Pauline epistles
The Pauline epistles, Epistles of Paul, or Letters of Paul, are the thirteen New Testament books which have the name Paul as the first word, hence claiming authorship by Paul the Apostle. Among these letters are some of the earliest extant Christian documents...
, Catholic epistles, Gospel
Gospel
A gospel is an account, often written, that describes the life of Jesus of Nazareth. In a more general sense the term "gospel" may refer to the good news message of the New Testament. It is primarily used in reference to the four canonical gospels of Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John...
s.
The text is divided according to (chapters), whose numbers are given at the margin, the (titles) at the top. The text of the Gospels has also a division according to the smaller Ammonian Sections
Ammonian Sections
Eusebian canons or Eusebian sections, also known as Ammonian Sections, are the system of dividing the four Gospels used between late Antiquity and the Middle Ages. The divisions into chapters and verses used in modern texts date only from the 13th and 16th centuries, respectively...
(Matthew 359, Mark 241, Luke 342, John 232), with references to the Eusebian Canons.
It contains Prolegomena to the four Gospels, Epistula ad Carpianum
Epistula ad Carpianum
The Epistula ad Carpianum is the title traditionally given to a letter from Eusebius of Caesarea to a Christian named Carpianus....
, the Eusebian tables, tables of the (tables of contents) before each Gospel, lectionary markings at the margin, incipits, Synaxarion, Menologion, Verses in Matthew and Mark, Euthalian Apparatus
Euthalian Apparatus
The Euthalian Apparatus is a collection of additional editorial material, such as divisions of text, lists, and summaries, to the New Testament's Book of Acts, Catholic epistles, and Pauline epistles. This additional material appears at the beginnings of books, in the margin of the text, and at the...
in the Catholic epistles, Hebrews has three Prolegomena. The text has many corrections.
Text
The Greek text of the codex is a representative of the Byzantine text-typeByzantine text-type
The Byzantine text-type is one of several text-types used in textual criticism to describe the textual character of Greek New Testament manuscripts. It is the form found in the largest number of surviving manuscripts, though not in the oldest...
. Aland
Kurt Aland
Kurt Aland was a German Theologian and Professor of New Testament Research and Church History. He founded the Institut für neutestamentliche Textforschung in Münster and served as its first director for many years...
did not place it in any Category
Categories of New Testament manuscripts
New Testament manuscripts in Greek are categorized into five groups, according to a scheme introduced in 1981 by Kurt and Barbara Aland in Der Text des Neuen Testaments. The categories are based on how each manuscript relates to the various text-types. Generally speaking, earlier Alexandrian...
.
According to the Claremont Profile Method it represents the textual family Kx
Family Kx
Family Kx is a large group of the New Testament manuscripts. It belongs to the Byzantine text-type as one of the textual families of this group. It includes uncials, and although hundreds of minuscules, no early ones.- Description :...
in Luke 1
Luke 1
Luke 1 is the first chapter of the Gospel of Luke in the New Testament of the Christian Bible. It describes the events leading up to the birth of Jesus. It is written to Theophilus, who could be a real person or could simply mean a fellow Christian as theo philus is Greek for God lover...
and Luke 20. In Luke 10 no profile was made. It belongs to the textual cluster 74
Minuscule 74
Minuscule 74 , ε 321 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. It was written in 1291 or 1292. Some leaves of the codex were lost. It was adapted for liturgical use. It has full marginalia...
.
History
The manuscript is one of several copies written by Theodore Hagiopetrita (as codex 74Minuscule 74
Minuscule 74 , ε 321 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment leaves. It was written in 1291 or 1292. Some leaves of the codex were lost. It was adapted for liturgical use. It has full marginalia...
, 412
Minuscule 412
Minuscule 412 , ε 419 , is a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament, on parchment. It is dated by a colophon to the year 1301.It has marginalia.- Description :...
, and others). It was bought at Venice by Friedrich Rostgaard in 1699. It was examined by Hensler, Birch, Delitzsch
Franz Delitzsch
Franz Delitzsch was a German Lutheran theologian and Hebraist. Born in Leipzig, he held the professorship of theology at the University of Rostock from 1846 to 1850, at the University of Erlangen until 1867, and after that at the University of Leipzig until his death...
, Graux
Charles Graux
Charles Alexandre Louis Graux was a Belgian lawyer, professor at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, an authority on stichometry and liberal politician....
, and C. R. Gregory (1891).
It is currently housed at the Det Kongelige Bibliotek (GkS 1322, 4) at Copenhagen
Copenhagen
Copenhagen is the capital and largest city of Denmark, with an urban population of 1,199,224 and a metropolitan population of 1,930,260 . With the completion of the transnational Øresund Bridge in 2000, Copenhagen has become the centre of the increasingly integrating Øresund Region...
.
See also
- List of New Testament minuscules
- Biblical manuscriptBiblical manuscriptA biblical manuscript is any handwritten copy of a portion of the text of the Bible. The word Bible comes from the Greek biblia ; manuscript comes from Latin manu and scriptum...
- Textual criticismTextual criticismTextual criticism is a branch of literary criticism that is concerned with the identification and removal of transcription errors in the texts of manuscripts...
Further reading
- Charles GrauxCharles GrauxCharles Alexandre Louis Graux was a Belgian lawyer, professor at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles, an authority on stichometry and liberal politician....
, Notices sommaires des manuscritti grecs de la grande bibliolheque royale de Copenhague, Paris 1879.